Who is Yegor Gaidar biography. Died famous politician Yegor Gaidar
“... there are three kinds of minds: an outstanding person comprehends everything himself. The significant can understand what the first has comprehended.
A worthless mind, on its own, comprehends nothing and cannot understand what is comprehended by others. /Machiavelli/
Matches are not toys for children
We all come from childhood. Like when Egor was "small, with a curly head", he was sent to the store for a French roll, then worth 7 kopecks. The boy, having paid 8 (5+3) kopecks, stood at the cash register for an hour. To the question of the cashier: "What are you waiting for?" answered: "Kopeck".
Yegor was born "with a silver spoon in his mouth": two writer grandfathers - Arkady Gaidar and Leonid Bazhov. Father is a military journalist, Rear Admiral. At school, he is a round honors student and a medalist.
In his memoirs he writes: “I quickly noticed that it is not difficult for me to remember the contents of the statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia I looked at or a textbook that I accidentally came across.[...] My father, who inherited some financial disorder from his grandfather, was always burdened by reporting and accounting. Noticing how easy it is for me to do everything related to numbers, he completely hung up on me, a ten-year-old boy, the preparation of the monthly financial report of the bureau.” /one/
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Later, with a breath, he will recall how, in his student years, “at night” he read books by Anglo-Saxon authors of the new.
Chmoker
And Ghoul- that's what people called it
Yegor Timurovich for the habit of smacking.
From 1983 to 1985 he was an expert of the State Commission on economic reforms. From 1987 to 1990 - editor and head of the department of economic policy in the journal of the Central Committee of the CPSU "Communist". In 1990, he was the head of the economics department of the Pravda newspaper. In 1991-1994, he held a number of key positions in the government of the Russian Federation.
Knowledgeable people then said: “In the government of Yegor Gaidar, only Gaidar himself does not take bribes! And if he grabbed, then a little.
It was a living illustration of Olesha's fairy tale "Three Fat Men". The word "man" did not stick to him in any way. His handshake with a "cutlet" indicated the softness and phlegm of nature. So, being in Paris on an official visit, telling reporters about the progress of reforms in Russia, he dozed off on an ottoman. Well, just like Field Marshal Kutuzov in Fili.
“It is desirable to pay wages to workers” / E.T. Gaidar/
A liberal economist from the journal Kommunist, he never bothered to visit a single enterprise in his entire life.
began to cheat on the “wrong” planned economy, firmly believing the Anglo-Saxon textbooks, as if he had thrown himself into a turbulent stream with swimming instructions in his hand held high.
He loved to speak in metaphors.
“If you are given a full bucket of money as a payday, this is not yet hyperinflation. And if you forget this bucket in a telephone booth - and it is stolen along with the money - this is also not hyperinflation. But if the forgotten bucket is stolen, and the money is left on the floor in the booth, then this is it, mother!
Gaidar steps ahead
The government, led by the IMF, consistently introduced the "naphthalene-soaked" model of free competition of small business, characteristic of early capitalism.Prices were “released”, which increased by tens of thousands (!) times for a number of goods, devaluing the savings of the population. Shops, as if by magic, were suddenly filled with goods - the deficit was created artificially "from above" to justify "shock therapy". After the decree "On freedom of trade", spontaneous markets arose everywhere, while "competition mechanisms" did not arise - organized criminal groups seized control of all market structures.
Having blocked the factors of the Soviet system, his team created matrices on which the ugly structures of new "development institutions" began to take shape. Organized crime and total corruption, wild forms of hiring and non-payment of wages, poverty and the homeless, drugs, HIV and prostitution, as well as a general decline in culture and education, have become an integral part of life after reformed Russia.It was under Gaidar that a mass of hungry people appeared in the country.
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Chicken legs stuffed with hormonal drugs (“Bush legs”), used foreign cars and Royal alcohol have become a symbol of the transformation of Russia, defeated by the West in the Cold War, into a market for “dirty” products from around the world and “rolling into asphalt” domestic producers. Oilfields and the fishing industry have been sold and leased to foreign capital for a long term.
"Russia as a state of Russians has no historical perspective."
“... teachers, doctors, technical and creative intelligentsia
<...>it's not the middle class, but the dependents." /E.T. Gaidar/
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They were “grabbed” by the businessmen of the shadow economy with smarmy bosses and criminal authorities who, by and large, did not produce anything. Half of the enterprises that yesterday worked in three shifts, producing machine tools, aircraft or televisions, were soon robbed to the skin by new owners, simply killed, and their buildings were turned into shopping or office centers.
“Dear Yegor Timurovich, chef Ernest Semenovich Lobkov writes to you. Do something. Because of my resemblance to you, I am often beaten!”
Society was divided into a handful of super-rich gentlemen and many millions of people who became impoverished overnight. In the popular mind is fixed: "Successful is only a bastard"
.
And when they refer to the encyclopedic knowledge of economics Egor Timurovich Gaidar, for some reason Ivan Andreevich Krylov is remembered: “Smart, he is smart, but his mind is stupid.”
An enemy of the people or a great reformer?
Unlike mathematical theorems, questions of economics directly affect the interests of many people. And therefore they are disputed, sometimes even contrary to obvious logic.
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The pundits of the "Gaidar litter" advise our government. We constantly see them on the blue screens, speaking various learned words, gushing and becking about the development of small and medium-sized businesses.
But whatever one may say, the result of the reforms was not a powerful breakthrough, as, for example, in China, but a huge recession, which has no analogue in peacetime. After his team “set to work” in 1992, Russia, which is in a state of crisis, went from a “bifurcation point” to a state of catastrophe ( Gaidar's kick).
"Beware of worsening the product, beware of lowering wages and robbing the public." These words of the Great, similar to a spell or parting words, seem to most of the current pundits in the field of economics, representing the "Gaidar litter", to be complete absurdity, worthy of the attention of only naive simpletons.
“I saw the workshops of our best leading factories for the production of modern microwave equipment. Like a neutron bomb exploded. Everything lies. Even tea in dried-up glasses in the back room and not a single person!”
To tear apart the plant and organize a flea market in its place - a great achievement ?!“When Gaidar flew to Magadan and said that there are a lot of extra people in the North, then we were told “there is!” and went to kill the villages as not promising. The village of Strelka was closed simply by turning off the electricity and people themselves dispersed in all directions. ”
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It seemed to the vast majority of the population that the transition to market rails promises everyone something joyful: shops will be filled with high-quality goods at low prices; scientists and engineers believed that they would be shown on TV and personal cars would be brought to the entrance; miners that will row money with a shovel.
But “instead of a beautiful black-eyed Polish girl, some kind of fat face looked out of the windows.” /Gogol/
He was forced to go everywhere with guards.
At the end of his life, he "abused" a lot.
Chubais: “Gaidar and I sometimes sat in the evenings, and I drank half a bottle of whiskey, and he - a bottle and continued the conversation. Once I suggested to him: “Yegor, if you drank a bottle of vodka from your throat in front of millions of viewers, then sniffed a crust of black bread and continued the conversation, your attitude towards you would change. The people would stop hating you and take you for their own.” “I don’t drink vodka, I drink whiskey. It is not clear how people will react to whiskey, ”Egor Timurovich calmly explained.” /3/
Ironically, he shared the fate of the millions driven to the "bottom" by his reforms - he died of alcoholism at 54 - the age of the average life expectancy of a Russian man. Did you expect the arrival of a boomerang? Or maybe you have never heard of such a mechanism? The people remember Yegor Timurovich and his "shock" therapy.
"It's okay that part of the pensioners will die out, but society will become more mobile." /E.T. Gaidar/
THIS IS NOT FORGOTTEN.
Strikingly reminiscent of the phallus from a distance, the monument reveals more and more new meanings as one approaches it. This is not often the case in monumental art.
Do you see the other hand? Not?! But she is! This is it - the same "invisible hand of the market."
"He was escorted to the grave
flurry of ridicule,
Others just laughed wildly.
And only I, only I sobbed.
I so dreamed of seeing
hanged him."
Lev Ostroumov
P.S. Arkady Gaidar described the “bad boy” who sold his homeland to the “damned bourgeois” for “a whole barrel of jam and a whole basket of cookies”, in detail, as if from life. So don’t believe after that in different mysticism ...
And the Gaidars - they were different after all. And the books of his grandfather Arkady Gaidar are good. And he died at 41.
/1/ Gaidar E.T., "Days of defeats and victories", M., "Vagrius", 1996, p.19. /2/ Oleg Poptsov, “Moment of Truth”, TVC, 06/23/2006. /3/ N. Starikov. Yegor Gaidar vs Russia. "Military review". Opinions. /4/ B. Nemtsov, Komsomolskaya Pravda, 9.08.2007
Gaidar Yegor Timurovich from 1990 to 2009, with short breaks, headed the Institute for Economic Policy in Transition. It was he who led the government, called the reformist government, which created and implemented "shock therapy" and price liberalization.
Biographical information
The future politician was born in the capital of our Motherland on March 19, 1956. Yegor Gaidar's father was a war correspondent, who later rose to the rank of Rear Admiral. Egor Timurovich's grandfathers were famous writers. The literary works of Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov were even studied as part of the school curriculum.
In 1962 Timur Gaidar, his wife Ariadna Bazhova and their six-year-old son Yegor arrived in Cuba. They lived there for some time, were familiar with Raul Castro and Che Guevara.
In 1966 they moved to Yugoslavia, where a ten-year-old boy first showed interest in economic problems.
In his youth, Yegor played chess well and took part in many competitions.
After graduating from high school with a gold medal, Yegor Gaidar became a student at the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University. Lomonosov. Studying at this higher educational institution continued until 1978, then he continued his studies there as a graduate student.
Gaidar's leader was Academician Stanislav Shatalin, who is considered his ideological ally.
In November 1980, Yegor Gaidar, whose biography was later closely connected with economic problems, became a candidate of economic sciences. The dissertation was written by him based on the results of the analysis of estimated indicators in the self-supporting system at enterprises.
From 1980 to 1986, E. T. Gaidar worked at the All-Union Research Institute for System Research of the State Committee for Science and Technology and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
After that, for a year he worked as a leading researcher at the Institute for Economics and Forecasting Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences. It was headed by Academician Lev Abalkin, who later took the post of Deputy Prime Minister of the Soviet Union Ryzhkov N.I.
Acquaintance with Chubais
There are two versions of how Yegor Gaidar met A. Chubais, who submitted and implemented the idea of privatization in our country.
According to one version, the acquaintance took place in St. Petersburg, when Gaidar received an invitation to participate in a series of seminars in 1982 on economic topics under the auspices of Chubais.
According to other data, their acquaintance took place later in 1983 during their joint participation in the activities of the state commission to study the possibilities of economic transformation in the Soviet Union.
In mid-1986, Gaidar, Chubais and the future big businessman Pyotr Aven organized the first open conference in Leningrad's Zmeina Gorka.
Early nineties
From 1987 to 1990, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich was an editor in the economic department and a member of the editorial board of the Kommunist magazine.
In 1990, he took up the post of editor of Pravda in the economic department.
From 1990 to 1991, he headed the Institute at the Academy of National Economy of the USSR, which studied economic policy.
When the putsch of the State Emergency Committee began, Yegor Gaidar left the CPSU on August 19, 1991 and joined the ranks of the defenders of the White House. During these events, Gaidar met G. Burbulis, who recommended him to Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin as an experienced economist who could develop a plan for economic reform.
In early September, Gaidar became the head of the working group of economists, which was created by Burbulis and Alexei Golovko at the State Council of the Russian Federation.
The people's deputies remembered the Fifth Congress for Yeltsin's keynote speech, the economic part of which was prepared by the Gaidar group.
Since October 1991, Gaidar became deputy chairman of the government of the RSFSR, his area of activity included issues of economic policy. He was also appointed Minister of Economy and Finance.
Yegor Gaidar, whose biography changed dramatically after the coup, became the initiator of the famous "shock therapy" and price liberalization.
Occupation of the post of Minister of Economy came at a time when the Soviet Union collapsed, and the operation of laws practically ceased. Foreign economic activity got out of control, the functioning of customs destabilized.
State budgetary and foreign exchange reserves were at zero, so the only way out was, according to Yegor Gaidar's government, to unfreeze prices.
Work in the "government of reformers"
Since 1992, Gaidar has become and. about. head of the government of the Russian Federation. Under his leadership, the "government of reformers" created a privatization program, which began to be implemented in practice.
The reforms of Yegor Gaidar led to the eradication of the deficit, the launch of market mechanisms, a currency reform and the privatization of the housing stock.
Gaidar played a certain role in stopping the Ossetian-Ingush conflict.
The dissatisfaction of most of the people and a certain part of government circles led to the fact that Gaidar had to resign on December 15, 1992.
From 1992 to 1993 he was the director of the Institute for Economic Problems in Transition, he also served as an adviser to the President of the Russian Federation. He was in charge of issues related to economic policy.
Since September 1993, he was nominated for the post of First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia.
During the confrontation between the Supreme Soviet of Russia and Yeltsin in October 1993, Gaidar supported Boris Nikolayevich and appealed to Muscovites to defend the democratic foundations.
As Minister of Economy, he tried to take measures to reduce inflation.
At the very beginning of 1994, he had to resign, as he did not agree with the line pursued by Prime Minister Chernomyrdin.
Political activity
In 1994-1995, politician Yegor Gaidar was a member of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, where he headed the Russia's Choice faction.
From June 1994 to May 2001, he served as chairman of the Democratic Choice of Russia.
It is curious that because of his characteristic appearance, inflexible character and increased efficiency, party members jokingly nicknamed him "Iron Winnie the Pooh."
In 1995, Gaidar again headed the Institute for the Study of Economic Problems in Transition, which he created in 1990.
By December 1998, the Russian liberal democrats managed to unite. In addition to Gaidar and Chubais, one could see Irina Khakamada, Boris Nemtsov and Boris Fedorov in the leadership of the created public bloc "Just Cause".
On August 24, 1999, Sergei Kiriyenko, Nemtsov and Khakamada created an electoral bloc called the Union of Right Forces.
After the parliamentary election campaign in 1999, the Union of Right Forces introduced Gaidar on its list to the State Duma of the III convocation, where he became its co-chairman.
Due to the fact that the 2003 elections ended in the defeat of the Union of Right Forces, Gaidar decided to withdraw from the party leadership. Although he, due to this decision, was not nominated to the presidium of the SPS political council, elected in 2004, the ideological party curator Leonid Gozman argued that Gaidar and Nemtsov still had leadership positions, regardless of their lack of a formal post.
Poisoning
11/24/2006 Yegor Gaidar participated in the Irish conference, where he became ill. In the hospital, he showed signs of poisoning.
Some journalists will emphasize the fact that this happened the day after the death in a London hospital from polonium poisoning of former FSB officer Alexander Litvinenko, a sharp critic of Russian President Putin and his political course.
Gaidar, however, quickly managed to recover, a day later he was already in Moscow, where he refused to comment on the assumptions about his deliberate poisoning.
Political intrigues
Since September 2008, the chairman of the party, N. Belykh, has resigned. The reason for this was the information that it was planned to create a new right-wing party under the Kremlin wing from the Union of Right Forces.
Yegor Timurovich did not agree to take part in the creation of a renewed structure and left the party.
According to him, he did not condemn the position of political structures loyal to the regime, formally not part of the ruling party, believing that they have the opportunity to play a positive role.
Gaidar, Chubais and the SPS interim leader Leonid Gozman called on fellow party members to cooperate with the authorities in order to create a right-wing liberal party.
The authors of this statement acknowledged the absence of a democratic regime in Russia. They expressed doubt that the right would be able to protect its values in the long term to the maximum extent possible. However, no one can force them to stand up for other people's values, as the creators of the ATP believed.
Wives and children of Yegor Gaidar
With his first wife, Irina Smirnova, Gaidar was legally married at the age of twenty-two while studying in the fifth year of Moscow State University. They met as children. The grandmothers of the future spouses took their grandchildren to the village of Dunino near Moscow in the summer, where the children rested together.
In this marriage, two children were born: Peter and Mary, but soon the family broke up. The children were divided among the former spouses. Yegor Gaidar left his son, his wife, after the divorce, remained with her recently born daughter Maria, born in 1982, who remained in her mother's surname for a long period.
Only in 2004 did Maria take her father's surname. At one time she worked at the Institute for the Economy in Transition. In 2015, she moved to live in Ukraine, where she worked with former Odessa governor Mikhail Saakashvili.
The second time Gaidar married Maria Strugatskaya, whose father, Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky, was a famous Soviet science fiction writer.
For the new wife of Gaidar, this was also a remarriage. From her first marriage she had a son, whose name was Ivan.
During the joint life of Yegor Timurovich with Maria Arkadyevna, they had a son named Pavel.
About the last years of politics
The politician devoted his last years to writing articles and books on economic topics.
Yegor Timurovich Gaidar, whose books are popular among economists, wrote dozens of publications during the last years of his life.
He knew English, Spanish and Serbo-Croatian.
In his monographs: "Death of the Empire", "Long Time", "State and Evolution" and many others, the author's right-wing political and economic views are clearly visible.
He was an active opponent of the Yukos affair. In his opinion, government circles, having committed reprisals against this company, caused economic damage to the state.
In 2007, Gaidar turned to the official structures of the United States and tried to convince them not to engage in the deployment of a missile defense system in European countries.
Yegor Gaidar, cause of death
On December 16, 2009, Yegor Gaidar was found dead in the bed of his country house in the village of Uspenskoye (Odintsovsky district of the Moscow region). He was in his fifty-fourth year. News agencies learned about the politician's death from his personal assistant, Gennady Volkov.
The day before, according to Gaidar's press secretary Valery Natarov, a meeting was held until 10 pm, in which Anatoly Chubais, Yevgeny Yasin, Leonid Gozman and Yegor Gaidar took part. The cause of Gaidar's death, according to doctors, was a detached blood clot.
At a meeting with Chubais, the problems of the development of Russian nanotechnologies were considered. After its completion, the participants said goodbye, and Gaidar, in good condition, left for his country house near Moscow.
In the evening, Yegor Timurovich managed to work on a book that was planned as a continuation of his "Death of the Empire" and "Long Time". Death came at about four o'clock in the morning.
She reported that shortly before her death she saw her father, he was in a good working mood, he planned regular meetings.
Farewell to the deceased was at the PPM, and he was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
All state leaders of the country sent their condolences on the death of Yegor Timurovich Gaidar.
The then President Dmitry Medvedev, in particular, in the words of grief noted that a talented economist who had done a lot to form market foundations and transfer the state economy to a renewed direction of development had passed away. It was he who was not afraid to take full responsibility during the most difficult period in the country.
In a telegram of condolences, Prime Minister Putin noted that Yegor Timurovich was a talented scientist, writer and political figure who left his mark on the history of the development of our state. His literary heritage will be studied by young economists for a long time to come, where they will be able to learn a lot of useful things for themselves.
Well-known economist, director of the Institute for the Economy in Transition (1990-1991, 1992-1993, 1995-2009). Former co-chairman of the pre-election bloc and the SPS party (2001-2004), co-head of the Right Cause public bloc (1997-2001), chairman of the Democratic Choice of Russia party (1994-2001), deputy of the State Duma of the first and third convocations. From 1992 to 1993 he was an adviser to the President of the Russian Federation on economic policy issues. Former deputy chairman of the government of the RSFSR (1991-1992) and acting chairman of the government of the Russian Federation (1992), head of the "government of reformers", author of "shock therapy" and price liberalization. Died December 16, 2009.
Yegor Timurovich Gaidar was born on March 19, 1956 in Moscow into the family of a military correspondent for the Pravda newspaper, Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar. Both grandfathers of Yegor Gaidar - Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov - are famous writers.
In 1978, Gaidar graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, in November 1980 he completed his postgraduate studies at Moscow State University. In graduate school at Moscow State University, Gaidar studied under the guidance of Academician Stanislav Shatalin, who is considered not only his teacher, but also an ideological associate. After graduating from graduate school, Gaidar defended his Ph.D. thesis on estimated indicators in the economic accounting system of enterprises.
In 1980-1986, Gaidar worked at the All-Union Research Institute for System Research of the State Committee for Science and Technology and the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1986-1987, he was a leading researcher at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he worked under the guidance of Academician Lev Abalkin, who later became Deputy Union Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov.
In 1982, Gaidar met Anatoly Chubais (later the main ideologist of privatization) while invited to St. Petersburg to speak at "Chubais" economic seminars. According to other sources, Gaidar met Chubais and Pyotr Aven (in the future - a big businessman) in 1983-1984, when he participated in the work of a state commission that studied the possibilities of economic transformations in the USSR.
In the summer of 1986, in Zmeina Gorka near Leningrad, Gaidar, Aven and Chubais organized their first open conference.
In 1987-1990, Gaidar served as editor of the economic department, and a member of the editorial board of the Kommunist magazine. In 1990, Gaidar was the editor of the economics department of the Pravda newspaper.
In 1990-1991, Gaidar headed the Institute for Economic Policy at the USSR Academy of National Economy, where he defended his doctoral dissertation.
On August 19, 1991, after the start of the GKChP coup, Gaidar announced his withdrawal from the CPSU and joined the defenders of the White House. During the August events, Gaidar met with the State Secretary of the Russian Federation Gennady Burbulis.
In September, Gaidar headed the working group of economists created by Burbulis and Alexei Golovkov at the State Council of the Russian Federation. In October 1991, Gaidar was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the RSFSR for Economic Policy, Minister of Economy and Finance of the RSFSR. Gaidar's name is associated with such events in Russian history as the famous "shock therapy" and price liberalization. He took this post during the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the laws ceased to operate, instructions - to be executed, power structures - to function. The Soviet system of control over foreign economic activity did not work, customs ceased to function. According to Gaidar himself, in a situation where there were no reserves left - neither budgetary nor foreign exchange, the only way out was to unfreeze prices.
In 1992, Gaidar became acting chairman of the government of the Russian Federation. As head of the "government of reformers," Gaidar took an active part in creating the privatization program and putting it into practice.
In 1992-1993, Gaidar served as director of the Institute for Economic Problems in Transition and was an adviser to the President of the Russian Federation on economic policy issues. In September 1993, Gaidar became the first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers - the government of the Russian Federation.
On October 3-4, 1993, during the constitutional crisis in Moscow, Gaidar called on the people to take to the streets and fight for the new regime to the end.
From 1994 to December 1995, Gaidar was a deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, chairman of the Russia's Choice faction.
In June 1994, Gaidar became chairman of the Democratic Choice of Russia party (he remained the leader of the party until May 2001). Colleagues in the FER gave him a playful nickname - "Iron Winnie the Pooh" - for his characteristic appearance, unbending character and increased efficiency.
In 1995, Gaidar again headed the institute he created in 1990, which became known as the Institute for the Economy in Transition.
In December 1998, the Russian liberal democrats united in the Right Cause public bloc, whose leadership included Gaidar, Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, Boris Fedorov, and Irina Khakamada. On August 24, Sergei Kiriyenko, Nemtsov and Khakamada announced the creation of an electoral bloc called the Union of Right Forces (SPS). In the 1999 parliamentary elections, Gaidar, on the list of the Union of Right Forces, became a member of the State Duma of the third convocation. The founding congress of the SPS party took place on May 26, 2001, and Gaidar became one of its co-chairs. After the defeat of the Union of Right Forces in the elections in December 2003, Gaidar left the leadership of the party and was no longer included in the new composition of the presidium of the political council of the Union of Right Forces, elected in February 2004 - according to Leonid Gozman, the party's curator for ideology, "Gaidar and Nemtsov remain leaders, not holding formal posts.
Gaidar an honorary professor at the University of California, a member of the editorial board of the journal "Vestnik Evropy", a member of the advisory board of the journal "Acta Oeconomica".
On November 24, 2006, while attending a conference in Ireland, Gaidar suddenly felt ill and was taken to the hospital with signs of acute poisoning. Journalists noted that this happened the day after Alexander Litvinenko, a former FSB officer, a sharp critic of the Kremlin's policy and personally President Vladimir Putin, died in a London hospital from poisoning with radioactive polonium. However, Gaidar managed to recover and the next day he flew to Moscow, where he continued his treatment. Gaidar declined to comment on suggestions that he was deliberately poisoned.
In September 2008, SPS leader Nikita Belykh resigned as chairman of the party. The reasons for this act of the politician were soon explained: it was reported that the Union of Right Forces would become part of a new right-wing party created by the Kremlin within a few months. Gaidar refused to participate in the creation of a new structure and filed an application for withdrawal from the party. At the same time, according to the politician, he is "not ready to say a word in condemnation" of the position of those who believe that "political structures loyal to the regime, but formally not part of the ruling party" can play a positive role. However, soon he, together with Chubais and Leonid Gozman, who temporarily headed the Union of Right Forces, called on party members to cooperate with the authorities to create a right-wing liberal party. Insisting on the need for such a step, the authors of the statement admitted that "a democratic regime does not function in Russia." They expressed doubt that the right would in the future "succeed in defending our values in full." "But we certainly will not be forced to defend strangers," the leaders of the Union of Right Forces argued.
December 16, 2009 Gaidar died at the age of 54. According to RIA Novosti, the cause of death was a detached blood clot, the next day Gaidar's daughter said that he died of pulmonary edema caused by myocardial ischemia.
The media wrote that Gaidar is a man of radical right-wing views in politics and economics. He was the author of the monographs "Economic Reforms and Hierarchical Structures", "State and Evolution", "Anomalies of Economic Growth", "Days of Defeats and Victories", Long Time".
Gaidar spoke English, Serbo-Croatian and Spanish. He was a good chess player and played football.
Gaidar was married for the second time to the daughter of the writer Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky, Marianna, whom he met at school. He left three sons - Peter from his first marriage with Irina Smirnova and Ivan and Pavel from the second (Ivan is Marianna's son from her first marriage), and daughter Maria, who was born in 1982, when Gaidar and Smirnova were going to get divorced. After the divorce, Peter began to live with his father and his parents, while Maria stayed with her mother and bore her surname for a long time. Only in 2004 did Gaidar acknowledge his paternity, and she took his last name. It is known that Maria Gaidar was an employee of the Institute for the Economy in Transition and the leader of the youth movement "Democratic Alternative" - "Yes!".
Russian politician, one of the main leaders and ideologists of the economic reforms of the early 1990s in Russia, founder and director of the Institute for Economic Policy. E. T. Gaidara, author of numerous publications on economics, several monographs on the economic history of Russia and the analysis of the transition from a planned economy to a market economy.
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In 1990, Yegor Gaidar became director of the Institute for Economic Policy, and in 1991 he participated in negotiations in Belovezhskaya Pushcha of three union republics: Russia, and - on the creation of the CIS.
In 1993, Gaidar became a member of the first convocation, then he was a deputy in the Duma of the third convocation.
- Yegor Gaidar was one of the key participants in the events on the part of the government during the 1993 Constitutional crisis and the termination of the activities of the Supreme Soviet of Russia.
- Gaidar Took part in the development of the Tax Code, the Budget Code, the legislation on the Stabilization Fund.
- Organizer of anti-war rallies during.
- Founder and one of the leaders of the parties "Russia" and "Union of Right Forces".
- Head of the Russia's Choice faction in the State Duma of the first convocation (1993-1995)
- Member of the SPS faction of the Duma of the third convocation (1999-2003).
Yegor Gaidar biography
Father, Timur Gaidar (1926-1999) - foreign war correspondent for the Pravda newspaper, rear admiral, son of the famous Soviet writer Arkady Petrovich Gaidar from his first wife Lia Lazarevna Solomyanskaya.
Mother - Ariadna Pavlovna Bazhova (born 1925), daughter of the writer Pavel Petrovich Bazhov and Valentina Alexandrovna Ivanitskaya. Thus, Yegor Gaidar was the grandson of two famous Soviet writers.
Yegor Gaidar's parents belonged to the 1960s intellectuals who professed democratic views.
As a child, Gaidar lived with his parents in Cuba (from 1962, during the Caribbean crisis, until the autumn of 1964). Ernesto also visited the house in Cuba.
Since 1966, Yegor Gaidar spent part of his time with his parents in Yugoslavia, where he first became interested in the economic problems of reforms. There he was actively involved in chess, played in youth competitions.
In 1971, the family returned to Moscow, and Yegor Gaidar began to attend school number 152, which he graduated from with a gold medal 2 years later.
In 1980, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich defended his Ph.D. thesis on the mechanisms of self-financing, joined the ranks of the CPSU, a member of which he remained until the August 1991 coup.
From 1980 to 1986, after graduating from Moscow State University, he was assigned to the Research Institute for System Research, where he began working as part of a group of young scientists.
In 1986, Yegor Gaidar, as part of a group led by Stanislav Shatalin, was transferred to work at the Institute of Economics of the USSR, and in the scientific community, as a result of the policy of publicity announced by Gorbachev, it became possible to discuss issues related to preparations for the transition to market relations.
In October 1991, the economic reform program was presented at the 5th Congress of People's Deputies and received the approval of the delegates. A few days later, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the RSFSR, in charge of issues of the economic bloc.
From December 1992 to September 1993, Yegor Gaidar was engaged in scientific work. In addition, he advised on economic policy issues. The politician was one of the key figures during the 1993 constitutional crisis as well.
From December 1993 to the end of 1995, Gaidar was a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. In parallel with this, he headed the Democratic Choice of Russia party.
In 1998, together with Boris Fedorov and Irina Khakamada, he entered the leadership of the Right Cause bloc. The following year, he passed to the State Duma from the SPS party, created by Khakamada and Sergei Kiriyenko.
In 2001, he became one of the co-chairs of the party, after its defeat in the elections in December 2003, he left the leadership, but remained in the Union of Right Forces until 2008.
On November 24, 2006, during a seminar in Dublin, Yegor Gaidar was hospitalized with symptoms of severe poisoning. This story remains not entirely clear. It is only obvious that the consequences of the poisoning hastened his departure.
The death of Yegor Gaidar occurred on December 16, 2009 in his house, located in the village of Uspensky near Moscow, Gaidar was 53 years old.
Family
- First wife - Irina Smirnova, Gaidar married at 22. Daughter - .
In the summer of 2015, she was appointed deputy chairman of the Odessa Regional Administration on the recommendation, and a little later she renounced Russian citizenship.
- Second wife - Marianna Strugatskaya, general son Pavel Gaidar.
Yegor Timurovich Gaidar was born on March 19, 1956 in Moscow into the family of a military correspondent for the Pravda newspaper, Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar. Both grandfathers of Yegor Gaidar - Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov - are famous writers.
In 1978, Gaidar graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, in November 1980 he completed his postgraduate studies at Moscow State University. In graduate school at Moscow State University, Gaidar studied under the guidance of Academician Stanislav Shatalin, who is considered not only his teacher, but also an ideological associate. After graduating from graduate school, Gaidar defended his Ph.D. thesis on estimated indicators in the economic accounting system of enterprises.
In 1980-1986, Gaidar worked at the All-Union Research Institute for System Research of the State Committee for Science and Technology and the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1986-1987, he was a leading researcher at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he worked under the guidance of Academician Lev Abalkin, who later became Deputy Union Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov.
In 1982, Gaidar met Anatoly Chubais (later the main ideologist of privatization) while invited to St. Petersburg to speak at "Chubais" economic seminars. According to other sources, Gaidar met Chubais and Pyotr Aven (in the future - a big businessman) in 1983-1984, when he participated in the work of a state commission that studied the possibilities of economic transformations in the USSR.
In the summer of 1986, in Zmeina Gorka near Leningrad, Gaidar, Aven and Chubais organized their first open conference.
In 1987-1990, Gaidar served as editor of the economic department, and a member of the editorial board of the Kommunist magazine. In 1990, Gaidar was the editor of the economics department of the Pravda newspaper.
In 1990-1991, Gaidar headed the Institute for Economic Policy at the USSR Academy of National Economy, where he defended his doctoral dissertation.
On August 19, 1991, after the start of the GKChP coup, Gaidar announced his withdrawal from the CPSU and joined the defenders of the White House. During the August events, Gaidar met with the State Secretary of the Russian Federation Gennady Burbulis.
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In September, Gaidar headed the working group of economists created by Burbulis and Alexei Golovkov at the State Council of the Russian Federation. In October 1991, Gaidar was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the RSFSR for Economic Policy, Minister of Economy and Finance of the RSFSR. Gaidar's name is associated with such events in Russian history as the famous "shock therapy" and price liberalization. He took this post during the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the laws ceased to operate, instructions - to be executed, power structures - to function. The Soviet system of control over foreign economic activity did not work, customs ceased to function. According to Gaidar himself, in a situation where there were no reserves left - neither budgetary nor foreign exchange, the only way out was to unfreeze prices.
In 1992, Gaidar became acting chairman of the government of the Russian Federation. As head of the "government of reformers," Gaidar took an active part in creating the privatization program and putting it into practice.
In 1992-1993, Gaidar served as director of the Institute for Economic Problems in Transition and was an adviser to the President of the Russian Federation on economic policy issues. In September 1993, Gaidar became the first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers - the government of the Russian Federation.
On October 3-4, 1993, during the constitutional crisis in Moscow, Gaidar called on the people to take to the streets and fight for the new regime to the end.
From 1994 to December 1995, Gaidar was a deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, chairman of the Russia's Choice faction.
In June 1994, Gaidar became chairman of the Democratic Choice of Russia party (he remained the leader of the party until May 2001). Colleagues in the FER gave him a playful nickname - "Iron Winnie the Pooh" - for his characteristic appearance, unbending character and increased efficiency.
In December 1998, the Russian liberal democrats united in the Right Cause public bloc, whose leadership included Gaidar, Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, Boris Fedorov, and Irina Khakamada. On August 24, Sergei Kiriyenko, Nemtsov and Khakamada announced the creation of an electoral bloc called the Union of Right Forces (SPS). In the 1999 parliamentary elections, Gaidar, on the list of the Union of Right Forces, became a member of the State Duma of the third convocation. The founding congress of the SPS party took place on May 26, 2001, and Gaidar became one of its co-chairs. After the defeat of the Union of Right Forces in the elections in December 2003, Gaidar left the leadership of the party and was no longer included in the new composition of the presidium of the political council of the Union of Right Forces, elected in February 2004 - according to Leonid Gozman, the party's curator for ideology, "Gaidar and Nemtsov remain leaders, not holding formal posts.
As of 2006, Gaidar is the director of the Institute for the Economy in Transition, an honorary professor at the University of California, a member of the editorial board of the Vestnik Evropy magazine, and a member of the advisory board of the Acta Oeconomica magazine.
On November 24, 2006, while attending a conference in Ireland, Gaidar suddenly felt ill and was taken to the hospital with signs of acute poisoning. Journalists noted that this happened the day after Alexander Litvinenko, a former FSB officer, a sharp critic of the Kremlin's policy and personally President Vladimir Putin, died in a London hospital from poisoning with radioactive polonium. However, Gaidar managed to recover and the next day he flew to Moscow, where he continued his treatment. Gaidar declined to comment on suggestions that he was deliberately poisoned.
The media wrote that Gaidar is a man of radical right-wing views in politics and economics. He is the author of the monographs "Economic Reforms and Hierarchical Structures", "State and Evolution", "Anomalies of Economic Growth", "Days of Defeats and Victories", Long Time".
Gaidar speaks English, Serbo-Croatian and Spanish. He is a good chess player, played football.
As of 1999, Gaidar was married for the second time to the daughter of the writer Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky, Marianna, whom he met at school. He has three sons - Peter from his first marriage to Irina Smirnova and Ivan and Pavel from his second (Ivan is Marianna's son from her first marriage). In addition, Gaidar has a daughter, Maria, who was born in 1982, when Gaidar and Smirnova were about to divorce. After the divorce, Peter began to live with his father and his parents, while Maria stayed with her mother and bore her surname for a long time. Only in 2004 did Gaidar acknowledge his paternity, and she took his last name. Currently, Maria Gaidar is an employee of the Institute for the Economy in Transition and the leader of the youth movement "Democratic Alternative" - "Yes!".