For what period are long-term plans developed? Short-term and long-term planning Medium-term and current planning
Medium-term plans most often cover a five-year period as the most appropriate period for updating the production apparatus and product range. They formulate the main objectives for a specified period, for example, the production strategy of the company as a whole and each division (reconstruction and expansion of production facilities, development of new products and expansion of the range); sales strategy (structure of the sales network and its development, degree of control over the market and introduction into new markets, carrying out activities to promote sales expansion); financial strategy (volumes and directions of capital investments, sources of financing, structure of the securities portfolio); personnel policy (composition and structure of personnel, their training and use); determining the volume and structure of the necessary resources and forms of material and technical supply and taking into account intra-company specialization and cooperation in production. Medium-term plans provide for the development of a certain sequence of activities aimed at achieving the goals outlined in the long-term development program.
The medium-term plan usually contains quantitative indicators, including those regarding resource allocation. It provides detailed information by product, investment data and sources of financing. It is developed in production departments.
Current planning is carried out through the detailed development of operational plans for the company as a whole and its individual divisions on an international scale, in particular, marketing programs, plans for scientific research, plans for production, and logistics. The main links of the current production plan are calendar plans, which represent a detailed specification of the goals and objectives set by the strategic and medium-term plans. Production schedules are drawn up on the basis of information about the availability of orders, the provision of their material resources, the degree of utilization of production facilities and their use, taking into account the stipulated deadlines for the execution of each order. Production calendar plans include costs for the reconstruction of existing facilities, replacement of equipment, construction of new enterprises, and workforce training. Product sales and service plans include indicators for product exports, foreign licensing, technical services and maintenance.
The implementation of operational plans is carried out through systems of budgets or financial plans, which are usually drawn up for a year or a shorter period for each individual division - profit center, and then consolidated into a single budget, or financial plan of the company. The budget is formed on the basis of the sales forecast, which is necessary to achieve the planned financial performance plans. When compiling it, the indicators developed in strategic or operational plans are primarily taken into account. Through the budget, the interconnection between strategic, current and other types of planning is carried out.
The company's budget is an expression of the operational plan in monetary units; it, as it were, links the operational and financial plans, making it possible to foresee the final result of the activity, that is, the size and rate of profit. Budget preparation is usually carried out by various services or special sectors. Special committees consisting of senior administrators review the completed budget. The head of the company approves the budget and is responsible for the effectiveness of the methods for its development. The basis of the budget is the sales forecast and the calculation of production costs. Based on the sales forecast, production, supply, inventory, research, capital investment, financing, and cash flow plans are drawn up. The company's budget covers all aspects of its activities and is based on the operational plans of the company's departments and enterprises, so it also serves as a means of coordinating the work of all parts of the company.
BC RF Article 174. Medium-term financial plan of the municipality
1. The medium-term financial plan of a municipality is understood as a document containing the main parameters of the local budget.
2. The medium-term financial plan of the municipality is developed annually in the form and manner established by the local administration of the municipality, in compliance with the provisions of this Code.
The draft medium-term financial plan of the municipality is approved by the local administration of the municipality and submitted to the representative body of the municipality simultaneously with the draft local budget.
The values of the indicators of the medium-term financial plan of the municipality and the main indicators of the draft local budget must correspond to each other.
3. The approved medium-term financial plan of the municipality must contain the following parameters:
the projected total volume of income and expenses of the corresponding local budget and the consolidated budget of the municipal district (urban district with intra-city division);
(see text in the previous edition)
volumes of budget allocations for the main managers of budget funds by sections, subsections, target items and types of expenses of the classification of budget expenses;
distribution in the next financial year and planning period between urban and rural settlements (intra-urban areas) of subsidies to equalize the budgetary provision of settlements (intra-urban areas);
(see text in the previous edition)
standards for deductions from tax revenues to the budgets of urban and rural settlements (intra-urban districts), established (to be established) by municipal legal acts of representative bodies of municipal districts (urban districts with intra-city division);
(see text in the previous edition)
local budget deficit (surplus);
the upper limit of municipal debt as of January 1 of the year following the next financial year (the next financial year and each year of the planning period).
The local administration of the municipality may provide for the approval of additional indicators of the medium-term financial plan of the municipality.
4. The indicators of the medium-term financial plan of the municipal formation are indicative in nature and can be changed when developing and approving the medium-term financial plan of the municipal formation for the next financial year and planning period.
5. The medium-term financial plan of the municipality is developed by clarifying the parameters of the specified plan for the planning period and adding parameters for the second year of the planning period.
The explanatory note to the draft medium-term financial plan of the municipality provides justification for the parameters of the medium-term financial plan, including their comparison with previously approved parameters, indicating the reasons for the planned changes.
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Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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SMART S – specific goals M – measurable goals A – achievable goals R – result-oriented T – time-bound goals
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7 modules of the Program in a series of sequential lessons. The effectiveness of a teacher’s practice depends on how competently and skillfully he uses his knowledge of the seven modules of the Program. How harmoniously the modules are interconnected and how they are used in a series of sequential lessons. Let’s say that in the first lesson the teacher uses 2 modules: “New approaches to teaching and learning” and “Teaching critical thinking.” In the second lesson he adds a module on “Using ICT in Teaching and Learning”. The third includes 2 more modules: “Assessment for learning and assessment of learning” and “Teaching and learning in accordance with the age characteristics of students.” Finally, in the fourth lesson, the teacher includes the modules “Talented and Gifted Education” and “Management and Instructional Leadership.” Thus we have a model. The more components in this model, the stronger it is. Conclusion: Using seven modules in a series of sequential lessons makes the structure strong and the lessons effective.
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SAMPLE GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING WORK Main learning objectives What topics and activities do you require for teaching and how did you organize them to support students? Active Teacher Practices to Use Have you developed a range of approaches to encourage active learning in each lesson? Overcoming the language barrier when teaching English How have you planned to assist non-native speakers in learning your subject in English? Learning outcomes The results you expect at the end of the lesson in relation to the knowledge and skills acquired by students. Assessment, including assessment for learning What do students already know about the topic? How do you plan to teach the aspect of the topic that the student is currently learning? How will you determine that students have learned what you intended by the end of the lesson? How you use assessment methods to help students learn how to learn. Involving all students in the lesson How will you determine that all students are involved in the lesson (students with special educational needs, students who complete work faster than others, gifted students). Key Resources What resources and equipment will you need to teach the lesson?
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Topic of the section: General characteristics of metals and non-metals (planning takes into account the fact that this material was studied in the 9th grade, and in the 10th grade the material is repeated and generalized) Purpose: 1. Formation of the ability to predict the properties of metals and non-metals and their compounds based on their position in D.I. Mendeleev’s periodic system of chemical elements through the development of key competencies: – information (extraction of primary information, primary processing of information); – communicative (productive group communication, written communication); – self-management (performance assessment). No. date Topic, main goals and learning outcomes. What knowledge, skills and understanding would you like your students to develop at the end of a series of sequential lessons. Active forms of work. (GR, PR, IR). Can you use ICT to improve learning. How you will use OdO How you will engage all students in the class (talented, gifted) Barriers and how to overcome them How you will establish that all students have learned what you planned and expected of them. Assessment (summative, formative)
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1 Topic Comparative characteristics of metals and non-metals of the main subgroups based on their position in the periodic table of chemical elements. Goal and expected results: Know: know the structural features of metal and non-metal atoms using the periodic table of elements. Understand: what is the difference between the structure of metal atoms and non-metal atoms. Be able to: build electronic, graphic formulas of atoms; explain the distinctive features of metals from non-metals and explain the change in the properties of atoms depending on their location in the periodic table Research conversation: problematic question 1 What substances are presented to you? (formulas of substances) - Simple - What elements are these substances formed by? Try to determine the topic of the lesson. Module 1,2. Update: Problem question: How do these substances differ from each other? Module 2. Determination of lesson goals by students. Indicating what students should remember; Division into groups: 1 group “metals” 2 group “non-metals” Work in groups: The task is to characterize the peculiarities of the structure of atoms in groups according to PSCEM (gr. 1 and 2). Work A-4 format on creating a flipchart. MethodJixo; Module: 1.6.7. Protection of group work. Evaluation OdO Cumulative conversation Conversation on the structure of atoms Comparative characteristics of groups of elements. Correction of knowledge Testing on the topic control of the results of primary memorization; peer review using the key on the slide. Reflection Module 3, 4, Formative assessment of flipcharts. evaluation sheet with criteria. (criteria can be created with students and used to evaluate flipcharts repeatedly) Reflection sheet. Commenting on the conclusion Module 7 Correction and comments on the students’ answers by the teacher. Module 7 Slide assessment criteria. Key to the test. Module 4 Specified active learning methods. (group work, work in pairs) Compiling Flipcharts. Exploratory conversation. Multi-level homework of choice on the slide (for grades 3, 4. and 5) Level 1 (3) Paragraph ___ “Comparative characteristics of metals and non-metals” Questions to the paragraph orally. Level 2 (4) Calculate the calcium content in your body (Fluorine). Level 3 (5) Essay “why do people need metals and non-metals.” Module 1.2.4.5. Exploratory conversation. Module 1.2 Cumulative conversation Module 1.2 Protecting group work Module 7 Protecting flipcharts after using the Jixo method. Observation of students by the teacher from the outside. Answers when rechecking test results. Correction of knowledge on the test assessment sheet. Reflective sheet. 1.Have you achieved your goal? 2.If yes, what contributed to this? 3.If not, what was stopping you? 4.What kind of difficulties are you experiencing? Module 2.6.
UncategorizedPlanning is one of the most important tools of self-discipline, which allows you to achieve your goals, no matter what activity you engage in. Naturally, our life is full of accidents; it is impossible to completely plan everything. But there is no need to strive for this; it is enough to set a goal and develop a strategy for achieving it.
Goals can be very diverse, such as achieving a certain level of income by some time, buying an apartment, a car, getting an education, almost anything. The planning process is basically the same and consists of several simple steps. The easiest way to consider it is through the example of financial planning.
First of all, you need to set a big goal, which will take about 5-10 years to achieve, for example, a certain level of income, or a certain amount on deposit. Then we build by setting intermediate goals, which are stages for achieving the main long-term goal. Typically, a medium-term plan is built for 2-3 years, that is, the path to a big goal can be divided into three to five segments, at each of which you will need to achieve a certain result.
Once this stage is completed, you can begin to draw up a short-term action plan for the coming year. There is no need to detail short-term plans too much; it is enough to set small intermediate goals, for example monthly ones, upon achievement of which you move on to the next ones. It makes no sense to go into too much detail on short-term plans, since they are most susceptible to random events and must maintain maximum flexibility.
Therefore, the main efforts need to be made to create the most detailed medium term financial plan. It is very important, because thanks to such a plan it will be much easier to create and adjust plans for the near future, while remaining within the scope of the task.
An important component of making plans is the ability to predict well their feasibility. This will allow you to set achievable goals for yourself that you can actually achieve.
When making medium- and long-term plans, you need to write them down on paper in as much detail as possible, or create a file on your computer and then print them out. An even better idea is to write out milestones on separate large sheets of paper and post them in visible places until they are completed.
Creating your own calendar of events with reminders about them can also help in implementing your plans; many calendar programs have such functionality. There are even programs specially designed for such planning that can and should be used as well.
Many people neglect planning, believing that the whole world around is complete chaos and there is no point in planning anything, but this is far from the case. Even if your plans are not destined to come true, planning will still become a very useful skill that will allow you to learn how to set feasible tasks for yourself, as well as develop adequate ways to solve them. In addition, good planning skills are absolutely necessary for those who intend to engage in business or investment activities. Without the ability to create at least an adequate and realistic medium term financial plan It is impossible to develop a high-quality business plan or investment strategy.
Do you often use planning tools?
Andrey Malakhov, professional investor, financial consultant