Insurance of especially dangerous objects. Compulsory insurance of hazardous production facilities
Gas consumption networks that belong to the HIF category are subject to compulsory insurance. In accordance with paragraphs. 1 clause 1 of Article 5 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2010 No. 225-FZ:
"1. Hazardous facilities, the owners of which are obliged to carry out compulsory insurance, include ...:
1) hazardous production facilities to be registered in state register in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities ”.
Thus, the owners of most gas consumption networks are obliged to insure their liability to third parties for harm that may be caused to citizens (employees, etc.) and organizations in the event of an accident at a hazardous industrial facility.
How much does the insurance on the gas consumption network cost?
Basic cost of insurance for gas consumption networks (insurance premium) - 16 500 rubles.You can also get up to -40% discount on gas network insurance your organization. To do this, fill out and send us a discount form (an active download link is given).
The system will determine the size of the reduction factor automatically, based on the level of technical safety of your hazardous facility.
How to get insurance for the gas consumption network
To get a policy for insurance of gas consumption networks, prepare and send us:1. Details of your organization (company card).
2. Certificate of registration of OPO (scanned copy).
3. OBO accounting card (if your object was registered before 02/14/2017, scanned copy)
4. Information characterizing the OPO (scanned copy, not document MS Word).
3. A document confirming the right of ownership of the OPO - a certificate of ownership, a lease agreement (operational management, economic management, etc.):
- to the boiler house building (gas network site);
- to the external gas pipeline (if any).
1. We will fill out the gas network insurance application for you (other companies may not do this). For this you need your details.
2. The document of ownership is first needed in the scan. Next, you will need a paper copy, certified by the signature of the head (or other authorized person) and the seal of the organization.
3. Even if the HIF is not yet registered in the Rostechnadzor register, we can insure it. For this you need:
- your details;
- completed information characterizing the PBO, which is certified by the signature of the head and the seal of your organization;
- a document on the ownership of an OPO (if any) or a document on the ownership of a land plot.
1. Pay the invoice for insurance cashless payments(from the account of a legal entity, individual entrepreneur or at a branch of any bank). In this case, the insurance policy and the original application will be delivered to you by a courier (in the case of the Moscow region - express delivery, in the case of regions - a registered letter by the Russian Post).
The law provides for compulsory insurance by the owner of objects that pose a potential hazard.
The insurance policy will allow the owner to fully compensate for the damage caused to the victims of a man-made disaster.
Technogenic disasters at the end of the twentieth century led to massive loss of life. Today, the state obliges the owners of hazardous industries to insure the risk of death and harm to the health of fellow citizens as a result of industrial accidents.
What are the basic principles of HPO insurance?
The list of industries recognized as dangerous and the rules of compulsory insurance are clearly established at the federal level by the 2012 law "On Compulsory Insurance of Civil Liability of the Owner of a Hazardous Facility for Damage as a Result of an Accident at a Hazardous Facility."
Insurance for the owner of a hazardous production facility (HIF) is mandatory.
The object of insurance is the liability of the owners of hazardous production to persons who have suffered harm as a result of a man-made disaster. Physical, property and environmental damage is considered as damage.
What structures are recognized as hazardous production facilities?
The list of OPOs in the 2012 federal law is exhaustive. Provided are those industries that, in the event of a failure, can cause significant property, physical or environmental damage.
Enterprises classified as hazardous industries have the right to carry out production activities only if they have an insurance policy. The lack of a policy is an obstacle to obtaining a license for the activities carried out and the basis for the application of financial sanctions.
List of enterprises classified as hazardous industries:
- Production facilities:
- HIFs that use, process, store, transport or destroy hazardous substances in the production process, such as:
- flammable, flammable or oxidizing;
- toxic and highly toxic;
- explosive;
- hazardous to the environment.
- HIFs using equipment operating at a pressure of 0.07 MPa and above or at an operating water temperature above 115 ° C;
- HIFs using stationary lifting mechanisms, funiculars, escalators, cable cars and elevators in apartment buildings, objects Catering, trade, office buildings and other facilities that support citizens' livelihoods;
- OPO, on which, as a result of the production process, melts of metals (ferrous and non-ferrous) and alloys based on them are obtained;
- HIFs that carry out work underground, work on the beneficiation of minerals and other mining work.
- hydroelectric power station buildings;
- dams;
- channels;
- tunnels;
- drainage / water outlet and spillway structures;
- ship lifts;
- shipping locks;
- dams, etc.
The special insurance conditions of the HPO apply to state property, which is financed from the budget, as well as in relation to the elevators and escalators installed in apartment buildings.
Why was the compulsory insurance of hazardous industries introduced?
Compulsory insurance activities of hazardous industries was introduced after a series of large-scale man-made disasters at the end of the twentieth century. The consequences of accidents in industries working with hazardous substances turned out to be serious and long-lasting.
In 1984, an accident occurred in India (Bhopal) at the American Union Carbide enterprise. On December 3, 1984, about three thousand people died, in subsequent years - about 15 thousand more. But, according to the calculations of scientists, total amount the victims of the disaster is about half a million human lives. This man-made disaster is the largest in the world.
The history of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which occurred in 1886, is known to all Russians.
It is not surprising that the state adopted back in 1997 a law on insurance of production activities that pose a potential danger to citizens and the environment.
The Federal Law “On Compulsory Insurance of Civil Liability of the Owner of a Hazardous Facility for Damage as a Result of an Accident at a Hazardous Facility”, in force since 1.01.2012, obliged all owners of hazardous facilities to insure the risk of damage to citizens and organizations as a result of an industrial accident.
What are the amounts of insurance compensation?
The limits of insurance payments are established federal law and depend on the type of activity of potentially hazardous production.
Some enterprises are developing industrial safety declaration at a hazardous facility... In accordance with the declaration, the possible number of victims as a result of an industrial accident is determined.
Depending on the probable maximum number of victims, the amount of the sum insured is assigned. If the number of victims is less than 10 people, the insured amount will be 10 million rubles, more than 3,000 people - 6.5 billion rubles, etc.
In the absence of a declaration of industrial safety, the sum insured is determined by the type of HIF:
- oil refining, petrochemical and chemical industries - 50 million rubles;
- gas supply facilities, gas consumption and gas networks - 25 million rubles;
- other OPO - 10 million rubles.
How is HPO insurance carried out?
To obtain insurance, the owner of a hazardous production has the right to contact insurance company of your choice.
Sum insurance compensation is determined as a result of examination. Experts set maximum size payment, depending on which the amount is assigned insurance premium.
The contribution can be paid in installments - this issue is coordinated by the owner of the HIF with the insurance company.
- Carry out an examination to assess the degree of potential hazard of the object;
- Provide the following package of documents:
- documents establishing the right of ownership (possession): sales contract, inventory card, invoices with payment orders, etc.;
- documents characterizing the object (annex to the accounting card);
- hazardous production facility accounting card;
- certificate of registration of a hazardous facility;
- UB form;
- form MVKP;
- statement;
What is the object of insurance of the HPO?
The object of insurance for hazardous production is the owner's material liability arising as a result of an accident. Only the risk of the policyholder in favor of third parties is subject to insurance.
Civil law regulates that the owner of a hazardous production bears full financial responsibility to persons who have suffered damage as a result of the production activities of a hazardous facility.
The presence of an insurance policy guarantees the owner of the HIF the opportunity to pay damage to the injured, and the injured - the opportunity to receive compensation.
The insurance company checks the compliance with the company that has entered into the insurance contract, safety standards.
Only large firms that can provide large-scale compensation for damage are licensed to conclude an HPO insurance contract. In the insurance market, such large firms less than a hundred.
What damage is compensated by the insurance company?
Upon the occurrence of an event provided for by the insurance policy (an accident that caused harm to human health, property or environmental damage) Insurance Company from its own funds makes the following payments to victims:
- the costs of eliminating the consequences of a man-made disaster;
- costs of reducing losses from the accident, if such actions were performed as a result of instructions from the insurance company;
- the costs of investigating the causes of the accident and identifying the perpetrators;
- the cost of saving the life and property of victims of the accident;
- the costs of handling cases for compensation for damage caused by an industrial accident in court and arbitration.
As practice shows, even at those enterprises where all safety requirements are met in good faith, accidents can occur. The list of hazardous industries was not compiled by chance - it is the result of many years of sad experience.
Compulsory insurance of hazardous industries allows not only to reduce the costs of the owner of the hazardous industrial facility, but also to receive full compensation for the victims of the disaster.
What damage is not covered by the insurance company?
The rules for insurance of hazardous industries provide for a number of situations when payments are not made, since they are not provided for by the legislation on HPO insurance.
Insured events do not include:
- retirement of a dangerous object from the possession of the policyholder through the fault of third parties;
- natural disasters;
- popular unrest, civil war, strike;
- terrorist act;
- war;
- nuclear explosion and radioactive contamination;
- deliberate actions of the beneficiary (victim) or the owner of the hazardous industrial organization.
In the latter case, the insurance company pays compensation if damage is caused to the life and health of a third party through the fault of the policyholder.
Let's summarize
Since January 1, 2012, the owners of hazardous industries are required to conclude an insurance contract in the event of an accident that resulted in the death of people, causing harm to the health of citizens, property or environmental damage.
HIFs include industries working with hazardous substances, at high pressures, with high temperature water, gas stations, hydraulic structures, underground industries, facilities operating elevators, cable cars, escalators, etc.
In the event of a man-made disaster, compensation is paid to the victims by the insurance company.
The insurance rate for HIF and the maximum amount of compensation depends on the nature of the production and the amount of potential damage, which is determined by the expertise.
To conclude an insurance contract, the owner of the OPO applies to the insurance company of his choice, fills out an application and provides a package of documents. After carrying out an examination to assess the amount of potential damage, an HPO insurance contract is concluded.
Video about insurance of dangerous objects
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One Comment
Fukushima is immediately remembered. Here it becomes clear why insurance of such objects is mandatory. I am sure that insurance companies do not favor such clients too much, because, in the event of some kind of environmental disaster, the payments will be colossal. On the other hand, a hazardous facility is not necessarily some kind of "nuclear reactor". The tunnel can be like that too.
Grounds for insurance
According to Art. 4 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2010 No. 225-FZ "On Compulsory Insurance of Civil Liability of the Owner of a Hazardous Facility for Damage as a Result of an Accident at a Hazardous Facility" the entire service life of the facility.
Also, the requirements for concluding a compulsory insurance contract for the owner of an HIF are regulated by the Federal Law of July 21, 1997 No. 116-FZ "On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities».
Upon conclusion of the contract, the owner of the HIF is issued insurance policy which is valid for 1 year.
HPO insurance - this is the only way to effectively protect yourself from all kinds of negative consequences accidents at facilities, the operation of which is associated with significant risks (these include not only damage to the facility or its destruction, but also causing harm to third parties and the environment). The insurance policy is issued in the name of the owner of the HIF - the organization that operates the HIF. They can be like individual entrepreneur and a legal entity. The object of insurance is the property interests of the owner, which are associated with his obligation to compensate the injured party.
When the owner of a hazardous facility changes during the period of validity of the compulsory insurance contract, the rights and obligations of the policyholder under this contract are transferred to the new owner of the hazardous facility if new owner hazardous facility within 30 calendar days from the date of taking possession of the hazardous facility in writing notified the insurer about it.
Due to the fact that ECC "ExpertPro", being representative Insurance company "Ingosstrakh" , provides services for the provision of permits for the operation of hazardous industrial facilities (HIFs) and advising their owners, the Center's specialists can provide a full range of services for the HIF owner to comply with industrial safety requirements.
The cost of an OPO insurance policy
The insurance premium under the compulsory insurance contract (the cost of the policy) is determined as the product of the insured amount and insurance rate with the possibility of using an additional reduction factor.
* The sums insured are determined by Art. 6 of the Federal Law of 27.07.2010 No. 225-FZ and are subdivided into payments for facilities in respect of which the development of an industrial safety declaration is required and is not required.
** Base rates insurance rates were approved by the RF Government Decree of 01.10.2011 No. 808 “On the approval of insurance rates for compulsory civil liability insurance of the owner of a hazardous facility for harm caused by an accident at a hazardous facility, their structure and the procedure for applying by insurers when calculating insurance premiums”.
Basic rates of insurance rates
*** Possibility of using additional reducing coefficients for calculating the insurance premium (the cost of the policy) under certain conditions established by the Federal Law of July 27, 2010 No. 225-FZ.
An example of calculating the cost of an insurance policy:
For hazardous industrial facilities of the III class of hazard: the gas consumption network of the enterprise (boiler room).
Cost calculation without applying a reduction factor
Cost calculation using a reduction factor
The advantages of working with us:
- saving money because we do not charge any additional fees for the provision of services, the cost Insurance policy calculated only according to the standards set for legislative level,
- the possibility of using additional reducing coefficients when calculating the insurance premium,
- saving time, because to conclude a compulsory insurance contract, our specialists will come to you themselves and help you fill out all Required documents, and then they will bring the insurance policy at a convenient time and place for you,
- We can carry out insurance of hazardous objects in a complex when providing services for the development of documents in the field of industrial safety,
- free consultations in the field of industrial safety during the operation of hazardous facilities,
- representing the interests of the policyholder (owner of the OPO) in the insurance company, as well as consulting upon the occurrence insured event for the payment of the insurance amount to the victims for causing harm as a result of an accident at a hazardous facility *.
* In the event of an event that has signs of an insured event, we will advise the procedure, help to draw up the necessary documents and applications for the insurance claim to the victim.
Fines for lack of insurance
In accordance with Art. 9.19 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, operation of a hazardous facility, with the exception of the commissioning of a hazardous facility, in the absence of a compulsory insurance contract for civil liability of the owner of a hazardous facility for causing harm as a result of an accident at a hazardous facility - entails the imposition of an administrative fine
- for officials in the amount of 15,000 to 20,000 rubles,
- on legal entities- from 300,000 to 500,000 rubles.
The need for insurance
The need for this type of insurance was realized after several major accidents at production facilities, which resulted in great damage to third parties and the environment. An example of such an accident is the accident that occurred on December 3, 1984 in the Indian city of Bhopal at the enterprises of the American company Union Carbide (eng. Union carbide), and caused the death of at least 18 thousand people, of which 3 thousand died directly on the day of the tragedy, and 15 thousand - in subsequent years. According to various sources, the total number of victims is estimated at 150-600 thousand people. These figures give reason to consider the Bhopal tragedy the largest man-made disaster in the world in terms of the number of victims.
One of the consequences of this kind of accidents was the introduction of compulsory liability insurance of enterprises - sources of increased danger, or, so-called, hazardous production facilities. In the Russian Federation, until December 31, 2011, insurance of hazardous facilities is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 116-FZ "On industrial safety" and 117-FZ "On the safety of hydraulic structures." On January 1, 2012, Federal Law No. 225-FZ “On Compulsory Insurance of Civil Liability of the Owner of a Hazardous Facility for Damage as a Result of an Accident at a Hazardous Facility” came into force, which defines new insurance conditions for hazardous facilities.
What are hazardous production facilities
Dangerous objects are considered to be those objects, an accident at which may lead to harm to health, life or disruption of life of third parties. In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 225-FZ "On Compulsory Insurance of Civil Liability of the Owner of a Hazardous Facility for Damage as a Result of an Accident at a Hazardous Facility" (OBO), these types of enterprises include:
- Hazardous production facilities at which: a) are obtained, used, processed, formed, stored, transported, destroyed hazardous substances (flammable, oxidizing, combustible, explosive, toxic, highly toxic, as well as posing a threat to the environment), including filling stations with liquefied petroleum gases and (or) liquid motor fuel; b) equipment is used that operates under a pressure of more than 0.07 megapascals or at a water heating temperature of more than 115 degrees Celsius; c) permanently installed lifting mechanisms, escalators are used (including elevators and escalators in apartment buildings, as well as at trade, catering, administrative institutions and other facilities related to ensuring the life of citizens), cable cars, funiculars; d) melts of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys based on these melts are obtained; e) mining, mineral processing, and underground work are in progress;
- Hydraulic structures - dams, buildings of hydroelectric power plants, spillways, drainage and water outlets, tunnels, canals, pumping stations, shipping locks, ship lifts, structures designed to protect against floods and destruction of the banks of reservoirs, banks and bottom of river channels, structures (dams), enclosing storage facilities for liquid waste of industrial and agricultural organizations, devices from erosion on canals and other structures designed to use water resources and prevent the negative impact of water and liquid waste.
Organization of insurance
If the development of an industrial safety declaration is not provided, then the sum insured is determined on the basis of the following conditions:
On agreement of the parties sums insured can be increased. The size of the tariff rate is from 0.1 to 0.5% of the liability limit.
See also
Notes (edit)
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
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Insurance of especially dangerous objects today is mandatory for owners, as well as organizations that operate them.
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This moment is fixed at the legislative level. That is why today a very large number of insurance companies provide this service to their clients.
What it is
A hazardous production facility today is an object, during the use of which an incident may occur, causing serious damage to the property, life and health of third parties.
Anything that can have a negative impact on the environment is also classified as a hazardous facility. In the legislation in force in the territory Russian Federation, all types of hazardous production facilities are enshrined at the legislative level.
You should be aware that not a separate structure or equipment is recognized as a hazardous object, but the entire site on which the property falling under the definition is located.
But it happens that the enterprise as a whole is not a dangerous object. But it recognizes any of its separate subdivisions.
That is why it often happens that at an energy or other enterprise there are several tens or even hundreds of sites that are especially dangerous.
This moment is very important to consider when concluding an HPO insurance contract. Since the amount of the insurance premium directly depends on the property that is covered by the insurance coverage.
HIF insurance rules
As well as for other services of the type under consideration, the insurance of HIFs must necessarily be carried out on the basis of the insurance rules.
This document contains the following sections:
- "Terms and Definitions";
- "Subjects of insurance";
- "Insurance object";
- "Insurance risks and insured events";
- "Procedure for determining the sum insured";
- "Term of insurance";
- "The procedure for determining the insurance rate, insurance premium, insurance premium";
- "Conclusion of an insurance contract";
- "Rights and obligations of the parties";
- "The procedure for determining the amount of harm and making insurance payments";
- "Grounds for refusal to make insurance payments";
- "Settlement of disputes".
The paragraph entitled "Terms and definitions" contains the interpretation of the terms used in the insurance rules. This moment is very important for understanding the document.
Since if the policyholder does not familiarize himself with it, then there is a high probability of not understanding the terms of the agreement being concluded. In the section "Subjects of insurance" all parties to the insurance contract are indicated.
Most often, there are only three of these subjects:
There is a special item called "Insurance Object". It highlights the points related to the property interests of the policyholder. Since it is them who are protected by a special insurance program designed for OBO.
"Insured risks and insured events" - covers events, upon the occurrence of which the insurance company is obliged to fulfill its obligations.
The list of insurance risks can include a variety of events. All of them are negotiated in advance and included in the insurance agreement. Subsequently, it must be signed by the policyholder and the representative of the insurer.
The clause titled "Insurance period" indicates the duration of the contract being concluded. During the entire period, the insurance company is responsible for all risks.
Most often, the client, according to these rules, has the right to choose the duration of the insurance contract.
"The procedure for determining the insurance rate, premium, contribution" announces the prices for the provision of insurance services of the type in question.
Also, this section indicates all the factors that are taken into account when calculating the amount of the insurance premium that must be paid.
The concluded contract comes into force only after the receipt of the required amount Money to the account of the insurance company.
The paragraph entitled "Rights and obligations of the parties" contains all the information regarding the obligations arising from the policyholder and the insurer immediately after signing the agreement.
This section is one of the most important in this document. Since it is he who contains information regarding the rights of the client and the insurance company itself.
A fairly large number of different risks can be included in a contract of the type under consideration. At the same time, there is a list of exception cases, upon the occurrence of which the obligation to pay monetary compensation does not arise.
All information regarding this issue is indicated in the section entitled "Grounds for refusal to make insurance payments."
The very last paragraph of the rules under consideration is the "Dispute Resolution Procedure". Various situations often arise in which the insurance company and the insurer cannot find a common language. Most of these cases can be resolved through peaceful negotiations.
The procedure for resolving the situations under consideration is covered in this section. If a compromise solution was not found, then the policyholder or the insurer has every right to go to court to resolve the disputed cases.
The need for a policy
Insurance of hazardous objects is strictly obligatory, at the moment it is enshrined at the legislative level.
The main reason for this is the very high probability of causing damage to property, health, life of third parties when there is a risk.
Moreover, in most cases, the damage is extremely great. During an accident, many objects (for example, atomic ones) can hit an area many times larger than the area of the enterprise itself with radiation.
Organizations that own or operate hazardous facilities, doing any work on them, very often do not have enough funds to pay for the damage caused by the accident. At the same time, they carry civil liability... That is why it is imperative to insure the HIF.
Since a special program from a strong insurer will not only protect the property interests of the owner of the object, but also compensate for all damage caused to third parties.
Most insurance companies use reinsurance services. This allows the IC to reimburse the damage at the expense of the pool, even if it exceeds it. financial opportunities... Therefore, the insured should not be afraid of bankruptcy.
What concerns objects
OBOs include:
- facilities where various types of work are carried out with the following substances:
- highly flammable;
- rapidly oxidizing - this process causes a rapid increase in temperature, which leads to a fire;
- self-igniting;
- easily explosive;
- toxic.
- facilities where all kinds of equipment is used, the operation of which is carried out at an excess pressure of more than 0.07 megapascals with:
- gas, steam (any type);
- water (the temperature of which is more than 115 0 С);
- various other liquids that begin to boil at a pressure of 0.07 megapascals.
- objects on which various lifting mechanisms are installed and actively used: escalators, funiculars, cable cars (the exception is elevators, as well as lifting platforms for disabled people);
- objects where work with molten metal is performed on equipment with a capacity of at least 500 kg / h;
- facilities where mining operations are carried out by blasting operations;
- objects where the processing, use, storage of plant materials is carried out, as a result of which explosive mixtures are formed.
There is also a list of exceptions to the rule. Thus, many objects can be classified as dangerous according to their basic characteristics.
But at the same time, according to current legislation they are not. This applies to gas stations where you can buy liquid and gaseous fuels and other similar facilities. They cannot be insured under the type of program in question.
How is it done
The HPO insurance process is quite complicated. Since in most cases the insurance company that carries out it requires not only the provision of various kinds of documents, but also the inspection of the object by specialists.
Most often, the insurance process is as follows:
- the company's specialists inspect the insured production;
- the legal department examines all the documents provided in as much detail as possible.
And only after the completion of the preliminary two stages, the parties sign an insurance contract. Sometimes the process of preparing the signing of an agreement takes several months - until the insurance company analyzes all the factors that affect the likelihood of an insured event. The calculation of the amount of the insurance premium is carried out just on the basis of these factors.
What are the risks
The risk when concluding an insurance contract is harm to health, property, life, caused to third parties as a result of:
- radiation exposure;
- toxic effects;
- explosion.
Moreover, payment for the above risks is possible only if some very important conditions are met:
- claims of third parties for compensation for harm caused by the policyholder were put forward before the expiration of the limitation period;
- the accident at the facility occurred during the validity period of the insurance contract;
- there is a link between the accident and the conduct of permitted activities by the insured.
If at least one of the indicated conditions is violated, then it will simply not be possible to receive monetary compensation from the insurance company.
Problems in HPO insurance
Insurance of dangerous objects today is carried out by a fairly large number of very different companies. Despite the fact that the service in question has been provided for a long time, a variety of problems can arise when insuring HIFs.
They are due to the following:
- the authorized capital and insurance reserves of most of the companies are not large enough;
- insurance experience does not allow IC employees to objectively assess:
- insurance risk;
- Management of risks;
- damage caused as a result of an insured event.
If we solve the problem with authorized capital and small reserves can be done quite simply with the help of reinsurance, the rest of the issues continue to cause some difficulty.
This is especially true for the assessment of damage. In addition, many companies are trying to minimize their costs of paying compensation, and therefore sometimes underestimate the amount of compensation.
Amount of payments
The amount of insurance compensation is regulated by the legislation in force in the territory of the Russian Federation.
In the event of harm to third parties, they have the right to demand monetary compensation from the IC, but only within the amount specified in the insurance contract.
If the amount of damage is more than this value, then the difference is obliged to cover the policyholder himself. When calculating the amount of insurance payment, the minimum market price compensation for the damage caused. Moreover, regardless of its type.
If the damage was caused to health, then the IC must pay for the treatment of the victim. If any property is destroyed, the company must pay its full value.
If there are deaths, monetary compensation is also paid in favor of the victim's relatives. In addition, burial expenses are covered (usually at least 15 thousand rubles).
HPO insurance today is strictly compulsory - the absence of a valid insurance contract is the basis for the imposition of a serious fine.
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