Objects of VAT taxation. What is and is not subject to VAT List transactions that are not subject to VAT tax
What is not subject to VAT, see Article 146 of the Tax Code. First of all, these are operations that are not implementation. The code also contains a list of transactions that are not subject to VAT due to exemption. But it is dangerous to confuse them.
How to recover VAT from an advance payment -
What transactions are not subject to VAT?
There are two types of transactions on which companies and entrepreneurs have the right not to charge tax. The first type is transactions that are taxable. The second type is transactions that are exempt from VAT.
Transactions that are not subject to taxation
The Tax Code contains a list of transactions for which VAT is charged. To determine what is not subject to VAT, you need to look at paragraph 1 of Article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. If the operation does not meet the criteria from this article, then it is not an object. This means that this is an operation not subject to VAT. For example, these are penalties and fines that the company transfers under an agreement with the counterparty.
In addition, the Tax Code has a list of transactions that are not an object. Such transactions are not subject to VAT on the basis of paragraph 2 of Article 146 of the Tax Code.
First of all, these are transactions that, according to the law, are not sales (Article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). To understand in what cases a transaction is not subject to VAT, you need to look at paragraph 3 of Article 39 of the Tax Code. It lists operations that are not recognized as implementations. For example:
- transfer of assets to the legal successor during the reorganization of the company (subclause 2, clause 3, article 39 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- transfer of property to a participant in a business company within the limits of his initial contribution upon his withdrawal from the company, as well as upon liquidation of the company (subclause 5, clause 3, article 39 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- transactions involving the circulation of foreign currency, except for numismatics (subclause 1, clause 3, article 39 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- transfer of property, if such an operation is of an investment nature (subclause 4, clause 3, article 39 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
In addition to such transactions, transactions not subject to VAT include:
- gratuitous transfer of residential buildings, kindergartens, roads, electrical networks and other facilities to state authorities and local self-government (subclause 2, clause 2, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- transfer of property of state and municipal enterprises during privatization (subclause 3, clause 2, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- sale of land plots and shares in them (subclause 6, clause 2, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- transfer of property rights to the legal successor of the organization (subclause 7, clause 2, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
For some transactions that are exempt from VAT, an organization may pay this tax (i.e., refuse the exemption). The list of such operations is established in paragraph 3 of Article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The organization independently decides whether or not to use the exemption for such transactions.
If an organization applies an exemption, then VAT presented by suppliers of goods (work, services) used in such operations cannot be deducted. Include input tax amounts in the cost of such goods (works, services). How to pay VAT on tax-exempt transactions >>>
Transactions that are exempt from tax by law
The following transactions are exempt from VAT:
- sale of medical goods specified in the closed list (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 30, 2015 No. 1042, subparagraph 1, paragraph 2, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- sale to canteens of educational and medical institutions of food products produced by catering organizations (subparagraph 5, paragraph 2, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- transfer of goods and property rights to charity (subclause 12, clause 3, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- issuance of sureties and guarantees by non-banking organizations (subclause 15.3, clause 3, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- sale of residential buildings, premises and shares in them (subparagraph 22, paragraph 3, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- transfer for advertising purposes of goods, the cost of acquisition or creation of which does not exceed 100 rubles per unit (subclause 25, clause 3, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
A complete list of non-taxable VAT transactions can be found in Article 149 of the Tax Code.
Are VAT benefits available in 2019?
Olga Duminskaya answers,
Advisor to the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation, 2nd class
«
Yes. Companies still have the right not to impose taxes on the sale of goods, works, and services specified in Article 149 of the Tax Code. For example, there is no need to calculate VAT when transferring promotional items worth 100 rubles. and less.
Only the benefit for waste paper was canceled (Clause 2, Article 2 of the Federal Law of June 2, 2016 No. 174-FZ). At the same time, in this case, the buyer as a tax agent must charge VAT in the same manner as when purchasing scrap metal (clause 8 of Article 161 of the Tax Code). Therefore, buyers of waste paper can use the clarifications for companies purchasing scrap metal.»
Read about other changes to VAT.
What transactions are subject to VAT in 2019
Transactions subject to VAT include:
- sale on the territory of Russia of goods, works, services and collateral, including under an agreement on compensation or novation (subclause 1, clause 1, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- transfer of ownership of goods, results of work performed and provision of services free of charge (subclause 1, clause 1, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- transfer of goods, works and services for one’s own needs (subclause 2, clause 1, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- performing construction and installation work on your own for your own needs (subclause 3, clause 1, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
- import of goods into the territory of Russia (subclause 4, clause 1, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Please note that organizations and entrepreneurs have the right to receive VAT exemption. As a general rule, you can take advantage of the exemption if the revenue excluding VAT from the sale of goods (work, services) for the three previous consecutive calendar months did not exceed RUB 2,000,000. (Clause 1 of Article 145 of the Tax Code). Some features have VAT exemption conditions:
Example of calculating revenue for using VAT exemption:
LLC "Trading Company "Hermes"" sells non-excisable goods. From May 1, the organization decided to take advantage of the right to exemption from VAT.
To do this, the accountant determined the revenue from the sale of goods for the period February–April. At the same time, the accountant did not include advances received from buyers in the calculation. Revenue excluding VAT for the specified period amounted to:
– from the sale of fixed assets – 50,000 rubles;
– from the sale of non-excisable goods – RUB 1,450,000.
The total amount of revenue that is taken into account when determining the right to exemption from VAT is 1,500,000 rubles. (RUB 50,000 + RUB 1,450,000). It does not exceed 2,000,000 rubles. Therefore, from May 1, Hermes can take advantage of the exemption and not pay VAT on the sale of non-excise goods and other property not subject to excise taxes (fixed assets, materials, etc.).
An organization or individual entrepreneur using a VAT exemption is required to issue invoices. In such invoices, do not highlight the VAT amount, but make a note or stamp “Without tax (VAT).” But there are exceptions >>> In addition, there are cases when such companies and entrepreneurs must submit a declaration for this tax.
What services are not subject to VAT?
To understand whether services are subject to VAT or not, determine the place of their sale. If this is the territory of Russia, then tax will have to be charged (Article 148 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). How to issue an invoice for services - with or without VAT - depends on whether the services are included in the list of transactions. Services not subject to VAT in 2017 are listed in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 149 of the Tax Code.
We list which common services are not subject to VAT in Russia:
- medical services provided by medical organizations (subclause 2, clause 2, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- services for supervision and care of children in preschool education organizations, conducting classes in clubs and sections with minor children (subclause 4, clause 2, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- repair and maintenance services for goods under warranty without charging a fee (subclause 13, clause 2, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- funeral services (subclause 8, clause 2, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- services of sanatorium-resort and health-improving organizations (subclause 18, clause 3, article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Sales without VAT on a simplified basis
It is possible to conclude that sales are not subject to VAT due to the application of the simplified tax system based on the wording from the articles of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The simplified tax system is not subject to VAT on the basis of paragraph 2 of Article 346.11 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. This means that the contract under the simplified taxation system indicates prices without VAT.
You can work without VAT based on the wording of Article 346.11 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation:
Organizations applying the simplified taxation system are not recognized as taxpayers of value added tax, with the exception of value added tax payable in accordance with this Code when importing goods into the territory of the Russian Federation and other territories under its jurisdiction (including tax amounts subject to payment upon completion of the customs procedure of the free customs zone on the territory of the Special Economic Zone in the Kaliningrad Region), as well as value added tax paid in accordance with Articles 161 and 174.1 of this Code.
The company's primary documents are also issued without VAT due to the use of a simplified taxation system.
The company used a common system in 2018. Since 2019, the company has switched to a simplified system. In 2018, the buyer made an advance payment. The company will ship the goods against the advance payment in 2019. How to deal with value added tax? VAT calculation depends on
Chapter 26.2 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides for concessions for simplified companies, therefore their operations are not subject to VAT on the basis of paragraph 2 of Article 346.11.
Such companies do not issue invoices in accordance with the same paragraph from Article 346.11 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, even with the mark “without VAT”. An exception is when you will have to issue an invoice and transfer VAT:
- the organization is a commission agent or agent who acquires or sells goods on its own behalf, but in the interests of the principal or principal;
- the organization is a tax agent for VAT;
- the organization is a participant in a simple partnership agreement that conducts common affairs, or a trustee, and under this agreement receives advances or ships goods.
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What business activities are not subject to VAT? Which article of the Tax Code (TC) of the Russian Federation contains this information?
Answer
Chapter 21 of the Tax Code describes all the important points regarding value added tax. It also contains information that it is not subject to VAT.
The state tax is not charged in 2 cases:
- if the activity itself is not taken into account by law as an object for taxation (Article 146 of the Tax Code);
- if the business is directly exempt from payments to the budget as an exception (Article 149 of the Tax Code).
Not subject to VAT on the basis of Art. 146 NK:
An object that is not considered an implementation. For example, this is the transfer of property assets during the reorganization of a company to new companies, foreign currency exchange transactions, the return of a share from the authorized capital upon closure of an enterprise or if the founder leaves the management team of the organization.
Real estate that is transferred to citizens based on the privatization procedure.
Housing, communal, cultural, social facilities, if they are transferred “under the wing” of government bodies free of charge (for example, roads, kindergartens, electric and gas networks, residential high-rise buildings, sanatoriums, plumbing communications, etc.).
Inheritance of property or intangible goods subject to monetary value.
Sale of land plots (both entirely and their shares).
Transfer of funds or property to non-profit companies.
Services and work carried out to reduce unemployment and open new employment opportunities for people with disabilities.
Organization of international sporting events.
Sale of material assets owned by state or municipal authorities, which are purchased by legal entities and entrepreneurs related to small businesses.
Realization of property rights and material assets of an organization or individual declared bankrupt in court.
For tax purposes, it is important to correctly separate objects that are subject to VAT under the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and that are exempt from this state tax. Experts will be able to help in this matter.
Transactions not subject to VAT in accordance with Art. 149 NK:
Services for the provision of apartments, houses or other premises for residential purposes (both for free use and under a rental agreement).
Providing office or retail premises for foreign citizens, foreign companies accredited in the Russian Federation.
Sale of medical equipment included in the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation in Resolution No. 1042 of 2015.
Manufacturing of medicines, prostheses, lenses and glasses, orthopedic products.
Providing medical services to the population.
Social services: care for the elderly, the sick who are unable to move independently, and the disabled.
Organization of resorts and sanatoriums.
Organization of catering points in educational institutions and hospitals.
Providing additional educational services to children of school and preschool age (for example, organizing hobby groups, tutoring, sports clubs).
Archival activities.
Sale of ritual objects (icons, holy books, religious body jewelry).
Transportation of passengers on transport supported by the municipal budget (trams, buses, metro, river or sea trams).
Issuance of independent guarantees from companies or individuals. Is the issuance of guarantees by banks subject to VAT? Yes, they pay tax.
Transfer of property or funds for charitable purposes.
Housing and communal services.
Implementation of insurance.
Banking transactions (for example, opening deposits, transferring funds from one account to another).
The above list is incomplete: it includes only the most frequently encountered areas of activity.
You can view the full list.
In 2019-2021, some VAT exceptions will cease to apply, and the state will be required to pay contributions for them. Translation will help individual entrepreneurs or commercial enterprises understand the new accounting rules and reduce the tax burden.
Value added tax - one of the indirect taxes of the Russian Federation, taken into account in the price of almost any product or service in the country.
Russian state budget by 25% is provided by the proceeds from the collection of this tax. We will talk about what is not subject to VAT in Russia and what this means in the article.
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Concept
What does it mean “Not subject to VAT”? Any commercial activity on the territory of the Russian Federation that involves making a profit is subject to VAT - indirect tax, withdrawing part of the cost of goods, services or works in favor of the state budget.
There are 3 VAT rates in the Russian Federation:
![](https://i2.wp.com/pravapot.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/0065.jpg)
There is an extensive list of goods, services and works that not subject to VAT, that is, no tax is levied on organizations and individual entrepreneurs producing such goods or providing services, and the taxpayer does not have to issue invoices certifying the shipment of goods or the provision of services and work.
Also, the cost of VAT is not included by the manufacturer or service provider included in the price goods, services or work.
Transactions that are not subject to VAT should not be confused with transactions that are subject to a 0% VAT rate.
Transactions, activities, services and goods not subject to taxation are produced on the territory of the Russian Federation in relation to Russian tax residents, and a 0% VAT rate applies to export goods and services.
Thus, transactions, services or goods not subject to taxation are preferential, and their list is approved by government bodies of the Russian Federation.
Is it possible to get a tax deduction for training in a driving school? find out right now.
Services
What services are not subject to VAT? The Tax Code of the Russian Federation establishes list of services that are not subject to VAT. This list includes:
![](https://i1.wp.com/pravapot.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/000018_975386_big.jpg)
Operations
What transactions are not subject to VAT? The following transactions are not subject to VAT:
![](https://i1.wp.com/pravapot.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Bankovskie_operacii_4.jpg)
Additionally exempt from payment
What else is not subject to VAT? The activities of individual entrepreneurs and organizations related to small businesses that have switched to a special tax regime are not subject to VAT. simplified taxation system(USN).
Enterprises and individual entrepreneurs that have switched to the simplified tax system pay a single tax according to the “Income” or “Income minus expenses” schemes and do not pay VAT.
Also, VAT is not charged to enterprises and individual entrepreneurs that have switched to the tax regime agricultural manufacturers.
The list of goods and services not subject to VAT changes from time to time due to decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders and letters of ministries and other by-laws.
Exemption from such tax is strictly regulated, therefore organizations and individual entrepreneurs carrying out activities or operations not subject to VAT are controlled by tax supervision and control authorities.
In accordance with paragraph 7 of Art. 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, legal and physical business entities whose activities are aimed at obtaining benefits by a third party cannot be exempted from paying value added tax. That is, intermediaries who sell goods (works, services) pay tax according to the general rules.
According to clause 2 of Article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, in 2014 the sale (including transfer and use for one’s own needs) is exempt from taxation on the territory of Russia:
- domestic and foreign medical goods and medical services (except for sanitary-epidemiological, veterinary and cosmetic);
- food products manufactured by canteens of medical or educational institutions, the sales of which were carried out in the specified organizations;
- care services for disabled people, as well as elderly and sick people, if the need for such care is confirmed in the manner prescribed by law;
- services for the maintenance of children in various educational institutions, conducting classes with minor children in clubs, sections, studios;
- passenger transportation services, if these services are provided at uniform tariffs;
- funeral goods and services;
- postal goods (stamps, marked envelopes and postcards);
- shares in mutual funds and shares in the authorized capital of organizations, securities;
- maintenance and repair services during the warranty period, if there are no additional charges;
- restoration and repair work carried out during the restoration of monuments of culture and art, religious buildings that are protected by the state;
- services for which state or patent fees are charged, as well as all types of registration and licensing fees;
- arts and cultural services provided by non-profit institutions;
- maintenance work for aircraft and ships;
- rights to inventions, rights to use intellectual property.
The list of the above goods and services is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation and the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Based on clause 3 of Art. 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation in 2014 the following transactions are not subject to taxation:
- sale or transfer for personal use of religious goods;
- banking operations (other than collection) carried out by banks;
- services for non-state pension provision, insurance operations;
- operations for the sale of rough diamonds, precious metals and other industrial goods containing precious metals;
- loan transactions, both in cash and in securities;
- operations with precious metals and precious stones;
- research work carried out using funds from the budget;
- cash service operations;
- services of health-improving and sanatorium-resort organizations;
- operations for the sale of residential premises and houses;
- transactions for the assignment of the creditor's rights under obligations.
The entire list of these transactions is approved by the Tax Code.
All of the above operations are exempt from taxation if the taxpayer has a license to carry out this activity.
List of enterprises that are not VAT payers in 2014
In accordance with the legislation in force in the Russian state, organizations and individual enterprises are not required to pay value added tax to the budget if an individual or legal entity applies the taxation regime for agricultural producers, works under a simplified taxation system, has been transferred to the single tax regime, or has received an exemption from payment of VAT.
Non-payers of this tax are foreign organizers of the 2014 Sochi Olympic and Paralympic Games.
However, there are exceptions to these rules.
Firstly, when moving across the customs borders of the Russian Federation, the import of goods from abroad is taxed.
Secondly, in accordance with paragraph 5 of Art. 173 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, enterprises that are exempt from paying tax or are on a special taxation system are required to pay tax if they issue invoices to customers, and the amount of tax is allocated in them.
In addition, if an enterprise, in addition to activities that are subject to special tax regimes, carries out taxable activities, then in relation to them they are obliged to calculate and pay VAT on the basis of the general regime.
VAT evaders do not issue invoices and do not indicate the amount of VAT in payment documents. They also do not keep records of this tax and submit reports.
Exemption from value added tax in 2014
Article 145 provides for an exemption from VAT if in the last three months the volume of revenue from products sold by the organization does not exceed the limit of two million rubles and there is no turnover of excisable products and no import operations are carried out. This exemption does not apply to the duties of a tax agent.
To obtain such an exemption in 2014, before the twentieth day of the month from which the exemption will be granted, submit the following list of documents to the tax office at the place of actual registration:
- written notice, which can be drawn up in any form;
- statement from the balance sheet;
- a copy of the invoice journal;
- extract from the sales book.
In some cases, the tax authority may supplement this list at its discretion.
Exemption from VAT is given for one year, during which the taxpayer does not have the right to independently refuse it. Besides:
The payer, having received the exemption, does not get rid of the need to submit a VAT return to the tax office, keep a sales book, draw up invoices (they must indicate “Without VAT”) and keep invoice journals, as well as submit a declaration.
This is the main difference between entities that are not tax payers and entities that are exempt from paying it.
If the amount of income from the sale of goods for three consecutive calendar months exceeds the limit allowed by the Tax Code, then from the first day of the month in which the excess is recorded, the exemption automatically expires and the enterprise is subject to VAT.
Preparation of invoices in 2014
An invoice is the main document giving the right to pay and refund VAT. As mentioned above, enterprises that do not pay VAT do not issue invoices to their customers.
However, the situation is such that enterprises subject to value added tax try not to buy goods (work, services) from non-payers. Therefore, in order to maintain clientele, VAT non-payers allocate this tax in their invoices. Based on clause 1 and clause 5 of Art. 173 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, if a VAT defaulter issues an invoice to the buyer, he is assigned the obligation to calculate the amount of VAT and pay it to the state budget. The amount of tax that must be paid will be equal to the amount indicated in the invoice provided to the buyer of goods (works, services).
Enterprises that have received VAT exemption do not indicate the amount of tax in the invoices issued. At the same time, such an invoice is stamped with the appropriate stamp or the inscription “Without VAT” is written. In the case where an organization exempt from VAT indicates the tax rate in the issued invoice, then on the basis of clause 5 of Art. 169 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, this invoice is considered to be drawn up with a gross violation, and the buyer of goods (work, services) will not have the right to apply a VAT deduction.
Filling out the declaration in 2014
Based on clause 5 of Art. 174 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, which came into force in January 2014, a VAT return will be required to be submitted by individuals and legal business entities, including tax evaders, if they issue an invoice and indicate the VAT amount in it.
Taking into account the amendments to the Tax Code in 2014, the VAT return will be submitted to the tax authority only in electronic form.
However, persons who are VAT defaulters, or have received an exemption from paying it, retained the right to submit a declaration in 2014 in the old way, in paper form.
VAT – value added tax, is mandatory for all types of business activities, provision and provision of various services and certain operations. It is worth taking a closer look at what and who are subject to VAT taxation.
Taxpayers and objects of taxation
- Organizations of various forms of ownership, individuals engaged in private entrepreneurship.
- Persons who are engaged in the movement of goods or provision of services within the territory of the customs union.
- When drawing up agreements for trust management of any property - the person who performs this management.
The objects of legal VAT taxation are:
- Sale of any types of goods or provision of any work or services to someone with or without entrepreneurial rights.
- The process of transferring legal rights to ownership and use of property.
- Transfer of legal rights to any material goods, goods, work products and services, on a free or barter basis.
- Construction for own use and implementation of the installation process.
- The process of importing goods from abroad into Russia during its registration with the Russian customs authorities.
It is also worth considering the list of objects that are not subject to VAT taxation:
- Performed conversion operations of national and foreign currencies.
- Transferred fixed assets on the basis of legal succession in the process of implementing reorganization measures.
- The process of providing property to organizations that are not commercial and do not carry out entrepreneurial activities.
- Investment form of investment, transfer of a land share to a share community.
- When a business community is created, the first entry contribution, the values transferred upon leaving it, as well as during its liquidation, are not subject to VAT.
- Additional measures aimed at reducing the tense situation in the labor market.
- Privatization of residential premises.
- Free transfer of property belonging to the budget or local treasury for use by non-profit enterprises.
- Confiscation of property, the process of transferring ownerless and once lost objects and things for use.
- Sales of goods by entities organizing and holding the Olympic Winter Games.
- Sale of a plot of land or a share in it.
- Provision of infrastructure facilities for operation by state local authorities, as well as local governments.
- Transfer of fixed assets into ownership for operation by government authorities.
- The process of privatization of property when it is purchased from the state.
This information is specified in more detail in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, including information about objects subject to VAT taxation, available in Article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Main objects of taxation
The main and most important object of VAT taxation is the process of selling and selling items, providing or rendering services on a paid basis. These actions are mandatory to be carried out by VAT taxpayers exclusively on the territory subject to the Russian Federation. It is primarily the proceeds that are received in the process of selling goods that are subject to taxation.
VAT is charged at a certain tax base, which is the cost of the goods, and at a set tax rate depending on the classification of goods or services sold into a certain category.
The tax base is calculated precisely at the time of receipt of goods or transfer of an advance payment, making full payment.
Interesting video about objects subject to VAT:
Examples
Sales of any goods and services on the territory of the Russian Federation. For example, I have a store in which I am going to sell some products, for example, a cosmetics store. I have registered a business and have a license to conduct private entrepreneurial activities. I am a registered taxpayer. In this case, I am a VAT payer carrying out retail sales of goods. I must pay VAT at an interest rate of 18%. I pay these amounts at the time of payment for the goods shipped to me by the wholesale supplier. I include the VAT amount in the price of each product and present it to the final consumer, that is, the buyer.
Providing services. For example, a private hairdresser. And we provide services based on paid relationships with clients. So, I am again a payer and pay the mandatory VAT, which is then included in the cost of the services provided by my organization.
When goods are purchased abroad or goods are imported. I order a certain product abroad by concluding an agreement with the supplier. When my goods are checked at the border, VAT must be paid during the customs registration process, regardless of whether I sell the goods or whether I have it lying on my shelves for years. The importation of items with subsequent sale into the territory of the Russian Federation is subject to VAT, so its payment will occur in any case, otherwise I will not receive the goods.
These examples are far from perfect and are aimed at bringing closer to understanding the essence of the issue under consideration.
So, the basic objects of taxation for VAT according to Art. 149 are the following operations:
- results of sales of various types of goods;
- transfer of one's property for use by another person;
- carrying out construction for one's own benefit;
- transportation of goods from abroad.
The main object of VAT taxation is the revenue received by an entrepreneur in the process of resale of goods to the final consumer. The tax must be paid, and strict reporting is also carried out on it.
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