Layout 6 acres with a garden and greenhouses. Layout of a summer cottage - effective and grammatical zoning schemes (99 photos)
Almost every urban family has a summer cottage, so the smallest summer cottages are most popular in our country. If you are just going to purchase it or want to change its appearance, we recommend that you read this material, in which we will tell you, and also show on the diagrams how the planning of a 6-hundred-acre site can be done with your own hands.
Start planning
In our material, we will consider the layout of a standard summer cottage area of \u200b\u200b6 hundred parts with dimensions of 30 mx 20 m. Such a rectangular shape is most often found in practice.
We will draw the schemes in the Garden Planner program, as the most convenient and simple among the programs for site planning, a complete list of which you can find in our previous material here.
We will also be guided by the existing rules for the location of the house on the site, which we also considered in the previous article.
Let us consider a variant of the plot, on one side of which the forest is adjacent, on the other hand, it borders on the passage, and on two sides to which adjacent sections adjoin.
The shape and size of our site
Also on our site we want to locate:
Bath / arbor;
Parking space / garage;
Well / well;
Fruit trees;
Rest area;
This is not the whole list of desired objects, but unfortunately, in a small area of \u200b\u200b6 acres, you have to sacrifice something.
Location of site facilities
There are several ways you can start planning your site yourself:
Proceed from the location of objects;
Based on the location of communications.
In the first case, we focus on the house and outbuildings. In the second case - on communication, or rather on the best place for water. Since on a plot of 6 acres the choice of location for a well or a well is small, we will consider the layout of a summer cottage in the first type - based on the location of the facilities.
House for a standard plot of 6 acres
If you have not started designing a house, then it's time to discuss the optimal dimensions of the house for such a land plot.
It is believed that the area of \u200b\u200bthe house should not exceed 10% of the land area.
In our case, it turns out that the area of \u200b\u200bthe first floor can be about 60 square meters, that is, a house of 6 mx 10 m, or, for example, 7 mx 8 m. These rules are conditional, so we take for example a small country house of 8 m x 8 m
We decided on the size of the house. We select an object in the program and apply it to the plot:
In the previous article, we considered several types of site layout depending on the house landing: central, deep and front. But before moving on to the type of landing, we recall that according to SNiP we need:
Therefore, first we suggest you draw a "zone of the possible location of the house", which will take into account all the nuances. In our example, we will assume that all the houses: neighboring and ours will be of wood, but the neighbors built them at a distance of 10 m from the fence. Therefore, we can position the house only as follows:
Of course, in this case, the choice is small and involves only the front version of the layout. The plot may not adjoin the dense forest, and the neighboring houses may be stone. But the principle should be like that. In any case, before starting the construction of the house, ask the chairman of the SNT or the administration where you will be able to carry out the building.
Bathhouse or gazebo
In our case, a garden plot of 6 acres, building a bathhouse is not possible, since the distance from the house should be at least 8 m, but the presence of a forest does not allow us to build this object at a distance of less than 15 m. Therefore, we will consider the construction of a gazebo with barbecue facilities.
In this case, we need to retreat from the fence 3 m (consider the capital structure):
Communications
The next important step is the choice of a place for a well or a well and a septic tank. As we have already mentioned, the location of a well or well may depend on where the water lies. But it is also worth considering the following rules and sanitary standards:
The distance from the well to the foundation of the house should be at least 3-5 m.
The maximum distance from the sources of "infection" (compost pits, toilets, garages, etc. ...) including neighboring areas.
We take into account the convenience of further installation of the water supply system.
To determine the location of a septic tank, first of all, its type should be taken into account. The basic layout rules are the following distances:
In any case, when choosing a place for a septic tank, we try to coordinate with our neighbors and make our site as environmentally friendly as possible. But also do not forget that for pumping out storage septic tanks, it will be necessary to ensure the accessibility of the access road of the dump truck.
In our case, of course, it is difficult to comply with all the rules for the location of a septic tank and a well, so we chose the most environmentally friendly option (i.e. the septic tank and the well as far apart as possible).
Parking space and garage
First of all, it is worth planning a place for a car in a country house so that there is a minimum distance from the gate of the roadway. First of all, so as not to go all over the site to the parking lot. In this example of a country layout, we will consider the placement of a garage for 1 car + additional space for parking guest cars in front of the garage. According to sanitary standards (SNiP 2.07.01-89) it is necessary that:
In our layout, it will look something like this:
Garden
Even the most ossified city dwellers, acquiring a site, sooner or later tend to the decision to make a “couple of beds”. In our case, we will consider a garden of four beds 1 mx 4 m in size and a polycarbonate greenhouse of 3 m x 4 m in size. According to the standards, it is recommended that the distance from the greenhouse to the fence be at least 1 m. also a shadow from neighboring buildings.
Also do not forget that it is better to plan the garden as far as possible from pollution sources (garage, septic tank, compost, toilet, etc. ...)
Track
After we have decided on the location of the main buildings of the summer cottage, you need to plan the tracks. It all depends on your imagination and the location of garden objects.
Rest zone
The layout of the recreation area largely depends on your way of relaxing, as well as on the remaining free space. On a plot of 6 acres, it is difficult to foresee a football field or even a volleyball court. Therefore, we limited ourselves to:
A place under the barbecue - located near the gazebo and at a decent distance from the house according to fire safety.
Playground with sandpit, trampoline and swing.
And several sun loungers on the central platform with a lawn.
Garden and flowers
In many ways, the planning of trees, flowers, and shrubs in the plots depends on the requirements of the plants themselves for a particular solar regime. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these factors in each case individually. In addition to this, it is necessary to observe certain rules on the location to the borders of the neighboring section:
In our case, we will fence the house from the roadway with conifers. We will plant fruit trees on the south side, as well as on the west. In the northern part of the site, where the shadow from the housing will be half a day, we will plant shrubs that can grow in the shade (for example, not blueberries). Along the house we will plant flower beds.
Site Planning Principles
So, a plot of 6 acres planned. We have shown only one of many planning methods. But the most important thing is to master the principles of cottage design:
Make a list of desired objects on the site.
Select the order of objects by importance: house, additional buildings, communications, garden objects, etc ...
Take into account the landscape, the location of neighboring land and objects on them, as well as adjacent territories.
Be guided by fire safety rules and building regulations.
You can download our scheme of a plot of 6 acres for the Garden Planner 3 program from the link.
Reading time ≈ 4 minutes
With the advent of the warm season, a significant number of people rush out of town closer to nature, as there is no nicer activity than relaxing in your own summer cottage. In turn, the quality of this type of recreation directly depends on the competent and efficient use of a small area, usually 6 acres of land. The question often arises - how to plan a plot of 6 acres and create on it your own unique little paradise?
Usually there are two initial options: the site is empty and any objects are located on the site. With any of these options, the scheme of actions for improvement of the territory begins with thinking over and drawing up a planning scheme.
It is imperative that in the preliminary scheme during the planning of the garden plot of 6 acres, it is necessary to provide for the location of the main structure, additional buildings (outbuildings, baths), a toilet, rest places, as well as communications. It is worth noting that when preparing the scheme, it is necessary to take into account a number of standards, including sanitary and hygiene standards, which are established for conducting collective gardening.
Most lovers of summer holidays prefer to rest with a guy in their own bath. Bath broom is an integral attribute of a real summer resident. It is for this reason that it is worth considering the various layout options for a 6 acres plot with a house and a bathhouse. A bathhouse or sauna can be located either directly in the main building (an extension or a basement), or be executed as separate buildings. After determining the place where the bath will be located, it is imperative to take care of the issue of laying the necessary communications - electricity, water, as well as sewage for removal and collection of waste. Excavation is the first step in the implementation of the plans for the planning of a summer cottage.
Layout options
The first option is the most common due to its simplicity both in construction and in operation. The second option involves the installation of a tank in the ground, usually made of several concrete rings, in which waste products will accumulate. The second option is most preferable when planning a plot of 6 acres with a toilet located in the house, due to hygiene and safety for human health. We must not forget that the septic tank must be cleaned periodically. This work is done by a special machine. To this end, in order to be able to perform such a function in the garden area, it is necessary to provide a check-in for the car, with the help of which, among other things, the septic tank will be cleaned.
Location of facilities on a plot of 6 acres
Well, what kind of rest in the country without beds, beds and barbecue? Places for the arrangement of these zones are distributed after the arrangement of the main facilities. As practice shows, even on 6 acres of land it is possible to arrange all of the above. The recreation area is usually planted with lawn grass, paths are laid out on it, places with fruit stands are visually and constructively separated from the main zone for the convenience of care and watering. In the recreation area can be installed gazebo with barbecue or barbecue. A small pond can also be dug or a frame or inflatable pool can be installed. The final touch in a unique country image is landscape design, which is created in accordance with the characteristics of each particular site. Landscaping is available to both seasoned summer resident and beginner.
It’s very interesting to do the planning of your summer cottage, because you can come up with a bunch of all kinds of interesting solutions.
In order to beautifully and qualitatively ennoble the territory, you need to have some knowledge.
Our article will help you step by step to complete the basic work and decorate your site.
Where to begin?
Before starting work, you need to make a plan. Reflect your site on it, draw its shape, display all the buildings and be sure to take into account the terrain, streams can flow in such areas.
Consider also the location of your territory, in a low or elevated location is your home. If the cottage is built under the mountain and streams fall on the site, then its arrangement will take a lot of time and effort.
The layout of the territory implies dividing it into zones, this is a residential zone, recreation area, garden and outbuildings. For each building, you need to allocate a specific place and set the area.
The living area, that is, your house, should occupy about 25% of the space, the toilet, bathhouse and barn should fit in 15-17% of the area.
The largest place on the site, as always, is reserved for the garden, it means that you can plant and grow berries, fruit trees, favorite flowers, build an artificial pond, build a gazebo, in general, make the area beautiful and ennobled.
The first thing they build on the site is, of course, the house. Everyone builds it in a different place, someone in the center, someone likes the house to occupy the first line, immediately after the gate.
A gazebo or terrace is built not far from the house, closer to the garden, so that while relaxing, enjoy the fresh air and the aroma of trees. The playground is also placed closer to the gazebo, it is possible at its level or behind it.
The toilet, bathhouse and shed should occupy a place closer to the fence. In this case, they will remain invisible on the site and will not take up space.
There is no single type of beautification of a summer cottage, since the territories of all are different both in size and in shape. The standard type of parcel is a square or rectangle.
On their territory, summer residents are very fond of creating rockeries from stones, plants and a reservoir.
Site planning, the process is creative and interesting, but to make the cottage cozy and beautiful, it will not be superfluous to see some of the work of landscape designers.
Draw a diagram
After you have decided on the place of buildings in the territory, mark them on paper and draw. So, you will visually facilitate your work, and you will surely imagine what where to place it, namely:
- Where will the house stand, which side of the plot will be the entrance.
- A place for outbuildings.
- Where do you put the gazebo and the playground.
- The direction of the tracks.
- A place for flower beds and a pond.
- Communications.
Strictly observing the sequence of buildings, the main place on the site belongs to the house, then we build a garage, sheds, a bathhouse and a toilet.
Last of all, choose a place for the gazebo, barbecue area, outdoor shower, etc. The garden and garden have enough space, depending on what you plan to plant there.
Layout according to size
Depending on how many hundredths of the cottage area is occupied and the location of the buildings should be designed.
If the site is not more than 6 acres, then with proper zoning of the territory, you can build everything you need. A house on such a site will turn out no more than 20-25 square meters. m., parking - about 7 square meters. m., garden - not more than 100 square meters. m
If your site is large, from 12 to 15 acres, then this will lead to a serious project, on which you will have to work hard.
According to the standard plan, everything will be possible to build here and even large objects, for example, the house here will be simply huge, with a summer terrace and ample parking.
When developing a development plan for your site yourself, take into account all the nuances regarding the construction and placement of summer cottage facilities. Use a clear work plan and follow the advice of experienced craftsmen.
Photo of a successful layout of a summer cottage
6-hundredth sites are now increasingly moving from hand to hand, acquired by inheritance and new ones are allocated for sale. The prices are reasonable. It is attractive to have a piece of your own land at least for relaxation, and modern agricultural methods allow you to organize a profitable commodity economy or effective help for your family on it. But the layout, arrangement and design of the 6 hectare site with your own hands is not an easy task. In contrast to them, in everyday life, the rules for arranging building plots are normalized much more strictly. Small sections are located and not distributed singly in a clean field. Violations of standards are immediately visible to them, and their consequences for third parties are quickly and obvious. This publication is intended to help readers resolve their own problems.
What first and then what
It would seem - what are the problems? In the free distribution there are many computer programs for landscape design. Winter is more than enough to design an earthly paradise in any of them, and the heat has come - dig, build, plant. And enjoy the fruits of your labor.
Yes, a computer with suitable software is the most powerful assistant in the business, which quite recently drove to the despair of experienced urban planners - the dense development of compact arrays of small plots. In fig. - examples of landscape design of small plots performed in various computer programs available for use by untrained users. And we will remember them again. But, firstly, the computer does not know how to think. It is only a means to quickly and easily get the final result, which the user must clearly understand in advance. Simply: before asking a computer - and how? - you need to ask a question - but what do I want? And give yourself a clear answer to it.
Secondly, beauty is the result of landscape design, and comfort is the technically correct arrangement of the site. Design is an art. Any art is based on a material basis and its fruit will not be worthy if the foundation is bad. That is, we again rest against technology. And the technical equipment of the land is strictly standardized. Your house is your fortress, but the area on which it stands already affects neighbors and just outsiders, just like they do on it. The mutual influence of small closely knocked pieces of land is especially strong. Therefore, a complete arrangement of 6 acres with their own hands is made in the wake. order:
- Surveys are conducted on the ground and according to the documents for the site;
- A sketch of the layout is compiled in compliance with regulatory requirements, see below;
- Distances to places sensitive to pollution are determined: open water bodies, child care facilities, places of mass recreation, recreation facilities, and its external sources - treatment facilities, livestock farms, industrial enterprises that produce harmful emissions and effluents;
- A development and construction scheme is being developed;
- An original layout of the site design is created;
- Based on the results of paragraphs. 1-5 a development project is being developed;
- If the site is in individual use, the project is approved by the local sanitary control authorities, by firefighters, then by the land management, urban planning and architecture authorities;
- On visas from clause 7, a building permit is issued in the local municipality;
- If the site is part of a country partnership, an array for individual development, a low-rise village, etc. collective ownership, instead of paragraphs 8 and 9, a building permit from the board or other governing body is sufficient;
- Based on the permissions in paragraphs 8 and 9, design work is carried out on site.
Note: a building project is not a project of a house, a hozblok or, say, a bathroom. Projects of buildings on the site are developed separately and must meet the requirements for them developed during the development of the development project. That is, a development project is a primary document with a higher priority.
The material in this article contains recommendations for the independent implementation of paragraphs. 1-4 and partially (up to the preliminary design inclusively), p. 5. Working designing in accordance with all norms and rules and subsequent ordeal at the instances are other big topics. The optimal solution for the average developer is to give their sketches to a specialized construction and design company for revision. After 2 weeks - 3 months. You will receive a ready-made project with all necessary permissions and additional papers for a feasible payment.
Researches in place and in papers
A 6-hundredth piece does not create complexity in everything. Due to its small size, the natural conditions within it can be considered constant. Therefore, expensive geological surveys on the spot will not be needed, unless the land documents indicate that building is possible only by geological results. The case is not so rare - areas with weak and / or unstable soil are sold very cheaply. Therefore, if you are still planning to acquire land for development, be sure to check in papers for it - but what about geology? If everything is clean, preliminary surveys include:
- Reconciliation at the site of the plan in the scale with orientation to the countries of the world. There is no such - milestones, tape measure and a compasses, compass, self-shooting and tracing.
- On-site determination of the direction, nature and magnitude of the slope of the soil. Tools - milestones, cord-mooring, construction level, tape measure.
- Determining the direction of the prevailing winds separately in the warm and cold season. Method - we are looking on the Internet for a climate map of a given area and / or a wind rose for it. We specify in the local weather service. They must give information for free.
- Determining the direction and magnitude of the underground flow in the area. Information must be on the board of the partnership or village, with the owner of the massif and in the construction department of the municipality. They should also be given free of charge: the cost of this information is always included in the state fee and commission for the purchase of land for development.
Norms and Requirements
Site development is regulated by SNiP 2.07.01-89 “Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements ”and SNiP 2.01.02-85“ Fire safety standards ”. The SNiP recommendations to some extent also take into account the norms of agricultural technology and traffic rules. But, for your information, the dense development of tight arrays of small plots is such a Gordian knot of problems that you cannot do with SniPs either - either you won’t be able to place everything that is desirable according to modern comfort requirements, or you will have to violate something, hoping what will take out. To meet the standards (which is still possible), you must first comply with the rules for the location of buildings on the site (see also the figure on the right):
![](https://i2.wp.com/vopros-remont.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/raspolozhenie-stroenij-na-malyh-uchastkah-ne-sootve.jpeg)
And what does it mean?
In practice, these formal requirements need to consider the following:
- Distances are not considered between the geometric centers of objects in the plan, but between their nearest points. That is, if, for example, a cesspool 1 m in diameter is exactly on the side of the house 4x6 m, then the distance between them along the ground should be from 15 + (6/2 \u003d 3) + (1/2 \u003d 0.5) \u003d 18.5 m.
- The standard size of a car garage is 4x7m; so established on the basis of the safety requirements of people in the garage. Even if you have an old “buzzer” or you managed to buy a Ford KA on the go and built a garage for it tightly, in case of complaints to you about this, a 4x7 m contour will be drawn on the ground and it will be considered from it whether you met the standards location of buildings or not.
- The minimum permissible width of the road is the initial automobile size of 2.7 m plus 1 m of the right-of-way on both sides, i.e. 4.7 m. Which is limited by the very red lines.
If we recall that a plot of 6 acres is at best a 20x30 m rectangle, then it immediately becomes clear that it is impossible to fulfill all of these requirements on it. Therefore, we’ll think about how it can be contrived so that at least de facto it does not interfere with our neighbors and claim claims. In this regard, both technical and design tricks are possible.
Equipment
The use of discrepancies in regulatory documents is based on knowledge of the generally recognized system of priorities of territories and objects on them. It has not yet been clearly spelled out by law anywhere in the world, but in the event of civil litigation or an economic dispute, it can substantiate weighty arguments in its favor. These priorities, in decreasing order, are as follows:
- Particularly important civilian life support facilities;
- Strategic defense facilities;
- Protected natural areas;
- Farmland;
- Children's, medical and recreational facilities;
- Wildlife;
- Residential buildings and adjoining territories;
- Infrastructure;
- Private outbuildings;
- Industrial facilities, other than vital;
- Military facilities, except strategic defense.
To ensure the improvement of their 6 acres, formally not violating anything, it is possible using paragraphs. 7-9. Private land should be allocated no closer than a certain distance from industrial enterprises. If the challenge was made in violation, then it is unrealistic for one homeowner to correct the situation on his own, so omit clause 10. P. 11 - taboo. Priorities are valid for newly created objects, but not existing ones. Jump on the military unit with a bulldozer - the sentry has the right to shoot and will be right.
It should also be taken into account that the “right of primacy” in time in legal practice effectively operates only between neighboring priorities. Through an item or more in the list - no. Let's say the neighboring plot is not built up. You built a cesspool (item 9 in the list) as you prefer. The neighbor has decided to build a house (paragraph 7) and requires you to move it so that it is easier for him to build. There are more legitimate chances to make you do this with him than you can defend your own.
Mega
A strip of land with a width of 1 m inside the contour of the site is your boundary. Exactly the same strip in the neighbor - his boundary. The boundary of the site is not the line of its demarcation with the neighboring, but the boundary. Thus, counting sanitary “areas of action”, their distribution to neighbors can be reduced by 1 m. But this does not apply to fire restrictions: fire rules, like fire, do not recognize formal boundaries.
Road
The red line of the road cannot come close to the border of the site. Even if there are no poles between you and the road, there should be at least 1 m between the red line and the border of the site. This is a pedestrian path provided for by the SDA. Since the pedestrian has an advantage over vehicles with the same traffic rules, the “action areas” of any objects in the direction of the road can also be shifted by 1 m. the road is not a fire hazard. Invalid for her and domestic sanitary restrictions. Recall also that on the other side of the road there is also a footpath, between the local sections, and their owners should not push their buildings closer to 1 m to their borders. Total: 1 + 1 + 4.7 (the width of the road between the red lines) + 1 ( “Your” footpath) \u003d 7.7 m. Subtract them from 15 m (“influence area” of the cesspool and the farmyard), we get 7.3 m. This is the minimum possible distance that the toilet can be moved without fear, etc. P. to the border of the site along the road.Buildings
Reduce the "radius of action" de jure, i.e. formally impossible. But de facto, i.e. realistically, their harmful effects can be reduced or its nature of milking objects that act on the surrounding preim. through drains - a rake and a bath. In this case, the possible damage to yourself is your business (if other people have not suffered), and your neighbors and regulatory authorities simply will not have any reason to make claims.
Rack and toilet
There is nothing to be done with a toilet like a toilet, and sanitary standards may not be enough for him. Individual local sewerage with a septic tank in a plot of 6 acres is a pipe dream - there is no place for sewage discharge. A septic tank with air purge can be attached directly to the house, and the drain from it is suitable for watering, but it is expensive, energy-dependent, and dies without a regular influx of nutrients for activated sludge. The same (except for volatility) applies to summer dry closets: if you leave the site only on weekends, you will need to take a new absorber cassette with you - the old one after opening for a week will die of starvation.
An ideal technical solution is a collective local sewage system. But, firstly, it’s difficult and not always possible to find places for her dumping field. Secondly, if there are less than 15-20 subscribers, then the collective local sewage system is by no means ideal for initial investments “from the nose”.
A good individual solution for giving a weekend - powder-closet with peat filling. It does not give runoff to the soil, does not contribute to the spread of vector carriers of infection, practically does not exude odors. Filler is cheap - ordinary agricultural peat. The generated filler can be dumped into a compost pile or a regular trash can. The only drawback is regular self-service; not a very pleasant procedure.
Note: modern dry closets were invented precisely on the basis of peat powder-closets.
Bathhouse
The drain from a private bath is, firstly, irregular and not plentiful. Secondly, not fecal, but so-called gray. Gray drains do not contribute to the development of harmful soil microflora and microfauna and quickly neutralize useful. If the sewage pit of the bathhouse is arranged under its floor, then in fact it will not have a harmful effect on the environment and there will be no grounds for making claims. In this case, a bathhouse without water folding devices (that is, not connected to a water supply system) can be considered an ordinary residential or commercial building with a “radius of action” of 3-5 m.
Design
The design of the site by landscape design methods aims, firstly, to improve its ergonomics - internal routes of movement and access for processing and care. Secondly, hide the technical means of arrangement and internal infrastructure - poles, wires, pipes. Thirdly, create comfortable conditions for relaxation. Fourth, visually expand the boundaries of the site and the free space on it. The main techniques of landscape design, successfully applied in small areas, are as follows:
- taking a residential building inland;
- filling corners;
- enclosing the site in whole or in part with a green fence;
- installation and construction of auxiliary products and buildings - benches, swings, children's slides and corners, arbors, pergolas, etc.
- decorative (and possibly productive) blocking the area with trellises.
House in the back
It is technically difficult and not always possible to set up a house on 6 hundred square meters in the depths of the plot, see below. But taking the house deeper into the house is a very effective design technique, equally effective for exclusively commercial households, and for purely recreational and decorative summer cottages, see fig. The house hides, possibly, unsightly buildings behind it and creates the illusion that the space in front of the house is only a vestibule , and the site itself is larger.
Track and driveways
Taking the house deep inward immediately raises the issue of organizing access roads (see above) and poses the problem of allocating usable space (which is 6 hectares and so on, to put it mildly, not in abundance) under constant walking paths. However, in fact, the area under the paths and paths of vehicles on the site is quite possible not to be useless: being unproductive in itself, it can increase the productivity of cultivated areas so much that the allocation of land for paths will be more than compensated. Moreover, it is even possible to reduce the costs and labor costs of maintaining soil fertility. On 6 acres, where it is very difficult to organize the right crop rotation and soil restoration, this is especially true.
A way to make the paths not only convenient but also useful is a perforated coating of propylene blocks for garden paths, turning them into lawn paths. In public places, it doesn’t really justify itself, but for its garden, this, as they say, is the very thing.
Plates need to be taken with wide perforation and narrow partitions; if the pavement is also more passable (for example, entering the garage), then with thrust bearings, which are also intended for motor vehicle loads, at the top in Fig. on right. Plates are laid simply on leveled ground (at the bottom there) on built-in locks. Then the track is covered with a mixture of humus with sand 1: 1 or earth for lawns, sown with lawn grasses and watered. When the grass leaves fresh leaves, earthworms are released onto the path. It is better to dig up the wild, they are tenacious and more actively coddled from vermiculture.
It is very difficult and deliberate to trample the grass on such a path, because growth point and tillering unit are well protected. The worms under the lawn pathway reproduce well, winter well, spread throughout the entire area and do their useful work. But slugs, bears, wireworms and other soil pests of sites with lawn paths are avoided; most likely, due to their good ventilation - the soil under the lawn path does not self-heat and does not suffocate, which is necessary for the propagation of pests.
Angles
The open corner of the site immediately shows 2 of its borders, and the covered one eliminates them from the field of view; this is the basis of the effect of the “angle-concealment effect." Covering the corner can be complete, or physical, and virtual, visual. The first is more suitable for decorative and recreational sites; in this case, in the most visible corner, a recreation area is placed, see fig. on right.
On commercial and auxiliary recreational areas, the removal of a large area with decorative purposes is undesirable. In this case, only an artificial mini-pond will help to solve the problem; preferably with a brook or cascade. Recall Aksakova: "Water is the beauty of nature." The murmuring jets seem to take the site out of the technogenic environment and distract attention so much that the unpainted board fence, which hit the stone wall, does not rush into the eyes, see fig .:
Green fence
The green fence and the trellis do not visually expand the site, but reduce visibility (the green fence removes it completely), muffle sounds and absorb odors. A green fence is made either around the entire perimeter, or partially where it is needed. The basis of the green fence is ordinary with additions inside, see fig .:
In the shade of the green fence let the so-called. petrophilic creepers ("climbers") attached to the support by suction cups, haustoria, for example. ivy. In the light - stem creepers (entwining a support), e.g. clematis, or hooks sticking to it, for example. climbing roses. Legumes are not very suitable - they do not form a continuous green veil.
First of all, edible grapes should not be allowed on the green fence - it requires 2-sided lighting and ventilation. Secondly, the so-called. wild grapes with 5-lobed complex leaves and small black caustic (and poisonous) berries - it is a ferocious root aggressor that releases substances harmful to cultivated plants into the soil. Thirdly, any kirkazonovye - they are completely toxic, and their pollinators are flies, which is why the kirkazonov flowers and plants in the mass smell unpleasantly.
Layout
The standard section of 6 acres is a rectangle of 20x30 m, with the short side facing the road. Trapezoidal and wedge-shaped sections are formed at the convergence of paths within the building massif. Along its edges, many sections appear in the form of an unequal trapezoid with an irregular oblique side - a curve or a broken line. The layout of a particular site, depending on its configuration, is based on one or another typical layout scheme of 6 acres. Unregulated, but in practice, their principle is very, very desirable - the toilet (drain, cesspool) should be located below the house and the cellar for the flow of groundwater.
Planning schemes for 6 hectare plots, finalized from standard ones, taking into account the possibilities of facilitating regulatory requirements (see above) are given in Fig. dotted circles show the "coverage" of certain objects. A green dotted line around the perimeter shows a green fence, with a thick blue line - the line of delineation of plots; a thin blue dotted line marks the neighboring boundaries and the footpath. Designations on the diagrams:
- B - a bath with an internal drain without a water supply.
- G - garage.
- D is the house.
- KK - compost heap (pit, box).
- PO - a recreation area with a light.
- T - toilet (cesspool, sewage pit).
- HB - a hozblok with a poultry house and, possibly, a farmyard.
- Ш - trellis.
On pos. 1 - the most frequent and difficult case: from all sides neighbors, deviation from the road. Its features, firstly, the minimum area under productive plantings. Secondly, a country house of 3x4 m can be taken from inland by no more than 3-4 m, but you cannot make a playground in front of it - there is a road behind the fence. Thirdly, the most comfortable light is quite safe for 6 out of 8 winds, quite safe for 7 winds, and one windshield is only relatively safe. It will become completely safe for a residential building if you move it to the opposite long side, but then the comfort of relaxation will decrease.
Pos. 2 - border section of regular shape. You are lucky: the fire shield is quite safe, and the productive area is 15-20% more than in the previous. case. Pos. 3 - commodity section without serious design requirements. In general, it’s good: in which direction the bias is not important, and the productive area is 20-25% more than in the first case. Common areas and a utility block are additionally fenced off from the road by trees.
Pos. 4 - section-wedge or trapezoid. According to the rules of land management, such sites are allocated from the massif so that the slope and underground runoff go to the narrow side of the trapezoid or the edge of the wedge, so you do not need to deal with geology at first. But still, not very lucky: the productive area as in pos. 2 and conflicts with neighbors over the cesspool and the backyard are unlikely, but the house, garage and recreation area are squeaked. The optimal layout of the wedge section is possible only with a size of 10 hectare, see fig .:
An example of the layout of a small land plot wedge-shaped
Note: sections - oblique trapeziums are planned like wedge-shaped - "useful indecency" in an acute angle.
If possible together
You are extremely lucky if neighboring sections adjacent to any of the corners farthest from the road are either not built up, or you plan to completely re-arrange them. The second condition is that the owners of these sites are intelligent and accommodating people. In this case, be sure to arrange cesspools, poultry houses and corrals to reduce everything to a junction of corners.
The principle of collective planning of 6 acres plots is shown in the figure:
The joint layout gives the following:
- Designing and obtaining building permits can be performed by one organization in a package. For each of the participants this will cost 20-30% and up to 50% cheaper than individually;
- In each of the sections, approx. 10% more productive area than pos. 3 above;
- The slopes and direction of the underground flow in all areas lose their decisive importance;
- The influence of sources of effluents on other neighbors is completely eliminated - their claims simply will not be accepted for consideration;
- Without difficulty, there is a place for such a necessary structure as cellar P;
- Wells on sand (see above) in all areas under any geological conditions, except extremely poor, can be placed so that they affect the underground flow in a safe size.
About the layout of the house
Having determined the location of the house, it is necessary, without delay, to sketch and pre-analyze options for its layout - this is an insidious stage, which most often leads to a dead end for inexperienced developers. The fact is that the natural illumination of residential premises is also standardized. Of course, no authorities will evict you from your home, but aren't health and health more important than paper?
First of all, we determine in which zone of illumination the house finds itself, see fig. on right. Then we estimate its layout and check whether it corresponds to the normative in terms of light:
- There are more than 3 rooms in a house - direct sunlight should be exposed to the windows of at least 2 residential buildings continuously for at least 2 hours a day.
- A house with 2-3 rooms - at least one of the residential buildings must also continuously insolate from 2 hours a day.
- One-room house - the room must be continuously insolated for at least 2.5 hours a day.
Note: times of morning and evening insolation do not add up! Only continuous insolation is considered! Children's rooms are highly desirable to place under the morning insolation.
Corner instead of a zone
To get out of the design deadlock that arose due to insolation, the refusal of the lights in the recreation area most often helps. The refusal is formal, in the documents: nowhere are there any prohibitions to replace a stationary flame device with a movable one, for example. welded metal. The main thing is that there should be no building structures in it, under it there is a foundation, and above it there are capital structures.
Formally, a mobile firearm can take its place for centuries, but here a formal miracle occurs: formally, the recreation area turns into a recreation area, for which there are no standards at all. A framed corner of the rest can be no worse than a formal full-fledged recreation area, see fig.:
About the basics of phytodesign
Phytodesign of individual sites, especially small ones, is a separate topic, and very difficult. Plants should obscure each other and the house as little as possible. but, on the other hand, tall plants should cover low and the whole from the cold winter winds: they dry up the soil, because ice sublimates - evaporates without melting. In low snowy places with a continental climate (Central and Eastern Siberia) or in temperate latitudes with a monsoon (the Far East, the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka) it is better to plant tall plants from the prevailing winter winds - an increase in productivity in summer due to light exposure will be “eaten on average for several years "Freezing in winter.
It is also necessary to take into account the daily rhythm of plant life. Before the peak peak of insolation, they are most actively engaged in biosynthesis, and after it begin to prepare for the night. That is why watering, spraying and foliar top dressing is best done in the evening. In general, the plants on the plot line up like terraces in the direction of the most active light:
- Lawn, ground cover and low flower beds.
- Potato, grassy berry.
- Other garden flowers, cut flowers.
- Shrub berry.
- Tapestry vineyards.
- The trees.
Around the world approx. from the latitude of Kursk to Moscow reg. tiers of plants should preferably be arranged in ascending order from the southeast to northwest. From Moscow to St. Petersburg - from the south-south-east to the north-north-west. To the north - along the south-north line. South of Kursk to Rostov-on-Don in the direction from east-south-east to west-north-west. To the south, the direction of the increase in tiers is again replaced by the southeast - northwest; this is affected by the reduction in summer daylight hours at low latitudes compared with high.
Design and layout
Free computer programs for landscape design can be easily found by searching for the links “landscape design software download free” or “landscape design programs free download”. However, none of them, including paid, professional, does not fully take into account all the troubles between different sets of rules, and moreover does not think how to get around them, so do not forget all of the above. And to figure out what’s found, look at the video selection:
Overview of popular software of this kind:
Familiarization with the application ScetchUp 8 (Russian version). Advantages: a large library of primitives (houses, trees, etc. figures), quick rendering of 3D layouts. Disadvantage - poorly considered with Russian standards:
The article will discuss the arrangement of a small summer cottage with a size of six acres. The best planning options and the design of the entire territory will be considered. Below are the options for placing the house, parking, recreation areas, gardens, outbuildings and so on. The layout of the plot of 6 acres requires compliance with certain rules, which allows for convenient and comfortable zoning of the entire territory.
Proper planning allows you to achieve a comfortable zoning of the territory Source pinterest.ru
The importance of planning
Layout is a fairly long process that requires maximum attention. A good specialist must work on zoning a small area. This will avoid annoying mistakes and create a very comfortable area for permanent residence. Such a step will help to create all the buildings that will meet all the established requirements and standards. The entire territory will be used rationally, the dimensions of all planned buildings will be correctly selected and there will be places for outdoor recreation, a garden and a vegetable garden. All buildings and site elements will be located in full compliance with sanitary standards and will provide maximum comfort for your stay.
Planning and zoning
An important factor is the proper planning and zoning of the site. It is necessary to determine what kind of buildings and their sizes will be. The task is very difficult, given the size of the site, so in dealing with such issues it is imperative to cooperate with specialists. The correct zoning and design is carried out taking into account the characteristics of each zone and its immediate purpose.
It is very important to determine the size of future buildings Source komanda2014.com
It is recommended to divide the entire site into various functional zones, if there are no buildings on it yet. In some cases, buildings can be moved, but this is an additional cost of time and money. Before starting work, a detailed plan is drawn up. It is necessary to think over the layout of the house and, starting from it, work on the rest of the buildings and zones.
The plan of the plot 6 acres may include the following zones:
parking / garage being done near the exit / in the basement;
recreation area with a gazebo and barbecue, a small bathhouse with a veranda can also be built here;
playground with a sandbox, in the summer you can put an inflatable pool;
outbuildings for storing inventory or keeping birds;
a bathroom and showers on the street;
beds for growing vegetables, orchard and so on.
Zones can be combined in different ways. The owner of the site can optionally add some own ideas. But it is very important to always take into account the general style of the site and its area. It is important to determine in advance what should be on the site.
When planning and zoning a site, it is necessary to adhere to established norms and requirements, including fire safety. Otherwise, the owner of the plot may be fined. The residential building should be located at a distance of 5 m from the street and 3 m from the fence of the neighbors. Outbuildings should be placed no closer than 1 m from the garden. These are very important requirements that must be followed. In addition, if there will be a compost pit, an outdoor toilet or a shower on the site, then categorically it is forbidden to place a gazebo and especially a children's playground near them. They should be located as far apart as possible.
Features of the territory
Variants of the layout plans for the plot of 6 acres are based on the features of the territory, or rather the form, can be of several types:
Square. In this case, problems basically do not arise, all issues with zoning are resolved quite easily. The house can be located in the middle of the plot, farm buildings and similar elements are located in a remote corner. On the opposite side of the house or opposite it is possible to equip a recreation area and a playground. It must be remembered that the garden should be near the household unit, and near the gazebo - a garden.
Rectangular / Elongated. In this case, it is better to put the house near the short side of the fence. Departing from it, you can create the necessary zones (playroom, recreation, outbuildings, garden, vegetable garden). You can do any sequence, but a playground and a gazebo look more attractive near the house than a hozblok with a garden.
The letter "G". In most cases, a gazebo or relaxation area is made in the protruding section. Then a house is put up, next to a nursery, and only then household buildings, a vegetable garden, a garden, which are alternately planned on the long side.
In any case, it is best to build a parking space for a car or a garage closer to the exit from the site. In some cases, a residential building can be put not in the middle of the site, but closer to the exit and attach a garage to it or make a carport. For a landscape of 6 acres, this will be an excellent solution and save free space.
. In the filters you can set the desired direction, the presence of gas, water, electricity and other communications.
Territory design
The landscape design of the plot of 6 acres allows you to visually increase the total area. To improve the general view of the territory, you can use various plantings of flower beds and front gardens, decorative elements and so on. However, it is important not to overdo it and everything should be in harmony with each other. Flowerbeds can be made along the installed fence, as well as near the house. It is not recommended to use generally tall shrubs or trees, as they can greatly obscure the area. Optimum use of lawns and various flower beds.
Decorative elements will help not only to decorate the territory, but also to bring a special twist to it. In this case, designers recommend using a free or geometric style. This allows you to achieve a very spectacular look and make the site neat. It’s good to adhere to strictness in front of the house, but when designing a recreation area, give preference to a free style. So the site will be more convenient and attractive. But we must remember that if you overdo it with a free style, then it can have an abandoned look.
On our site you can find the most - from construction companies represented at the exhibition "Low-Rise Country".
If the layout of a garden plot of 6 acres is planned to plant a tall tree, then it should be only one. Weaving plants and shrubs can be used to decorate the fence. All paths are best made winding, as straight lines will visually reduce the area. Flowers in the flower beds should be bright and contrasting with each other.
Garden, relaxation area and playground
Even in such a small area, you can create a garden and a good garden. About half of the entire territory can be reserved for shrubs and trees. But it is important to remember that the trees themselves should not be very tall so as not to obscure the area. Under the garden, you can leave about 15-20% of the site
Video Description
How to properly plan a building plot can be found in the video:
The recreation area can be used for celebrations and meeting guests. On the designated area is to put a gazebo or bath with a veranda. Nearby, you can even equip a decorative fountain or an artificial pond of small sizes. If frequent guests are planned, then it is better to put the gazebo near the house so that it is convenient to take out food if there is no provision for a barbecue, stove or barbecue. With very limited space, portable braziers can be used.
The playground should be placed in such a place that it is well visible from anywhere in the site and at home. For her, a level place with good lighting during the day is selected. However, it is important to remember that during the period of the highest solar activity, a shadow should fall on the playground. For this, special canopies are sometimes used.
Children's playground with good lighting Source pinterest.com
Observing all the requirements, norms, rules and tips you can achieve a very good result. To build a comfortable house and leave as much free space as possible on the site, it is worth choosing a two-story building project. The living room, kitchen and utility rooms are mainly equipped on the ground floor, and living rooms for family members and guests are made on the second floor. This is a good economy of the territory, which in the future can be used for other important purposes. But in order to achieve the best result, you need to work with an experienced and qualified specialist. Only in this case can guarantee comfort and convenience.
Conclusion
The plan of a plot of 6 acres with a house should be developed by a specialist who knows all the nuances and features of the zoning of such small territories. On the site you can place all the necessary buildings and there will be enough free space. It is important to think through all the details so that the stay is as comfortable as possible.