IOS decryption section. Designation procedure for design documentation (code)
The plan of the land in the legislation is called I AM – land plot planning scheme. ROM (RAM) - a document that, together with the application for a building permit, must be provided to the owner or tenant of this site in order to begin designing and carry out further construction work. ROM is currently provided instead of the master plan for the development of the land, which was previously required (http://ppt.ru/kodeks.phtml?kodeks\u003d5&paper\u003d51).
ROM Requirements
ROM is performed according to topographic survey, which indicates the location of the boundaries of the land and the main data on the designed and existing at the time of the plan objects. In addition, the diagram without fail indicates the following:
- Designed objects
- Existing capital buildings
- Entrances and approaches to the facilities
- Underground communications
Designed objects are tied to existing ones on the site, observing the distances provided by the requirements of sanitary and fire safety standards. The scheme should not conflict with the general urban development plan of the site and other regulatory documents.
Based on the provisions defined in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87 dated 02.16.2008 (http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req\u003ddoc;base\u003dLAW section 2 as amended on 13.04 .2010). The RAM should include a set of mandatory elements:
- gPZU number,
- land area,
- calculation of the percentage of development,
- building indicators - composition, total area, number of storeys and height,
- characteristic of the fence area,
- and conventions used in drawing up the scheme (legend).
The land plan for individual housing construction consists of graphic and text parts. In the text part The following information is displayed:
- Description of the site intended for construction and indicators of capital objects;
- substantiation of sanitary gaps in relation to the boundaries of the land and existing and planned facilities;
- compliance of the site organization plan with existing regulations or documents replacing them with its use;
- approximate order of improvement.
Graphic part of ROM performed in any form, without taking into account special drawing requirements, but without fail displays:
- placement of existing facilities and facilities planned for construction with walkways and entrances;
- areas of public servitude, if any;
- location of sanitary gaps and security zones;
- areas of the site and adjacent territory subject to improvement.
When drawing up the plan of the land plot in the graphic part, it is not necessary to indicate the following elements - storm drains, sections of the structure, facade schemes and entrances to the plot. It should be borne in mind that when providing ROMs, additional requirements for it may arise, depending on local situational circumstances. However, no additional requirements can go beyond the framework defined in hours. 5-11, art. 51 Town-planning
〉 Pre-project documentation for Moscow:
floor plans and explications
conclusion:
about the archaeological significance of the territory
on the historical boundaries of the cultural heritage site
environmental engineering surveys on the territory of the land plot of the facility
a fragment of the historical and cultural reference plan of the city of Moscow
historical information about the object of cultural heritage (identified object of cultural heritage or historically valuable city-forming object)
obtaining information from the City Register of Immovable Monuments of History and Culture and their territories
cadastral certificate of land
cadastral plan of the land
engineering - topographic plan M 1: 500 (geopodosnov)
situational plan M 1: 2000
engineering - geological conclusion on the condition of the soils of the construction site
development of a technical report based on the results of an engineering survey of the technical condition of building structures (structures)
documentation on engineering - geodetic inspection of the land
documentation on inspection of land for compensatory landscaping
obtaining initial information from the State Unitary Enterprise "Mosgorgeotrest" at the location of the facility
technical conditions for connecting the facility to utilities:
placement of the facility in the security zone of utilities
water supply and sewage
gutter
heat supply
gas supply
power supply
engineering communications
relocation of existing utilities
〉 Composition of project documentation (87 PP):
№ subsection 87 of the RF PP Designation Section Name Project documentation 1 PP Section 1 “Explanatory Note” 2 ROM Section 2 "Scheme of the planning organization of the land" 3 AR Section 3 "Architectural Solutions" 4 KR Section 4 "Constructive and space-planning decisions" 5 Section 5 "Information on engineering equipment, networks of engineering and technical support, a list of engineering and technical measures, the content of technological solutions", including: 5.1 IOS1 Subsection 5.1 "Power supply system" 5.1.1 EM1 Part 1 "Power supply. Introductory device (TP, ASU)" 5.1.2 EM2 Part 2 "Power Electrical Equipment" 5.1.3 EM3 Part 3 "Lightning protection and grounding" 5.1.4 Eom Part 4 "Electric lighting (interior)" 5.1.5 EN Part 5 "Outdoor electric lighting" 5.2 Ios2 Subsection 5.2 "Water supply system" 5.3 Ios3 Subsection 5.3 "Water disposal system" 5.4 IOS 4 Subsection 5.4 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating networks" 5.5 IOS5 Subsection 5.5. "Communication Networks" 5.5.1 SCS Part 1. "Structured cabling system" 5.5.2 SRF Part 2. "Radio system" 5.5.3 Midrange Part 3. "Electric clock system" 5.5.4 SKPT Part 4. "The system of collective reception of television" 5.5.5 STS Part 5. "Telephone System" 5.5.6 LAN Part 6. "Local Area Network" 5.5.7 MMS Part 7. "Multimedia system" 5.5.8 ACS Part 8. "Access control and management system" 5.5.9 COWN Part 9. "CCTV system" 5.5.10 SOTS Part 10. "Security alarm system" 5.5.11 SSOI Part 11. "Information collection and processing system" 5.5.12 SPA Part 12. "Automated parking system" 5.5.13 SVDTS Part 13. "System for the detection of sabotage and terrorist funds" 5.5.14 ASUZ Part 14. "Automated building management system" 5.5.15 SKU Part 15. "Room control system" 5.5.16 ASDU Part 16. "Automation and data center dispatching system" 5.5.17 ASUE Part 17. "Automated system for metering power consumption, water consumption, heat consumption" 5.5.18 AOW Part 18. "Automation of ventilation and air conditioning systems" 5.5.19 ACS TSP Part 19. "Automation of the control system of the central heat point" 5.7 IOS 7 Subsection 5.7 "Technology Solutions" 6 Pic Section 6 "Construction Organization Project" 7 UNDER Section 7 "Project for the organization of demolition and dismantling work" 8 Environmental protection Section 8 "List of measures for environmental protection" 9 PB Section 9 "Fire Safety Measures" 9.3 AGPT Part 3. "Automatic gas and powder fire extinguishing system" 9.4 SAPS Part 4. "Automatic fire alarm system" 9.5 SOUE Part 5. "Fire warning and evacuation control system" 9.6 SPPA Part 5. "Fire automation system" 10 Odi Section 10 "Measures to Ensure Access for Persons with Disabilities" 10.1 EE Section 10 (1) "Measures to Ensure Compliance with Energy Efficiency Requirements and Equipment Requirements of Buildings, Structures and Structures with Meters for Using Energy Resources Used" 12 Section 12 "Other documentation in cases provided for by federal laws" 12.1 Technological regulations for the construction and demolition waste management process 12.3 12.4 Requirements for ensuring the safe operation of the capital construction facility 12.5 ITM GO and emergency 12.6 Measures to ensure anti-terrorism protection 12.7 Traffic management project 12.10 SMIS (SMIK, SUKS, MPS) 12.11 Dendrology Working documentation 1 General plan 2 Architectural solutions 3 Constructive decisions 4 Internal engineering systems, including: 4.1 Power supply system 4.2 Water supply system 4.2.1 Household pumping station 4.2.2 Fire pump + automatic fire extinguishing system 4.3 Drainage system 4.4 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating networks 4.4.1 Thermomechanical solutions (central heat point) 4.5 Communication networks. Automation and scheduling systems 5 Technological solutions 6 Security and protective deratization system 7 Counterterrorism Security Measures 8 SMIS, SMIK, SUKS 9 PPR for dismantling 10 PPR for the preparatory period 11 Stroygenplan Radiation drainage and CRD External networks for heat supply, water supply, sewage of household and storm, low-current sewage, electricity Measurement work Inspection of load-bearing and enclosing structures 3D scan Survey of connection points of external engineering systems Color passport of existing buildings The album of architectural and urban planning decisions (the formation of a regulatory album in accordance with the requirements of the Moscow Architecture Committee) Special specifications for design and construction in terms of ensuring fire safety Construction supervision Architectural supervision Building Instruction Manual Technical regulation on building safety Instructions for the use of engineering systems (TP, ASU, DSP, pumping, ventilation chambers, server, etc.) 〉 Coordination and approval of project documentation:
OPS GBU "Mosgeorgeotrest"
AO:
Mosvodokanal
Mosgaz
State Unitary Enterprise of Moscow:
Mosgortrans
NIIP General Plan
Mosvodostok
"Moscow subway"
Mossvet
PAO:
Moscow cable network (ISS)
County Prefectures
GBU "Housing" district
District councils
Department of Urban Planning Regulation of the administrative district (UGR)
Moscow City Heritage
SPSC of the Moscow City Architecture Committee
Rostekhnadzor (Mosenergonadzor)
Moscow City Department:
Of transport
Health care
Education
Social protection
GKU TsODD
〉 Work stages:
Free consultation
Contract signing
Presentation of initial data for design
Coordination of the project with the customer
Coordination or support of the project in competent organizations
Presentation of design documentation to the Customer.
〉 Approval:
Name of service Dates / months / from. Cost, rub. / from. Matching: 1. Construction 2 150 000 2. Design documentation 4 150 000 3. Construction with the airport and the Federal Air Transport Agency 4 300 000 Alteration: 1. PPZ 8 negotiable 2. General plan 8 negotiable 3. GPZU with the necessary TEP 4 150 000 Receiving: 1. Technical conditions 2 100 000 2. Permissions for commissioning 4 150 000 3. The source - permits 4 150 000 Services for developers 4 150 000 State examination 2 30 000 Legalization of self-construction 4 150 000 Technical Customer Services - negotiable Construction permit 2 60 000 Registration of real estate objects on cadastral registration 2 60 000 〉 Coefficients of MU No. 620 dated December 29, 2009:
Reduction of terms:
10% - 1.2 times, paragraph 3.11.
30% - 1.4 times, clause 3.11.
40% - 2 times or more, clause 3.11.
Overhaul:
50% - development of design (working) documentation for major repairs, clause 3.5.
Binding of standard or re-applicable design documentation without modification:
65% - the aerial part, clause 3.2.
80% - aboveground and underground parts, clause 3.2.
50% - unique objects, clause 3.3.
50% - reconstruction and technical re-equipment, clause 3.4.
Others:
2% - performing the function of general designer, clause 3.9.
30% - design with the installation of imported main technological equipment used by the design organization for the first time, clause 3.8.
Construction project is
CONCLUSION Verification of the bearing capacity of a multi-hollow slab according to the 1.041.1-3 series (pdf 340 Kb) technical conclusion
The essence of the third method is voltage regulation, due to which there is a redistribution or reduction of forces on the entire structure. This method is simpler and more alternative than the second method, requires less accurate mathematical calculation and allows redistribution without stopping the technological one. The necessary parts are connected by welding, bolts or polymer solutions.
Thus, taking into account the technical condition of the structure and the selected tasks, this or that event is selected. Depending on the design that needs to be strengthened, one or another method of designing the gain is chosen. For example, when designing reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures, the following should be taken into account.
Strengthening as a result of which individual structural parts are replaced by more durable elements - these are reinforced concrete or metal clips, reinforced concrete shirts, or the use of additional schemes - consoles, racks, metal beams, combined tightenings to the original design.
Strengthening entails a reduction in costs than the replacement of new products. In addition, in the second case, production shutdown is not required. Attention should also be paid to the fact that reinforcement is possible in some areas, but not in others, they are simply replaced with others.
In other words, to be strengthened:
- reinforced concrete foundations,
- columns, beams,
- floor slabs
- reinforced concrete crane beams.
In cases of revealing a reinforced concrete farm, which is in an emergency state, a replacement is made for a new one, reinforcement is strictly prohibited. Before reinforcing reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to fulfill a number of points - this is the preparation of the surface that will be strengthened, the fittings and joints, the formwork to be installed correctly. Surface preparation is necessary for reliable adhesion to concrete, which will be used for reinforcement. This is achieved by cleaning the surface of dirt by blowing air, cleaning the fittings with sandblasting machines from corrosion. When laying concrete mortar it is more expedient to use pneumatic units.
The design of reinforcement with metal structures is different and is done differently. It uses the addition of additional, both flexible and rigid elements, reinforcement of joints of structural joints, as well as the complete exclusion of individual elements. To increase the bearing capacity of individual elements, the design is supplemented with parts, fastening them with bolted joints or welding.
Designing reinforcement with wooden structures makes it possible to reduce the cost of construction work. The small weight of the tree does not require the construction of additional foundations, which leads to a decrease in material consumption. The measures are applicable both in warm and in cold rooms with external water drainage. The temperature and humidity of the environment should be taken into account in order to avoid fire and decay of wood. Coniferous species are used as hardening of wooden structures. However, for dowels, inserts, which is a responsible compound, it is better to use hardwoods. This oak, ash, birch, with high strength, resistance to bending.
It is recommended that the oak be kept in water for some time to increase strength. In addition to the foregoing, various polymers reinforcing compounds are used. These are various epoxy resins, the so-called Diane, polymer concrete based on polyester and furan resins, bitumen-epoxy mastics as a waterproofing coating.
Recently, with the growth of technological progress in the design of amplifications, carbon fiber has been used. Carbon fiber has several advantages - tensile strength, 10 times higher than steel, miserable thickness of the material, which does not affect the cross-sectional dimensions of the reinforced structure. In addition, carbon fiber has a low weight, the original structure is not overloaded, and there is no need to take measures to strengthen the foundation.
In addition to the main advantages, the share of installation and labor is removed. No need to use welding equipment, lifting mechanisms, there is no need for a full or partial stop of production. The main disadvantage is the high cost of the material itself, however, the material is durable, does not lend itself to corrosion, deformation and, as noted above, is more reliable, stronger and more convenient to use, comparing with the listed technologies.
As you can see, there are many methods and design methods for reinforcing building structures. The choice of solution depends on the result and on the tasks that you wish to carry out.
In the construction of non-residential facilities, metal structures are often used. Their application is based on the data in the section of project documentation called “Metal structures”.
In general, the working design documentation can be divided into two groups. The first is the direct documentation of metal structures.
It is compiled on the basis of technical design materials for the subsequent creation of detailed drawings. The second part is the detailing of metal structures. In this case, all structural elements are studied separately. These drawings can serve as the basis for the manufacture of metal structures at enterprises (if necessary).
The structure of the project of metal structures includes plans and sections of the structures of the object, structural solutions of the elements, options for their interface, metal specifications. At this stage, the structures are linked to other parts of the project. Structural analysis is executed in the format of a settlement and explanatory note.
Detailed metalwork projects consist of drawings of individual elements of all metal structures, wiring diagrams.
When designing the section of metal structures, a number of basic requirements are taken into account. First of all, operating conditions - they determine the structural form of structures and the most suitable type of material.
The second requirement is metal saving. This is easily explained, since metal is an expensive building material. Therefore, it is used most often in cases where the use of other materials (for example, reinforced concrete) is not rational.
The next factor is manufacturability. Projects are prepared taking into account the technological requirements for the installation of metal structures, with an emphasis on modern installation methods. This affects the reduction of the complexity of the process.
In addition, when developing the project, the aesthetics of the finished metal structures and the harmony of their forms are taken into account. This is especially important when building is carried out within the city, taking into account the requirements of the city government for the architectural forms of objects.
The project for the “Metal Structures” section is carried out by specialized design organizations. When designing, three indicators are achieved, on which the cost of metal structures and work on their assembly depends. This is steel saving, increasing labor productivity, reducing labor intensity and installation time.
Section architectural and construction solutions "AC"
The "AS" architectural and construction solutions section does not contain a design part, is not produced according to GOST - it combines the main building parts of the sections of AR, KR and partially KZh, KM, KD with KMD elements, etc. It is developed at the request of the customer and include a sufficient amount of information for the construction and installation work as a simplified guide for construction, overhaul for the beginning construction manager, construction superintendent. The AC section can be equipped with production technology, conditions and installation schemes. For a separate cost, you can order an assembly drawing
I have been working in the field of design for more than 10 years.
In fact, there is nothing complicated in coordinating a working draft. You need only time and desire. After a decision has been made on the design, it is necessary to obtain a decision of the local authorities on the reconstruction or design of a building (supermarket, store, pharmacy, etc.). After receiving this document, you must contact a licensed design organization to develop a working draft. The next stage is the ordering of technical conditions in city services (Vodokanal, Energy Supply Organization, City Heating Networks).
To order technical conditions, the design organization provides engineering loads (electricity, water, heat, etc.). And with these loads, a BTI passport (if there is an existing building and reconstruction is in progress), you must contact the appropriate authorities. After the technical conditions are obtained, they must be transferred to the work of engineers - designers.
They also develop an exterior passport and master plan. Once one of the sections is ready, you need to take 2 copies of the corresponding section, technical specifications, the original master plan and go to the authority to agree on the section, i.e. if the VK section (water supply and sewerage) then to Vodokanal, etc.
When all sections are agreed upon, namely: VK, OV (heating and ventilation), EMO (power supply and electric lighting), and seals of these instances on the original master plan are affixed, a full working draft can be made (GP, AC, TX, VK, OV, EMO) and the explanatory note should be referred to Rospotrebnadzor and the same project to the City Department for Emergency Situations (to the city service - to firefighters). In these instances it is necessary to obtain conclusions on the working draft. In parallel with the coordination of the sections, you can coordinate the passport of the exterior decoration. The next stage after obtaining the conclusions is to complete the working draft for approval by the city engineer in order to obtain a square seal on the general plan.
We complete the full working draft (GP, AC, TX, VK, OV, EMO and PZ), as well as the conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor and GUMES. After receiving a square seal on the master plan, we prepare a working draft at the State Autonomous Architectural Inspectorate (State Architectural and Construction Supervision) to obtain a protocol for the coordination of working documentation.
The main rule in coordination is to monitor the movement of the original sections, master plan. At the stage of approval - documents with blue seals - the most important documents. In general, this is the most common scheme, but each working draft has its own nuances and additional approvals are possible. Good luck !!! Denis Korablev
Computers and any electronics are complex devices whose operating principles are not always clear to most ordinary people. What is ROM and why is a device necessary? Most people will not be able to answer this question. Let's try to fix this misunderstanding.
What is a ROM?
What are they and where are they used? Permanent storage devices (ROM) are non-volatile memory. Technologically, they are implemented as a microcircuit. At the same time, we learned what the acronym ROM is for decryption. Devices for storing user input and installed programs are designed. In the permanent storage device you can find documents, melodies, pictures - i.e. everything that should be stored for months or even years. The amount of memory, depending on the device used, can vary from a few kilobytes (on simple devices having one silicon crystal, microcontrollers for example) to terabytes. The larger the volume of the ROM, the more objects can be saved. Volume is directly proportional to the amount of data. If you compact the answer to the question of what ROM is, you should answer: this is a data warehouse that does not depend on constant voltage.
Hard drives as primary read-only memory devices
The question of what ROM is already answered. Now we should talk about what they are. The main permanent storage device is hard drives. They are in every modern computer. They are used due to their wide possibilities of accumulating information. But at the same time, there are a number of ROMs that use multiplexers (these are microcontrollers, boot loaders, and other similar electronic mechanisms). With a detailed study, it will be necessary not only to understand the value of ROM. Decoding of other terms is also necessary in order to delve into the topic.
Expanding and complementing ROM capabilities with flash technology
If the user does not have a standard amount of memory, then you can take advantage of the additional expansion of the capabilities of the ROM provided in the field of data storage. This is done through modern technologies implemented in memory cards and USB-flash drives. They are based on the principle of reusable use. In other words, the data on them can be erased and recorded tens and hundreds of thousands of times.
What is a permanent storage device?
The ROM contains two parts, which are designated as ROM-A (for storing programs) and ROM-E (for issuing programs). Type A read-only memory is a diode-transformer matrix, which is flashed using address wires. This ROM section performs the main function. The filling depends on the material from which the ROMs are made (perforation and magnetic tapes, punch cards, magnetic disks, drums, ferrite tips, dielectrics and their property of the accumulation of electrostatic charges can be used).
Schematic structure of ROM
This electronics object is depicted as a device, which in appearance resembles the connection of a certain number of one-bit cells. The ROM chip, despite the potential complexity and seemingly significant capabilities, is small in size. When storing a certain bit, it is sealed to the case (when zero is recorded) or to the power source (when one is recorded). To increase the capacity of memory cells in read-only memory devices, microcircuits can be connected in parallel. This is what manufacturers do to get a modern product, because a high-performance ROM chip allows them to be competitive in the market.
The amount of memory when used in various units of technology
The amount of memory varies depending on the type and purpose of the ROM. So in simple household appliances such as washing machines or refrigerators, you can have enough installed microcontrollers (with their reserves of several tens of kilobytes), and in rare cases, something more complex is installed. It makes no sense to use a large amount of ROM, because the amount of electronics is small, and complex calculations are not required from the equipment. For modern TVs, something more advanced is already required. And the pinnacle of complexity is computing technology such as computers and servers, ROMs for which, at a minimum, can accommodate from several gigabytes (for those released 15 years ago) to tens and hundreds of terabytes of information.
Masked ROM
In cases where recording is carried out using the metallization process and a mask is used, such a permanent storage device is called masked. The addresses of the memory cells are fed to 10 pins, and a specific chip is selected using a special CS signal. Programming of this type of ROM is carried out at the factories; as a result, manufacturing in small and medium volumes is disadvantageous and rather inconvenient. But with large-scale production, they are the cheapest among all permanent storage devices, which ensured their popularity.
They differ schematically from the total mass in that in the storage matrix, the connections of the conductors are replaced by fusible jumpers made of polycrystalline silicon. At the production stage, all jumpers are created, and the computer believes that logical units are written everywhere. But during preparatory programming, an increased voltage is applied, with the help of which logical units are left. When applying low voltages, the jumpers evaporate, and the computer reads that there is a logical zero. By this principle, programmable read-only memory devices operate.
Programmable Read Only Memory
EEPROMs turned out to be convenient enough in the process of technological manufacturing so that they could be resorted to in medium and small-scale production. But such devices also have their limitations - for example, you can record a program only once (due to the fact that jumpers evaporate once and for all). Due to such an inability to use read-only memory repeatedly, it must be thrown away when recording incorrectly. As a result, the cost of all manufactured equipment increases. Due to the imperfection of the production cycle, this problem pretty much occupied the minds of developers of memory devices. The way out of this situation was the development of ROM, which can be re-programmed repeatedly.
UV or electric erase ROM
And they got the name "permanent storage device with ultraviolet or electric erasure." They are created on the basis of a storage matrix in which memory cells have a special structure. So, each cell is a MOS transistor in which the gate is made of polycrystalline silicon. Sounds like the previous option, right? But the peculiarity of these ROMs is that silicon is additionally surrounded by a dielectric with wonderful insulating properties - silicon dioxide. The principle of operation here is based on the content of the induction charge, which can be stored for decades. There are features to erase. So, for an ultraviolet ROM device, it is necessary to hit ultraviolet rays coming from the outside (ultraviolet lamp, etc.). Obviously, from the point of view of simplicity, the operation of read-only memory devices with electric erasure is optimal, since to activate them, you just need to apply voltage. The principle of electrical erasing has been successfully implemented in such ROMs as flash drives, which can be seen by many.
But such a ROM circuit, with the exception of cell construction, is structurally no different from a conventional masked read-only memory. Sometimes such devices are also called reprogrammable. But with all the advantages, there are certain limits to the speed of erasing information: for this action usually takes about 10-30 minutes.
Despite the possibility of rewriting, reprogrammable devices have restrictions on their use. So, electronics with ultraviolet erasure can survive from 10 to 100 dubbing cycles. Then the destructive effect of radiation becomes so noticeable that they cease to function. You can see the use of such elements as storage for BIOS programs, in video and sound cards, for additional ports. But the principle of overwriting is optimal with respect to rewriting. So, the number of overwrites in ordinary devices ranges from 100,000 to 500,000! There are separate ROM devices that can work more, but most users do not need them.
Design documentation for construction is usually developed in several stages, which differ in the composition and depth of the development of design decisions. The main requirements for the documentation of various stages are set out in GOST R 21.1101-2009.
Consider all stages of the project in order:
- Stage 1 - PP. Pre-design studies (preliminary design)
- Stage 2 - PD. Design documentation
- Stage 3 - RD. Working documentation
Stage 1 - PP. Pre-design studies (preliminary design)
At this stage, the concept of the future object is being developed, the main technical and economic characteristics are determined. The sketch determines the landing of an object on the ground, its spatial and spatial solution, structural design. Also at this stage, the main engineering loads for water, heat and electricity are calculated, the so-called. load calculation.
Development Stage "PP" optional, but helps save time and money in future design.
Stage 2 - PD. Project documentation
Unlike draft design Stage "Project" (“PD” or simply “P”) is mandatory and is subject to approval by state executive bodies. According to the results of the approval of the Project Stage, a permit for the construction of the facility is issued. The composition and content of this stage is regulated by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87 dated 02.16.2008. Of course, the composition will be individual for each project, but we will try to compile the most complete list of all possible sections and subsections of the “PD” Stage:
room |
Section Code |
Section title |
Explanatory note |
||
Explanatory note |
||
Initial Permission |
||
Scheme of the planning organization of the land |
||
Architectural solutions |
||
Constructive and space-planning solutions |
||
Reinforced concrete structures |
||
Metal constructions |
||
Wooden structures |
||
Static calculation |
||
Information about engineering equipment, networks of engineering and technical support, a list of engineering and technical measures, the content of technological solutions. |
||
Subsection 1 |
Power supply system |
|
Outdoor power supply |
||
Power equipment |
||
Electric lighting |
||
Subsection 2 |
Water supply system |
|
Outdoor water supply |
||
Domestic water supply |
||
Subsection 3 |
Drainage system |
|
Outdoor drainage |
||
Internal drainage |
||
Subsection 4 |
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating networks |
|
Heating and ventilation |
||
Heat supply |
||
Individual heat point |
||
Subsection 5 |
Communication networks |
|
Video monitoring |
||
Security alarm |
||
Other low current systems |
||
Subsection 6 |
Gas supply system |
|
Outdoor gas supply |
||
Domestic gas supply |
||
Subsection 7 |
Technological solutions |
|
Technological solutions |
||
Air supply |
||
Cold supply |
||
Steam supply |
||
Dust removal |
||
Other technological systems |
||
Construction Organization Project |
||
Project for the organization of work on the demolition or dismantling of capital construction projects |
||
Environmental Protection List |
||
Draft process regulations for construction waste management at the facility |
||
Environmental Engineering |
||
Fire safety measures |
||
Disabled Access Activities |
||
Section 10 (1) |
Energy Efficiency Measures |
|
The estimate for the construction of capital construction |
||
Material price monitoring |
||
Other documentation in cases provided for by the Federal Laws |
||
Lighting calculations of insolation and natural light (KEO) |
||
Measures to protect against noise and vibration. |
||
ITM GOiChS |
Civil engineering engineering measures. |
|
Building instruction manual |
||
Counter Terrorism Measures |
||
Industrial Safety Declaration of Hazardous Production Facilities |
Stage 3 - RD. Working documentation
Stage "RD" builders need it primarily, since it most fully and in detail develops design solutions that are only indicated in the “PD” Stage. Unlike P, Rabochka includes drawings of units, axonometric diagrams and profiles of utility networks, specifications, etc. On the other hand, at the working stage, the documentation loses some sections whose completeness was exhausted at the design stage (for example , PIC, OOS, KEO, ITM GOiChS, etc.). As in Stage "P", the composition of the "RD" will be individual for each project, but we will try to make the most complete list of all possible sections of the Stage "Working Documentation":
Section Code |
Section title |
General plan |
|
Transport facilities |
|
General plan and transport (when combining GP and TR) |
|
Car roads |
|
Railways |
|
Architectural solutions |
|
Architectural and construction solutions (when combining the AR and the Kyrgyz Republic) |
|
Interiors |
|
Constructive decisions. Reinforced concrete structures |
|
Constructive decisions. Reinforced concrete structures. Foundations |
|
Constructive decisions. Metal constructions |
|
Constructive decisions. Detailing metal structures |
|
Constructive decisions. Wooden structures |
|
Constructive decisions. Static calculation |
|
Hydraulic solutions |
|
Power supply system. Outdoor power supply |
|
Power supply system. Power equipment |
|
Power supply system. Electric lighting |
|
Power supply system. Outdoor electric lighting |
|
Power supply engineering systems |
|
Water supply system. Outdoor networks |
|
Drainage system. Outdoor networks |
|
Water supply and sanitation system. Outdoor networks |
|
Water supply and sanitation system. Internal networks |
|
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning |
|
Heat supply |
|
Thermomechanical solutions (Boiler room, ITP, etc.) |
|
Telephony, Radio, Telepriem |
|
Structured Cable Networks |
|
Automation of engineering systems |
|
Process Automation |
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Integrated automation (when combining AIS and ATP) |
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Video monitoring |
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Security alarm |
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Access control and accounting system |
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Outdoor gas supply |
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Domestic gas supply |
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Technological solutions |
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Technological communications |
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Air supply |
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Cold supply |
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Steam supply |
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Dust removal |
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APS |
Automatic fire alarm installation, |
Fire Protection Automation |
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Special fire fighting (water, powder, etc.) |
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The estimate for the construction of capital construction |
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Material price monitoring |
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Corrosion Protection |
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Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines |
GOST R 21.1101-2009 System of design documentation:
4.2. Working documentation
4.2.1. The composition of the working documentation transmitted to the customer include:
- working drawings intended for construction and installation works;
- attached documents developed in addition to the working drawings of the main kit.
4.2.2. The composition of the main sets of working drawings includes general data on the working drawings, drawings and diagrams provided for by the relevant standards of the Design Documentation System for construction (hereinafter - SPDS).
...
4.2.6. The attached documents include:
- working documentation for construction products;
- outline drawings of general types of non-standard products, performed in accordance with GOST 21.114;
- specification of equipment, products and materials, performed in accordance with GOST 21.110;
- questionnaires and dimensional drawings, performed in accordance with the data of factories - manufacturers of equipment;
- local estimate by forms;
- other documents stipulated by the relevant standards of the SPDS.
The specific composition of the attached documents and the need for their implementation are established by the relevant SPDS standards and design assignment.
...
4.2.8. In the working drawings it is allowed to apply typical building structures, products and units by referencing documents containing working drawings of these structures and products. Reference documents include:
- drawings of standard designs, products and units;
- standards, which include drawings intended for the manufacture of products.
Reference documents are not included in the composition of the working documentation transmitted to the customer. The design organization, if necessary, transfers them to the customer under a separate contract.
SNiP 11-01-95 Composition of working documentation:
5.1. The composition of the working documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures is determined by the relevant state standards of SPDS and is specified by the customer and the designer in the design contract (contract).
5.2. State, industry and republican standards, as well as drawings of standard designs, products and units referred to in the working drawings, are not part of the working documentation and can be transferred by the designer to the customer, if specified in the contract.
The main goal of the center is to assist in the construction of both developers and buyers of real estate.
The main activities are:
- Preparation of design documentation for construction
- Examination of project documentation to obtain a building permit.
- Geological and geodetic surveys
- Obtaining construction specifications
- Conducting construction, technical and forensic examination
- Industrial Safety Expertise
- Construction and installation work of any complexity
Turning to us, any client receives a free consultation on the implementation of construction and assistance in selecting a contractor.
The main region of the provision of services:
G. Eagle and Oryol region.
G. Kursk and Kursk region.
G. Belgorod and Belgorod region.
According to the provisions of SNiP 11-01-95, the working documentation (its composition) in the field of construction of enterprises, structures and buildings is determined by the state standards of SPDS, however, it is specified by the designer and the customer during the preparation of the contract or design contract. Industry, republican and state standards are not included in the composition of the working documentation. Also, it does not include those drawings of typical structures, assemblies and products to which references are contained in the drawings of the working documentation. But they, depending on the terms of the contract, can also be transferred to the customer. The composition of the working documentation provided for each project is individual, but the content of a number of sections is a standard list for the Working Documentation stage.
Working documentation as a stage of preparation of project documentation
All project documentation can be presented in the form of packages representing three stages:
- Preliminary design (). This is the stage of developing the concept of the future object with the definition of its main technical and economic characteristics. According to the preliminary design, you can see how the object is “planted” on the ground, what will be its design scheme and spatial solution. This stage is allocated conditionally. Pre-design studies are not always created when preparing the main packages of documents. However, practitioners believe that the creation of a conceptual design can save a lot of time, effort and resources in long-distance implementation.
- Project documentation. Unlike the previous stage, this is a mandatory stage, which is subject to coordination with state executive bodies. The result of the approval is the permission to erect the object. The composition of the developed project documentation is regulated by the RF PP No. 87, however, the actual composition for each specific project will be individual, since the specificity of each project is unique.
- . Here, the design decisions that were indicated in the previous stage are developed in detail and as exhaustively as possible. The working documentation includes specifications, profiles of utility networks, drawings of the original components, and / or axonometric diagrams. At this stage, there are no longer a number of sections presented and exhausted at the stage of project documentation: environmental protection (list of activities related to environmental protection), PIC (construction organization project), KEO (light-technical calculations of natural lighting and insolation), ITM (engineering and technical measures of civil defense) and others.
This ratio of the two mandatory formats of documentation - project and working - replaced the previously existing standards, which provided for a different format for the design stages with the inclusion of the “Feasibility Study” phase, the “Project” and “Work Project” phases (changes based on a letter from the Ministry of Regional Development RF №19088-SK / 08 - 06/22/2009).
Now (on the basis of the RF PP N 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content” - February 16, 2008) a definition of working documentation is given, according to which the documentation is developed that is designed to implement technical, technological and architectural solutions in the construction process . The content and composition of the working documentation being developed depends on the requirements of the customer (developer), which, in turn, depend on the level of detail of those decisions that are contained in the design documentation and are included in the design assignment.
The Ministry of Regional Development of Russia, on the basis of the RF PP No. 87, made recommendations in connection with changes in the requirements for sections of project documentation. According to them, when calculating the cost of design work, the following distribution of the base design price is accepted:
- 40% - project documentation,
- 60% - working documentation.
This base price is calculated using design price guides based on the design stage. But the indicated price ratio can be adjusted by agreement between the customer and the contractor, who, when making a decision, are guided by the specifics of the construction projects and the completeness of the development of both types of documentation. Also, by agreement between the customer (developer) and the contractor (the person preparing the documents), the percentage of the base price is determined if the task provides for the parallel development of design and working documentation in full or in partial volumes. Here the decision is also made on the basis of:
- functional and technological features,
- architectural specifics
- constructive approaches
- engineering requirements
- the degree of detail of each design element.
According to the mentioned recommendation of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia, in case of simultaneous development of both types of documentation at the initiative of the customer and with the consent of the expert organization, the documentation can be submitted for consideration by the state examination. The structural diagram of such an examination assumes the following sequence in the presentation of documentation:
- The design organization prepares urban planning, pre-design (outline) and design estimates, which the customer is acquainted with.
- The customer passes the package to the expert council under the government of the Russian Federation, thereby initiating the State comprehensive examination.
- The package of documents is sequentially passed:
- Glavgosekspertizu RF,
- Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense and Emergencies, Natural Resources, Health and Social Development, Industry and Energy,
- authorized federal executive bodies.
- Based on expert opinions, a summary conclusion is issued based on the results of the examination.
- The documentation is submitted for approval, after which, in the case of a successful examination, it is returned to the customer, and, in the event of comments, is transferred to the finalization of the design organization.
At the final stage, the customer can make his comments in the preparation of documentation, which is returned to the customer after the elimination of defects.
Regulation of the composition of working documentation
SPDS standards and clarifications by the customer in the design assignment determine the composition of the developed working documentation.
Background
Terms such as “working draft”, “working documentation” were first introduced in SNiPs 1.02.01-85, changing or modifying the terminological set, which included the terms “technical project”, “technical project”, “working drawings” (SPDS standards , which began to be developed in the seventies, extended to the "working drawings").
SNiP 1.02.01-85 in terms of the composition of the working documentation was close to GOST 21.101-97, which defines the requirements for design and working documentation, where clause 3.2 indicates that the composition of the developed working documentation for the design and construction of buildings and structures in the general case includes:
- Design drawings for construction and installation works.
- Documentation in accordance with GOST 21.501 for construction products.
- Sketch drawings of non-standard products according to GOST 21.114, which are performed as necessary.
- Specifications for equipment, materials and products in accordance with GOST 21.110.
- Other documentation required by SPDS.
- Estimated documentation in established forms.
In GOST R 21.1101-2013, in the description of the project documentation system, clause 4.2 with the subparagraphs is devoted to the working documentation, where it includes working drawings that are intended for installation and construction works and the documents attached to them from the main set. Here, the main set includes working drawings and schemes provided for by the standards of SPDS. And the list of attached documents includes:
![](https://i1.wp.com/finswin.com/netcat_files/userfiles/Proektoved/Osnovy/rabdoc1.4.jpg)
In the working drawings, by reference to documents, it is allowed to use standard designs, assemblies and products with the presence of working drawings in them, but reference documents (including drawings and standards with drawings in the composition) do not apply to the working documentation.
Sections of working documentation
The composition of the developed working documentation in each specific project will differ, but it usually consists of the following sections.
Main sections and their codes (marks):
- General Plan (GP).
- Transport (TR).
- The combined section of the master plan and transport (GT).
- Highways (HELL).
- Railway tracks (ПЖ).
- Architectural Solutions (AR).
- The united section of architectural and constructive solutions is architectural and construction solutions (AS).
- Technological solutions (TX).
- Interiors (AI).
- Technological communications (TC).
- The estimate for capital construction objects (SD1).
- Monitoring of prices of materials (СД2).
- Integrated Automation (AK).
Sections related to constructive solutions and their codes (marks):
- Reinforced concrete structures (KZh).
- Foundations and reinforced concrete structures (KZhO).
- Metal structures (KM).
- Detailing metal constructions (KMD).
- Wooden structures (CD).
- Static Calculation (CRC).
Sections related to power supply and their codes (marks):
- External power supply (ES).
- Electric lighting (EO).
- Outdoor electric lighting (EN).
- Power electrical equipment (EM).
- Power supply of engineering systems (EIS).
Sections related to water supply and their codes (marks):
- Hydrotechnical solutions (GR).
- External networks of water supply system (HB).
- External networks of the sewage system (NK).
- Joint section of external networks of water supply and sanitation (NEC).
- Joint section of internal networks of water supply and sanitation (VK).
Sections related to air flow, heat and cold supply and their codes (marks):
- Dust removal (PU).
- Ventilation, air conditioning and heating (HVAC).
- Heat supply (TS).
- Thermomechanics (TM).
- Cold supply (C).
- Air supply (BC).
Sections related to steam and gas supply and their codes:
- External gas supply (GOS).
- Internal gas supply (FGP).
- Steam Supply (PS).
Sections related to security systems, telecommunications and their codes (brands):
- Radio and Telephony (RT)
- Structured cable networks (SCS).
- Video surveillance (VN).
- Security Alarm (OS).
- Access control system and its accounting (ACS).
- Special fire fighting (PT).
- Corrosion protection (AZ).
- Thermal insulation (TI).
Sections of working documentation can be represented in the form of standardized sets that can be adjusted depending on the characteristics of a particular object.
Options for sets of working documentation
Below are some of the most common in practice sets of working documentation for industrial facilities.
Master Plan (GP), as well as the combined section of the Master Plan and Transport (GT)
The master plan and transportation facilities (GOST 21.508-93 SPDS) in the case of combining the working drawings into a single set according to GOST 21.204-93 SPDS.
The composition of the working documentation:
- general layout working drawings (main set of GP brand) and in a single set with transport facilities - main set of GT brand,
- outline drawings of general views for atypical products,
- statement of requirements for materials (GOST 21.110),
- statement of volumes of installation and construction works (GOST 21.110).
The main set of working drawings of the general plan:
- general information,
- plans: relief organization, land improvement, earth masses, engineering networks (consolidated),
- layout plan
- remote fragments and elements (nodes) (GOST 21.101).
Working drawings, with the exception of the plan of earth masses, are performed on the engineering and topographic plan.
Production Technology (TX)
Working drawings for technological solutions include:
- task for the manufacture of detailed drawings of technological units that are collected by organizations involved in installation,
- drawings for the installation of process pipelines and equipment (the main set of the TX brand),
- drawings of special types of process pipelines,
- requirements for the creation of design documentation for equipment of individual manufacture (GOST 15.001-73), if these requirements are not presented in the working draft.
The main set of working drawings of the TX-brand:
- general information,
- wiring diagram
- arrangement of equipment and pipelines (drawings),
- list of pipelines.
The main set is accompanied by statements on the requirements for materials (GOST 21.109-80) and the volume of installation work (GOST 21.111-84), as well as the equipment specification (GOST 21.110-82).
Architectural solutions (AR, GOST 21.501-93 SPDS)
For architectural solutions, working drawings of construction and installation works are carried out as part of the basic sets with the assignment of a mark according to GOST 21.101. If necessary, the equipment specification is compiled according to them (GOST 21.110). The construction and architectural drawings indicate the accuracy values \u200b\u200bof the geometric parameters of structures, structures, buildings (GOST 21.113). The requirements for accuracy for functional geometric parameters are related to the requirements for accuracy in the manufacture and installation of structural elements, axle breakdown by calculation in accordance with GOST 21780.
The main set of working drawings of the AR brand:
- general information,
- floor plans, technical underground, basement, technical floor, attic,
- facades
- cuts
- floor plans
- roof plan (s),
- location schemes of prefabricated partitions and their elements,
- layouts of window openings and filling elements, as well as other openings,
- detail fragments, elements (nodes)
- specifications for layouts (GOST 21.101).
When combining construction and architectural decisions, the composition of the AU is adopted.
Fire alarm (PS, GOST 25 1241-86)
The working drawings, according to which construction and installation work is being done to create fire protection, are combined into main sets for the brands of PS (fire alarm), PT (fire extinguishing), OS (fire alarm and security alarm). Other markings are possible - for example, APT (automated fire extinguishing system, smoke removal), etc.
The main set of working drawings of the PS-brand:
- general information,
- copy from the general plan, situational plan,
- floor plan of the fire extinguishing station control units,
- a plan of the protected buildings and structures (if necessary, with piping and cable wiring),
- plan of protected buildings, structures with external pipelines,
- wiring plan for cables, wires, pipelines, equipment arrangement in the protected premises, in the premises of control centers, pumping stations and fire stations, as well as, if necessary, piping diagrams and equipment of pumping stations.
- grounding plan
- cuts, sections,
- circuit diagram of control and management,
- wiring diagrams, connections and - if necessary - general fire alarm circuitry,
- cable magazine.
In addition, if necessary, the kit includes:
- functional and structural diagrams of AUP,
- sheet filling pipes with pipes,
- procurement statement
- general views (drawings) of atypical structures and equipment.
The main sets can be divided by type of fire extinguishing (alarm), by type of installation work, by construction sequence into several different basic sets.