Which side to lay a brick. How to post a wall of bricks
Brick exists not far from the first century. It was built at home in different countries And even parts of the world, inventing many different ways and types of brickwork. And at least a lot of secrets and features in the technology itself, it is possible to understand everything. First you need to get acquainted with the main positions and terminology, without which it will be impossible to understand what this is speech. Then, select the masonry technique and the type of dressing, and then begin the practical development of skills. Brickwork With your own hands, it can be done, at least, no worse than professionals. The only thing that the amateur will definitely give up is in speed. All other parameters, subject to technology, will definitely be no worse.
Major terms
Let's start by S. common concepts. What a brick looks like everyone knows exactly that it is ceramic, but there is a silicate - too. But here's how it is correctly called the face of this material, not many know. And in the description of the laying technology, they are found very often.
The biggest face is called " pastel", Middle - Side -" spoons", And the smallest -" pump«.
Brick dimensions, in principle, standardized (250 * 125 * 66 mm - single and 250 * 125 * 88 mm - one-time), but its production technology is such that they can differ significantly from different manufacturers: 2-3 mm in each of each The faces, and this is a rather significant difference, if you consider the number of pieces in one row. Therefore, before ordering a party, it is desirable to measure samples from several ruffs to determine how accurately the technology is withstanding.
It is also important to pay attention to the geometry: the faces should be located strictly at 90 °. Otherwise, driving loads will occur, and the wall may crumble.
Types of masonry
Brick walls can perform different roles. In some cases, it is only finishing, in some - partitions, and sometimes bearing walls. They proceed from the destination, as well as the required thermal conductivity of the walls, the type of brickwork is selected:
- In Polkirpich. Most often make facing. The thickness of such a wall is 125 mm. To save, you can put the material and on spoons, then it turns out the wall in a quarter of the brick. When the device of such (in 1/2 or 1/4), a reinforcing grid is stacked in each 4-5 row. It is necessary to increase the rigidity of the wall and create additional connections that increase the strength of the masonry.
- In brick. This may already be partitions or two bearing walls of small buildings. Wall thickness - 250 mm.
- In one and a half, two and two and a half bricks are already carrying walls.
Pulling and names of the series
Although the wall of the brick is composed of a variety of small elements, it should work as a monolith. To ensure increased strength, seams that are a weak place in this system, are made with a displacement. Specialists call this reception "dressing". He as if connects different elements into a single whole, allowing you to redistribute the load on large surfaces.
To ensure the necessary shutoff displacement, bricks are located in different ways:
- if they are turned to the front side of the smallest part - a tych, such a number is called tychkov;
- if they are rotated with a long side - a spoon - a number called naskovoy.
Moreover, the first in the masonry - on the foundation - there is a twitch, they finish the masonry. And for it, it is necessary to use solid bricks.
Single row bandage
Alternate alternation of such rows gives a very good result. Such a dressing method is called a single-row or chain dressing. It is practiced on the walls that are not planned to be finished: it looks neat. According to such a system, both outer and carrier walls can be folded.
Wall masonry schemes
Examples of a single-row brick wall in 1.5 and 2 bricks are shown in the photo below.
Single-row bandage in the wall of 1.5 and 2 croup
In the case of laying walls in two bricks, two more terms appear. Two outer spoonful series are called versts - outdoor verst directed to the street inner vest - to the room. For them, it is used even, good material, especially picking up those that are directed outside. Space between them is called okunt. Since this element is closed from all sides, it is possible to use a lower grade material, for example, used.
Please note that with such a masonry, a sawdust brick is required: halves and three-solid. Three-fourth on the scheme crossed the cross on the cross, halves - one diagonal strip. How to make the adjoining partitions to the walls made in such a technique, shown in the photo below.
Corner schemes
Masonry angle is very important in this case. According to the method, the corners are expelled at first, the cord is stretched between them, and then the wall laying is carried out according to the scheme. But the first to put angles, on how correctly they are expelled, they depend on how even the whole building will be. The laying circuit of the angle in 1 brick with a single-row dressing is located. The laying begins with the installation of two 3/4 pieces, then go integers.
Sequence of actions Look in the video. A very detailed explanation with a step-by-step demonstration of the Procedure.
The same system, but in the wall of 1.5 bricks. Besides whole, slices are required 3/4 and quarters. A spoonful row alternately on the inner, then on the external verst.
As this scheme is placed in practice, look in the video.
When laying an angle of 2 bricks in the first row, all the same two three-fourth pieces are required, and another 6 fourth or, as they say checkers. In the second - one on 3/4 and two cups is already required.
Multi-row bandage
With a multiple dressing, several spoon rows are 6 (for single bricks) or 5 (for one-time) - mixed with one pump. The first and the latter also put the chips. This method is also suitable for laying outdoor and inland walls. Only they are usually planned under insulation or finish.
Wall masonry schemes
In order for such a system, separate columns, spoonful rows inside are also tied up. To ensure the displacement of the seams use crushed bricks.
Brickwork with your own hands: a multi-row dressing diagram of 2 and 2.5 bricks
The adjoining of walls with this method also occurs with the first. This ensures the increased strength of the adjoining of commoners. Schemes - in the photo below.
Masonry charts corners
And again about how to lay corners, but already with a multiple dressing. If the wall in one brick, even and odd rows (except the first) are the same.
All this you will see in the video.
If the wall is 1.5 bricks, in the first and second rows with tonchkovy, but located in the outer, then in the inner mile. The third and fourth rows are exclusively put on spoons.
The fifth row is put similarly to the third, the sixth - the fourth. Next, the system is repeated. At times, not a multi-row (with 5 spoon poisons), and a three-row system. Then from the fifth row of Claus repeats.
Solution for brickwork
Brick is put on cement-sandy solution. Cement is not lower than M400, sand is clean, loose. The proportions for the specified brand - 1 to 4 (for M500 - 1: 5). They are making manually or with a concrete mixer, but the order does not change.
First, the sand is sifted, a binder is added to it, everything in a dry state is mixed until a homogeneous color is reached. Then plot water. Its quantity of 0.4-0.6 parts, but look at the plasticity of the solution. With a plastic solution, it is more convenient to work with a rigid, but when the hollow brick is laying in this case, the solution consumption is strongly increasing: it fills emptiness. In this case, it is more practical to make a hard solution.
To improve plasticity and more convenient operation, it is added to the composition of lime, clay or liquid detergent (you can have soap for hands, there are in large flasks). The number of additives is completely small - no more than 0.1 parts, but the characteristics of the solution are improved significantly: it is easier to lay it, it does not decrease longer.
Immediately it is worth warning: do not knead the large volumes at once. The cheapest must be used for two hours. And in the last half hours, it can be difficult to work with it: the separation of water can begin, and maybe begin to be captured. It depends on weather conditions and quality of cement, from the thoroughness of the kneading. If brick laying with your own hands is your first experience in this area, getting out will slowly. Therefore, it is better to make a portion of the solution small.
Approximate solution
Often, newcomers planning to lay a brick occurs: at what temperature you can work. Without special additives, it is possible to work with positive temperatures. IN better option - not lower than + 7 ° C. This threshold at which the cement is normally seized. At lower temperatures, the hardening process almost stops, as a result, the solution can crumble, and the strength of the wall will be low. To reduce the bar there are special anti-corrosive additives, but the cost of such a solution is already high: the price of these additives is considerable.
Before use, the solution is stirred, since heavy particles can fall down, and water climb up. The mixed solution is applied to the bucket and transfer to the placement location, where it is distributed. Immediately put the strip of solution - bed - for one row. Under the twitching series width bed 200-220 mm, for a spoonful - 80-100 mm. If the seam is filled in completely, about 10-15 mm are retreating from the edge, the solution height is 20-25 mm, which, when laying, provides seams of 10-12 mm. Before installing the brick, the solution is aligned with cells.
There are three techniques for brickwork. On the hard low-plate solution use the technique "Let's". At the same time, the seams are filled completely. If the layer is plastic, use the technique of "principle".
Brickwork technique "Injection"
As already spoke, this method of masonry bricks is used with a plastic solution. It should be movable, easy to apply and shifted. This is achieved by adding additives. It is possible to lay out the solution immediately to the entire surface of the wall: additives allow you to extend the time before the setting.
The bed holds a thickness of about 20 mm, the order of about 15-20 mm remains from the edge. Such an indent avoids the squeezing of the solution to the front surface, but at the same time the edges of the seams remain frequently empty. This significantly reduces the strength of the wall, because in the regions with seismic activity, the laying of the vest rows (outer and internal) is prohibited by such a method.
When laying a spoonful row taking a brick, holding it with a slight tilt. Summing up to the already laid, at a distance of 8-10 cm begin to raise the solution to the edge (tych). When docking it turns out that the seam is already partially filled. Brick is attached a bit down (hesitated), pressing it to bed. Surplus are removed by Kielma and depart or in a bucket, or on the wall.
Masonry Masonry Brick "Rizetik"
With this technique often it turns out that the vertical seams are filled only partially. Because this method is called another "empty". They are filled when laying beds for the next row. If the technique has not yet been very worked out, filling the seams better before laying the following row: emptiness reduce the strength and thermal insulation characteristics.
When laying a toncho series, everything is also just, only we will prigify the solution with a spoofing face. The slaughterhouse is stacked, like the tile rows, and then pressed the palm. It is necessary to monitor all the stones on the same level. It is done with the help of a construction level, and the verticality of the wall checks the plumb every 3-4 rows.
Technique "Let's"
When working with hollow bricks, rigid solutions are usually used. In this case, it is used by the brick technique "Let's". In this case, it is also necessary to work.
The bed is placed at a distance of 10 mm from the edge, the thickness is still about 20 mm. Since the same composition stretches badly, it is prevented by the edge of the laid brick tool. Left hand take a brick and press it to Kelma, at the same time pulling it up. In this case, continue to put the brick, seeking the required thickness of the seam (10-12 mm).
Technique "Instruptyk"
Surplus the solution is selected by Clavma. Setting several fragments, taking the level checking the horizontal of the row, tapping the knob of the Kelma straightening the position. The solution squeezed at that time. It turns out a dense laying, but the process takes longer: more movements are required.
Direction with trimming
The average productivity method is to use the sutures of the seams. At the same time, the Bed method is folded close to the edge (10 mm), as when the masonry is taking, and the masonry method is in addition: zipped the solution with brick, put, put it, removed the excess. If the wall is subsequently not planned to be separated by anything, after several rows it is necessary to take the extender - a special tool and give the seams the required form (convex, concave, flat).
As you can see, this is a kind of symbiosis. To work it was more convenient, the solution is also made with the "intermediate" plasticity. If it is too liquid, it will flush along the wall, leaving the drums, because it needs to be kneaded slightly more densely than when laying in addition.
Brickwork DIY: Tools, order and features
Now, how to lay a brick with your own hands you have an idea, you need to talk about the procedure for actions as well as some technical nuances.
Let's start with the tool. We will be needed:
- mason Kelma - apply and spitting on bricks;
- concrete mixer or tank for the kneading solution;
- mortar shovel - for kneading and periodic mixing;
- two to three buckets for the solution;
- pinch - check vertical walls and angles,
- construction level - to check the horizontal masonry of the row;
- poison cord - to beat the ranks;
- box (for shape molding);
- molotok-Kirk for the belling of defective bricks (halves, 3/4 and cupcakes - 1/4);
- rule is a metal or wooden smooth plank for checking the wall plane.
Read more about the features of technology. First: Before use, brick is preferably soak. Especially important is in hot dry weather. Then it will be less "pull" moisture from the solution. If the moisture is not enough, cement will not be able to gain the required strength, which will affect the strength of the building.
Second: the first corners are driven out. First two first. They are binding to 2-3 rows of bricks on the selected laying scheme. Then the third angle is driven out. The second and third are also associated with several full-fledged rows. After the fourth angle and the perimeter closes. So it should be erected by the walls, bypassing them around the perimeter, rather than cast the walls in turn. This is one of the most common mistakes.
Third: There are two solid control technologies. The first - nails are inserted into the seams of the corners, which are tied with laces. It needs to be tightened so that he noted the top face of the brick, and also limited the outer (and if necessary) the surface of the wall.
The second method is to use wooden or metal spitches. This is a flat strap or corner, on which letters are applied every 77 mm - risks on a tree or cutting on metal. They note the required thickness of the row: the height of the brick + seam. They are installed with the help of flat mounting brackets, which are inserted into the seam. If necessary, they are then simply removed and rearranged above.
There is another way - a corner of a mason. It has on the one hand a slot in which the whar is started. "Sits" by an angle per solution.
The disadvantage of this method is the same as simply nailing in the seam: the height of the row should be monitored by "manually" when the corners are removed. With a lack of experience (and where to take it, if the brickwork is done with their own hands for the first time) it is difficult. Having (making it yourself), the order is all easier.
Fourth: Preparation of defective bricks. As you saw, halves, three-fourth bricks and cupcakes are used when laying - 1/4 of part. In order for the work does not slow down, you need to prepare them before laying. This is done with the help of a hammer-kirk. When preparing, high accuracy is required, otherwise a bandage will be bought. To control the length easier, it makes markers of the corresponding length on the handle. Having attached a handle to the brick, it makes marks on both sides of the spoon. Then, by putting Kirk's blade to the mark, they beat the hammer on the reverse side, making scubons. Having grabbing on both spoons, a strong blow of the kirk is cleaned with a brick.
Brick for a long time is one of the most popular artificial building materials in our country. Many buildings and structures are made with it, so almost every self-respecting builder is obliged to know how to put a brick. This material is in demand not only as the main one, but also applies to the decor of certain elements.
Brick Masonry Tools
The construction site is put on a brick in workwear and using construction tools. It is recommended to use dense long sleeves clothing so that the particles of the solution do not fall on the body. They can have a negative effect on the skin. Eyes protect the glasses, and protect hands easily with tight mittens / gloves on a rubberized basis.
Making a masonry at an altitude of more than one and a half meters without a special platform or forests will not work, so they need to take care of them in advance. They are made of wooden beams and boards.
Build a brickwork with the help of anxulated staircase or a stepladder is strictly prohibited!
Mandatory will be the minimum set of devices and tools:
- kelma / triangular triangular triangular;
- level, it is desirable to have one short to half a meter in stock and one long at least meter;
- cord long no less than the length of the wall;
- fixture for the seam sharing;
- kirk for brick cutting;
- plumb;
- roulette;
- corolnic
In many operations, Kelma is involved. It is convenient for applying a cement mortar and to remove its excess. The back side of her handle bricks on a wet solution.
Preparation of cement mortar
Proper laying of bricks is not possible without the preparation of a high-quality water solution of sand and cement. It is customary to take the ratio of bulk substances from 1: 4 to 1: 6. If there is an inscription 400 on the cement packaging, no more than 4 portions of sand are added to one portion. In the "five hundred" brand adopted 5 servings.
With manual stirring, it will be more convenient to mix them in a dry form, and then, pouring several liters of water, to form cassea from the entire mass. As a result, a mixture is obtained that can be kept in the form of a cake on a trowel, then relatively easily subjected to plastic deformation when pressed.
When working with the hollow material, the solution in the brick cavity is not allowed. This is capable of reduced thermal insulation properties of the construction. One specialist should not be melted over 40-50 liters of solution one, since with an average consumption, a large mass can quickly dehydrated and stroke in the prepared container.
If you put a brick wall, there will be several people, then the concrete mixer will help them. Its volume is selected in accordance with the professional capabilities of attracted specialists.
Variety of brickwork fixtures
Most often, smooth walls are placed out of the brick, it is less common to form figure structures. Therefore, the most sought-after its form is a bar of standard sizes with smooth edges and straight corners. Manufacturers offer two large groups of products that differ in composition:
- silicate brick group (based on lime with sand);
- ceramic group (they use an exhymed clay).
The material on a clay basis is divided into such types:
- facing (facial) brick;
- ordinary (construction) material;
- special (heat-resistant).
Ordinary blocks it is customary to bring the walls to which subsequently suppose finishing material, for example, layer of plaster or decorative trim. The facing type is made in advance, uniform color with a high quality surface. The material has a higher cost and does not assume the presence of an additional outdoor skin.
For facing bricks prepare a solution with the addition of a koller so that the wall looks homogeneous
Special blocks are made to lay chimneys, furnaces or fireplaces. Refractory properties allow you to form a firebox into one brick, isolating it from the outer surfaces.
Several types of dimensions are used. The most popular is the same format (250x120x65 mm) and one-time dimensions (250x120x88 mm). Construction is used both full and hollow blocks. The second type of quality works for thermal insulation.
For reference! What isolate brick chimney? Asbestos-cement sheets are used for non-residential buildings. Compared to conventional plaster, this material has thermal insulation properties higher than 2.5 times, they are not going to condensate and the sheets are not lit. The disadvantage of such a method is the selection of carcinogens when heated. For residential buildings it is recommended to use metal sheets that also interfere with fire. To increase the thermal insulation, the non-flammable insulation will need.
Video: Bugs of beginner bricklayers in brickwork
Varieties of masonry
Put a brick in several ways. From this will depend on the thickness of the wall or room partition.
Brickwork is a design, a brick laid in a certain order and bonded with a solution
Traditionally use several techniques:
- a quarter of a brick - the bar is installed horizontally axes along the wall, leaning on a smaller side of the side, while the width of the wall or partition will be minimal 65 or 88 mm, depending on the type of material;
- pollikirpich will provide a wall width of 120 mm, which is enough for summer buildings or as a decor to the wall of the slag block;
- the masonry in one brick is used for outer walls, it will be 250 mm;
- width of the wall in a half brick will provide better heat insulation, as it has 340 mm;
- for two-story building We put a width of at least 510 mm wide in two bricks.
Putting the brickwork is necessary at temperatures above 5ºС, since at a lower value, the solution may not provide a high-quality coupling.
Direct factories
Before you put the brick, it is necessary to wait for the full frosting of the foundation. This will not allow the walls in some sections, which can lead to the destruction of the structure. Under the first layer, waterproofing is laid out in the form of double Lena from the rubberoid. It will create a moisture barrier and will not allow the walls to get into the walls, absorbing the water from the soil.
In the construction process, it is necessary to control the horizontal line for laying and vertical angle. In the first case, it helps stretched lace along the whole wall and level, and in the second - use a plumb.
The initial row, stacked on the foundation, sets the tone of the whole wall, so it is important to approach its stacking, not allowing distortion. A solution is placed between bricks, which should provide a gap of 5-6 mm. Rows have the same seam at 7-8 mm. The first rows are preferably monitored after each block using a level. A small amount of solution must be applied to the sides of the bars stacked.
Before making the wall, you need to designate the angles, bringing them to the height of three or four levels. Vertical seams should not be through, for this, each bar is shifted along the axis relative to the previous row. Eliminate the bulge (the protrusion of the laying area relative to the whole wall) or the depression can be in advance, applying the level vertically to the front side of the wall.
To the place under the laying of a trowel or celma put a solution. It forms a "bed", and when laying on it, a brick will be a gap of several millimeters. We grab the handle of the trunk along the top surface until the block sees the level measured by the height of the stretched lace. The protruding solution is collecting a trowel from all sides.
It is more convenient to pick up a lot of bucket, and next to have a brick stock. It saves time and strength. Every 4-5 rows we recommend putting a metal mesh for the reinforcement of the layer. Such an approach minimizes the possibility of shrinking cracks.
To lay the corners of the brick after the fifth row use a metal corner. It is fixed from the outside, and then injected from the inside the corner of the brick before the touch. This ensures verticality.
Before working in dry weather, bricks are often soaked in water so that they are soaked in moisture.
The soaking process takes about an hour and allows not to pull quickly moisture from the solution. Summer frozen will be held under normal conditions. If there is no time to wait, it is enough to pour the material with water from the watering can.
Video: How to display angle of brick
Selection of seam
There are several types of seams that are chosen on the basis of possible further work with the wall.
- Sublica
The mass of the solution is evenly distributed, occupying all the space between adjacent levels. A smooth and smooth surface is ensured throughout the area. The technique is in demand when erending the inner surface of furnaces and fireplaces. The lack of relief on the inner surface does not allow in the seams to accumulate soot. Designers rarely apply this type for decorating.
- Convex / concave
Used exclusively in decorative purposes. Provide such a relief helps a device made using a 8-12 mm diameter circumcised along the axis of a short tube. Depending on which side to use it, we obtain the U-shaped seam.
- Pustose
The solution is put on the platform so that it does not be over the brick boundaries, providing a technological slot of a small depth. Such relief is needed relevant for surfaces left under the plaster. Hooking for the texture, the finish will be better to stay.
The required amount of brick is calculated on the table. It is advisable to harvest 10-12% more on the formation of complex angles and joints.
Before proceeding with the masonry, you need to lay out the first two rows without a solution to determine the sizes. During the construction of the walls, it is not necessary to use trimming or residues for window and doorways. And the latter, what you need to remember - before a solution, the brick should dry.
Video: how to put a brick. How to make perfect seams
Masonry is not a tricky at first glance and not everyone can do it. Education to this case is better to start with the theory, but only then start practicing. Professional builders, too, when they started from scratch. They also did not immediately manage everything, and there were mistakes, but since they are educated in this area, they quickly corrected them and improved their skills.
Brickwork
- Case time-consuming. The quality of laying on the direct depends on the service life.
Looking a brick can learn anyone who wants and, having knowledge and skills, you can build a good building!
Varieties of masonry several:
- Masonry made of simple brick - solid;
- Masonry from ordinary brick in the form.
- Masonry from ordinary brick with horizontal bonds in the form of tychkins (concrete-brick).
- Masonry from ceramic slotted brick.
The masonry is carried out by rows, bricks are placed on a sandy cement solution. The next row is moving a little to the side, this is done in order for the wall to be strong. By the way, the sand-cement mortar should also be able to do. For its preparation, it is necessary to make the calculation of the ingredients otherwise the solution can be turned out not to the consistency that is needed.
Technology laying
The first row of bricks are laid on, while the irregularities of the latter are aligned with the solution. It is necessary to know that before laying a brick, you need to do. For this purpose, such materials are suitable such as bituminous mastic, glass cholester and other suitable materials.
Then we need to place the walls, it is done using a special cord and level. In the corners, bricks are exposed - lighthouses, they are installed in places intersection of walls and in nodes and window openings. If the walls are long, then intermediate lighthouses, which will be attached to the cord. As far as the brick is smoothly laid, check using the level and bar, which is placed on bricks.
Work professionals first lay out the angles. In the outlined places, the brick laying is made in 3-4 rows and directly to the foundation. Such actions allow you to relocate the cord to the next row. In the event that the wall is thicker than half of the brick, then the laying of the first row is done perpendicular to the wall.
Various ways of laying bricks
An inexperienced employee will be difficult to observe. This requires an easy device that can be made independently. To fit you, you need a wooden bar with a piece nail to it, the thickness of which is one cm. This piece of plywood should be similar to the letter "P". The inside of the plywood should be equal to the length and width of the brick, and the height of the "legs" should be equal to the thickness of the seam.
The laying of the solution is carried out in the inner opening and the excess solution is removed by the trowel. To simplify work, take a special device. It is made from a pair of rails, the length of which is from one to one and a half meters, they make holes. Rakes must be at the height of the brick and width of the masonry seam. When this fixture is used, the transfer of the cord for marking is easier and the laying of the brick is better.
To learn whether the right bricks were laid, a wooden or metal square is used in the corners.
When checking the walls use a plumb. The solution is usually placed by a ciel or trowel. Bricks are usually aligned with China.
Cooking mortar
Solution requirements:
- Plastic;
- The absence of small pebbles.
Structure:
- water,
- sand.
For the solution, the M300 cement brand is used, sacred sand of medium grain. Ingredients need to be taken in proportions 1: 4, where one part is cement, and four parts of the sand.
To improve viscosity and plasticity, clay is added to the solution. With a small amount of work for the solution take ready-made dry mixes. Such mixtures have in their composition all the necessary ingredients in the desired quantity.
It is necessary to add water to the finished mixture and stir well so that there are no lumps.
The readiness of the solution is checked like this: in the container where the solution is located, throw the blade down, and if the trowel enter the solution to the knob itself, then the solution was prepared correctly.
The process of laying bricks
The brick was and remains the most popular building material due to its qualities as: strength, fire resistance, low thermal conductivity, frost resistance, environmental friendliness.
It is possible to list his advantages indefinitely, however, the fact is a fact - the most common buildings will be built out of the brick, which will serve not one decade.
Is it really possible to make the masonry of the walls of the brick? It is possible if you adhere to some rules. Sniped on various design conditions, architecture and structures give certain recommendations for the construction of brick houses.
And how much is a brickwork for specialists? You will be answered the same: prices fluctuate depending on the time of year, complexity and speed of laying. But it was always like this - the price of one brick will be equal to the price of working with it. Those., If the brick costs 100 rubles, then for the work, the mason will take 100 rubles / pcs (provided that the whole construction material And provide tools with you).
Types of brick masonry
Since bricks are not stacked by "ababy as", but in a certain sequence, then the varieties of brick masonry also have their names.
Masonry depending on the material
- Brick (classical) - produced from the usual (ceramic) or silicate brick;
- Finely and large - from blocks of various sizes (slag blocks, aerated concrete, foam concrete, ceramic or cement brick. It should be cleaner here, since the weight of the brick masonry will have a significant impact on the foundation of the house);
- Tree - from the treated stone of a certain geometric shape;
- Bubble - It is produced from the stones of the wrong shape, which in its composition Booth with cement.
Masonry, depending on the characteristics of the laying
- Solid - represents a monolithic structure, the width of which is half a clicha. At the same time, bricks are located longitudinally towards the outside of the wall;
- Lightweight and reinforced - The first is used to build the structures of low-rise houses (more often in 1-2 floors), consists of two parallel walls erected into the Polkirpich. The cavity between the walls is filled with insulation. The second is used when the construction of reinforced structures is required - for the construction of walls experiencing increased load. In this case, the walls are reinforced transversely, laying the metal grid every three masonry rows.
- Decorative - This kind of brickwork is used almost everywhere, because With it, it is drawn up the facades of the walls, arches, columns. With decorative masonry, you can combine different types Bricks (for example, silicate and ceramic), however, additional reinforcement is performed.
Important! It is not recommended to build a hollow hollow wall, in order to avoid snacks and sopping design.
Brickwork of angle in 1 brick: "multiple dressing system", video:
1.5 bricks: "multi-row dressing system", video:
2 bricks: "chain dressing system", video:
Schemes of brick masonry
- chain - Tychkovy and spoonful rows alternate, with the vertical seams of spoonful coincide;
- cross - horizontal spoonful seams must go to view;
- dutch - Tychkovy and mixed rows alternate (at the same time, spoonful and tile bricks fit in turn - so the mixed row is obtained);
- gothic - only mixed rows of seams;
- english - consists of 1 tychko and 2 spoonful rows (with a dressing in Polkirpich);
- multi-row - consists of 1 tychko and 4 spoonful near (with bandaging in Polkirpich);
- multi-row without dressing horizontal seams of masonry.
Bearing shchov
- chain;
- spoonful;
- cross.
The first implies the consistently bogged dressing of vertical joints. At the same time, the tile and spoon rows are desirable to alternate, closing the lower joints at half the length of the brick.
The second is an asymmetrical closure of the joints at half the brick length.
The third lies in the asymmetric closure of the joints.
Tools for masonry
- Slap for applying a solution;
- Construction level (for verification of horizontal and verticality), rule (rail to control the smoothness of the facial surface of the masonry);
- Motor threads for marking (threads are tensioned for a plumb), plumb (for verification of vertical);
- Expanding tool - used for seam design (concave or convex);
- Kirk hammer;
- The blade for mixing the solution;
How to prepare a solution
You will need:
- Sand
- Cement
- Lime
The solution is prepared at the rate of 1: 4 (cement consumption for brickwork according to the "cement - sand" scheme). The powder mixture is poured with water, gradually stirring until the creamy consistency is obtained. You can add lime for the plasticity of the solution.
Tip! If the width is performed in a quarter of the width, then the usual tile glue can be used instead of the preparation of the cement mortar. At the same time, the seams will be much smaller and thinner.
The distribution of the surface on the surface should be evenly carried out, then the bricks will be at the same level, not speaking over the wall.
Important! If the bricks are used again, they should be properly moistened. It is necessary because dry bricks are "pulling out" all the water from the solution, quickly drying it, and this reduces the quality of the solution and does not affect the masonry itself.
Brick laying technology
For those who are taken for such a job for the first time, one can recommend putting a trial ("target") a row without applying a solution to bricks. So you can clearly see the calculation of brick masonry, how much material is spent on one row and how it is located in the row.
Tip! Bricks should be uploaded by integers, paying particular attention to the vertical seams. The seam between them can be done using the wooden lump of a small thickness: brick - bricks - brick. At the same time, the distance between bricks will be the same, and if necessary (already during masonry per solution), you can adjust the thickness of the seam. Another bar will allow you to adjust the thickness of the horizontal seam.
We assume that the foundation of the house is perfectly even. The first row is placed brick, to its faces (see photo) Bruks are applied (two to "Tychka"). Then the cement solution is stacked on the middle of the brick and is distributed over the entire face "Bed". For a stronger grapping of a brick string with a brick, you can catch a laying.
Excess the solution "will be released" through the open sides, it can be collected by a trowel. After that, the bars are removed and shifted to the next brick. If the level and the rule applies, then the seams with the front side will look more than perfect.
Corners
After laying out the first row, the corners should be design.
Important! At this stage, laying the brick especially carefully and carefully, since the following fences will be built with the benchmarks on the corners.
To calculate the corners, the level, plumbing and wooden rail will be required - very durable and even, which will perform the role of "lighthouse".
One end of the lighthouse is vertically installed in the ground, the second is fixed at the beginning of the future angle. So, all four lighthouse should be fixed, be sure to control the vertical of the rail. If all beacons are installed perfectly straight, you can safely lay out the corners.
Brickwork Corner in 1x1 / 2 Brick Video:
How to keep bricks
If the butt seams are made poorly, then the result is bad sealing of seams and large heat loss. In addition, a very much solution will be required for suturing, and this additional flow Cement and sand. What can be done to get neat small seams?
Use bars again. With their help, the brickwork of the outer walls will be released not just perfectly smooth, but will also have the same gaps. Masonry bricks are desirable to tap the hammer after applying the solution.
Walls
After the layout of the butt corners can be processed to the walls of the walls. To control the verticality of the plane of the plane surfaces, you can use the cord. In the seam of the most upper row of the corner, drive the nail to which to bind the end of the cord, then the rope stretches with a little saving to the adjacent angle.
Tip! The sagging will be necessary so that the cord is wound on every nail fixed in the seam. Fastening the rope with a step as frequent as possible, it is often possible to control the flatness of the plane of the wall erected and less forces and time to spend on the alignment of bricks.
After several rows are laid, you need to make the seams with a special tool - it needs to be done immediately until the cement solution hardened. Properly made extending seams will help give the completed view of your design, and the reinforcement of brickwork will strengthen the design.
In conclusion, I would like to add that it is good to lay a brickwork when the air temperature is not reduced below +10 C. It is recommended to perform work in dry weather and only in the warm season. The experienced bricklayers advise to knead the solution exactly to the amount of material that is able to "master" at a time. Otherwise, the structure of a sandy-cement mixture will be broken by adding water and will lose its binding properties.
The rest should be followed by tips and recommendations, data above.