Methodology for conducting an audit of funds. Cash audit planning Cash audit program
Planning an Audit of Cash Flow Operations
The main purpose of the audit of cash transactions is to establish the reliability of cash transactions, to verify that an economic entity complies with the established procedure for accounting and debiting funds from the settlement and other accounts of the bank, the reasonableness of expenses, the correct reflection in accounting and reporting of data on the availability and movement of funds. .
The purpose of the audit is determined by the legislation, the system of regulatory regulation of audit activities, contractual obligations of the auditor and the client.
The main purpose of the audit of cash transactions is to establish compliance by economic entities with the rules for conducting cash transactions, the completeness and accuracy of accounting for cash and banking transactions.
To achieve the main goal of auditing compliance by economic entities with the rules for conducting cash transactions, completeness and accuracy of reflection in the accounting of cash and banking operations, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
ensuring control over the availability and safety of funds;
the correctness and validity of debiting funds from settlement and other accounts in banks;
the correctness of registration and reflection in the accounting of operations on the movement of cash;
the correctness of the reflection of data on the availability and movement of funds in accounting for settlement and other accounts in banks;
the reliability of the data presented in the reporting on accounting and cash flow.
Planning is one of the most important stages of the audit, since without the development of a general strategy and a detailed approach, a high-quality audit is impossible.
The objects of the audit of funds at the enterprise are: primary documents of operations for the movement of funds on the cash desk, on settlement and other accounts in banks.
When conducting an audit of funds, they check:
safety;
legality and correctness of documenting transactions with funds;
the correctness of the reflection on the accounts of accounting transactions with cash.
Considering these tasks, it is checked whether measures have been taken at the LLC "Vektor" enterprise to ensure the safety of funds. To do this, you need to install:
whether materially responsible persons have been appointed by order of the head of the enterprise and whether written agreements have been concluded with them on full individual liability;
whether conditions have been created for financially responsible persons to ensure the safety of material assets;
whether a permanent commission has been appointed by order of the head to conduct an inspection of the safety of material assets;
whether an inventory and selective check of the safety of funds is carried out, and whether their results are documented.
The information base used by the auditor when checking monetary transactions includes:
the main regulatory documents regulating the procedure for conducting cash, banking and settlement operations, as well as accounting for these operations;
order on the accounting policy of the organization;
financial statements - balance sheet and appendix to the financial statements "Statement of cash flows";
tax reporting (information on ruble and foreign currency accounts);
general ledger (form KO-4),
journal-order 1 and statement 1, journal-order 2 and statement 2 (with a journal-order form of accounting);
registers for synthetic accounting of monetary transactions on account 50 and accounts 51, 55 (for other forms of bookkeeping);
primary documents executing transactions with cash: cashier's reports with attached primary documents (incoming and outgoing cash orders, payrolls, receipts, etc.); check money books; bank statements on ruble and foreign currency accounts with attached primary documents (accounts, payment orders, payment requests-orders, advice notes), etc.
By order of the accounting policy, the auditor gets acquainted with:
with a working chart of accounts used by the enterprise to record cash transactions;
the applicable form of accounting and the list of registers for accounting for funds;
document flow (workflow schedule) of primary documents related to the accounting of funds;
a list of persons who have been granted the right to sign monetary and settlement documents.
Let's consider the main stages of conducting an audit, cash transactions at the considered enterprise LLC "Vector".
1) Determination of the purpose and main tasks of the audit, a selection of regulations.
2) Drawing up an audit program for checking funds.
Based on the work plan previously agreed with the client, before the start of the audit, the head of the audit team draws up a program for the implementation of audit services.
The audit program is a development of the audit plan and is a list of audit procedures that are necessary for each specific part of the audit.
The audit program is of two types:
a control test program that contains procedures for collecting information about the functioning of the enterprise's internal control system;
account balance checking programs that contain procedures for collecting information directly about account balances.
The audit program itself can be described as a "detailed instruction" for the complete collection of information sufficient to draw up a reasonable and objective conclusion about the audited entities in accordance with the order and contract.
When determining the audit program, auditors need to have a good understanding of the nature of the activities carried out by the audit firm, the period for which the audit is performed and the purpose of the audit.
In most cases, the object of the audit is the consolidated financial statements of the organization or the activities of its branches and independent structural units. The period for which the audit is carried out is the reporting year, but it can be a separate month, quarter or the entire period of the enterprise's operation.
The audit program includes the following factors:
the work schedule of the auditors, which determines the deadlines for the preparation and submission of materials for drawing up an opinion;
detailed procedures. The program describes in detail all the procedures necessary for the implementation of the audit plan, as well as the goals and objectives for each section of the audit;
control of the audit work. The program is at the same time the basic document for monitoring the performance of tasks by auditors and assistants in the audit team;
staff. The program determines the number of personnel required for the audit, the volume and content of their work.
Each auditor independently establishes requirements for the forms of audit programs. The audit firm develops its audit plan standards.
The audit program includes a list of audit procedures that the auditor must perform in the course of his work, and the timing of their implementation.
When conducting each audit procedure, when drawing up a program, the auditor decides on the amount of data to be checked - the size of the sample (continuous or selective).
Continuous verification is carried out in necessary cases and takes a large amount of time and labor. Sampling method from general to particular - is used mainly for large organizations.
3) Determination of the possibility of using the results of the work of internal audit, by testing controls and substantive procedures.
The control test program is a list of a set of actions designed to collect information about the functioning of the internal control and accounting system. Programs help to identify significant shortcomings, being an integral part of the working documentation of the audit, contribute to documenting the audit process and its results.
Tests of business transactions are developed to check for quantitative errors and detect violations in order to confirm the correctness of financial statement items.
Testing of balance sheet items is focused on the basis of the General Ledger. These are confirmation of accounts receivable and creditors, inventory inventory, cash counting and others.
In practice, most audit firms have their own, independently developed tests for assessing the internal control system, which are only slightly modified based on the specifics of the organization of activities and the structure of the enterprise.
The program of tests of the audit of funds of the enterprise under consideration LLC "Vector" is presented in table 3.1.
Table 3.1
Tests for checking the status of internal control systems and accounting for cash transactions in Vector LLC
№ | The content of the question or object of study | Response content (verification result) | Auditor's Findings and Decisions |
A. Internal control | |||
Is there an agreement on liability with the manager? | There is an order and a contract | The order and the contract meet the established requirements | |
Have conditions been created to ensure the safety of funds? | The cash desk is equipped with an alarm system, cash is stored in a safe | Proper storage conditions for funds are provided | |
Are cases of signing blank checks and payment orders allowed? | Yes | Control risk is low | |
Are cash orders, bank payment documents registered in registration logs? | Registration logs are kept | Control risk is low | |
Are the required details in cash documents completely filled in? | On some documents there is no date, there are corrections, repetitions of numbers | Control risk is high. Pay attention to paperwork | |
Are cash balances withdrawn on a daily basis? | Not | It is necessary to carry out a sudden check of the cash register | |
Are there surprise cash checks? | There were no | The risk of control is high | |
How regularly are the cashier's reports submitted to the accounting department and checked by the chief accountant? | The cashier's reports are transferred to the accounting department and checked by the chief accountant at the end of the week | Weakened current control. The risk of control is high | |
Does the head of the enterprise sign expenditure cash documents? | Yes | Control risk is low | |
Is the completeness of the posting of received funds checked? | Selectively, irregularly | You should check the completeness of the posting of funds | |
Is the established cash limit respected? | Yes | Satisfactory control | |
Is the intended use of funds received from the bank checked? | Yes | Satisfactory control | |
Are the deadlines for the mandatory sale of part of the foreign exchange earnings violated? | Not violated | Satisfactory control | |
How regularly does the chief accountant check the compliance of the data of primary banking documents and accounting registers? | Weekly | Satisfactory control | |
Is the compliance of the performed banking operations with the agreements checked? | Monthly | You should check the order of settlements under the contracts | |
B. Accounting system | |||
Have schemes been developed for recording cash transactions on the accounts? | Only the working chart of accounts is defined, there are no schemes | There may be errors in the correspondence of accounts | |
How often are the cash book data checked against the data of accounting registers and primary documents? | Quarterly | There is a possibility of errors in accounting registers within individual months | |
How are bank statements regularly processed and reflected in the accounting? | Bank statement data is reflected in the accounting for 3-4 days | There may be errors in the correspondence of accounts | |
Do accounting register data match the Cash Flow Statement? | Conform | ||
Is the compliance of the data of cash flow registers checked? | Monthly | The accounting system is satisfactory |
4) Establishing the conformity of accounting data with the data of cash accounting accounts.
5) Checking the organization of liability.
6) Documentation of cash flow.
7) Identification of significant violations of cash accounting, reporting and compliance with the law. Having identified significant issues that require the auditor's professional judgment, together with the conclusions made on these issues, the auditor reflects them in the working documentation in accordance with the federal auditing standard No. 2 "Audit documentation".
8) Expression of opinion on the reliability of reporting in terms of cash accounting.
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Introduction
1. Methodology of accounting and cash audit
1.1 The concept, objectives and economic essence of the audit
1.2 Aims and objectives of the audit
1.3 Stages of an audit
1.4 Requirements, legislation, regulation of auditing
2. Planning an audit of cash transactions of the enterprise OOO "Sphere"
2.1 Structure of the audited enterprise LLC "Sfera"
2.2 Plan and program for the audit of the funds of the enterprise LLC "Sphere"
2.3 Checking the accounting of transactions on a current account in banks
Conclusion
List of sources used
Applications
financial accounting
Introduction
Currently, the Russian economy is undergoing significant changes both at the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. A modern market economy system is taking shape, the nature and methods of economic activity of enterprises and organizations within this system are changing.
One of the most important elements of market relations has been and remains financial control. Such control can be state and independent. The latter is called "audit". The main purpose of the audit is to express an opinion on the reliability of the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entities and the compliance of the accounting procedure with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Data on the use of property and funds, on the conduct of commercial transactions and the direction of investments by legal entities can be objectively confirmed by an independent auditor.
All enterprises, carrying out production and economic activities, enter into relationships with other enterprises, organizations, institutions, employees of the enterprise and individuals. These relationships are based on various monetary settlements in the process of procurement, production and sale of products, works or services. Cash settlements between enterprises are limited and strictly regulated. In a market economy, one should proceed from the principle that the skillful use of funds can bring additional income to the enterprise, and therefore, it is necessary to constantly think about the rational investment of temporarily free funds to obtain additional profit. The correct organization of settlement operations ensures the stability of the turnover of the organization's funds, the strengthening of contractual and settlement discipline in it and the improvement of its financial condition. Cash is the financial resources of the organization, the most highly liquid assets that can ensure the fulfillment of obligations of any level and type. The timeliness of repayment of accounts payable of the enterprise depends on their availability in sufficient volume. In this course work, the issues of auditing cash and cash operations of the enterprise are considered. With the seeming simplicity of accounting for cash payments and, in particular, cash transactions, however, many practitioners admit gross violations of the existing rules for accounting and cash payments. This sometimes results in significant financial losses for the enterprise in the form of penalties.
The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that checking and keeping records of the enterprise's funds is a prerequisite for forming an opinion on the reliability of financial statements in all existing aspects.
The subject of the study is the reliability of the reflection in the accounting of the enterprise's funds, as well as the compliance of the organization of cash accounting with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The object of the study is the financial and economic activity of the enterprise LLC "Sphere", in the city of Ukhta.
The period under review is the 1st quarter of 2010.
The main purpose of the work is to establish the legality, reliability and expediency of transactions with the enterprise's funds, the correctness of their reflection in accounting.
When studying this topic, I set the following tasks:
To reveal the concepts and objectives of the audit in general;
Identify the most important issues to be studied at the stage of conducting a preliminary check of the audit of funds;
Assess the quality of the organization of internal control over the movement and safety of funds;
Check the procedure for conducting transactions with funds for compliance with current legislation;
Give a brief description of the report on the results of the audit.
1. Accounting and Cash Auditing Methodology
1.1 The concept, objectives and economic essence of the audit
Audit is a functional science of methods and techniques of independent financial control. It is interconnected with such functional sciences as accounting (financial and managerial), business analysis, operational management (regulation, coordination and monitoring of plans), financial control, including its various forms.
Audit as a science is a system of knowledge about the methods and techniques of independent financial control. Audit as a practice is a type of management activity that boils down to independent financial control of accounting and evaluation of accounting (financial) statements.
The subject of the audit is one of the main management functions, one of the types of socially necessary activities to provide users with reliable information from the audited entity's financial statements for decision-making by users of these statements, i.e. feedback is provided between economic entities and users.
The object of the audit is the accounting (financial) statements of organizations and the reflection in them of the final production and economic activities of organizations.
Audit methodology - a set of special techniques, i.e. specific procedures, calculations, mathematical models, comparisons used to substantiate an opinion on the degree of reliability of reporting.
Audit evidence is obtained from the performance of substantive procedures and tests of internal controls.
Along with the concept of "audit", the term "audit activity" is also distinguished. In accordance with Federal Law No. 307-FZ dated 30.12.2008 and world experience, audit activities include three components: audit, audit-related services, and other audit services.
Audit is a specific information system for ensuring the legal protection of property interests of owners and the state on the basis of independent control over the reliability of reporting, the financial condition of business entities and assisting them in setting up accounting and management, compliance with the legality of economic activity, including taxation requirements, etc.
Audit-related services are services other than audit, the list of which is established by federal auditing standards. These include reviews, agreed procedures, compilation of financial statements (Federal Standards No. 24. 30. 31. 33).
An indicative list of other audit services contains part 7 of Art. 1 of the Federal Law of December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ "On Auditing", for example:
Statement, restoration and maintenance of accounting, preparation of financial statements, accounting consulting;
Analysis of financial and economic activities of organizations and individual entrepreneurs, economic and financial consulting;
Appraisal activity;
Training in areas related to auditing, etc.
Auditing standards are uniform requirements for the procedure for conducting audit activities, the design and assessment of the quality of an audit and related services, for the procedure for preparing auditors and assessing their qualifications
Auditing activities - activities for conducting an audit and providing audit services, carried out by audit organizations, individual auditors.
Auditor (from lat. Auditor - listener, student, follower) - a person who checks the state of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise for a certain period. The auditor differs from the auditor in its essence: in the approach to checking the documentation; relationship with the client; conclusions drawn from the results of the audit, etc. Audit is much broader than such concepts as revision and control. It provides not only verification of the reliability of financial indicators, but, no less important, the development of proposals for optimizing business activities in order to rationalize costs and increase profits.
1.2 Goals and objectives of the audit
The goals and objectives of audit activities are very multifaceted. Preference belongs to external audit. Its purpose and main tasks are defined in the Federal Law No. 307 of December 30, 2008 and the Federal Rules (Standards) of Auditing, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 23.09.2002 No. 696. The main goal of an external audit is to provide objective, real and accurate information about the audited object. The achievement of the main goal is facilitated by the current requirements for auditing. First of all - independence and objectivity during audits, as well as confidentiality, professionalism, competence and integrity of the auditor
An external audit is carried out on a contractual basis by audit organizations and individual auditors in order to objectively assess the state of affairs in the field of accounting and financial reporting of an economic entity.
Internal audit is an independent activity of checking and evaluating the performance of an organization for the benefit of its leaders. The purpose of internal audit is to help the organization's employees perform their functions effectively. Such work is carried out by auditors working directly for the same firm. Small organizations may not have full-time auditors. In this case, the internal audit can be entrusted to the audit commission or an audit firm on a contractual basis.
An audit can be proactive (voluntary) when it is carried out by decision of the company's management or its founders, or mandatory if its conduct is due to a direct indication in the Federal Law or a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.
The main goal of an initiative audit is to identify shortcomings in accounting, reporting, taxation, to analyze the financial condition of an economic entity and help it organize accounting and reporting. It is usually carried out by decision of the management of the economic entity. The goals of an initiative audit can be very different, for example: control over the state of accounting in general or its individual sections; study of financial statements; organization of office work on accounting; assessment of the applied means and methods of accounting automation; assessment of the status of tax settlements, etc. It can be both complex and thematic, in the latter case, only individual sections and sections of accounting are subject to control and analysis. The most time-consuming and responsible is a complete and continuous verification of accounting data, starting with primary documents. Another thing is the inventory of assets and liabilities, selective verification of primary accounting data or only the data contained in accounting registers and reporting. The methodology for conducting an initiative audit may differ from a statutory audit.
Mandatory audit in our country is carried out in accordance with Art. 5 of the Federal Law No. 307 of December 31, 2008, which presents the essence of the annual mandatory audit of accounting and financial reporting of an organization or individual entrepreneur.
Mandatory audit, according to the Federal Law, is carried out in the following cases:
If the organization has the organizational and legal form of an open joint stock company;
The organization is a credit institution, a credit history bureau, an insurance organization or a mutual insurance company, a commodity or stock exchange, an investment fund, a state non-budgetary fund, the source of the formation of funds of which is the mandatory calculations provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, made by individuals and legal entities, the fund, sources of the formation of funds which are voluntary contributions of individuals and legal entities;
The amount of revenue of an organization or an individual entrepreneur from the sale of products (performance of work or provision of services) for the previous reporting year exceeds 50 million rubles or the amount of balance sheet assets as of the end of the year preceding the reporting year exceeds 20 million rubles;
In other cases established by federal laws.
According to the object of study, it is customary to distinguish three types of audit: financial, compliance and operational.
Financial audit (audit of financial statements) provides for the assessment of the reliability of financial information. The generally accepted principles of accounting organization are usually used as evaluation criteria.
A compliance audit is designed to identify how an entity is complying with specific rules, regulations, laws, regulations, contractual obligations that affect the results of operations or reports.
Operational audit is used to check the procedures and methods of the operation of the enterprise, to evaluate productivity and efficiency. It can be used to check the implementation of business plans, various targeted programs, etc.
Depending on the intended goals, the operational audit is carried out at the intersectoral, sectoral, intraeconomic levels, by external or internal auditors, in the interests of external or internal users.
According to the frequency of audits, a distinction is made between initial and periodic audits. An initial audit is such a check that is carried out for the first time at a given enterprise. Periodic audit is carried out at the given enterprise, as a rule, annually.
1.3 Stages of an audit
The audit includes several stages: preparation for the audit, collection of evidence and drawing up an audit report.
Preparation of an audit includes drafting a letter on the audit and the conclusion of the contract. The audit letter is drawn up on the basis of Federal Standard No. 12. In the course of reaching an agreement with the management of the audited entity, the auditor may use an audit letter - a document sent by the auditor to the prospective audited entity and signed by the management of the audited entity in case of agreement with the main terms of the audit assignment .
The purpose of the audit letter is to regulate the obligations of an economic entity and an audit organization or an auditor working independently as an individual entrepreneur at the stage of concluding an agreement on an audit. In the case of recurring audits over a number of years, the auditor should decide whether there is a need to revise the terms of the audit engagement or to remind the auditee of the existing terms of the contract.
In order to reduce entrepreneurial risk, audit organizations must have reliable criteria for evaluating potential clients. The audit organization collects objective information about a potential client. Sources of such information can be: mass media; banks; insurance organizations; business partners, etc. If the results of the work performed indicate that when working with this entity, the auditor's entrepreneurial risk will be too high, and the audit will be too laborious, the audit contract may not be concluded. An agreement is considered concluded if an agreement is reached between the parties in the form required in the relevant cases on all essential terms of the agreement.
Audit planning is governed by federal standard No. 3. The provisions of the standard apply primarily to recurring audits. For an audit that is conducted in respect of this audited entity for the first time, the auditor needs to expand the planning process to include other issues in addition to those specified in Federal Standard No. 3. The issues of conducting an initial audit are further disclosed in Federal Standard No. 19.
Audit planning includes the following main stages: preliminary, preparation and drawing up of a general audit plan, preparation and drawing up of an audit program.
In the process of preparing the general plan and the audit program, the effectiveness of the internal control system operating in the economic entity is assessed, and the internal control system itself is assessed. The internal control system is effective if it warns in a timely manner about the occurrence of inaccurate information and reveals it. When evaluating the effectiveness of the internal control system, the audit organization should collect a sufficient amount of audit evidence. If the audit organization decides to rely on the system of internal control and the accounting system to obtain a sufficient degree of confidence in the reliability of the financial statements, it should adjust the scope of the forthcoming audit.
The results of the procedures carried out by the audit organization during the preparation of the general plan and program should be documented in detail, since they serve as the basis for planning the audit and can be used throughout the process of auditing sections and accounts of accounting.
The general list of objects of verification when drawing up a general audit plan covers the following items:
Constituent and other general documents of the organization;
Accounting policy of the organization;
fixed assets;
Intangible assets;
Productive reserves;
Payroll calculations;
Cash;
Accounting reports and applications, etc.
The development of an audit program includes steps similar to those of the development of an overall audit plan. The program is a development of the general audit plan and is a detailed list of audit procedures necessary for the practical implementation of the audit plan. It serves as a detailed instruction to the auditor's assistants and at the same time - a means of controlling the timing of the work for the heads of the audit organization.
The auditor should document the audit program, assign a number to each procedure performed in order to be able to refer to them in working documents in the course of work. The audit program is compiled in the form of a program of tests of controls, or in the form of a program of audit procedures on the merits.
The auditor's conclusions for each section of the audit program, documented in the working documents, are the actual material for the preparation of the audit report and the audit opinion, as well as the basis for the formation of an objective opinion of the auditor on the financial statements of the economic entity.
At the end of the planning process, the overall plan and program must be documented and endorsed in the prescribed manner.
In Russian practice, the issues of obtaining audit evidence are regulated by Federal Standard No. 5, which establishes uniform requirements for the quantity and quality of evidence that must be obtained during the audit of financial statements, as well as for procedures performed in order to obtain evidence.
Audit evidence - information obtained by the auditor during the audit, and the result of the analysis of this information, on which the auditor's opinion is based. Audit evidence includes, in particular, primary documents and accounting records, which are the basis of financial statements, as well as written explanations of authorized employees of the audited entity and information obtained from various sources (third parties).
Testing internal controls means testing to obtain audit evidence about the proper organization and effectiveness of the accounting and internal control systems.
Substantive procedures are designed to obtain audit evidence of material misstatements in the financial statements. The verification procedures mean:
Detailed tests evaluating the correctness of the reflection of transactions and the balance of funds on the accounts of accounting;
analytical procedures.
The objects of assessment of accounting and internal control systems, regarding which the auditor collects evidence, include:
Organization - the arrangement of accounting and internal control systems that ensures the prevention and detection, as well as the correction of material misstatements;
Operation - the effectiveness of the operation of accounting and internal control systems during the relevant period.
Audit evidence is more persuasive if it is obtained from different sources, has different content and does not contradict each other. In such cases, the auditor may provide a higher degree of assurance than that obtained from considering the audit evidence in isolation. On the contrary, if the audit evidence obtained from one source is inconsistent with the evidence obtained from another, the auditor should determine additional procedures to determine the reasons for such a discrepancy.
The auditor obtains audit evidence by performing substantive procedures such as inspection, observation, inquiry, confirmation, restatement, and analytical procedures. The duration of these procedures depends, in particular, on the period allotted for obtaining audit evidence.
Inspection- represents the verification of records, documents or tangible assets.
Observation- represents the auditor's tracking of a process or procedure performed by others.
Inquiry— seeking information from knowledgeable persons within or outside the entity being audited.
In order to expand the provisions regarding the methods of collecting audit evidence, the issues discussed should be developed in the internal standards of both accredited professional audit associations and internal standards of audit organizations. During the audit, all actions of auditors are aimed at achieving the main goal of the audit - the formation of an objective opinion on the reliability of the financial statements of an economic entity. This opinion forms the content of the auditor's report. According to Art. 6 Federal Law of December 30, 2008 No. 307, audit report- an official document intended for users of the financial statements of the audited entities, containing the auditor's opinion expressed in the prescribed form on the reliability of the financial statements of the audited entity. When drawing up an audit report, the auditor is guided by the provisions of federal standards No. 6, 10, 11, 22, 23.
The audit organization is obliged to submit an audit report only to the economic entity in the agreed number of copies and within the terms stipulated by the parties.
In accordance with the Federal Law of December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ "On Auditing", the audit report must contain:
1) Name "Auditor's report";
2) Indication of the addressee (shareholders of a joint-stock company, participants in a limited liability company, other persons);
3) Information about the audited entity: name, state registration number, location;
4) Information about the audit organization, individual auditor: name of the organization, full name of the individual auditor, state registration number, location, name of the self-regulatory organization of auditors, the members of which are the specified audit organization or individual auditor, number in the register of auditors and audit organizations;
5) A list of financial statements in respect of which the audit was carried out, indicating the period for which it was drawn up, the distribution of responsibility in relation to these statements between the audited entity and the audit organization;
6) Information about the work performed by the audit organization to express an opinion on the reliability of the financial statements of the audited entity (the scope of the audit);
7) Opinion of an audit organization, an individual auditor on the reliability of the financial statements of the audited entity, indicating the circumstances that have or may have a significant impact on the reliability of such statements;
8) Indication of the date of conclusion.
The audit report must be signed by the head of the auditor or a person authorized by the head and the person who conducted the audit, indicating the number and validity of his qualification certificate. These signatures must be sealed.
An auditor's report in accordance with federal rule (standard) No. 6 "Auditor's report on accounting (financial) statements" in terms of assessing the reliability of accounting statements can be unconditionally positive or modified.
Unconditionally positive conclusion- such a conclusion means that the financial statements give a reliable idea of the financial position and results of the financial and economic activities of the audited entity in accordance with the established principles and methods of accounting and preparing financial statements in the Russian Federation. All other conclusions are modified.
The modified auditor's report may:
Be negative.
The auditor's report is considered modified if:
Factors that do not affect the auditor's opinion, but are described in the auditor's report in order to draw the attention of users to any situation that has developed with the audited entity and disclosed in the financial statements;
Factors Influencing the Auditor's Opinion that May Lead to a Qualified Opinion, Disclaimer of Opinion or Adverse Opinion.
The auditor's report shall be accompanied by a complete set of financial statements of the economic entity for the corresponding financial year, in respect of which the audit is being carried out.
Part 5 of Art. 6 of the Federal Law of December 30, 2008 No. 307, the concept of "knowingly false audit report" is introduced, drawn up without an audit or drawn up based on the results of an audit, but clearly contradicting the content of the documents submitted to the audit organization and considered during the audit. An audit report is recognized as knowingly false by a court decision.
1. 4 requirements, lawsabout, regulationaudit activity
The relevant legal and legislative documents contain provisions on the organization of audit activities, certification and advanced training of auditors. The main documents that ensure the regulatory regulation and functioning of the auditing system in the Russian Federation include: Civil Code, Tax Code, Accounting Law, Federal Law "On Auditing", Federal Law "On Licensing Certain Types of Activities" dated 08.08.2001 No. 128-FZ, Temporary regulation on the system of training and advanced training of auditors in the Russian Federation, approved. Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 12, 2002 No. 93n, Federal Rules (Standards) of Auditing, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 23.09. 2002 No. 696.
In Russia, the system of regulatory regulation of audit activities is in its infancy. Among the presented concepts and regulatory systems, the most appropriate is a multi-level system of regulatory regulation of audit activities. This system includes four main levels.
Level 1- includes the Federal Law dated s, which is one of the main legislative acts and determines the place of audit in financial and economic activities as its necessary equal element.
Go to level 2 documents regulating auditing activities in the Russian Federation include those that determine the general issues of regulating auditing activities that are mandatory for market entities. This includes federal standards. Currently, 33 federal standards have been developed and approved.
To level 3 include regulations of ministries and federal services that establish the rules for auditing and auditing in relation to specific industries, organizations and on certain issues of taxation, finance, accounting, etc.
Level 4 includes internal regulations (standards) of audit activity, which are developed by audit organizations on the basis of federal standards and audit practice.
The first Federal Law was adopted in August 2001, which confirmed the final formation of the Russian audit system and determined the prospects for its further development.
2. Planning an audit of cash transactions of an LLC organization" Sphere"
2.1 Structure of the audited enterprise OOO" Sphere"
The commercial organization Sfera LLC was registered by the administration of Cherepovets on June 21, 2001, TIN 3528102655, KPP 3520253260. This organization has the following legal address: Vologda region, Cherepovets, st. Krasnaya, d.1, apt. 45, later the enterprise opened branches in several cities of the Komi Republic, such as Syktyvkar, Inta, Ukhta, etc.
In accordance with the Charter of the organization, "Sphere" is a limited liability company, which is a legal entity, has an independent balance sheet, a current account in the branch of OJSC "Gazprombank" in Ukhta, operates on the principles of self-financing and self-financing. Created without limiting the term of activity, this organization has civil rights, bears the obligations necessary to carry out any type of activity not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Also, Sfera LLC is the owner of its property, including property contributed to the authorized capital of the enterprise.
LLC "Sphere" was created with the aim of obtaining maximum profit and providing the population in the following areas:
Procurement and processing of ferrous scrap;
Sale of secondary rolled metal products;
Cargo handling;
Responsible storage of products of partners;
Leasing of industrial and office premises.
LLC "Sphere" has been operating on the market of these services in Ukhta for more than 5 years. During this time, it has established itself as one of the strongest competitors. Sfera LLC works with such large enterprises of the city as Gazprom LLC, Lukoil LLC, Pechoraneftegaz CJSC, etc.
The average headcount in 2010 was 49 people, of which the share of production workers was 68%. The management of the enterprise is headed by the General Director Tereshchenko P.A., the accounting department is headed by the Chief Accountant Sokolova N.A.
Between the branch of OOO "Sphere" in the city of Ukhta and the professional audit firm "Yurist" an agreement was concluded for the provision of audit services to the enterprise. The contract is of an initiative nature and was concluded for a period up to 31.12.2010, with a possible prolongation.
2.2 Plan and program for the audit of LLC funds" Sphere"
The purpose of the audit of cash transactions is to establish compliance by economic entities with the rules for conducting cash transactions, the completeness and accuracy of accounting for cash and banking transactions.
The sources of information for the audit are: cash book, credit and debit orders, bank statements for accounts, payment documents, accounting registers for accounting for cash, reporting, etc.
Numerous and varied operations of cash flow in the cash desk of the enterprise are also reflected in the following registers of synthetic accounting and reporting: general ledger; journal - order No. 1 and statement No. 1; other registers of synthetic accounting of cash transactions; enterprise balance sheet; report on financial results and their use; cash flow statement.
Before conducting an audit of funds, an enterprise must conclude an agreement with an audit firm for the audit of funds, which will indicate exactly what actions the auditor will perform and within what time frame during this audit. The contract must be accompanied by a plan and a program that has been specially developed by the audit organization in order to fulfill obligations under the initiative audit contract at the enterprise. In this case, it is the enterprise's cash audit program. (Annex 1 and 2)
Before proceeding to a continuous check of cash transactions, the auditor must plan this check. After all, a "continuous" check does not mean at all that all cash documents will be reviewed one by one. Each procedure has its purpose, pursues a specific goal, and its results must be drawn up in the form of a special table.
The audit of cash transactions begins with an inventory of funds at the cash desk of the enterprise. The cashier, in the presence of the auditor, draws up a cash report on cash transactions for the last day, displays the balance of money in the cash book on the day of the audit. At the same time, a receipt is taken from the cashier that all receipt documents are included in the report and by the time of the inventory of the cash desk there are no unreceived and unwritten money. Then sheet-by-sheet recounting of money begins. After recounting the money and other valuables stored in the cash register, the resulting balance is checked against the accounting data in the cash book.
The results of the audit are documented by drawing up an act, which is signed by the auditors, the chief accountant and the cashier. In case of detection of surpluses or shortages of funds or other valuables, it is necessary to take a written explanation from the cashier.
When inventorying the cash desk, it is checked: whether an agreement on full liability of the established form has been concluded with the cashier and distributors; whether there is an order to appoint a cashier, whether the cash desk meets the recommendations for ensuring the safety of funds, for technical strength and equipment with fire alarms.
When checking the cash register, it is most important to check:
Completeness and timeliness of posting funds received by checks from the bank. Reconciliation is made with bank statements;
The correctness of registration of credit and debit orders, cash book, register of receipt and debit cash orders;
The presence of a signature in receiving money, the correspondence of signatures for receiving money in expenditure orders and statements with signatures in other documents;
The correctness of maintaining the cash book and the balances of money displayed in it at the end of the day;
Correctness of derivation of results in payrolls;
Correctness of paperwork when depositing wages;
The correctness of the issuance of money by proxy;
Compliance with the limits of keeping money at the cash desk and the procedure for cash settlements with legal entities;
Keeping the keys to the safe and their duplicates;
Implementation of resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation on the use of cash registers in the implementation of cash settlements with the population;
Correctness of accounting entries;
Correspondence of entries in the cash book with entries in the journal - warrant No. 1 and statement No. 1 on account 50 "Cashier" and the General Ledger for the past period.
Next, the completeness and timeliness of the posting of funds received at the cash desk is checked. Particular attention is paid to checking operations to write off funds for production costs or distribution costs.
The enterprise may have cash in its cash desk within the limit established by the bank in agreement with the head of the organization.
The issuance of cash in repayment of wages is carried out according to properly executed pay slips, in which erasures and corrections are not allowed.
After the expiration of the established period for the payment of wages, the cashier must:
In the payroll, against the names of persons to whom payments have not been made, make a note "Deposited";
Compile a register of deposited amounts;
At the end of the payroll, make an inscription on the amounts actually paid, subject to deposit, check with the total on the payroll and affix the inscription with your signature;
Write down the actually paid amount in the cash book and put on the statement the stamp "Expense cash order No. ..." The deposited amounts are deposited with the bank, and one general expenditure cash order is drawn up for them.
Acceptance of cash by the cash desk of the enterprise is carried out according to cash receipt orders signed by the chief accountant, or by a person authorized to do so.
The issuance of cash from the cash desk is carried out according to cash receipts or other documents.
Cash desk - an isolated room, equipped in accordance with the established procedure, intended for receiving, issuing, and temporary storage of cash and securities. Keeping cash and other valuables that do not belong to this company at the cash desk is prohibited.
The auditor may use the checklist provided in Appendix 3 during the audit.
Responsibility for compliance with the procedure for conducting cash transactions rests with the head, chief accountant, accountant and cashier. Therefore, the auditor must interview each of the responsible employees, therefore, the auditor's questionnaire is drawn up in four copies, each with the position, surname, name and patronymic of the person with whom the interview was conducted.
According to this questionnaire, preliminary conclusions can be drawn: that there are a number of negative points in Sfera LLC:
The cash desk does not have a separate room, which weakens the protection of cash and other material assets of the enterprise from theft;
The company has not set deadlines for sudden audits, which can lead to distortion of accounting data;
When changing the cashier, as a MOT, an audit must be carried out, this is not the case at the enterprise;
There is no cash register at the enterprise, but according to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2008 No. 359 (as amended on 02/14/2009), this is not a violation if the enterprise has strict reporting forms equated to checks. In Sfera LLC, such a form is invoices for the release of goods;
There are no time limits for the use of funds for economic needs at the enterprise, which reduces the ability to control the spending of funds.
According to preliminary conclusions, the auditor at Sfera LLC needs to carry out a number of procedures to identify possible violations or abuses:
Cash inventory;
Checking the presence of the signature of the head on the PKO and RKO, Ch. accountant, cashier and receipts of recipients of money;
Checking the completeness of capitalization of funds received from the bank by check to the cash desk of the enterprise;
Checking the timeliness of employees' settlements on funds allocated for economic needs;
Checking the register of issued powers of attorney;
Checking the correctness of posting amounts under powers of attorney;
Checking the completeness of primary receipt cash documents attached to the cashier's report;
Checking the completeness of the primary account cash documents attached to the cashier's report;
Checking the results of cash reports;
Verification of the validity of the inclusion of persons in the payroll;
Verification of compliance of payrolls with registers of deposited amounts;
Verification of compliance of the issued debit cash orders with the register of depositors;
Verification of cash settlements with other legal entities in amounts exceeding the established limit;
Checking compliance with the cash balance limit set by the bank; verification of compliance by the enterprise with the maximum amounts of settlements between legal entities in cash received by the cashier;
Checking the correctness of keeping the books of the cashier - teller, etc.
According to the audit, accounting of cash transactions at the enterprise is kept on the balance sheet account 50 "Cashier" in accordance with the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation, and a subaccount 50/1 "Cashier of the organization" is opened for it
According to the debit of the account, records are kept about the receipt of money, for example, typical postings for working with the cash desk are:
· Transferred money from the current account (D 50 - K 51);
Receipt of proceeds for products from buyers (D 50 - K 62);
Return of the balance of the amount from the subreport (D 50 - K 71);
The loan reflects the expenditure of cash from the cash desk, for example:
· Issuance of salaries (D 70 - K 50);
· Issuance under the report (D 71 - K 50);
· Depositing to bank accounts (D 51-K 50).
The company has created almost all possible conditions for ensuring the safety of funds, such as: money is stored in a fireproof safe, there is an alarm and an alarm button at the cash desk, the company has its own security service, etc.
During the previous period, the inventory of the cash desk was carried out once - by prior order of the head - no surpluses or shortages were identified.
To conduct an inventory of funds, by order of the head of the organization, an audit commission was approved, consisting of three people:
Sokolova N.A. - Chief Accountant;
Tereshchenko T.O. - accountant;
Terentyeva L.I. - member of the audit committee.
In the presence of the cashier and the auditor, an inventory of the cash desk was carried out: receipt and expenditure cash orders, a cash report, documents on the last day's transactions were checked, cash was recalculated - a shortage of 102 rubles, 50 kopecks was established. This shortage should be written off by the following entries: D94 - K50 (shortage was detected during the inventory of the cash register); D 73/2 - K 94 (according to the agreement with the cashier on full individual liability, the identified shortage was written off to the guilty person - the cashier Rybets V.V.). At the end of the audit, a Cash Inventory Act was drawn up and handed over to the manager and chief accountant.
According to the Procedure for Conducting Cash Transactions in the Russian Federation, all cash transactions must be drawn up in standard interdepartmental forms of primary accounting documentation for enterprises and organizations. All primary documents attached to the incoming cash order and the outgoing cash order are canceled with the stamp "Received" and "Paid". However, not all the details of cash documents are filled in at the Sfera LLC enterprise:
Expenditure cash order No. 215 dated 29.03. 2010 in the amount of 1000.00 rubles. Shmeleva O.P. - there is no decoding of the cashier's signature;
Incoming cash order No. 71 dated January 26, 2010 For the amount of 4820 rubles, 50 kopecks. from OOO "Stroy Sever" - the basis of the operation is not spelled out;
Receipt cash order No. 183 dated March 21, 2010, in the amount of 1,750 rubles, from Timofeev N.O. - there is no supporting document
The limit for keeping cash at the cash desk, established by the GPB branch in Ukhta on 01.01.2010, is observed and amounts to 19,000 rubles.
Verification of compliance with the maximum amount of cash settlements with legal entities complies with the instructions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of June 20, 2007 No. 1843-U "On the establishment of the maximum amount of cash settlements in the Russian Federation between legal entities in one transaction" - in the amount of not more than 100,000 rubles . The following calculations were carried out at the LLC "Sphere" enterprise:
LLC "VtorMetall" in the amount of 12,000 rubles, payment to the supplier for the goods;
LLC "TechOptTorg" in the amount of 26,980 rubles, payment for electricity;
LLC "RUS-Trans" for 31000, payment for the vehicle.
In accordance with clause 19 of the Procedure for Conducting Cash Transactions in the Russian Federation, erasures, blots or corrections in cash documents are not allowed, since these forms are forms of strict reporting. At the enterprise, this rule was violated when the cashier filled out the cash book dated February 24, 2010, the balance at the beginning of the day was 11,253 rubles, was corrected by 11,263 rubles.
At the enterprise OOO "Sphere" there are cases of non-withdrawal of the balance at the end of the day in the reports of the cashier, which is a violation of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation.
Checking the correctness and timeliness of posting money received by cash checks from the bank showed no violations, the amounts that were indicated in the cash book, on the spine of the checkbook and in the bank statement were verified, in addition, the numbers of the checks affixed in the receipt order and on the spine were compared check.
Checking the expenditure of cash from the cash desk established: in accordance with paragraph 16 of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation, the issuance of money to persons who are not on the payroll of the enterprise is carried out according to cash disbursement orders issued separately for each person, on the basis of concluded agreements. In addition, the issuance of money under an expenditure cash order to an individual is carried out only upon presentation of an identity document of the recipient, whose data must be entered in the expenditure cash order.
The enterprise LLC "Sfera" concluded labor agreements for the performance of work, however, in the expenditure cash warrants for the issuance of wages, the recipient's passport data were not indicated:
Expenditure cash order No. 178 dated February 22, 2010 in the amount of 19,100 rubles. Markov N.O;
Expenditure cash order No. 179 dated February 22, 2010 in the amount of 8,750 rubles. Pereputov P.N.
Checking compliance with the procedure for the use of cash registers showed that the company does not have a cash register, all payments are made out by receipt and expenditure orders on the basis of an invoice in the form approved by the head of the enterprise.
2.3 Checking the accounting of transactionsbank account
When auditing transactions on a current account, it is necessary to establish:
Do the amounts on bank statements correspond to the amounts indicated in the primary documents;
Is there a stamp of the bank on the attached primary documents;
The correctness and completeness of the transfer of funds deposited in the bank in cash;
The validity of the transfer of funds;
The correctness of the preparation of accounting entries for operations in the bank;
Correspondence of the entries indicated in bank statements, entries in the order journal No. 2, statement No. 2 and the General Ledger;
Completeness and reliability of bank statements and related documents.
For verification, the auditor can apply the control tests specified in Appendix No. 2.
The sources of information on accounting for funds on the current account are: the balance sheet for account 51 "Settlement account", form No. 1 "Balance sheet" as of March 30, 2010, bank documents for 2010.
According to the requirements for conducting operations with a current account, funds are debited from the company's account at the order of the account holders. All payments from the accounts of the enterprise are made in the order determined by the head of the enterprise, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Settlement documents have a standard form and have the necessary details, are accepted by the bank for execution if there are signatures of authorized persons of the enterprise.
Blots and erasures in settlement documents are not allowed. Incorrectly executed settlement and monetary documents are not accepted for processing.
Accounting for transactions on the current account on account 51 "Settlement account". A debit is a receipt of funds, and a credit is a deduction of funds from a current account. For example, typical transactions for working with a current account are:
D 51 - K 50 - cash delivery from the cash desk to the bank;
D 51 - K 62 - receipt of funds from buyers;
D 51 - K 66, 67 - receipt of loans;
D 69 (in the context of individual social funds) - K 51 - UST transferred
D 60 - K 51 - listed to suppliers;
D 50 - K 51 - issued to the cash desk of the enterprise;
D 76 - K 51 - transfer of accounts payable;
D 99 - K 51 - Payment of fines, penalties, etc.
Operations on the current account are reflected in accounting on the basis of bank statements on the current account and the monetary documents attached to them.
Spot check found:
1. The general ledger data on cash balances on the current account corresponds to the data of bank statements at the beginning and end of the audited period;
2. Business operations on the movement of funds on the settlement account No. 40702810000170000715, opened in the branch of OAO "Gazprombank" are reflected in the accounting registers in a timely manner and in full;
3. The completeness of the reflection of the amounts of cash in the form No. 1 "Balance sheet" as of March 31, 2010 was checked.
4. In the course of the audit of operations for accounting for funds on the current account, monetary documents, no violations were found.
The report on the audit of the Limited Liability Company "Sphere" for the 1st quarter of 2010 was submitted by the specialized audit organization "Yurist" on the basis of contract No. IA-48/10 dated 10.01.10, which audited the enterprise's funds.
The audit was carried out in accordance with Federal Law No. 307-FZ dated December 30, 2008 "On Auditing Activities".
The audit included checking, on a selective basis, confirmations of numerical data and explanations contained in the financial statements of OOO Sfera for the 1st quarter.
The audit was carried out:
Baranova N.A. - head of the audit team;
Pavlova V.O. - lead auditor
Responsible for the period under review:
Sokolova N.A. - Chief Accountant;
Tereshchenko T.O. - accountant;
Rybets V.V. - cashier.
A selective audit was carried out on the basis of an approved and agreed audit plan from 25.05 to 30.05.2010.
The funds of LLC "Sphere" in the balance sheet of the enterprise are reflected in line 260 of the balance sheet "Cash".
Based on the results of the audit at the enterprise LLC "Sphere", it is necessary to bring the conduct of cash transactions in accordance with the requirements of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation:
The enterprise needs, to the extent possible, to allocate a separate room for the cash desk, which will greatly reduce the likelihood of theft of funds;
It is proposed to carry out an inventory of the cash desk, suddenly once a month, to increase the level of internal control at the enterprise.
Closely monitor the execution of documents;
Timely and correctly draw up the cash book;
Correctly fill out cash registers for employees who are not on the payroll of the enterprise, etc.
There were no violations in the maintenance of the current account.
Taking into account the introduction of the proposed comments, it can be stated that the financial statements of the enterprise are adequately prepared for all business transactions.
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1.5 Institutional cash audit program
The cash audit program is shown in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2 Institutional Cash Audit Program
№ | Planned types of work | Period | Performers | The source of information |
1. | Preliminary acquaintance with the institution, verification of the legal basis for the activities of a legal entity. | 25.06.08 | Gizatullina N.M. | Charter of the enterprise, certificate of entry in the Unified State Register, Certificate of registration with the tax authority, licenses, statistical data, information on ruble accounts in banks. |
2. | Evaluation of the general state of accounting and financial statements. Checking the correctness of the reflection of individual business transactions in accounting. | 26.06.08. | Gizatullina N.M. | Turnovers of the General Ledger on the accounting accounts of the enterprise for the 1st quarter of 2008, the balance sheet of the enterprise for the 1st quarter of 2008 |
3. | Audit of cash register operations: Checking the completeness and timeliness of the reflection of cash transactions in accounting; Verification of compliance with the requirements of the procedure for conducting cash transactions; Verification of compliance with the cash balance limit on hand and the maximum amount of cash settlements between legal entities; The correctness of the analytical and synthetic accounting of cash on hand. | 27.06.08. | Gizatullina N.M. | Cash report, cash documents, primary documents, balance sheet for the 1st quarter of 2008 Account analysis 50 "Cashier", Balance sheet form No. 1. |
4. | Audit of cash accounting operations on a current account, foreign currency account, other bank accounts, monetary documents: Checking the identity of indicators of primary accounting documents with accounting registers | 30.06.08. | Gizatullina N.M. | Turnover balance sheet, general ledger of accounts 50 "Cashier", 51 "Settlement account" for the 1st quarter of 2008, bank statements and primary accounting documents for the 1st quarter of 2008 |
2. CASH AUDIT METHODOLOGY
2.1 Audit of cash register operations
The audit of cash transactions was organized in the following sequence:
1. inventory of the cash desk and examination of the conditions of storage of funds;
2. checking the availability and quality of internal administrative documents (accounting policies, the right to sign primary documents, etc.);
3. verification of the correctness of documenting transactions;
4. checking the completeness and timeliness of posting funds;
5. audit check of correctness of write-off of money;
6. verification of compliance with cash discipline;
7. verification of the correctness of the reflection of operations on the accounts of accounting.
The actual audit was preceded by the drawing up of a general audit plan.
Sources of information: balance sheet on account 50 "Cashier" for the 1st quarter of 2008, cash receipts and debits for the 1st quarter of 2008, Form No. 1 "Balance Sheet" as of March 31, 2008, agreements on full liability .
Spot check found:
1. When checking compliance with the limit for cash settlements between legal entities, established by the Directive of the Central Bank of November 14, 2001 No. 1050-U "On establishing the maximum amount of cash settlements in the Russian Federation between legal entities in one transaction", it was established that in 1 quarter of 2008 cash settlements with other legal entities were not carried out.
2. Cash balance limit for the 1st quarter of 2008 not set by the bank. There was no cash balance on hand at the end of the day during the audited period.
Z. Checked the procedure for conducting cash transactions, the procedure for the application and execution of primary accounting documents for February, March 2008. Cash documents were drawn up in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 129-FZ, the Procedure for Conducting Cash Transactions in the Russian Federation. Primary cash documents are drawn up on forms of unified forms approved by the Decree of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation of August 18, 1998. No. 88 "On the approval of unified forms of primary accounting documentation for accounting for cash transactions, for accounting for inventory results", no violations were found.
... (workflow schedule) of primary documents related to the accounting of funds; - a list of persons who have been granted the right to sign monetary and settlement documents. 2. The procedure for conducting an audit of funds All information on the availability and movement of funds in the cash desk is collected on account 50 "Cashier". The following sub-accounts can be opened for this account: 50-1 "Cashier of the organization", ...
The relevance of the topic under consideration, its practical necessity, as well as the novelty of the material determines the scientific and practical value. 3.3 Improvement of accounting and audit of the organization of funds and settlements at the enterprise. JSC "Uman regional enterprise Selkhoztekhnika" draws up and submits financial statements in accordance with the requirements of the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and...
A copy of the register of auditors and audit organizations; 4) analysis of the state of the audit services market in the Russian Federation; 5) other functions provided for by the Audit Law. 1.3 Goals and objectives of the cash flow audit in the cash register In the Russian Federation, an audit is defined as an entrepreneurial activity for an independent audit of accounting and financial (accounting) ...
Settlements in foreign currency by resident legal entities within the limits of foreign exchange funds at their disposal, which must be of legal origin; accounting for cash transactions in foreign currency. Audit of transactions on foreign currency accounts is carried out separately for each foreign currency account opened with the bank, including abroad. To check the completeness of revenue crediting, the amount is compared ...
2.2. Plan and program for the audit of settlement and cash transactions
The plan guides the audit and is therefore documented. The form and content of the overall audit plan may vary depending on the complexity of the audit.
In general, it provides:
Formation of the audit team, the number and qualifications of auditors involved in the audit;
The distribution of auditors in accordance with their professional qualities and job levels for specific areas of the audit;
Instructing all team members about their responsibilities, familiarizing them with the financial and economic activities of the economic entity, as well as with the provisions of the general audit plan;
Supervision of the head over the implementation of the plan and the quality of work of the auditor's assistants, their maintenance of working documentation and the proper execution of the audit results;
Clarification by the head of the audit team of methodological issues related to the practical implementation of audit procedures;
Documentation of a dissenting opinion of a member of the audit team (executor) in the event of disagreement in the assessment of a fact between the head of the audit team and its ordinary member.
Table 6
Audit plan for accounting of settlement and cash transactions
Audit period from 25.02.2013 to 17.03.2013
Number of man-hours 96
Planned types of work (sets of tasks) |
Period |
Performers |
||
Audit of timeliness of execution of primary documents |
From 25.02 to 28.02.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
||
Audit of registers and reporting forms |
From 01.03 to 03.03.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
||
Audit of computerized accounting of settlement and cash transactions |
From 04.03 to 06.03.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
||
From 07.03 to 11.03.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
|||
Audit of the results of the cash register audit |
From 12.03 to 14.03.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
||
Drafting and presentation of the auditor's report |
Vilkova M.R. |
Table 7
The program for checking the accounting of settlement and cash transactions
Audited organization State unitary enterprise "IKTs"
Audit period from 25.02.13 to 17.03.2013
Number of man-hours 96
Head of the audit team Semenova A.N.
Composition of the audit team Frolova T.D., Vilkova M.R.
Planned audit risk 4%
The planned materiality level is 25 thousand rubles.
List of audit activities (procedures) |
Period |
Executor |
Work documents auditor |
||
Checking the availability of orders for the employment of cashiers, orders for the assignment of the functions of a cashier, the existence of liability agreements with them |
From 25.02 to 26.02.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
Orders, contracts |
||
Checking the execution of primary documents |
From 27.02 to 28.02.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
PKO, RKO, registration log |
||
Checking registers and reporting forms |
From 01.03 to 02.03.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
|||
Features of computerized accounting of cash transactions |
From 03.03 to 04.03.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
Mashinogram - cash book, balance sheets for account 50 |
||
Checking the correctness, timeliness and completeness of posting cash. funds |
Vilkova M.R. |
Cash book, registers of synthetic and analytical accounting on account 50 |
|||
Checkout inventory |
From 06.03 to 07.03.13 |
Vilkova M.R. |
Inventory documents, primary. documents, registers |
||
Checking the availability of a list of persons approved by the head of the organization receiving cash from the cash desk for household needs |
Vilkova M.R. |
||||
Checking compliance with the cash balance limit |
Vilkova M.R. |
Cash book, bank statement |
|||
Audit of collected funds |
Vilkova M.R. |
Accounting registers, acts, certificates |
|||
Verification of compliance with the procedure for applying CCP |
Vilkova M.R. |
Registration cards of cash registers for tax. bodies |
|||
Audit of cash documents at the cash desk |
Vilkova M.R. |
Acts, Journal of receipt and issuance of monetary documents |
|||
Verification of the intended use of funds received by check from the bank |
Vilkova M.R. |
Cash book, bank statement, check book |
|||
Checking the timeliness and completeness of the delivery of cash proceeds to the bank and the posting of funds to the cash desk from the bank |
Vilkova M.R. |
Cash book, bank statement |
|||
Reconciliation of checkbook stub data with cash book data |
Vilkova M.R. |
Cash book, check book |
|||
Checking the timeliness of returning deposited amounts to the bank |
Vilkova M.R. |
Cash book, bank reference, accounting registers |
Sources of information for verification are primary documents, registers of analytical and synthetic accounting, registers of primary documents, financial statements.
When auditing settlement and cash transactions, special attention is paid to compliance with the current legislation in their implementation.
The main documents that were subjected to study when checking settlement and cash transactions in the State Unitary Enterprise "ICC" are:
Reports of the cashier's accountant;
Incoming cash orders;
Expenditure cash orders;
Cash book;
Supporting documents for cash documents;
Advance reports, etc.
These documents also include:
Registers of analytical accounting:
Journal (book) of registration of incoming cash orders;
Journal (book) of registration of expenditure cash warrants;
Journal (book) of registration of deposited amounts;
Journal (book) of registration of payment (settlement and payment) statements;
Turnover balance sheet;
Financial statements:
Balance sheet (form No. 1), section "Current assets", item "Cash", sub-item "Cash"; (Appendix)
Cash flow statement (Form No. 4) - in terms of cash flow.
Payment orders (to whom it was transferred);
Checkbook stubs for receiving cash (timeliness of posting amounts, the amount withdrawn from the current account);
Journal - order No. 2 (filled in on the basis of an extract and payment order);
Main book.
Audit of settlement and cash transactions in the State Unitary Enterprise "ICC"
During the audit of settlement and cash transactions in the State Unitary Enterprise "ECC" the following was checked:
Inventory of cash on hand.
First of all, it was checked whether the timing and methodology for conducting an inventory correspond to the procedure for conducting cash transactions and methodological instructions for inventorying property and financial obligations.
Check result: The procedure for conducting an inventory of the cash desk is determined by the director of the organization and reflected in the accounting policy, which says that the inventory is carried out once a year, before the preparation of the annual financial statements, except when an inventory is required.
Conclusion: During the check of funds at the cash desk, no violations and shortages were identified.
The correctness of registration of settlement and cash documents.
The correctness of the execution of settlement documents was checked: the balances on the accounts according to the bank statements and according to the accounting registers, as well as the turnover and accounts in the bank, the balance on account 51 “Settlement account”, in the accounting registers and in the General Ledger were checked.
The presence and authenticity of the signatures of officials and recipients of money on cash warrants and other monetary documents, the legality of cash payments made from the cash desk were checked.
Checking the conditions of storage of funds.
It was checked whether all conditions were met for keeping cash at the checkout.
Result of the check: no violations were found.
The intended use of funds received from the bank was checked.
Result of the check: no violations were found.
The completeness and reliability of bank statements and documents to them were checked.
Verification result: the balance at the end of the period in the previous bank statement on the account is equal to the balance at the beginning of the period in the next statement. No violations were found.
The presence of the bank's stamp on the primary documents attached to the statements was checked.
Result of the check: no violations were found.
The verification was carried out by a continuous method.
Checking settlement and cash discipline
At this stage, compliance with the established limit of the balance of cash on hand at the enterprise of the State Unitary Enterprise "IKTs" is checked. For verification, it was requested to calculate the limit of the organization's cash balance and issue a permit to spend cash from the proceeds received by the cashier for the audited period approved by the bank. The cash balance limit according to the calculation approved by the bank is 10 thousand rubles. Further, according to the presented calculation, the cash balance limit set by the bank is observed. The test results are presented in table. 8.
Table 8
Checking compliance with the cash balance limit of the cash desk
Exceeding the limit of the cash balance in the cash register was not revealed.
Compliance with the established amount of cash settlements between legal entities was checked, which consists in establishing compliance with Directive N 1050-U. For this purpose, the method of continuous verification (viewing) of cash disbursement orders, as well as cashier's reports, cash books, and agreements with legal entities was used. The test results are presented in Table 9.
Table 9
Verification of compliance with the established amount of cash settlements
Primary accounting document |
Supplier name |
Reason for payment |
Amount, rub. |
Cash settlement limit, rub. |
Exceeding the established limit, rub. |
|
Incoming cash order N 002 dated 01/04/2012 |
Bavaria plus LLC |
Consignment note No. 56 dated 18.03.11 paint and varnish materials |
||||
Incoming cash order N 6 |
TechnoCentre LLC |
Consignment note No. 87 dated 27.06. eleven cartridges |
||||
Incoming cash order N 6 |
LLC "TD Armada" |
Bill of lading No. 102 building materials |
The amount of cash settlements between legal entities in one transaction does not exceed the established limit, in accordance with Ordinance N 1050-U.
When checking cash transactions, special attention was paid to clarifying the completeness, timeliness and correctness of posting cash as a result, the return of accountable amounts, revenue, and other operating and non-operating income. Receipts from the bank were verified by reconciliation of identical amounts recorded in check stubs, bank statements.
Table 10
Register of check stubs missing from the checkbook
Audit report
for financial (accounting) statements
Audit organization CJSC "Audit"
Name: Closed Joint Stock Company "Audit"
Location: 183078, Murmansk, st. Friendship, 10/32
State registration: certificate No. 78876, LLC series in accordance with the Decree on the registration of an enterprise dated October 20, 2004 No. 2354 of the Administration of the city of Murmansk, current account N 40703810500000010290
in JSC Bank "SOBINBANK", Murmansk.
License No. N 009795 issued by the Central Attestation and Licensing Audit Commission of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation on August 06, 2011 with a validity period of 3 years.
Auditee:
Name of State Unitary Enterprise "IKTs"
Location: Murmansk, st. Guards d.21
State registration: certificate of state registration No. 1035100166562 series 51 No. 000509893 dated February 4, 2004 of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation for the city of Murmansk and the Murmansk Region, current account settlement account 40602810341020005006 in the Murmansk branch of the Savings Bank of Russia.
Analysis of the main aspects of the audit of operations with intangible assets in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation
The internal control system is a set of organizational measures, methods and procedures adopted by the management of an economic entity as a means for the orderly and efficient conduct of financial and economic activities ...
Cash audit
In the course of a tax audit, inspectors must check the following aspects of cash discipline: 1 Cash receipts and debit orders. 2. Order registration log. 3. Cash book. 4...
Audit of cash transactions
Before proceeding with a continuous check of cash transactions, the auditor must plan this check, since a “solid” check does not mean that all cash documents will be viewed one by one ...
Audit of fixed assets of CJSC "LiDeR"
Audit of fixed assets on the example of JSC "Daltruboprovodstroy"
When planning an audit of fixed assets, first of all, an audit program is drawn up. It contains the legal and economic characteristics of the organization, a list of sources of audit evidence ...
Enterprise audit
When planning an audit of fixed assets, first of all, an audit program is drawn up. It contains the legal and economic characteristics of the organization, a list of sources of audit evidence ...
Audit of inventory accounting
Audit of accounting for services of auxiliary production on the example of the technological transport workshop of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant
accounting service production audit Prior to the start of the audit, it is necessary to study the organizational and technological features of the organization, specialization, scale and structure of each type of production activity ...
Audit of financial investments
The planning of the audit of financial investments is carried out on the basis of a consolidated general plan and a consolidated program for the audit of an economic object. The audit organization and the individual auditor are required to plan their work in such a way ...
Audit verification of the correctness of the assessment of inventories (based on the materials of OOO Keramik, st. Vyselki)
The development of a general plan and audit program is based on preliminary data on the economic entity, as well as on the results of the analytical procedures performed ...
Methodology for auditing accounting for settlements with accountable persons
Each audit is limited in time, it is always important for auditors to clearly define goals, accurately select the objects of audit to be studied, plan their actions correctly ...
Assessment of the state of the accounting report
Rule (standard) No. 3 "Audit planning" (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2002 No. 696) was developed taking into account international audit standards, establishes uniform requirements for planning an audit of financial (accounting) statements ...
1.1. Tasks and mandatory planning Entrepreneurship development ...
Plan and program of the audit of LLC "Alliance-M"
2.1. Characteristics of the enterprise and manufactured products Abbreviated name: Alliance-M LLC. Location of the company: Tula region, Kireevsk, Dorozhnikov street ...
Statement of the standard "Audit Documentation"
The planning of the audit of constituent documents and settlements with the founders is carried out on the basis of a consolidated general plan and a consolidated audit program of the audited entity ...
Planning is the initial stage of the audit. It includes the development by the audit organization of a general audit plan indicating the expected scope, schedules and timing of the audit, as well as the development of an audit program that determines the scope, types and sequence of audit procedures necessary for the audit organization to form an objective and reasonable opinion on the financial statements of the organization .
The audit organization should start planning the audit before writing a letter of engagement and before concluding an agreement with an economic entity to conduct an audit.
The overall plan should guide the implementation of the audit program. In general terms, the audit organization should provide for the timing of the audit and draw up a schedule for the audit, preparation of a report, an audit opinion. In general, the audit organization determines the method of conducting an audit based on the results of a preliminary analysis, an assessment of the reliability of the internal control system, and an assessment of the risks of the audit. In the case of a decision to conduct a selective audit, the auditor forms an audit sample.
The audit program is a development of the overall audit plan and is a detailed list of the content of the audit procedures necessary for the practical implementation of the audit plan. The program serves as a detailed instruction for the auditor's assistants, and for the heads of the audit organization and the audit team - at the same time as a means of monitoring the quality of work. The audit program should be drawn up as a program of tests of controls and as a program of substantive audit procedures. The control test program is a list of a set of actions designed to collect information about the functioning of the internal control and accounting system. Tests help identify significant weaknesses in the controls of an economic entity. The audit procedure is essentially a detailed check of the correct reflection in the accounting report of the turnover and balance of accounts.
Depending on the conditions of the audit and the results of the audit procedures, the program may be revised. The reasons for and results of changes should be documented.
The preparation and drawing up of an audit program is governed by the Rule (standard) of audit activity "Audit Planning".
When preparing the program, the auditor evaluates the effectiveness of internal control over the movement of cash and other valuables in cash. Compliance with cash discipline is preliminary assessed, complex areas requiring special attention are identified, requiring special attention, control procedures are planned. In accordance with the rule (standard) of the audit activity “Audit Planning”, the audit organization must agree with the client on the main organizational issues related to the audit, up to the factors.
During the pre-planning stage, the auditor should obtain information about:
- external factors affecting the economic activity of an economic entity, reflecting the economic situation in the country (region) as a whole and its industry specifics;
* internal factors affecting economic activity
* information obtained from conversations with the management and executive personnel of the economic entity;
¾ information obtained during the inspection of the economic entity, its main sections, warehouses.
The section of the audit program for checking cash transactions should include the following issues and areas of audit:
- - inventory of availability and check of the state of storage of cash and other valuables at the cash desk;
- - checking the completeness and timeliness of posting funds received at the cash desk;
- - study of the correctness of writing off money for expenses;
- - verification of compliance with cash and financial discipline;
- - verification of the correctness of the reflection of transactions in the accounts of accounting;
- - documentation of materials and results of the check; conclusions and suggestions to the results of the audit.