D 58 to 76 wiring means. Accounting for financial investments
Account 58 “Financial investments” is intended for the detailed accounting of the enterprise’s investments. What is related to financial investments? In what order is the account kept under sc. 58? Let's look at typical examples and wiring.
58 an account is ...
Regulatory requirements for the formation of financial investment data in accounting are regulated by PBU 19/02. In accordance with paragraph 3 of this document are recognized as investments by a legal entity:
- Securities (CB) of state and municipal structures.
- Other securities, including past due (debt bonds, bills).
- Loans granted.
- Contributions to authorized capital enterprises, including subsidiaries or affiliates under simple partnership agreements.
- Accounts receivable transferred on assignment.
- Deposits
- Other species.
Note! Investments in own securities are not considered financial investments; bills for settlements for goods sold; precious metals, objects of art, jewelry; other
So 58 score accounting - This is a set of information on the movement of short-term (for a period of less than 1 year) and long-term (more than 1 year) investments of the enterprise on open subaccounts depending on the need.
According to Order No. 94n of 10/31/00, account 58 “Financial investments” may have the following sub-accounts:
- Account 58. 1 - to reflect information on shares and shares.
- Account 58. 2 - to reflect information on debt securities.
- Account 58. 3 - to reflect information on loans granted to other companies.
- Account 58. 4 - to reflect information on deposits under simple partnership agreements.
Is score 58 active or passive?
The organization’s investments are placed on the debit of account 58 in correspondence with cash or other accounts - 50,, 51,, 76, 75, 98,. The credit of account 58 reflects the return of loans, the excess of the purchase price of the Central Bank over the nominal, the repurchase and sale of the Central Bank, the return of assets on deposits of a partnership and other operations. Correspondence is carried out with accounts 52, 51, 76, 90, 80, 91, 99. The balance of active account 58 shows the balance of financial investments as of a given date.
Important! 58 the account in the balance sheet is displayed together with the account. 73 and 55 (in terms of loans to personnel and deposits) on pages 1170, 1240, depending on the validity period minus the account balance. 59, where provisions are made for impairment of investments.
Cf. 58 “Financial investments” - examples of transactions
In order to make the correspondence of account 58 more clear, we will analyze practical examples:
Example 1
“On the transfer of fixed assets / funds as a contribution to the shareholder under a simple partnership agreement.” Suppose a company paid for its share with equipment. The market value is estimated at 400,000 rubles. Posting - D 58.4 K 76 for 400,000 rubles. under contract.
Accordingly, the object is written off from the balance sheet. When paying a deposit with money, the posting is D 58.4 K 50, 51, 52.
Example 2
"On investments in debt securities." Suppose an organization acquired shares in the amount of 100,000 rubles. The accountant will make the following postings:
D 58.1 K 51 per 100,000 rubles. - reflected the purchase of shares.
D 58.1 To 91.1 for 700 rubles. - reflected the increase in share prices. With a decrease, reverse wiring is performed D 91.2 K 58.1.
D 76 (62) K 91.1 for 120,000 rubles. - reflected the sale of shares to a legal entity.
D 91.2 K 58.1 per 100,700 rubles. - reflected the write-off of the current accounting value of shares sold.
Example 3
“To provide a loan to a legal entity or employee.”
The organization issued another company a loan of 500,000 rubles. Posting - D account 58.03 K 51. In this case, interest is calculated monthly according to D 76 K 91.1,
and repayment of the main debt and interest obligations is carried out by transferring funds to the borrower's account D 51 K 58.03. If a loan is issued to an employee of the organization, it is more advisable to fix all calculations through an invoice. 73.
Conclusion - we figured out how the 58 account is reflected in the balance sheet; found out which typical wiring the movement of various financial investments of the enterprise is made out and what legislative documents govern accounting of investments.
Account 58 “Financial investments” is intended to summarize information on the presence and movement of the organization’s investments in government securities, stocks, bonds and other securities of other organizations, authorized (share) capital of other organizations, as well as loans provided to other organizations.
To account 58 can be opened sub-accounts:
1. 58-1 "Units and shares"
2. 58-2 "Debt securities"
3. 58-3 "Loans granted"
4. 58-4 “Deposits under a simple partnership agreement”, etc.
The sub-account 58-1 takes into account the presence and movement of investment in stocks joint stock companies, authorized (share) capital of other organizations, etc.
The sub-account 58-2 takes into account the presence and movement of investments in state and private securities (bonds, etc.).
Subaccount 58-3 takes into account the movement of money and other loans provided to individuals and legal entities (except employees of the organization) to individuals. The provision of physical and legal entities (except for employees of the organization) loans secured by bills of exchange are accounted for separately in this subaccount.
In sub-account 58-4, the partner organization takes into account the presence and movement of deposits in common property under a simple partnership agreement.
Analytical accounting for account 58 is conducted by type of financial investment and the objects in which these investments are made. The construction of analytical accounting should provide the ability to obtain data on short-term and long-term assets. At the same time, accounting for financial investments within the group of interconnected organizations, the activities of which are compiled by free accounting statements, is kept on account 58 “Financial investments” separately.
Account 58 “Financial investments” corresponds with the accounts:
By debit
51 Settlement accounts
52 Currency accounts
75 Settlements with founders
80 registered capital
91 Other income and expenses
98 deferred income
On loan
51 Settlement accounts
52 Currency accounts
76 Settlements with different debtors and lenders
80 registered capital
90 Sales
91 Other income and expenses
99 Profit and loss
The main accounting entries on account 58
1.d.58-2 to.50 Reflected initial cost financial investments in securities paid from the cash desk in cash
2. d.58-3 к.50 Loans in cash provided to other organizations
3. d.58-2 k.51 The initial cost of financial investments in securities paid from the current account is reflected
4. d.58-3 k.51 Loans from other accounts provided to other organizations
5. d.58-4 k.51 Reflects the value of the deposit under the PT agreement made by the partner organization in cash
6. d.58-2 k.52 The initial cost of financial investments in securities paid from a foreign currency account is reflected
7. d.58-3 k.52 Loans from other currency accounts were provided to other organizations
8. d.58-2 k.75 Reflected admission valuable papers in payment of shares
9. d.58-1 k.76 Reflected the capitalization of contributions made to the organization
10. d.58-1 k.76 Received title to the acquisition of shares
11. d.58-4 k.80 Reflects the receipt of financial investments made by the organization - partner account treasure under the contract PT
12. d.58-1 k.91-1 Reflects the excess of the monetary value of the contribution to the organization’s MC over the book value of the transferred property
13. d.58-2 k.91 Increased book value of bonds by the amount of the positive exchange rate difference
14. d.58-1 k.98 The nominal value of additionally received shares is reflected in the form of property received free of charge
15. d.51 k.58-3 Reflected the return to the current account of loans previously provided to other organizations
16. d.52 k.58-3 Reflected the return to the foreign currency account of loans previously granted to other organizations
17. d.76 k.58-2 Written off part of the difference between the purchase and nominal value of debt securities
18. d.80 k.58-4 Reflected the return of the contribution made in the form of financial investments to the partner organization that is leaving the PT agreement
19. д.90 к.58-2 The book value of securities at their sale is written off
20. d.91 k. 58-2 Written off book value redeemable bonds
21. d.91 k.58-2 The book value of bonds is reduced by the amount of negative exchange rate differences
22. d.91 k.58-2 Written off the book value of securities during their sale
23. d.91 k.58-4 The excess of the value of the deposit under the PT agreement is reflected over the value of the returned asset upon termination of the contract
Financial investments"
58.1 - "Units and shares";
58.2 - "Debt securities";
58.3 - "Loans granted";
58.4 - "Deposits under a simple partnership agreement" and others.
PAY - the share of capital of a company that gives the right to participate in general meetings shareholders, to receive a dividend and part of the property of the company during its liquidation. The item is expressed in a specific document - a certificate, to which are attached coupons for receiving dividends.
SHARES - securities issued by a joint-stock company, holders of which are granted all property and personal rights related to holding a share: a) the right to receive dividends, depending on the size of the corporation's profit; b) the right to participate in the management of the corporation by voting at meetings; c) the right to receive part of the property after the liquidation of the corporation. Rights are exercised in the amount proportional to the value of shares.
D 58 K 51 -the occurrence of the object of financial investments is reflected (when transferring or paying for this object from the current account);
D 58 K 76 -reflects the occurrence of debts to counterparties (if payment of financial investments will be made later upon receipt of ownership rights to them, for example, in the case of securities).
D 91 K 58 - reflected the negative difference between the purchase and par value (or between the par and purchase value) of purchased debt securities.
On account 58 investments are accounted for actual cost (in the amount of expenses incurred for their acquisition).
Financial investments are second in liquidity after money at the cash desk and on current accounts.
Account 59 "Reserves for the impairment of financial investments" is intended to summarize information on the presence and movement of reserves for the impairment of financial investments of the organization.
The reserve is formed at the expense of financial results (as part of operating expenses), which is reflected in the accounting record for the debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses” and the credit of account 59 “Provisions for the impairment of financial investments”. A similar record is made when reserves increase in case of further decrease in the estimated cost of financial investments.
The reserve is reduced (used) in the following cases: if the estimated value of the respective assets in reporting period increased if their value is no longer subject to a steady significant decline, as well as the disposal of these assets. In this case, an entry is made on the debit of account 59 “Provisions for impairment of financial investments” in correspondence with the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”.
IN accounting statements financial investments for which an allowance for impairment has been created are recognized at book value less the amount of the reserve. IN balance sheet- net, when reflected in the asset, the difference between the 58 and 59 account is reflected. Those. there is no account in balance sheet liabilities 59!
Provision for impairment of financial investments ”(passive, contractual to account 58).
If we have a large number of shares in one company, and its shares have sharply decreased in price, we cannot reflect these changes on account 58, as this will result in a distortion of the financial statements.
The provision for impairment of financial investments is created by the following posting:
D 91.2 K 59
D 59 K 91.2 -reserve amount restored
As soon as financial investments are eliminated, the corresponding reserve amounts are written off to other income of the enterprise (91.1).
Normative regulation of the accounting of bills is carried out by the "Regulation on a simple and transferable bill" of August 7, 1937.
When purchasing promissory notes, they are accounted for at the actual cost of the account 58, retirement reflected through 91 account.
D 60 K 91 - we pay the bill with the supplier.
If we purchased a bill with a face value of 1000 rubles, and at a discount it passed to us for almost 900 rubles, then we will reflect the acquisition price - 900 rubles.
When this bill is disposed of, we will post:
D 60, 76 K 91.1 1000
D91.2 K 58 900
A credit balance of 100 rubles is formed. Profit tax is paid on them.
If we provide a loan, then we post:
D 58 K 51
If our main activity is the purchase and sale of financial investments, then income and expenses are credited to 90 accounts, otherwise - to 91 accounts.
When transferring stocks, bills, i.e. their disposal and implementation is posting:
D 90.1, 91.2 K 58
Do not wiring: D 60 K 58
D 76 K 91.1 - reflect interest accrued on loans;
If a loan is granted to an employee, then interest will be charged to 73 accounts.
D 73 K 91.1
If dividends are accrued to us on objects of any financial investments, then we will reflect their receipt by posting:
D 51 K 91.1
58.4 - "Contributions under a simple partnership agreement"(joint activities of enterprises, which is conducted in the accounting of one of the enterprises);
When depositing assets, 58 accounts are used.
Under a simple partnership agreement, funds were deposited from the current account:
D 58 K 51
The following materials were entered under a simple partnership agreement:
D 58 K 10
And if we deposit them at a higher price, then the transfer of materials will have to be reflected as follows.
Account No. 58 of accounting “Financial investments” is used to systematize data on the company's investments in state and private securities, authorized capital of firms. The same account takes into account information on loans granted to other enterprises.
Analytical accounting for the 58th account is carried out by types of assets and by the objects in which these assets are invested.
What sub-accounts can be opened for the 58th account
Accounting rules provide for the opening of sub-accounts to account 58.
For instance:
- “Units and shares” - 58-1;
- “Debt securities” - 58-2;
- “Loans granted” - 58-3;
- “Contributions under a simple partnership agreement” - 58-4, etc.
Maintenance of subaccount 58-1
Sub-account 58-1 is intended to systematize data on investments in shares of JSC (joint-stock companies), capitals of other companies, etc. The following sub-account is used to analyze investments in private and state debt assets (for example, bonds).
The investments made by the company must be displayed on the Debit of the 58th account and on the set of accounts on which the corresponding values \u200b\u200bare taken into account. For example, a company acquires the assets of other enterprises for money. This fact is displayed in two entries: by account number 58 and by account one of accounts 51 or 52 “Settlement accounts”, “Currency accounts”.
How to keep subaccount 58-2
How to keep records of assets for which the current market value is not determined?
In this case, the difference between the initial and nominal prices of assets is evenly recorded on financial results company work.
If a it comes about a non-profit organization, the amount should be attributed to a decrease or increase in expenses. If you want to write off the difference between the two asset prices, the accountant makes 3 entries at the same time.
The entries are as follows:
- “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” - D-t 76 (here indicates the amount of income on assets);
- “Financial investments - Kt 58 (here only a part of the difference between the purchase and face value is indicated);
- “Other income and expenses” - Kt 91 (the difference between the amounts allocated to the account 76 and 58).
If you need to charge the difference between the real and nominal prices of assets, you also need to make three entries.
The accountant makes notes:
- D-76 (you must specify the amount of income received on securities);
- D-58 (on this account only the proportion of the difference between the two prices is taken into account);
- Kt 91 (the entire amount that was allocated to the 2 above accounts is recorded here).
The fact of repurchase of securities is accounted for on the D-t of the 91st account and on the K-th of the account considered in this article. An exception to the rule is companies that take into account such operations using the “Sales” account (No. 90).
The procedure for maintaining the sub-account “Loans granted”
Subaccount 58-3 takes into account loans that the company gives to legal entities and individuals.
The latter do not include employees of the organization itself. Loans secured by promissory notes must be considered separately. Loans granted are displayed immediately in two entries: D-th 58th account and K-th account corresponding to the provided resource. For example, if money is provided, you need to make an entry in the credit of the account “Settlement accounts” (No. 51). The return of the debt corresponds to the reverse record - according to D-51 and credit of the 58th account.
Maintenance of subaccount 58-4
Subaccount 58-4 is intended for the analysis of contributions to the partnership. For example, a cash investment is displayed by writing to the debit of the 58th account and to the Kt of the 51st account or other account corresponding to the type of provided material assets or assets. If the partnership agreement is terminated, tangible assets are returned to the company. The accountant makes records that are the opposite of the original.
It summarizes information on the presence and movement of enterprise investments in various values, capitals. Let us further consider in detail the account 58 in accounting, the objects that pass through it, the features of their fixation in reporting.
General information
Account 58 in accounting (in the balance sheet) collects information about the company's investments in stocks, securities, bonds. This article includes funds invested in the authorized capital of other organizations. It also reflects loans provided to third parties.
Account 58 in accounting: subaccounts
This article may open:
- Subch 58.1 for shares and shares.
- Subch 58.2 on debt securities (bonds).
- Subch 58.3 on loans granted.
- Subch 58.4 on deposits by agreement of a simple partnership, etc.
Article 58.1 takes into account the presence and movement of investments in shares of AO, the stock (authorized) capital of third-party companies. By subch. 58.2 there is a movement of deposits in private and public debt securities. These include, in particular, bonds.
58 accounting account: postings
In the course of its activities, an enterprise may invest in various values. All these investments go to account 58. In accounting, these investments are debited. At the same time, articles reflecting the values \u200b\u200bto be transferred for the implementation of these deposits are credited. For example, a company’s acquisition of a third-party securities company takes place on a DB basis. 58 and cd. 51 or count 52 (settlement or currency accounts, respectively).
Write-off of excess amounts
If the purchase value of the purchased bonds and other debt securities is higher than the nominal value, then the resulting difference is closed by an entry in DB cf. 76 and cd 58 and 91. The debit is the amount of income due to receive. The loan reflects the difference between the funds allocated to the account. 76, fixing calculations with debtors and creditors, and inv. 58. The repurchase (redemption) and sale of securities is reflected in SB accounts. 91. In doing so, account 58 in accounting is credited. Such records are not made only by those enterprises that show these operations on the account. 90.
Loans
As indicated above, they are also reflected in account 58. In accounting, loans secured by bills of exchange pass separately under this item. The movement of funds provided for use by individuals (except employees of the enterprise) and legal entities is shown by debit. In this case, account 58 in accounting is active. It corresponds to the score. 51 or other similar. When repaying loans, a reverse recording is made. That is, the movement will be in db midrange. 51 and cd 58.
Contract Deposits
Upon the provision of a deposit, account 58 is debited in accounting. In the record, it corresponds to the score. 51 and other articles reflecting the movement of the allocated property. Accordingly, as in the previous case, upon termination of the contract, a reverse record is made. Thus, whether account 58 will be active or passive in accounting depends on the operation being performed.
Analytics
Accounting should be able to obtain information on long-term and short-term assets. Analytics are carried out for the article under review in accordance with the types of financial investments and the objects in which they are made:
- By company - sellers of shares.
- For other enterprises to which the company is a party.
- By borrowing organization, etc.
Accounting for investments within the group of interconnected companies, the activity of which is compiled by consolidated reporting, is carried out on the account. 58 apart.
Participation in other firms
It is reflected in the sc. 58 in various forms. At the same time, the instructions focus on the fact that this article contains values \u200b\u200bthat are not only transferred for the implementation of the relevant investments, but also those that are subject to transfer. In the latter case, in particular, this refers to securities whose ownership rights have already passed to the acquirer. As a rule, participation in other companies is expressed in the purchase of shares. But the market value of securities is constantly fluctuating. In the process of accounting, the difficulties that arise may become crucial. In the previous instruction, it was noted that bonds, shares and other securities are recorded under financial investments at their purchase value. The new recommendations did not say anything about this. This is due to the fact that the procedure in accordance with which the valuation of assets is governed by other regulations. One of them, in particular, is the Regulation on accounting and reporting. Paragraph 44 states that financial investments are fixed in the amount of the investor's actual expenses. These costs are in some cases higher than the purchase price in the amount of certain expenses. The latter, in particular, may be payment for consulting and information services related to the purchase of securities, remuneration for the intermediary, with whom the transaction was concluded, and so on.
Compromise solution
The excess of the market value over the nominal value in classical terminology is called agio, the decrease is called dazajio. There is a lot of controversy in the literature about whether these processes affect the size of the capital of an enterprise. Realistic positive answer. This is due to the fact that in this case the value of securities and the total price of assets are reflected more correctly. A negative answer will be no less realistic. In this case, the amounts actually invested in securities and, accordingly, in assets will remain. In practice, a compromise solution has been worked out. Agio is not reflected in accounting, but dazajio is shown using sc. 59, holding reserves for impairment of investments in shares and other securities.
Contradictions in norms
In accordance with the plan for accounts, the accounting of funds invested in deposits in banks is carried out by subaccount. “Deposit accounts” (55.3). Another indication is contained in paragraph 3 of PBU 19/02. This paragraph states that such deposits are recorded by account 58. In accounting, the deposit, according to current legislation, is reflected in the way that the company chooses. In this case, the preferred option can be fixed in financial policy and disclosed in explanatory noteattached to the statements.
Reflection methods
Thus, you can choose one of the following options:
Many experts are of the opinion that the second option is more appropriate. This is because the deposit is opened to extract additional profit from the provision on a reimbursable basis in the use of company assets.
Stocks and shares
The company's management can make investments in the authorized capital of various commercial organizations, purchase their shares, that is, invest in third-party companies. Such activities may be carried out:
- In the form of a cash contribution through the acquisition of shares.
- By transferring all kinds of intangible and tangible assets.
- In the form of direct investment of funds in capital.
All of these options significantly complicate the characterization of subsch. 58.1. Thus, it can be called:
As a result, in accordance with these interpretations, three versions of accounting arise. Consider them.
Face value
Securities can be accounted for by this indicator. The advantages of this method is the ease of fixing inventory. The balance and the amount of nominal values \u200b\u200bare equal. The amount of recorded investments becomes equal to the share corresponding to the cost of capital of the company to which these shares belong. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting that the real price of securities almost never corresponds to the nominal one. This means that the balance on subaccount. 58.1 will not be real.
Actual acquisition cost
In this case, the sub-account balance. 58.1 will reflect funds actually invested in shares. However, along with this, it rarely corresponds to the amount of capital that belongs to the acquirer of the company that issued the paper. This fact creates certain difficulties in the inventory process.
Current rate
When accounting for this indicator, the balance will show the liquidation value of the securities, that is, the price at which they can be sold at the current moment. However, it must be remembered that the stock price is very volatile. This encourages the accountant to constantly reassess them. Accordingly, their inventory is becoming more complicated. At the same time, the cost of capital, which was really driven, essentially disappears, and it is rather problematic to calculate the face value. Following the principle of prudence, it is preferable to choose the second and third options. Shares should be accounted for at cost of actual acquisition. However, if the current rate falls below the purchase price, the difference is written off at a loss.
Conclusion
All investments are reflected in the debit of the Financial Investments account for shares and shares in full (at their actual cost). In this case, the paper face size does not matter. Stocks come in actual. Also, the size of the acquired share in the capital of the company does not matter. The buyer must capitalize it on the amount received in fact. Shares, like other property, are reflected in the balance sheet of the company, provided that it has the right to own them. This requirement is established by paragraph 44 of the Regulation on reporting. The moment of its transition to paper and rights fixed by them depends on the method of their storage and fixing. This may be a special registry system or depository.