Country currencies. Monetary unit of the country
Money - a specific product with the highest liquidity, serving as a measure of the value of other goods and services. One of the functions of money is the role of an intermediary in the exchange of some goods for others.
With the help of money, the value of various goods is expressed, since money is easily exchanged for any of them. This monetary value makes dissimilar goods easily comparable in exchange. This allows the value of all commodities to be measured by one and the same specific commodity, turning this latter into a common measure of value for them, that is, into money.
Usually a commodity with high liquidity becomes money (it is easiest to exchange it for another commodity, such as cattle). In addition to the measure of value for other goods, money is a medium of circulation, that is, the commodity that is an intermediary in the exchange process. In addition, the function of money can be performed by various things, other property rights, obligations and property-obligation complexes. Unlike goods, which, after exchange, go out of circulation, money as a medium of circulation is always in it, continuously serving acts of exchange of goods.
IN modern conditions the role of money is not so much specific goods (for example, gold or other precious metalsfrom which investment coins are made), how much is the state's obligation or central bank in the form of banknotes. Such money has no independent value and is only nominally equivalent
Currency table and fiat currencies of the world
The reference table contains data on the monetary units (currencies) of most countries of the world and their equivalents in the foreign currency, as well as the English name and international designation
Countries of the world | Monetary units | English name | Bargaining chip equivalent | International designation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Euro zone countries * | Euro | Euro | 100 euro cent | EVR |
Australia | Australian dollar | Dollar | 100 cents | AUD |
Azerbaijan | Manat | Manat | 100 gap | AZM |
Algeria | Dinar Algerian | Dinar | 100 centimes | DZD |
Argentina | Argentine peso | Peso | 100 centavos | ARS |
Armenia | Dram | Dram | 100 looms | AMD |
Belarus | Belarusian ruble | Ruble | 100 kopecks | BYR |
Bulgaria | a lion | Lev | 100 hundred parts | BGL |
Brazil | Real | Real | 100 centavos | BRL |
Great Britain | Pound sterling | Pound sterling | 100 pence | GBR |
Hungary | Forint | Forint | 100 fillers | HUF |
Venezuela | Bolivar | Bolivar | 100 senimos | VEB |
Vietnam | Dong | Dong | 100 hao \u003d 100 sous | VND |
Georgia | Lari | Lari | 100 tetri | GEL |
Denmark | Danish krone | Krone | 100 ore | DKK |
Egypt | Egyptian pound | Pound | 100 piastres | EGP |
Israel | Israeli shekel | New sheqel | 100 agorot | ILS |
India | Indian rupee | Ruppe | 100 paise | INR |
Jordan | Dinar Jordanian | Dinar | 100 fils | JOD |
Kazakhstan | Tenge | Tenge | 100 tyenov | KZT |
Canada | Canadian dollar | Dollar | 100 cents | CAD |
Kyrgyzstan | Catfish | Som | 100 tyiyn | KGS |
China | Yuan | Yuan | 100 chiao \u003d 100 feni | CHY |
Latvia | Lat | Lat | 100 centimes | LVL |
Lithuania | Lit | Litas | 100 cents | LTL |
Malaysia | Ringgit | Ringgit | 100 sen | MYR |
Mexico | Mexican peso | Peso | 100 centavos | MXP |
Moldavia | Lei Moldavian | Leu | 100 baths | MDL |
Mongolia | Tugrik | Tughrig | 100 mungu | MNT |
Norway | Norwegian krone | Krone | 100 ore | NOK |
Poland | Golden | Zloty | 100 grosz | PIZ |
The Republic of Korea | Bona South Korean | Won | 100 chon | KRW |
Russia | Russian ruble | Ruble | 100 kopecks | RUR |
Romania | Lei Romanian | Leu | 100 baths | ROL |
Syria | Syrian pound | Pound | 100 piastres | SYP |
Slovakia | Krone slovak | Koruna | 100 hellers | SKK |
USA | U.S. dollar | Dollar | 100 cents | USD |
Tajikistan | Somoni | Somoni | 100 dirams | TJS |
Tunisia | Dinar Tunisian | Dinar | 100 millimeters | TND |
Turkmenistan | Manat | Manat | 100 tenge | TMM |
Turkey | Turkish lyre | Lira | 100 kurus | TRL |
Uzbekistan | Sum | Sum | 100 tiyin | UZS |
Ukraine | Hryvnia | Hrivna | 100 kopecks | UAH |
Philippines | Philippine peso | Peso | 100 centavos | PHP |
Croatia | Kuna | Kuna | 100 lime | HRK |
Czech Republic | Czech crown | Koruna | 100 hellers | CZK |
Chile | Chilean peso | Peso | 100 centavos | CLP |
Switzerland | Swiss Franc | Franc | 100 centimes | CHF |
Sweden | Swedish crown | Krona | 100 ore | SEK |
Estonia | Estonian crown | Kroon | 100 cents | EEK |
Ethiopia | Byr | Birr | 100 cents | ETB |
South Africa | Rand | Rand | 100 cents | ZAR |
Japan | Yen | Yen | 100 sen | JPY |
Eurozone countries: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, France.
Switzerland is not easy to find on a map, but its currency is the strongest in the world. At the beginning of February 2006, 1 Swiss franc was worth 21.9 rubles, and ten years later it rose to 73.74 rubles, having strengthened by 236.7%. This currency is in great demand among wealthy people. No wonder all swiss banks are considered the most reliable in the world.
However, market analysts tend to believe that the Swiss franc is greatly overvalued. In January 2015, the local Central Bank canceled the peg to the euro - and in 10 minutes the currency rose by 20-30%. The strong franc hurts the local economy, as goods produced in the country have become expensive for foreign consumers. The authorities want to weaken their currency, but so far they are not doing very well.
In second place was cNY... Until July 2005, this currency was pegged to the US dollar, but in recent years the local government has embarked on a controlled devaluation of the yuan in order to increase economic growth... Despite all the weakening, the yuan has risen in price against the ruble by 228.1% over ten years. From October 1, 2016, the yuan will become the world's reserve currency. Russian banks already offer deposits in yuan, on which you can earn up to 4.25% per annum.
The Israeli shekel has become the third most reliable. This currency has appreciated against the ruble by 215.9% over ten years. The shekel exchange rate is floating, but stable - over ten years it has slightly depreciated against the dollar.
The American currency was only in seventh place. Since 2006, the dollar / ruble exchange rate has appreciated by 169.6%. The Thai baht (+ 195.7%), the Brunei dollar (205.9%), the Singapore dollar (+ 206.1%) and the Bolivian Boliviano (+ 211.17%), the existence of which many Russians do not even knew.
Top 10 strongest currencies in the world
№ | Currency | Cost as of February 1, 2006, rubles | Cost as of February 1, 2016, rub. | Growth against the ruble over 10 years |
1 | Swiss frank |
21,9 | 73,74 | 236,71% |
2 | CNY ![]() |
3,48 | 11,42 | 228,16% |
3 | Israeli shekel ![]() |
6,02 | 19,02 | 215,95% |
4 | Bolivian boliviano ![]() |
3,49 | 10,86 | 211,17% |
5 | Singapore dollar ![]() |
17,3 | 52,97 | 206,18% |
6 | Brunei dollar ![]() |
17,3 | 52,92 | 205,90% |
7 | Thai baht ![]() |
0,71 | 2,1 | 195,77% |
8 | U.S. dollar ![]() |
28,13 | 75,84 | 169,61% |
9 | Japanese yen ![]() |
0,23 | 0,62 | 169,57% |
10 | UAE dirham ![]() |
7,65 | 20,55 | 168,63% |
The most expensive currency was the Kuwaiti dinar, which was sold on the stock exchange on February 1, 2016 for 247 rubles. 89 kopecks per unit. However, its growth to russian currency amounted to 157.5% (18th place). The euro gained 140.6% in ten years (25th place), and the British pound - 115.72% (32nd place).
Dollar check
If the dollar acts as the initial currency, then the Chinese yuan will come out on top among the ten leaders, which has strengthened against the dollar by 24.8%. The Swiss franc came in second with 20.3%. The third, as in the main study, was the Israeli shekel, which added 14.8%. It is also confirmed that the Thai currency turned out to be stronger than the American one - it grew by 8.7%.
Why is the ruble always weakening?
The national currency is a mirror of the solvency and development of the economy, says Sergei Alin, deputy director of the analytical department of the Okey Broker investment company. According to him, the ruble is highly dependent on the cost of oil. The solution to the problem can only be diversification of the economy and improvement of the investment climate.
“The ruble is mostly weakening against other currencies due to high inflation. It is a consequence of the outstripping growth in tariffs of natural monopolies, the expectations of the population and the fall in prices for raw materials, primarily for energy, ”says Natalya Levina, Deputy Chairman of the Management Board.
Invest wisely
Sergey Alin claims that investments in foreign currency in order to protect savings for the next 10 years, will definitely pay off. The expert recalls that after the 1998 crisis, the dollar rose from 6 to 21 rubles, and today it has already approached 80 rubles.
If the situation on the market is heating up to the limit, then it is logical to keep part of the funds not in the bank, but in "paper" form, the expert advises.
“Nobody knows what will happen in the world on the horizon for 10 years. For example, a sharp drop in oil prices to $ 27 per barrel was not predicted by any industry analyst. To protect your savings, you need to diversify your portfolio by investing in US dollars, rubles, highly liquid stocks and gold, ”warns Natalia Levina.
The head of the Sravn.ru analytical center Vadim Tikhonov also recommends diversifying risks by investing in several assets. Relying on dollars alone is risky because american currency there are periods of growth and weakening. Each such cycle lasts about 15 years, the expert recalls.
Where to buy rare currencies?
Many exotic currencies can be purchased at russian banks... For example, this applies to Swiss francs, yuan, Japanese yen, Israeli shekels, etc. “The main thing is to buy currency at a real bank representative office, and not in an incomprehensible exchanger at a metro station or in a tent, etc. Better to take the time and compare by choosing the best deal. Of course, if you are going to buy foreign currency for the long term, then chasing a difference of several tens of kopecks is not necessary, ”advises Sergei Alin from OK Broker.
The ideal option is to place your savings in 2-3 types of foreign currencies.
For those who need a larger amount, it is more profitable to go shopping in a country where the required currency is in circulation. For example, it is more logical to buy Thai baht in Thailand, and dirhams in the UAE. In this case, you will first have to buy American dollars for rubles. If you go somewhere with rubles, then the losses on the course will be significant.
Experts do not recommend buying euros if you are not a frequent visitor to the euro zone - the countries of the European Union are worried economic crisis... Better to bet on the Singapore dollar, yuan and Swiss franc.
Abaz, Iranian silver coin, widespread in the XVI-XVII centuries. in countries Caucasus, Middle East and Central Asia... It got its name from the name of the Iranian Shah Abbas I (1587-1628), at which its release began.
Altyn, old russian monetary unit. The term originated from the Tatar word alts - six, because initially altyn was equal to 6 money.
Balboa, monetary unit of Panama. Named after the conquistador, the discoverer of the Pacific Ocean, Vasco Nunez de Balboa.
Bolivar, currency unit Venezuela, and formerly Uruguay... Named after the fighter for the independence of Latin America Simon Bolivar.
Dirham (dirham), the name of coins and monetary units, mainly in Arab countries. The name goes back to Greek.
Penny, English plural penny (). The word penny used when denoting a multiple of the denomination, for example two pence - two penny coin, unlike the expression two pennies, which is used to represent two 1 penny coins.
Peseta, the name of the coin and the modern currency of Spain. Spanish word peseta literally means small.
Sentimo, name of a bargaining chip equal to 1/100 part national currency in a number of Spanish-speaking countries. The etymology of the name is the same as that of.
Centavo, the name of a bargaining chip equal to 1/100 of the national currency in a series portuguese-speaking countries. The etymology of the name is the same as that of.
Sucre, monetary unit of Ecuador, named after Antonio José de Sucre, a fighter for the independence of the Spanish colonies in America.
Cent, the name of a bargaining chip equal to 1/100 of the national currency (usually) in a number of countries. The etymology of the name is the same as that of.
Centesimo, the name of the Italian bargaining chip, equal to 1/100. The etymology of the name is the same as that of.
Chervonets, the name that was originally given in Russia to foreign high-grade coins (made from pure gold). Then Russia began issuing its own gold coins and the name ducat passed on to them.
Shekel, monetary unit in ancient Judea and modern Israel. The name comes from the Semitic word saqal - weigh.
Shilling, the name of the coin and the monetary unit of a number of countries. Known in Europe since the Middle Ages. The name comes from the name of an ancient Roman coin solid.
Ecu, old french gold coin... The name of the coin comes from the French word ecu-shield.
Escudo, the name of Spanish and Portuguese gold coins, as well as the modern currency of Portugal and some other countries. The name comes from the Spanish word escudo - shield.
Today, whatever we buy, from food to an apartment or a car, costs a certain amount of money. They are both paper bills and metal coins, and more recently even credit cards. But there is strife. Each country has its own currency, and therefore the perception of everything is rather complicated. In this article you will find basic information about money different countries, as well as interesting facts about the means of calculation, their circulation.
History of the origin of money
The history of money in different countries goes back several thousand years. The first primitive coins appeared around 500 BC. in the small country of Lydia (currently part of Turkey). They were made from an alloy of gold and silver. In many historical sources, money is mentioned in one way or another. Even before the advent of modern money, the main equivalent for exchange was a commodity that had a special value. This means money was replacing furs, shells, tea, precious stones, etc.
The appearance of money
Gradually, society developed, and the equivalent of value was not furs and pearls, but money, the exchange value of which was recognized by everyone. Money from different countries of the world is also quite different. For example, in the USA the dollar is used, in Japan - the yen, in Europe - the total
Basic information about money in different countries cannot be formulated without describing the appearance of currencies. Almost always, by the images on the currency, one can trace the path of historical transformations in the state. Since the money depicts prominent political and cultural figures of a particular country or important historical events. A very accurate example is the European Union currency. Each banknote or coin bears images of various architectural monuments and styles (Baroque, Gothic, Classics, Romanesque) that characterize historical epochs in the development of the European community.
Basic functions of money
Even despite the fact that the world's money is quite diverse, it is generally accepted that they all perform, if not the same, then rather similar functions, among which the following can be distinguished:
- money is a measure of the value of all goods and services;
- money acts as a kind of intermediary in the exchange of goods and services;
- money acts like savings;
- money performs the function of an economic intermediary between states, individuals and legal entities.
If we give a more general classification, then money from different countries of the world can be divided into two more groups:
- symbolic;
- natural.
Any natural currency unit has its own useful value. But over time, this type of money leaves the circulation system. It is replaced with symbolic money. This type includes a variety of coins, paper money, bonds, bank checks, etc.
The main value of such symbolic (essentially modern) money is not the cost of the material from which they are made, but their symbolic denomination, officially approved by the country's leadership.
Name of money from different countries of the world
As mentioned, each country has different money for many reasons. In order to have basic information about money in different countries, they should be classified and mentioned.
Monetary units in Africa: Liberian dollar, Nigerian naira, Egyptian pound, Chadian franc, Ghanaian cedi, Malian franc, etc.
Monetary units in Asia: Vietnamese dong, Israeli shekel, Japanese yen, indian rupee, Philippine peso, Bhutanese ngultrum, Thai baht and many others.
Monetary units of America and Oceania: Argentine peso, US dollar, Cuban peso, Australian dollar, Bahamian dollar, Vanuatu vatu and others.
Monetary units of Europe and the CIS: Danish krone, euro, russian ruble, Armenian dram, Serbian dinar, Kyrgyz som, Kazakh tenge, Estonian krone, etc.
As you can see, money is a universal payment system, which has developed historically and is recognized by all countries and peoples as a convenient means of calculation. These are the basic facts about money in different countries.
In June 1993, the Royal Mint of Great Britain issued obsolete coins that were withdrawn from circulation 20 years ago. And this was done intentionally and by special occasion, which most Englishmen do not even know about. The whole point was that the guitarist of the legendary rock band Queen, Brian May, while playing the guitar, did not use a pick, but a penny from the 1970 release. At his personal request, an outdated series of six pence coins was organized.
Coin "old copper nose"
Quite a strange name for a coin. But it was actually published in England at the end of the 8th century by King Henry. It is famous for being the first of its kind to be cast not from silver, but from copper (later they were covered with silver). In the process of circulation, the layer of silver on the coin was quickly erased, especially on the protruding part. That is, on the image of the king, the nose was first erased. Therefore, the name "old copper nose" was assigned to the coin.
Half a penny
Perhaps the most curious coin ever circulated in the USSR. Half kopecks were minted in 1926-1927, and there was talk about them for half a century. The fact is that in the Union, in order to save copper, it was decided to mint a coin from a copper-zinc alloy.
We reviewed the basic information about money in different countries and illustrated them interesting facts... But this information is enough only for a general idea. What money is in different countries, we tried to briefly consider.
Money in the hands of a person appeared many years ago. Since the individual learned to produce something in quantities exceeding his consumption rate, he began to change with other people. But the inefficiency, and often the unfairness of barter relations, prompted humanity to think about creating money. The currency of different countries of the world is a phenomenon that originated long ago. It was not transformed into the usual banknotes of different denominations very soon. The transformation of money into new forms continues to this day. But all the same, for each country, its monetary unit is a distinctive feature, a special symbol that serves as an indicator of the independence and uniqueness of the state.
How many people - so many opinions
This phrase can be "replayed" as follows: "So many countries - so much money." Although, to be precise, there are not so many currencies in the world. Despite the fact that 251 states are officially recognized on the planet, not every one has its own currency. Why is this happening? The currencies of different countries of the world often depend on many factors. For example, whether a particular state is a member of economic or political unions, and whether it was previously a colonial territory. So, many use one, generally accepted for their association, the currency - the euro, and in countries that were previously subject to England, Spain, France, the currency of the suzerain is still circulating.
At the same time, participation in a particular community of powers is not a prerequisite for abandoning the national currency. For example, Great Britain, one of the main members of the EU, did not abandon its pound sterling, which, however, is not surprising, because this monetary unit is one of the reserve ones in the world economy. Other members of this union followed the same path - Poland, where the zloty is in common use, Sweden with its own registered crown, as well as Slovenia, on whose territory the Slovenian dollar is officially recognized, and Romania, which issues lei.
Currency designation - why is it?
In the international classifier, each currency is assigned a special code and number. This greatly simplifies the procedure for banking operations, various transactions and contracts. The developed standards are recognized all over the world and are used in every country.
It is rather problematic to write all the designations of currencies in one article, because there are a lot of them, but the main ones can be given in the form of a table. Currency of different countries of the world - designations:
The state | Currency name | Designation | Symbol |
EU countries | |||
american dollar | |||
Great Britain | pound sterling | ||
Each visitor to the bank, looking at the board with the prices of the currency, drew attention to the fact that the names of the monetary units were not written in full. They consist of several letters. This was done in order to avoid confusion, because there are quite a few monetary units with the same name. For example, the dollar is not only American, but also Canadian, Australian, Slovenian and even Liberian. The same applies to the dinar, called Kuwaiti, Libyan, Thai and Tunisian, as well as the peso, which is actively circulating in the economy of Argentina, Cuba, Mexico and the Philippine Islands.
All monetary units have their own unique history. Currency of different countries of the world is a special distinguishing feature of each power, its "face". Money is designed at the state level. Even peculiar beauty contests are held for banknotes and coins. So, according to experts, more than 50 currencies participated in the competition, and the selection criteria were quite strict. Banknotes were torn, crumpled, checking for strength. In addition, the quality of the pictures depicted on the banknotes and the general style were assessed.
Money making is the prerogative of the state, but dishonest businessmen are very fond of making counterfeit banknotes. Moreover, this practice has existed for a very long time. For example, American dollars is perhaps one of the most counterfeited currencies, according to statisticians, in 1865, every third banknote in the United States was fake. Although there is nothing surprising in this, because the first money in the country was made in the attic of the "treasury" during the Civil War. Difficult situation at the time, it clearly did not contribute to compliance with all the rules and security measures that apply to modern banknotes.
A special requirement that the currencies of different countries of the world must meet is strength. Standard banknotes are designed to be bent up to 4,000 times, and the average life of a banknote is about seven years.
Global currency
People who are not directly related to banking and financial activitiesdo not know what currency is valid in other countries. For example, they are unaware that Morocco uses the dirham, Panama uses the balboa, and Brazil uses the cruzeiro. Instead, practically all citizens of Russia have heard about the dollar, euro or pound. What currencies in different countries of the world - actively exploited in other states or not very popular - depends on how strongly the economy of a particular state is developed. The stronger it is, the stronger the national currency.
There are countries in which, in free (although not very honest and legal) use, transactions and transactions are carried out not only in the country's currency, but also in the so-called world money. First of all, these include the euro and the dollar. Nowadays, against the background of the aggravated geopolitical situation, there is a lot of talk about creating new currencythat would not feed the economies of individual countries. The most ardent ideological creators of such a message are China and Russia, because their economies are developing quite rapidly, and the need to use them for international settlements does not contribute to an equal state of affairs.
Money - will humanity get rid of its influence?
Is it possible to imagine a person's life without money as such? Probably not. But even 50 years ago, no one would have thought that people would almost completely abandon the use of real banknotes and coins. But it happened! Electronic payment systems, bank cards, online banking systematically and confidently squeeze cash out of a person's pockets and wallets. This process is most pronounced in developed countrieswhere financial system developed at a very high level.
In addition, the so-called virtual money and currencies of different countries of the world have recently been in constant confrontation. Photos and articles in reputable financial publications describe this struggle in detail: who will be the winner? The answer to this exciting question is still a mystery to everyone. Many people do not understand what virtual money is, but their creators persistently convince that the future belongs to them. Well, let's see.
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