What are electronic payment systems. About electronic payments
Thanks to the Internet, many new things have appeared in the world that greatly simplify life. Among them are various electronic payment systems that allow you to pay for services and transfer funds without leaving your home.
With you, Elena Zaitseva, financial analyst at HeatherBober magazine. I will talk about the features and capabilities of electronic payment systems and analyze the most popular of them. If you want to choose or change a service for remote financial transactions, you will find a lot of useful information in the article.
1. What is electronic payment systems
Electronic payment system (EPS) is an organization that provides mutual settlements between users on the Internet. The participants in the process are private individuals and businesses engaged in commerce, banks and other financial institutions.
EPS activities in Russia are regulated by the state. The main regulatory act is the law “On the National Payment System”.
Electronic payment systems allow you to:
- pay utility bills, mobile communications, television, etc .;
- purchase goods in online stores;
- withdraw funds to bank cards and accounts;
- exchange currency;
- transfer money to other participants in the system, for example, within a business.
The list is incomplete. The capabilities of virtual services are extensive, their functionality is constantly being improved and expanded.
For calculations, electronic money is used - virtual digital units issued by the system.
Features of digital cash:
- Issued only in electronic form.
- Secured by real money.
- Guaranteed by the issuing EPS.
- Stored on electronic media.
- Recognized not only within the system, but also in settlements with external counterparties.
Virtual money is stored on electronic wallets - this is the name of the user account in the selected system.
2. How do they work
The principle of operation of EPS is similar to the conduct of traditional cashless transactions. Each user has a personal account for settlements with counterparties and between their wallets.
Simplified scheme of work is as follows:
- real money is transferred to the user's digital account;
- at the domestic rate, the service exchanges for virtual currency;
- the account holder makes the necessary transaction (transfers funds to a private person, buys goods, etc.);
- the counterparty receives electronic currency;
- the system redeems its domestic money back, giving back traditional ones.
After exchanging real money for digital for the amount of proceeds, the issuer has obligations to the user. EPS guarantees that, at the request of the participant, the virtual currency will be exchanged for real money.
For digital cash to be possible, the recipient organization must accept payment in virtual currency.
Often operations go through intermediaries.
Example:
The owner of the wallet makes an application for transferring virtual money to a bank card. The operation takes place through an intermediary - an organization that accepts digital money, changes it to traditional ones and transfers them according to the specified details.
As a result, the client’s account receives the amount in the desired currency, for example, rubles or dollars.
Similarly, operations are carried out in favor of companies that do not accept virtual money. Sometimes the role of intermediary is performed by EPS itself.
3. What do electronic payment systems earn?
The main income comes from transaction fees. For example, Webmoney, one of the leaders in the digital cash market, retains 0.8% from each user's transaction. The tariff applies to both external transfers and actions between accounts of one user.
EPS additional income is obtained from:
- User Certifications.There are different wallets available. In order to perform an extended set of actions or transfer more money, you need to pass certification - provide passport data, confirm a phone number, meet with a company representative for personal identification. Often a commission is charged for the service.
- Use of terminals. You can replenish your wallet in various ways, a payment terminal or an affiliate ATM is one of them. A commission is charged for the operation. For example, the Yandex.Money service, depending on the selected terminal, holds from 0% to 19% for one top-up.
- Using your own cards.To simplify the input and output of money, EPS issue cards, the maintenance and support of which costs money. The fee is taken for issuing, withdrawing cash, SMS-informing and other operations.
The list is incomplete. In addition to the above, there are many other ways to earn money - payment for confirming transactions, commissions from partner organizations, providing intermediary services, etc.
4. Advantages and disadvantages
Electronic transactions are beneficial both for EPS and its corporate partners. The issuer of virtual currency receives a commission for the operation, and retail outlets are not spent on collection and storage of cash.
The user receives from such calculations:
- convenience - operations are carried out from home or another place with Internet access;
- reliability - subject to the safety rules for using the wallet, the service provides information protection and the safety of funds;
- unlimited use - digital cash does not expire and does not burn out;
- free support - there is no charge for wallet service;
- high speed of payments - many operations are carried out almost instantly, delays are possible when involving intermediaries;
- transparency - all transactions are recorded, the history of electronic payments can be requested at any time.
But in addition to the advantages, EPS also has disadvantages:
- the need for verification of identity - for the full use of the account you will need to provide personal data and documents;
- restrictions on use - not all companies and trading organizations accept virtual money, although their list is growing;
- commissions - some mandatory fees are significant, which is especially noticeable in large amounts;
- difficulties with recovery - if you lose your password, it will be difficult to resume work due to increased security requirements, you will need to provide a lot of personal information.
Each user will find significant advantages and significant disadvantages. For example, for me the commission for withdrawing funds from Webmoney to a card is too high. Because of this, I try to minimize the use of virtual money.
Watch the video to get an independent expert opinion on the features and prospects of digital cash:
5. What are the types of EPS?
There are several types of electronic payment systems. They can be divided by the parties to the transaction, by the amount of the transaction, by the due date, by currency, etc.
Most often used classification at the time of entering money into the system. According to it, credit and debit types of EPS are distinguished.
Credit
For settlements between participants in such services, credit cards are used with additional protection - message encryption and digital signature. For the operation, it is required to confirm the creditworthiness and compliance of the provided payment data with reality.
The main feature of such transactions is that first a contract is concluded, and then payment or money transfer is made.
Credit EPS are First Virtual, Open Market, CyberCash, CheckFree and others.
Debit
Almost all international electronic payment systems are debit. The principle of their work is that transfers and payment transactions are available to the user strictly after replenishment of the account.
Some debit XPS do not use digital cash, but electronic checks.
The principle of their work is as follows:
- The sender of the payment issues the check and certifies it with a virtual signature.
- The document is transferred to the recipient through the arbitration system.
- The service checks the check.
- If no violations are found, then payment is accepted.
- Funds from the account of the user issuing the check are transferred to the recipient.
Digital checks use a limited number of systems - NetCash, NetChex, NetCheque and some others.
6. TOP-5 electronic payment systems in Russia
Not all global EPS are known or used in Russia. This is due to difficulties with replenishment and withdrawal of funds, as well as to limitations in use.
Webmoney
It is considered a market leader. The development of the company began in 1998. During this time, more than 36 million people have joined Webmoney.
The account holder has the right to open an unlimited number of wallets in virtual analogues of various currencies, including Bitcoin and gold. All accounts are combined in a kind of Keeper repository, each assigned an individual WMID number.
All operations are instant and irrevocable. The commission for any transaction is 0.8%. For work, it is necessary to provide personal data and confirm them. There are several types of certificates. The higher the status of the account, the more opportunities the user has.
Yandex money
Commercial non-banking organization, licensed by the Central Bank.
The user is prompted to open one of the three possible wallets - anonymous, personalized or identified. Status affects the maximum possible balance on the electronic account and transfer limits.
Non-profit organizations Yandex.Money have their own card for payment and cash withdrawal, tied to a wallet. The cost for 3 years is 200 rubles.
Paypal
International EPS, brings together more than 200 million users. PayPal allows you to pay for purchases on the Internet and make transfers both domestically and abroad. You can open both a personal and a corporate account.
The main advantage of the service is that transfer within the country for a private client will be free when debiting funds from a PayPal wallet. There is no commission for paying for services either.
If the transfer will be at the expense of funds on the linked card, the commission will amount to 3.4% + 10 rubles for each operation.
Qiwi
Offers simplified registration - to create a wallet, just specify the mobile phone number. When you open an account, Qiwi service will assign the Minimum status to the client, which after passing the certification will be replaced by Basic or Professional.
Through the service you can pay for services or transfer money. For ease of use, the client is invited to issue a free card associated with the funds in the wallet.
Payeer
The service offers to transfer funds to more than 200 countries in dozens of ways. At the time of this writing (March 2018), 157 online exchangers are declared on the Payeer website.
It is possible to issue a free card and withdraw funds to it without a commission.
To understand which service is more profitable to use for withdrawing funds to bank accounts and cards, commission data is summarized in the table:
№ | Service name | Card withdrawal fee | Fee for withdrawal to account |
1 | Webmoney | 2.5% + 40 rubles or 2% if the service finds a counter application from another participant | Depends on offers of other participants, on average 2% |
2 | Yandex money | 3% + 45 rubles | 3% + 45 rubles |
3 | Paypal | Free of charge subject to using funds from the wallet | |
4 | Qiwi | 2% + 50 rubles | 2% + 15 rubles |
5 | Payeer | 0% to 5% | 0% to 5% |
7. Conclusion
Now, knowing the basic information about EPS, you can easily choose the right one for your needs.
The main thing is to ensure the safety of using the service. Use complex passwords and do not share personal data with anyone. When working at the computer from which you log into your virtual account, do not visit dubious sites and do not click on suspicious links.
Question to readers:
Do you find the possibilities of virtual money useful for you personally?
We wish you to find a convenient, functional and user-friendly electronic payment system. If you still have questions, ask them in the comments. We will be happy to answer them!
And according to the payment scheme are divided into:
- debit (working with electronic checks and digital cash);
- credit (working with credit cards).
Debit Systems
Debit payment schemes are built similarly to the usual cash and check.
"Electronic money "they completely simulate real money. The organization that manages the payment system - the issuer - issues some electronic analogues of money, called differently in different systems (for example, coupons). They are bought by users who use them to pay for purchases, and then the seller repays them The issuer can issue electronic cash both banks and non-banking organizations. Cons of such systems:
- a unified system for converting various types of electronic money has not yet been developed. Therefore, only issuers themselves can pay off the electronic cash issued by them; in practice, “exchange points” are used, independent of the systems themselves. For example, funds can be transferred from Yandex.Money to WebMoney only through third-party sites.
- the use of such money from non-financial institutions is not guaranteed by the state.
However, the low transaction cost makes e-cash an attractive online payment tool.
Electronic checks are analogous to ordinary paper checks. These are the instructions of the payer to their bank to transfer money from their account to the account of the payee or to give them to the bearer of the check. The difference from paper checks is that:
- firstly, when writing a paper check, the payer puts his real signature, and in the online version - an electronic signature;
- secondly, the checks themselves are issued in electronic form.
Payment card processing
Online credit systems are analogues of conventional systems working with credit and debit cards. The difference is in conducting all transactions over the Internet. In addition, one should distinguish between virtual debit cards issued by some banks and real credit and debit cards. Prepaid virtual debit cards are a complete analogue of a regular Visa or similar card, which is accepted on the Internet. The difference is that the card does not print in plastic. The owner is informed of all the payment details of such a card and, from the point of view of an outside observer, the payment is made from a regular plastic card. Such a card is easier to buy, since the issue of such a card is carried out without verifying the identity of the holder. On the other hand, such cards, as a rule, do not provide for the possibility of topping up an account.
References
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what "Electronic payment" is in other dictionaries:
electronic payment - Technology of payment for the cost of goods and services using electronic money. [The hypertext encyclopedic dictionary on informatics E. Jakubaitis] Topics information technologies in general EN electronic payment ... Technical Translator Reference
Payment made by computer networks. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of Business Terms
PAYMENT ELECTRONIC Great accounting dictionary
PAYMENT ELECTRONIC - payment made by electronic means of communication ... Big economic dictionary
Electronic money - (Electronic money) Electronic money is the issuer's monetary obligations in electronic form. Everything you need to know about electronic money is the history and development of electronic money, the transfer, exchange and withdrawal of electronic money in various payment systems ... Encyclopedia of the investor
Regulation of electronic payments: world experience - Electronic payments on the Internet today are based on two key technologies. In the first case, the transaction is carried out by withdrawing funds from the buyer's credit card by the seller. The second way to use digital cash. ... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Yandex money - (Yandex money) Yandex.Money world electronic payment system Payment system Yandex Money: registration, opening a wallet, replenishment and withdrawal of funds Content \u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e Yandex.Money is defined ... Encyclopedia of the investor
Bank check - (Bank check) Definition of a bank check, types of checks, contents of a check Information on the definition of a bank check, types of checks, contents of a check Contents Content Definition Types and Concept and legal nature of the check Content of the check Relations ... ... Encyclopedia of the investor
Electronic money is a means of payment that exists exclusively in electronic form, that is, in the form of records in specialized electronic systems. As a rule, operations occur using the Internet, but there is a possibility ... ... Wikipedia
Receipt - (Check) The concept of a check, the types of a check, the contents of a check The concept of a check, the types of a check, the contents of a check, collection of checks Contents Table of Contents Section 1. Concept, types and legal nature. Section 2. Contents of the check. Section 3. The mechanism of receipt of the check. Section 4 ... Encyclopedia of the investor
The volume and number of cashless payments in the Russian Federation are steadily growing. This is evidenced by data from analytical agencies and reports from the country's banking system. A large share in this market is held by electronic wallets. They are in third place after bank cards and online banking. I found out which electronic payment systems in Russia have gained the highest popularity, and which alternatives are available for this method of payment.
The concept of EPS
Electronic payment systems (EPS) are designed for payments on the Internet between financial institutions, Internet users and business partners. This can be payments for goods in online stores, for services or private transfers. Compared with offline payment, this type of calculation has a number of undeniable advantages:
- minimum time for surgery;
- saving money in comparison with making payments through a bank or mail;
- modern ways of protecting information when making payments, which are provided for all online systems;
- ease of replenishment of balance through online services, banks and payment terminals;
- ease of payment - no papers to fill out, so the likelihood of errors is lower.
Calculations through EPS are so common at present that only in Russia there are several dozen. Large systems that operate in different countries have received international status. They allow cross-border payments and transfers.
EPS are most often used for:
- payments for purchases;
- transfers of individuals or between individuals and companies;
- payments for mobile communications, Internet, fines and other types of services.
Two participants are involved in payment through EPS: a store and a customer. If the operation is carried out using a bank card, then the card issuer is connected and the acquirer is organized, which processes the payment.
To understand how the process of exchanging money and information goes, it is more convenient to consider a payment scheme for the goods:
- The buyer selects the purchase and initiates the payment.
- The seller receives the data and sends it to the payment system.
- The buyer confirms the calculation in EPS. If the payment is made with a bank card, the payment system generates a request from the acquiring bank to the issuing bank.
- When the payment is confirmed, the acquirer system transfers the money from the payer's current account to the seller’s balance account.
A simple settlement procedure makes them more popular among sellers and buyers, withdrawing cash.
How developed calculations on the Internet in Russia
Modern electronic payment systems in Russia did not appear immediately. The first in the Russian Federation in 1997 was CyberPlat. Payment through it for Beeline services passed a year later in March 1998. At the beginning of the zero, several EPSs were already functioning:
- PayCash, over time, transformed into Yandex.Money;
- RUPay later converted to RBK Money:
- WebMoney, which has gained the most popularity in the Russian market.
The spread of EPS depends on a number of factors, but first of all, users pay attention to the ease of registration. The first mass system in the Russian Federation was WebMoney. Since 2007, Yandex.Money began to compete with the leader. And after the launch of the Russian Qiwi EPS and the installation of a large number of terminals within walking distance, the service entered the top three.
Legislators did not immediately address the issue of regulating the market for electronic payments. But in 2011, the situation was amended by Federal Law No. 161. It describes the basic rules and regulations in the field of payment systems in Russia.
Despite the high-quality service and good technical development, EPS did not immediately become widespread among Russians. Initially, it was used only for payments on foreign sites. But today, the system is crowding out recognized Russian leaders.
From 2010 to 2018, the number of cashless payments in Russia increased 34 times, from 5 to 172 operations per inhabitant of the country. Such data leads BCG. The Russian Federation came to first place in the world in the number of protected token transactions. Russia is also the largest European player in terms of the volume of transactions conducted through virtual wallets.
The largest number of non-cash payments in the Russian Federation goes through Yandex.Money, Online Sberbank and client cards. And in 2018, the interest was distributed as follows:
The main users of Internet banking are 93.9% and electronic systems 82.2% of the settlements of a person aged 25-34. Maps are preferred by 94.4% of Russians 35-44 years old.
Three Russian leaders in the field of EPS
In Russia, the most popular electronic payment systems are WebMoney, Yandex.Money and Qiwi. Consider their features and rules in more detail. The rating and leader is constantly changing, and if 3-5 years ago WebMoney was in the first place, then in 2019 it is a poison.
Webmoney
The first of the international Russian electronic payments markets to enter the market in 1998 was WebMoney. Until now, it is in the TOP-3 leaders of Russia, but gradually the number of participants decreases, they go to other EPS.
To start using the system, you will need to register on the company’s website, specify personal data, a mobile phone and email. Most of the functionality will become available only after confirmation of identity. To do this, you need to scan your passport or personally approach the nearest representative office of the company.
WebMoney has developed two versions: desktop and mobile. It is safe to make settlements between participants in the system and pay for services. You can order a credit card issue to withdraw money or pay for goods offline.
The main advantage of the system is the number of supported currencies. A user can have up to 7 cash wallets simultaneously in:
- russian rubles;
- euro;
- dollars;
- hryvnias;
- belarusian rubles;
- tenge;
- vietnamese Dong.
Therefore, the system is widespread not only in the Russian Federation, but also in the CIS and countries of near and far abroad. Registration of wallets in gold or in cryptocurrencies is also available.
Qiwi
Qiwi service has spread very rapidly in Russia since 2001, thanks to the widespread installation of company terminals. The payment system entered the market with the desire to become a monopolist in the field of receiving and making payments. Qiwi appeared on the Internet in 2007 after modernization. The services of Kiwi terminals are used even by those citizens who do not like to make payments via the Internet.
To register a virtual wallet, you need a mobile phone. To gain access to advanced functionality, you will need an identity. The system works with four currencies: Russian rubles, dollars, euros and tenge. Access to the wallet is possible from the site or application.
If the owner of the wallet pays money without withdrawing it, you can draw up a bank card. And with her to pay offline. When applying for loans at Qiwi, cardholders can make purchases on credit. You can replenish the balance at the cash desks of banks, card accounts or mobile balance.
Installment Card Conscience QIWI Bank
Yandex money
The payment system has developed since 2002 on the basis of Yandex-PayCash collaboration. The wallet is tied to the owner’s phone number. To expand the list of available functions, it is necessary to pass or forward a scan copy of a common passport certified by a notary. The main currency for settlements is the Russian ruble, but for conversion or transfer you can open accounts in:
- euro;
- tenge;
- belarusian rubles;
- pounds sterling;
- rMB
- swiss francs
- crowns;
- yen;
- zloty.
Through this EPS, you can send money to other users, pay for goods, providers and make other payments. You can replenish the poison wallet from a card account, from a mobile, from the offices of banks and partners, or in payment terminals. Some clients arrange loans in Yandex.Money so as not to pay additional fees to the bank and use borrowed money when paying for purchases and services.
Credit card Alfa-Bank Yandex.Plus
Credit card Tinkoff Yandex.Plus
In the Poison service, you can draw up a card, and bind it to a virtual wallet. This will facilitate the process of calculating electronic money in real life without cashing, searching for places and withdrawal methods.
What are the alternatives for electronic systems?
On the Internet, payments are not only through electronic payment systems. Many banks are developing their own remote services for remote access of customers to personal accounts and operations. This is an online banking, mobile application, Bank-Client for individual entrepreneurs or large companies.
It is beneficial for banks that the majority of customers use remote services. Cashless payments, payments and transfers reduce the costs of a credit institution. Therefore, for users of online banking or mobile versions, additional benefits and preferences are provided. This can be settlements and payments without a commission or with a lower percentage than in the bank’s offices, or online currency exchange at a more favorable rate for an individual. The main advantage of settlements in Internet banking is that you do not need to withdraw money anywhere, payments are made directly from the account.
In addition, money transfer systems are used for the calculation. They have low commissions and money reaches Russia in minutes. They can be received in cash or credited to the beneficiary's account, which is open at the bank. In Russia, the most popular were:
- Western Union;
- Contact;
- Leader;
- Gold Crown;
- Unistream.
Tariffs for shipping in different systems vary in the range of 100-1000 rubles, or 1-1.5% of the amount. With their help, Russians can send money around the country without virtual wallets or online banking.
The advantages and disadvantages of EPS
When choosing an electronic payment system, it is advisable to conduct a comparative analysis of tariffs, interface, ease of registration, as well as restrictions imposed by the developer. For ease of assessment and visibility of all the advantages and disadvantages of EPS are summarized in table.
Description | Benefits | disadvantages |
Webmoney | The largest list of available currencies, including working with cryptocurrency Highly qualified technical support High data protection Mass distribution in the CIS countries |
Paid transfer within the system 0.8% Complex wallet withdrawal procedure High percentage when cashing from 2% No direct transfer to other electronic payment systems Big commission for replenishment |
Qiwi | Convenient and clear registration A large number of branded terminals and free balance replenishment Making your own cards Transfers within the payment system for free |
High fee for cashing from 2.5% to 4% Daily limit for withdrawal and transfer of money 15 thousand rubles |
Yandex money | Intuitive interface Making your own card for offline payments and Free intrasystem payments and transfers Transfer to holders of other wallets 3%, minimum 15 rubles |
Possible wallet locks when transferring to unknown cards, but on the other hand, this complicates access for attackers |
Internet banking | Permanent access to bank accounts and operations Fee for transfers and operations is lower than at the box office and offices, or generally absent Commission for depositing and withdrawing money from accounts at tariffs approved by the bank |
Daily and monthly limits can be set for transactions and amounts of payments and transfers |
Money transfers | Low percentage for sending money domestically Free cash withdrawal to the transfer recipient A large number of points of issue and departure High processing speed The ability to transfer money abroad or receive money from there |
Transfers using systems are prohibited for operations related to commercial activities The systems introduced restrictions on the maximum amount of one transfer |
EPS market trends
The long-known PayPal and the new VK Pay are gaining increasing popularity in the EPS market. This electronic payment system appeared later than all the others. But already in 2018, VK Pay service accounted for 15.4% of users from all non-cash payments in the Russian Federation. Most often, the payment system is used by young people 18-24 years old. The remaining electronic services are chosen by Russians aged 25-34.
The choice of electronic payment systems should be approached very carefully. You can open multiple virtual wallets at the same time. The main thing in this case is to pay attention to what commissions are provided for annual maintenance or for a long period of inactivity of the owner. So, for example, in the absence of payments and transfers to Yandex.Money for two years, 270 rubles are charged per user per month.
In this case, all EPS seek to attract as many users as possible. For them, promotions, bonuses, discounts, cashbacks for payments made through an electronic wallet are provided.
Security
According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs for 6 months of 2019, the number of cases of fraud with the use of electronic means of payment increased by 8 times compared to 2018. And fraud in receiving payments related to electronic payments has increased by 27.6% over the same period. Therefore, lawmakers are constantly putting forward initiatives to improve security measures when using online wallets.
In mid-summer 2019, the Federation Council of the Russian Federation approved a bill prohibiting anonymous replenishment of virtual wallets. As experts predict, if the law is passed, it will affect the market badly.
Owners of electronic money and online banking are required to independently monitor the security of their data, in addition to rely on protection within the system. It is important to:
- do not pass on information about the username, password, codeword, key request, or other identification methods provided for in the system to anyone;
- look carefully at the address field of the site where the payment takes place, at the beginning of the line on the protected resources there is a lock icon;
- systematically check the protection of your laptop, tablet, computer and smartphone for viruses and malware;
- do not voice anyone or forward the code that the payment system sends to confirm payment;
She completed full-time studies at PSU and received a diploma with honors in economics, with specializations in Economics and Management and Computer Technologies. After graduation, she worked at the bank in positions ranging from an operations officer to an acting person. Head of Private and Corporate Customer Service. Every year successfully passed certification, training and trainings in banking services. Total work experience in the bank for more than 15 years. He holds the position of an expert in the field of financial literacy of visitors at Brobank.
The procedure for using electronic means of payment is regulated by the Law of June 27, 2011 No. 161-FZ “On the National Payment System”. The use of such resources is possible subject to the existence of a valid contract between the client and the money transfer operator. The responsibilities of the operator include notifying the client about the conditions for the functioning of the resource, about the existing limiting factors. For each completed operation, the client receives a notification from the operator serving him, which is provided for by the norms of Art. 9 of Law No. 161-FZ.
Electronic means of payment: what applies to them
The definition of this concept is given in paragraph 19 of Art. 3 of Law No. 161-FZ. The term "electronic means of payment" describes the methods of transferring funds through operators according to orders certified by the owner of the money. Funds are transferred in non-cash form using specialized software or technical devices.
Using electronic means of payment, you can pay for goods purchased, for work performed and services rendered. The main condition is that the client’s order about the need to make a money transfer should reach the operator. The payer role can be either a business entity (legal entity or individual entrepreneur), or a private individual who is not involved in business activities.
An electronic means of payment is:
bank cards (both debit and credit);
“Client-bank” installed on the client’s computer so that it can generate payment orders and electronically send them to the servicing bank for making payments;
yandex.Money system, with which you can make payments without a card, from a virtual card or using a full plastic card, ordered through a payment service; WebMoney system, etc.
Settlements by electronic means of payment - whether it is necessary to apply CCP
The procedure for using cash registers is regulated by Law No. 54-FZ of May 22, 2003 (as amended on July 3, 2018). This legal act incl. cases are recorded when the conducted cash transactions do not need to “punch” through the online cash register. If the role of a client paying for goods, services or work is played by an individual who is not a business entity, the use of CCP for non-cash payments is a prerequisite. The norm applies to online stores.
Electronic means of payment Law No. 54-FZ refers to a form of cashless payment. If we are talking about cash receipts from individual buyers, it does not matter which way the transfer was made. The main thing is the fact of transferring money, and how it was implemented by the buyer / client does not matter. In this aspect, the actual distance between the seller and the buyer, the presence or absence of personal contact between them is not taken into account. Money can be transferred through a bank, through a terminal, through online payment services or using a virtual card. In any of the above cases, the operation must be performed at the cash desk, and the buyer should be given a check on the day of purchase or on the next business day, but no later than the date of transfer of goods (paragraph 5.4 of article 1.2 of law No. 54-FZ).
When settlements occur between counterparties - enterprises or individual entrepreneurs, the following nuances are taken into account:
if an electronic means of payment with presentation of a card is used, funds are transferred through a POS terminal, the operation must be recorded by cash registers, the check is stamped out;
if a cashless payment is made through a bank by processing a payment order, such cash receipts do not have to be made through the online cashier.
An electronic means of payment can be used both to pay for goods shipped and to transfer an advance to the seller. In both cases, in order to comply with the provisions of Law No. 54-FZ, it is necessary to distinguish between receipts from counterparties according to the type of transfer - with or without presentation of a payment instrument.
The difference in approaches to assessing the need for the use of CCPs in the case of accepting payments from individuals and from business entities (entrepreneurs and legal entities) is the intended purpose of the products. When an individual without IP status buys a thing for his own use, to satisfy his needs - the person himself is the final link in the consumption of the product. The business entity makes a purchase for the resale of products or their processing, operation as a production element. In fact, for him, the purchase will serve as a means of extracting additional material benefits, which is not typical for the situation with individuals.
Anatoly Oparin / April, 2018
Electronic payments - Not at all new, but only recently stepping into the masses widely, the technology of payment for goods and services practiced throughout the civilized world. Such payments are beneficial both to the buyer and the seller, each in their own way, with common advantages.
Buyer saved from the need to carry paper money (with a number of methods of electronic payments), he can make payments in online stores and Internet services without leaving their home around the clock, he can also pay for services with the Internet that are not connected in any way, for example, for housing and communal services and a mobile phone, in the account of his payment system he sees the statistics of expenses and receipts ...
Seller also benefiting from the fact that his product / service is available for sale 24/7, sales reports are always available for him ... There are many methods of electronic payments when the seller does not have to keep a cash register and a girl at the cash desk, which you still have to pay a salary.
Electronic Payment Methods
Electronic Payment Methods there are the following:
Acceptance of payment cards as a means of payment for goods, work, services is called equalizing. It is carried out by an authorized acquirer bank by installing payment terminals or imprinters at trading or service enterprises. In the case of acquiring money "travels" over electronic networks, so such transactions can be equated with electronic payments.
Exist internet acquiring - Acceptance of bank cards and electronic money via the Internet using a specially designed web interface.
There are also mobile acquiring - a technology that allows you to accept payment of goods or services by bank cards using your smartphone or tablet computer and the mPOS terminal connected to them (mobile Point Of Sale - mobile point of sale).
Sometimes a company, a payment provider (about them - in the next section of the article), which integrates Internet or mobile acquiring into the buyer's business processes, is also called an acquirer.
Some banks offer, and payment providers introduce such a service as invoicing. This is invoicing the buyer in his account in the bank's Internet client. Sberbank, Alfa-Bank has such a service. This method is credible to the buyer, because money does not instantly leave his account, but are waiting for confirmation for withdrawal in a trusted place, in the personal account of a bank user. So, if an attacker obtained the card data of the buyer and made a purchase in the online store, and the account came into the account of the real buyer, then he simply will not pay for this fake purchase.
With a slight exaggeration, we can talk about the electronic nature of payment with this method of payment, when the seller writes out in his Internet service electronic code, which is entered by the buyer in the offline terminal (Svyaznoy, Euroset, CONTACT) to pay for the service in cash.
Electronic payment systems and their providers
Payment systems
To make an electronic payment you need to exist payment systemto which the buyer and seller are connected. Electronic payment systems are a variety of payment systems that provide electronic payment transactions through computer networks (usually the Internet) or special chips. Electronic payment systems are debit (electronic money) and credit (credit cards).
The most popular electronic payment systems for Russia:
Payment Providers
So, connecting the buyer and seller to the same payment system is a necessary condition for a successful transaction. But for the seller this is not enough if he wants to reach customers from different payment systems. Here the companies go on stage - payment providers, who may also call themselves payment integrators or payment aggregators. The essence of their activity is to provide the seller with services for electronic payments by various methods from various electronic and not only payment systems. This approach of a “one-stop service” allows the seller not to delve into each payment system separately, he concludes only one contract with a payment provider, he is spared the need to reconfigure his internal payment infrastructure when an additional payment method is connected. But once the developers are still required to set up a payment acceptance system.
The most famous providers of electronic payments:
There are a lot of them on the Russian market - more than 30. They organize payment services by bank cards, through electronic wallets and mobile devices, take care of transaction security. When choosing a payment provider, you should pay attention to the year of foundation, the commission for services, the timing of receipt of money to the seller’s account, the range of supported payment methods, the quality and number of customers of the company.
Simplified processing scheme
Without going into superfluous (for the initial presentation) details of the interaction of the participants during the payment transaction, we outline the following scheme:
- The buyer presses the [Buy] button in the window of the online store in the list of products.
- Product information is sent to the payment provider system.
- The payment provider generates a purchase form (see the example of the form below) with a choice of payment method.
- The buyer selects the appropriate method and presses the [Pay] button.
- Information with the data of the goods and the buyer enters the payment provider system.
- The payment provider sends data to the payment system according to the selected method.
- After various checks, the payment system will transfer the money from the buyer's account to the account of the online store.
After that, the payment provider and / or payment system informs the buyer of the completed purchase. And the seller provides the buyer with the goods.
Electronic Payment Scenarios
IT specialistwho are considering the introduction of a payment system for their shareware store, you should decide which payment scenarios will be involved in the payment of goods / services of the store. Examples of scenarios:
Integration of electronic payment systems
Integration of a payment provider system with seller sites possible in several ways:
Payment Link
This is the most elementary way in which the developer only needs to post a button on the seller’s website like [Buy], after clicking on which the buyer will be presented with a link to pay for the order by e-mail or on a page in a browser.
Payment module in CMS
Most selling sites operate on CMS (Content Management System-site content management system). Payment providers, as a rule, have in their arsenal modules for the most popular CMS (WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, Bitrix ...).
The module, as a rule, can be downloaded from the CMS administrative area. The user manual is attached to the module.
API
Application programming interface (application programming interface) allows the developer to more flexibly customize the operation of payment systems on the seller’s website than the two above methods, which, however, also use the API, but in a hidden and undocumented way with reduced capabilities.
The API is written, maintained, documented and published by the owner of the payment system.
The essence of the integration work is to create static and generate dynamic pages on the site according to the logic of purchases developed by analysts. Payment scenarios and conditions for their implementation are thought out and implemented. The online store must have a seller’s identifier, so that the payment system will know to whom to transfer the buyer’s money.
As a good example of the integration process, you can cite the code and the external interface of the “Very Good Book” purchase form:
Here, the HTML code on the left is interpreted by the browser into the form on the right (the photo of the book and the title does not apply to the form). We will analyze in more detail the form elements and element parameters:
According to the rules of good web-programming, it is not enough for a developer to just create such a form for a product selected by the user. You also need to write a handler in Javascript before sending it to the server. Javascript will analyze the form data on the client side and promptly inform it of incorrectly filled fields. In this case, you should:
A form can support more parameters than above. See the API documentation for a list of explanations.
The handler may return an error code. There are many options for errors. The developer must ensure their reading, correct identification and adequate response.
The protection of the payment form code from unauthorized intervention on the client side or on the way from the store to the processor needs to be somehow secured, for example, using an electronic digital signature (electronic digital signature). To work with EDS, the developer will need knowledge of the server language, such as PHP, and documentation from the payment provider.
API can ensure that a check is sent to the tax office in accordance with federal law FZ-54 “On the use of cash registers in cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards”. According to this law, from February 1, 2017, cash registers must send electronic versions of checks to the fiscal data operator, and from July 1, 2017, Russian online stores are required to update cash desks and start issuing checks for online payments.
Internal Payment System
If you are a major seller, you want to keep almost all the processing traffic in your IT infrastructure and have maximum functionality, that is, it makes sense to install the entire payment system of the payment provider.
To deploy, configure and support such a system, highly qualified developers will be required.
Anatoly Oparin (indicate authorship when reprinting)
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