Building made of fbs blocks. How to make a foundation from FBS: a step-by-step instruction for self-builders
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Foundation blocks allow you to build durable and reliable foundations for various structures. Against the background of monolithic structures, they compare favorably with speed and ease of installation. That is why the foundation blocks became common in single-story and multi-story construction.
If you decide to use this material, you need to get acquainted with the pros and cons, as well as the features of the technology. Of course, if you use this material, you can’t do without special equipment, because one product can weigh more than 100 kg, but part of the work can be done independently, which will save money.
FBS Description
It is made by the method of forming heavy concrete, which is additionally strengthened by steel reinforcement. The structure and size of the elements allow you to distribute the load from the building to the laid out base. As practice shows, the foundation of the pros and cons of which will be discussed below, is characterized by higher reliability and strength compared to a concrete monolith. FBS is available in several varieties, among which are:
- tape
- column;
- massive.
However, all these products are manufactured using the same technology and are tested. Therefore, the buyer can be sure that he is acquiring quality goods.
The main advantages of the foundation from FBS
The foundation of FBS blocks, the pros and cons of which should be considered before the start of construction, is tape or columnar. A concrete monolith acts as an alternative to FBS, however, the blocks allow you to abandon the construction of formwork, and you will not have to wait for concrete to set. A positive feature is the fact that the foundation from FBS cannot lose its operational characteristics due to weather deterioration. After laying, there is no need to moisten the surface of the foundation, as well as cover it with a film.
FBS passes quality control in the conditions of the plant, its characteristics do not depend on the weather at the time of construction, while the assembly of the structure is faster and easier. The foundation of FBS blocks, the pros and cons of which should be considered by a private developer, allows you to save. With the help of blocks, labor costs can be reduced, therefore, fewer workers will be needed, and construction time is also reduced. Blocks are durable and reliable, they undergo excellent temperature changes, the material is resistant to frost, fire and moisture, and also conducts heat rather poorly.
Cons foundation from FBS
The foundation of FBS blocks, the pros and cons of which are mentioned in the article, differs in that over time, some sections of the structure can subside. This is true when the soil responds to temperature changes. The design is composite, it is assembled from many blocks, so sometimes they behave independently of each other. However, builders learned to cope with this drawback.
And in order to exclude such behavior of products, in the construction of the foundation, sections of tape plates located between the soil and FBS are used. This distributes the pressure of the products over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe structure.
The foundation for the house of FBS blocks has another drawback, which is expressed in the need to protect the seams. The base needs waterproofing. If fairly large blocks are used, then construction cannot be carried out without special equipment.
FBS foundation tape: making pillows and laying the first row
The strip foundation of FBS blocks provides for the formation of a pillow in the first stage. First you need to prepare a trench, taking into account the level of freezing, to which 25 cm should be added. A pillow is laid on the bottom, which consists of two layers: 10 cm of crushed stone and 5 cm of sand. In order for all materials to be compacted as efficiently as possible, their surface is poured with water and pressed.
Then a concrete pillow is laid, its thickness should be 2 cm. In this state, the preparation is left to gain strength, then you can start laying the first row.
The foundation device from FBS blocks at the next stage provides for the installation of products. The first row should be laid on a base that will not sag during operation. For this, a concrete slab is usually used, but many builders do not bother with the additional expenses, using blocks that are laid on their side.
As an alternative solution, you can use pillow blocks, which have a slightly different shape - they are flatter. It is necessary to start the installation from the corners, the products should dock as tightly as possible. Seams are smeared with a cement mixture. The first row must be checked for horizontalness.
Laying the following rows
Installation of the following rows is carried out according to the principle of brickwork. The vertical seam of the block should coincide with the central part of the product from the bottom row. The extreme blocks in the corners should be laid with overlap. Seams are covered with cement. It is necessary to monitor the vertical and horizontal level of masonry. First, the external walls are completed, after which you can start laying the internal ones.
Features of mounting blocks
FBS blocks, the price of which is 730 rubles. apiece, usually stacked using a crane. As a solution, a mixture of the M-100 brand should be used. The laying of one product takes about 15 liters of composition. For orientation, it is necessary to pull a rope between the corners to make it easier to expose the blocks horizontally.
To strengthen the base structure, a reinforced concrete belt is cast in the upper row, the thickness of which varies from 200 to 300 mm. For reinforcement, 10 mm reinforcement can be used. In this next step, floor slabs will be laid on this belt. Some builders dispute the need for using an arm belt, arguing that the products described in the article are fairly evenly able to distribute loads, it is only important to lay them down correctly. But in practice, it becomes clear that the armopoyas device is not recommended to be ignored, it definitely will not get worse from it.
The design is being built according to a certain technology. It provides for the perimeter of the foundation walls, as well as the laying of the reinforcing mesh in the formwork. At the final stage, concrete is poured. On this we can assume that the foundation is ready. The technology is rather laborious, but not complicated. If you follow the instructions, you will get a solid, reliable and safe base, which is relatively inexpensive.
Waterproofing device
Waterproofing the foundation of FBS blocks is an obligatory step. To do this, you can use liquid mastic. The outer and inner walls of the base are coated with it. In those regions where precipitation is frequent and generous, an additional layer of roofing material should be laid, which will improve the quality of waterproofing work.
Conclusion
FBS blocks, the price of which differs depending on the size, are an ideal option for foundation construction. The weight of one product is 80 kg, this is true if the dimensions are equal to 280x300x279 mm. The cost of the block increases to 910 rubles if its dimensions are 380x300x580 mm. In this case, the weight of one product will be equal to 100 kg.
The foundation of FBS blocks has several advantages that none of the types of foundations have. FBS (wall foundation block) and FBP (hollow foundation block) are made of light, silicate and heavy concrete, expanded clay concrete. FBS blocks can have an armature frame, or have only mounting loops. The ends of the blocks have technological grooves in which cement mortar is laid during installation. Let us consider in detail the foundation device from FBS blocks.
An important point is that the blocks are produced in standardized sizes, the number of sizes is enough to form almost any design of a strip and column foundation, as well as their options. The width of the blocks is selected according to the thickness of the walls of the building.
Pros and cons of the foundation of FBS blocks
The use of the foundation of FBS blocks has its advantages and disadvantages. To understand the objective picture, we consider them in detail.
Pluses of the foundation based on FBS blocks
The advantages of choosing and building a foundation of FBS blocks are as follows:
- speed of construction and simplicity of the device, which does not require special skills
- it is possible to carry out work regardless of air temperature and weather conditions, both in rain and snowfall
- the structure of the finished structure is not absolutely rigid, but has some flexibility and mobility due to joints. A rigid tape monolith under the influence of frost heaving forces is subject to greater loads than a flexible block one.
Cons foundation based on FBS blocks
But it’s worth forgetting the shortcomings, we list them:
- special lifting equipment is needed for installation
- the presence of joints that weaken the structure requires serious waterproofing
- despite the high bearing capacity is not applicable on clay and heaving soils, as well as on subsidence and insufficiently dense
It is recommended to choose a foundation from FBS in areas with dense sandy, rocky foundations, and soils containing gravel and gravel-pebble deposits without interlayers of loam. Ideal conditions are a low groundwater level that does not reach the bottom and the base, composed of dense sands of medium and large grain size. Such a base will be a natural drainage, will not hesitate and sag depending on temperature. But such conditions are extremely rare, so the correct preparation of the foundation is very important.
Preparation of the base on dense sandy and gravelly soils consists in arranging a cushion 150 mm high from river or quarry sand with compaction layer by layer in the wet state. On sands of medium density, an additional lower layer of a pillow of crushed stone 100-150 mm thick is required. In both cases, the upper layer of sand is moistened with water and tamped until a trace of the sole is not visible.
During the construction of FBS blocks in high groundwater conditions, draining backfilling from coarse washed sand that does not contain clay is necessary. If there is a high groundwater level and underlying soils - loam and sandy loam, then these soils need to be replaced. In addition, with a high level of water treatment, serious waterproofing is required - with liquid rubber or gluing.
The preparation of a clay, prone to heaving, base is more complicated and consists in the installation of an additional monolithic reinforced pillow. The pillow should protrude beyond the contour of the block foundation by 100 - 200 mm on the outer and inner sides. The thickness of the cushion (from 100 to 300 mm) and the reinforcement is taken as calculated, depending on the strength of the underlying soil. The bottom row of the foundation is laid out from PL blocks having the shape of a trapezoid with an expanded base. Such a device increases the resistance of the foundation to efforts from soil movements.
The design of the block foundation, including the lower and upper reinforcing belts with a thickness of 50-100 mm, which can begin and finish laying, and also alternate through two rows of blocks, provides insurance and does not allow the blocks to "travel" along with uneven subsidence and heaving of soils. Such a device is included in the construction practice and justifies itself.
The size, plan and height of the required output are dictated by the project, depending on the availability of the basement. If there is a basement, then you need a foundation pit and a concrete screed for the floor. If the basement is not needed, then dig a trench. In addition, when calculating the required output size, it must be taken into account that this size should provide, in addition to installing blocks with scrap adjustment, the ability to arrange formwork for armoids and all work on the device and compaction of the base cushion.
The removal of the axes of the foundation is carried out using a laser rangefinder and theodolite. Reference points are reliably marked by clogging of metal beacon pins. Moorings - a stretched fishing line or cord connecting the pins in pairs, form the axis of the walls. It is impossible to divide the distance between the beacons of one wall into separate segments, this will lead to the accumulation of static error, which will result in a deviation and a curved line of the foundation. The mooring is also needed to control the vertical position of the blocks during installation, the gap between the mooring and the block is allowed no more than 2 mm. The masonry horizon is checked with a building level or with a laser level, which will be more reliable.
Step-by-step instruction on the foundation device from FBS blocks
The sequence of installation of the foundation on the basis of FBS blocks:
- the first to install blocking beacons that determine the angles and sections of the intersection of the bearing walls
- between the blocks-beacons put the first row of blocks, filling the vertical joints with cement mortar to a thickness of 20 mm. If necessary, use additional elements, not forgetting to leave the design holes for communication. The edges of the holes are strengthened, or sleeves are inserted, after laying the pipes, the gaps are filled with concrete.
- the second row of blocks is mounted with a dressing, like a brickwork. But with the difference that the indentation from the edges of the blocks of the first row is taken not for reasons of aesthetics, but based on the strength of the soil base. If the bottom is heaving clay, then the vertical dressing sutures are made in the middle of the block of the lower row. In case the base is solid, indent from the edge is done at 0.4 - 0.5 of the height of the mounted block.
- after the upper row of blocks is mounted, fill in the armo-belt. Reinforcement is performed by three rows of bars or mesh. Armopoyas levels the top of the foundation under the walls and increases the reliability of the structure.
- horizontal and vertical joints between the blocks are filled with mortar to the full depth, there should be no empty space. The interlocking seams are stitched both externally and internally.
- small areas can be blocked not only with additional blocks, but also with brickwork or monolithic.
If the site has a high level of groundwater, above the base of the foundation, then all the walls are waterproofed with gluing or coating, and, as a more reliable option, with liquid rubber.
Backfilling of trenches and pits using river or quarry sand is done in layers, with each layer being compacted by tamping.
Before making a foundation of blocks for a private cottage, it is necessary to take into account that the construction budget will hardly change compared to pouring into the formwork, but the work time will be reduced by three times. The industrial production method of FBS guarantees the maximum life of the structure.
A foundation can be made of FBS blocks with your own hands only if there is lifting equipment (manipulator, crane). For a project with a basement, it is necessary to open a pit if the building does not have a basement, enough trenches along the perimeter.
FB production is regulated by the domestic standard of 1978 under number 13579, which indicates the material, dimensions, design features, storage rules, transportation, installation. The main classification is made according to the design of reinforced concrete products:
- FBP - the unit has voids open down to reduce structural loads on the ground;
- FBV - a cut-out is provided for laying communications, mounting jumpers (relevant for tech undergrounds with numerous engineering systems);
- FBS is a solid block of increased strength.
All of them are made of concrete mortar with a density of 1.8 t / m 3 and have several sizes:
- length - 2.4 m, 1.2 m or 0.9 m (the size is slightly smaller, rounded in the marking, indicated in decimeters);
- width - 0.3 - 0.6 m (0.1 m increments);
- height - 0.6 m or 0.3 m (modifications with voids, recesses only 0.6 m).
The mounting loop can be recessed into the body of the unit or protrude above the upper edge (they are bent after installation). When storing, standard requirements must be observed - laying of wood 3 cm thick, stack 2.5 m, maximum.
Step-by-step instructions for the installation of the foundation from FBS
To build the correct prefabricated strip foundation, it is necessary to take into account the type of soil, total loads, groundwater level, number of storeys of the building. If FL foundation slabs are included in the project, it is easier to dig a pit, if the blocks are mounted directly on the ground, enough trenches around the perimeter. Its width should be more than 1 m for waterproofing, insulation of the outer walls of the tape, laying drainage pipes.
Training
Mark the pit
The device of a prefabricated tape base begins with a layout, without which it is impossible to mark the development spot. It is impossible to build a house without a project (an exception is a garden house), all design marks are in this documentation. After the planning of the building spot, the markup is made:
- pegs - driven in 0.5 - 1 m from the corners in order to avoid shedding soil under them during excavation;
- cords - extend along the outer perimeter of the walls, taking into account the construction of the base (flush, protruding, protruding), the width of the FBS.
With a complex configuration of the cottage (bay windows, pilasters), local marking with lime, chalk, paint on the ground can be made.
Excavation
Roy pit
To properly build a cottage, you need high-quality design based on the results of engineering and geological surveys. Only in this case, under the foundation there will be no third-party communications passing through the site, will be known UGV, the composition of the soil. This will create a strength stock of the structure.
The excavation device is justified in the following cases:
- basement planned;
- the need for laying FL plates;
- loose, weak, crumbling soil.
In all other options, you can do with trenches under the walls of the cottage. The depth of the tape is always individual (0.3 - 0.7 m for MZLF, below the freezing mark by 40 cm for deep laying).
Substrate (drainage layer)
For high-quality support of concrete blocks / slabs, load distribution on the lower layers of the soil, it is necessary to replace the soil with non-metallic material. Usually this is a layer of crushed stone of 15 cm of the middle fraction (5-10 mm) along the sand of 15 cm, compacted layer by layer (10 cm) with a plate or manual tamper. Abundant wetting at the time of compaction reduces work time.
Pillow
Prepare the base for the pillow
The installation of a concrete cushion along the underlying layer in low-rise construction is extremely rare (for example, for a two-story mansion with an attic). The quality of PBS is much higher than the monolithic design of the tape due to the exact observance of technology. Individual developers often do not have deep vibrators, concrete mixers, they save on reinforcement, forget to fill up the concrete with sand or sawdust for regular wetting to avoid cracks.
Construction fill
Reinforce and fill the concrete pad
A step-by-step instruction for the manufacture of a monolithic pillow has the form:
- installation of formwork - boards made of plywood, OSB, boards, wrapped inside with a film or roofing material;
- reinforcement - two belts from a grid, rods of a periodic profile with vertical jumpers;
- concrete pouring - should be done in one go, the maximum technological pause cannot exceed 1 hour.
The level of the concrete layer can be the upper side of the formwork or a line on its inner wall. Formwork is possible in 4 to 7 days, depending on the weather, installation of blocks only after two weeks. While drying, you should pour concrete with sawdust and water them from the watering can for the first two days.
Assembled pillow from FL blocks
Instead of a concrete monolithic pillow cushion, special FL blocks can be used
A pillow made of concrete slabs is more expensive, but its quality is higher by default. Installation of PL plates is carried out on a cord stretched along beacon angled reinforced concrete products. With a periodic layout of the plates (intermittent foundation), they are placed at the angles of two adjacent FBS blocks. The gaps between them are filled with sand. Periodic layout allows you to save, but not allowed on soft soils.
Installation of FBS blocks
We mount blocks of the future foundation
The device of the prefabricated tape from the blocks begins after the preparation of the solution. The approximate solution flow rate is 1.5 - 2 buckets, depending on the size of the FBS. The construction technology of the tape is as follows:
- installation of corners - one row at a single level;
- fBS installation near technological openings - necessary for the input of communications, ventilation ducts (only 30-50 cm above the ground level);
- filling the rows - whole blocks are mounted on the mooring cord on the mortar, then pieces chipped from them;
- brick laying - the height of the technological holes is less than the same parameter of the block, so the free space is laid with clay or ceramic bricks, ventilation grilles, sleeves for sewer pipes, water pipes, and other engineering systems are embedded in the masonry.
Foundation thermal insulation
Glue thermal insulation
In 75% of cases, the tape of the prefabricated base is the walls of the basement or basement floor, technical underground. In this case, it is necessary to properly protect the walls of the underground level from condensation. The technology of warming the tape base of the house when it is deepened below the freezing mark is as follows:
- pasting the outer surface of FBS blocks with extruded polystyrene foam over the waterproofing layer;
- covering with a non-woven material to protect the heat insulator from accidental damage at the time of backfilling (dornite or geotextiles are usually used).
External insulation shifts the heat circuit along with the dew point to the outside, the formation of condensate on the inner walls of the basement is completely eliminated. Internal insulation leads to the opposite effect - it will not be possible to get rid of concrete fogging, cladding.
If the project includes a shallow MZLF tape, the technology is slightly modified:
- after gluing the outer surfaces of the blocks with expanded polystyrene, the trench is expanded outward by 0.7-1 m;
- the foundation around the perimeter is lined with horizontally arranged sheets of expanded polystyrene to a width of 1-1.5 meters.
Thus, even with a high level of GW, the heaving soil in frost will not swell. The heat of the bowels stored by the insulation around the perimeter of the building will be sufficient to maintain the positive temperature under the sole of the cottage.
Drainage system
For all concrete structures of the power frame of the home, it is important to reduce the resource in aggressive environments. Therefore, with a high water level or the possibility of increasing it during operation, it is better to divert groundwater from the foundation at the stage of the pit. To do this, it is enough to lay the perforated pipes along the perimeter of the tape at the depth of the sole, to organize the general slope of the ring in the direction of the underground tank, into which sewage will be drilled by gravity.
When making the floor on the ground, the pit inside the tape is partially covered with soil removed from it with layer-by-layer compaction to the design level (-60 cm). This distance is necessary for the “cake” of the insulated board / screed, which will be faced with flooring.
In the operated basement, the slab is poured at the level of the base of the foundation, the underground level is blocked by a slab or structure along the floor beams. In this case, window openings may additionally be present in the basement. Instead of ventilation ducts, full-fledged exhaust ventilation is manufactured. Ventilation ducts cannot be located inside the reinforced concrete blocks, so a technological opening is left in the outer wall, the channel is passed inside the brickwork, or special blocks, panels made of gypsum fiberboard, lightweight, heavy concrete, ceramics, foam silicate are used.
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A house made of FBS blocks is a very popular type of construction. Such material is used to create load-bearing elements of a building that can be operated at temperatures from -70 to +50 degrees. Most relevant is their use for the construction of basement and basement surfaces and the laying of a strip foundation. It is worth noting that such blocks are perfectly combined with all types of soil and climatic features. In our article, we will find out how to build a building from FBS correctly and independently.
Pros and Cons of Material
Before choosing blocks for installation, you need to familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages of FBS material. Namely, such:
- Good toughness;
- Durability;
- Resistance to mechanical and biological effects;
- High level of thermal insulation;
- Environmental Safety;
- A wide range of block models.
Such advantages expand the range of application of FBS products, allowing you to use them in the most uncomfortable conditions. Specialists in the construction industry strongly recommend the use of such material for laying basement rooms, as this will reduce the time for building a house. Of course, such blocks have a huge number of advantages, but we must consider the disadvantages of these products:
- It is worth noting that the blocks have a high cost, but it is lower than that of a monolith;
- In addition, in most cases it is not possible to obtain maximum sealing in the joints. If you install the foundation of the bulk type and the base, you can get a more reliable structure. This design is especially relevant in difficult climatic conditions.
- For construction works of the construction of the base, you must use the services of special machines.
Attention! FBS products are more expensive than other materials, and requires additional waterproofing treatment of the basement or basement.
We choose blocks for installation
When making a choice of building material for the house, namely FBS blocks, first of all, you need to check the documentation of the goods and the availability of a passport. The official product certificate should contain the following information:
- Contact information of the manufacturer;
- Serial code and batch number;
- Overall parameters, brand, weight;
- Strength indicator during compression;
- Resistance to frost and moisture;
- Basic operating rules.
The foundation of the blocks for the house must be made of suitable materials. For this reason, it is necessary to take measurements, which should have almost the same dimensions. It should be noted that the deviation should not exceed 6 mm. Otherwise, such a block cube is not worth buying, since you will spend extra money. If you need to purchase elements for the basement, then consult with the seller whether the material is suitable for such purposes.
Although the blocks are made of reinforced concrete and have a lot of weight, but numerous reviews indicate an increase in demand for them. It is worth assuming that this was influenced by 1 fact - the ability to withstand heavy loads. Plus, the blocks are durable and reliable. Very often FBS products are used in the construction of residential and office buildings. But such a device is justified only in such situations:
- If necessary, build the base of the house as quickly as possible. In this situation, it is not the speed of construction work that plays a role, but the quality of construction in such a short time. You can complete all installation tasks with your own hands, or with the help of specialized equipment.
- If private construction is carried out, especially in situations where you do not have special skills. Most often, such a design is used because of the simplicity of the process and the ease of performing calculations.
- In the case when the site is characterized by a mixed type of soil. To solve all possible unpleasant phenomena, it is recommended to install in one row a tape base, extended to the edges. But, be sure to mount the foundation on a sand cushion.
Do the foundation of the blocks with our own hands
The construction process from FBS products is no different, but the work must be done in strict accordance with the instructions. So, the first thing to do is to calculate all the quantities. Let’s talk about this in more detail.
Calculation of the amount of materials
Before you go for the purchase. You need to know how much material we need to complete the construction. The volume of the masonry is calculated by the following formula:
V \u003d l by a by h, that is, the length multiplied by the thickness and height. Next, the obtained value is divided into indicators of one block. If the building has the shape of a parallelepiped, then the calculation is over, the resulting amount will be the amount of material needed.
Attention! It is very important not to forget that the elements of FBS have a lot of weight, therefore, to perform the work, you should use the services of specialized equipment. Based on this fact, professionals recommend performing calculations for medium blocks, as it will be easier to install them.
Today, manufacturers produce several standard parameters for block products. Such values \u200b\u200bsimplify the implementation of construction work. Usually the block has a height of 58 cm, but for the calculation actions you need to use the number 60. The side walls may be slightly convex, but this is an optional norm, so most blocks are flat. Design features are based on the financial capabilities of the owner.
Attention! Of the main requirements, one must not forget that construction should start from the creation of a sand and gravel pillow under the foundation. All work is done easily, the main thing is to do everything accurately and correctly.
Tools and materials for the performance of work
As we already found out - installation of the base under the house is carried out without any difficulties. The duration of the process depends on the characteristics of the soil on the site and the total weight of the building. But, do not forget that the blocks need to be mounted on a prepared surface, which takes up most of the time. To perform styling, the following tools are needed:
- Level of construction purpose;
- A special level, a clamp and a long rope;
- Compact excavator or shovel. The choice of this tool depends on the size of the house.
- Sand and rubble;
- Vibrating mechanism for ramming;
- FBS blocks;
- A wooden board for creating formwork;
- Concrete mortar.
Materials for creating a prefabricated base are such FBS blocks, with a length of 120 to 240 cm, and a height of 40 and 60 cm. These values \u200b\u200bare standard, but at the present time, specialists use other options.
Attention! Before you buy blocks, you must decide for yourself. Which blocks will be more profitable for you to install.
Preliminary construction phase
When you need to stack blocks, you need to remember the most important work - preparatory. This stage includes such sequential actions:
- We prepare the territory for work. To do this, you need to level the soil, remove large grass and bulges of the site. Next, by depth shunting, we determine the type of soil. The type of finish will depend on this factor.
- If the construction is carried out on clay soil. For such conditions, it is necessary to dig a ditch of a certain depth. At the bottom you need to lay sand and gravel, 30 cm wide. Such a layer can be created in several ways, which are selected according to the availability of materials for the construction. Tamping the pillow should be done with a special vibration tool.
- After making a layer of sand and gravel, trapezoid plates should be placed on the pillow. FBS products are used to increase the area of \u200b\u200bsoil load. This process increases the overall strength and stability of the building. It is recommended to complete the laying of blocks through one, in the form of a chessboard.
- If the site is sandy, the process is slightly different. To perform styling, it is recommended to use a different method. The first one. What needs to be done is to prepare a trench. It is worth noting that there is no need to make a sand pillow for such soil. Tamp the bottom, set the slab and fill it with a thickness of 10 cm.
Attention! For a sandy type of site, it is cheaper to install a strip base.
The main stage of the construction process
This stage is called the main one, as the blocks are being laid right now. There are some rules for performing this task. It is necessary to lay the product's FSB from corner to corner and diagonally. We begin work with the first layer of construction. Blocks need to be installed on the prepared concrete layer, which should be durable and without gravel and crushed stone. It is worth noting that this principle resembles brickwork.
Installation of block elements must be done with dressing in the corners of the building. In this case, the seams between adjacent blocks should be absent. Each layer of the building must be protected from water and moisture. For waterproofing, materials such as rubber, liquid resin and roofing material are suitable.
An equally important role in the quality of the construction is played by the position of the structure. It is worth noting that it can be performed vertically and horizontally. The second method is characterized by a check using special beacons, a rope and a building level. Deviation from the norm of the angle can be such values: horizontally - 2 degrees, vertically - 3.
Attention! I can’t create voids. I mount block devices, since they can quickly deform or lead to the destruction of the building.
The final stage of construction
When creating a building on any type of soil, with the exception of the sandy type, the last stage consists in the implementation of such mandatory works:
- Waterproof the material. You can perform this task with the help of roofing material, liquid rubber, bitumen.
- When the waterproofing agent dries, it is necessary to backfill the territory with sand near the walls on the inside and outside. Its useful to note. That all layers need to be rammed with a vibratory block.
Attention! A prerequisite for such a building is the need to install a drainage system and a concrete pavement.
So we got acquainted with all the nuances and features of the installation of houses from FBS blocks with our own hands. Now you can build your desired building yourself.