Functions of the customer's technical supervision engineer. Technical supervision functions
During the construction of buildings and structures, expansion or technical re-equipment of enterprises, reconstruction, technical supervision of the customer is mandatory.
Technical supervision provides for monitoring the compliance of the scope of work, cost, quality of construction and installation work (CMP) with the approved project and summary estimate, building codes and regulations (SNiP), technical conditions (TU), as well as acceptance of these works. The duties of a construction technical supervision engineer include taking measures to put the supervised facility into operation within the time frame specified in the title list.
Technical supervision workers are appointed by order of the customer - developer and are registered by the bodies of the State Architectural and Construction Control (GASK). Based on the estimated cost of the object, technical supervision can be carried out either by one representative of the customer or by a group of specialists within the limit provided for by the estimated financial calculations (EFI).
The technical supervision engineer appointed for its implementation is the responsible representative from the customer - the developer, who gives a subscription in a special form. Let's consider in more detail the duties of a technical supervision engineer. Let me explain right away that a specialist who has a construction education and work experience in this specialty for 3 or more years has the right to carry out technical supervision.
Technical supervision workers supervising the construction of facilities on subsiding soils, large-panel construction, in seismic regions, over mine workings must undergo specialized training and have a certificate.
Place an order in the design organization for the design of design estimates (DED), followed by its acceptance according to the act and quality control.
Open financing of the object with the provision of the required package of documents.
Conclude a contract (general contract) with a general contractor for the performance of construction and installation work in compliance with all legal nuances. The work contract must necessarily stipulate the amount of the contract in monetary terms, the construction time, a calendar schedule for the performance of work with a breakdown by quarters, the schedule of work .
The duties of the technical supervision engineer include the preparation of the necessary documents for the allotment of a land plot for the planned construction, the technical supervision must ensure the geodetic breakdown and fixing of axes, benchmarks in the allotted area and transfer to the construction company according to the act. The technical supervision engineer must participate in the inspection and accept from the construction organization the axial breakdown of buildings and structures, elevation marks, the mark of the bottom of the foundations with the registration of the relevant acts.
Provide the construction company with documentation for the demolition of existing buildings in the construction zone, transfer of communications, permission to demolish green spaces, if they fall into the construction area of the facility.
To issue a permit for the construction period with city services to provide the construction site from city networks with power supply, water supply, provide for wastewater disposal, gas supply, telephone installation, with the definition of a connection point.
Submit the approved technical documentation (working drawings and estimates) to the construction company. In addition, the duties of the technical supervision engineer include issuing (on the basis of the envisaged package of documents) a permit for the production of work with an indication of the timing (main construction and installation works and works of the preparatory period), with the subsequent extension of its validity period.
The technical supervision is obliged to conduct daily technical control over the high-quality performance of construction, installation and special works in accordance with the approved technical documentation and regulatory documents.
Be present at the acceptance of hidden, special work and only after signing the act for hidden work in a special form, allow the execution of the next type of work according to the technology.
The engineer of technical supervision is obliged to check the availability of passports for structures and products, the supply of which is carried out by factories of the construction industry, for mortars and concrete supplied centrally, to require the results of laboratory tests of control cubes to confirm the design grade of the materials laid in the structure.
During the reporting period, the technical supervision engineer is obliged to accept from the contractor the work performed during the month. At the same time, measure the volume of these works, check the quality of their implementation. If the work is performed with high quality and in accordance with the project, then confirm their completion according to the act of work performed (form - 2) and for payment (certificate in form - 3).
Check the timeliness and correctness of logging of work production, concrete, welding, special work. The duties of a technical supervision engineer provide for making appropriate records in case of violations of the quality of work, deviations from the project and setting a time frame for eliminating prescriptions.
Check the fulfillment of prescriptions, deviations from the project. Monitor the timely implementation of all recommendations entered in the work log by representatives of designer supervision, regulatory authorities.
If necessary, the technical supervision engineer applies to the design organization to agree on changes in the project, replacement of materials, the occurrence of unforeseen work with the aim of coordinating them by the designers and making adjustments to the design and estimate documentation.
Monitor the fulfillment of contractual obligations by design and construction firms, impose sanctions provided for by contracts (agreements).
Participate in the work of the commission for the acceptance of the facility into operation, submit documentation for the equipment supplied by the customer.
When mothballing an object, participate in the survey and assessment of the technical condition of objects, drawing up a defective list of works to be performed for the preservation of structures for the period of mothballing.
The technical supervision of the customer is obliged to notify the state construction control bodies about emergency situations of the state of construction objects and the measures taken to eliminate them.
Technical supervision specialists are responsible for:
- Signing of acts for the work performed that does not correspond to the approved project, SNiP, TU norms in the course of construction, installation and special works.
- Confirmation to the manufacturer of the work of inflated volumes of work in comparison with the fact in kind, which leads to distortion of the reporting on the write-off of materials of the materially responsible person of the contractor, an increase in the estimated cost of the object.
- Signing acts of hidden work that do not correspond to reality, issuing them retroactively, without being present at the construction site at the time of the work, which can ultimately lead to a low quality of these works.
The technical supervision of the customer is a serious and responsible stage in construction, the quality of the facilities being built and their reliability depend on it. The performance of the supervised object depends on how the customer's representative will perform the duties of the technical supervision engineer.
The main goal of control and supervision in construction is to avoid defects, deficiencies, replacement and cheapening of materials, simplification of design solutions, to prevent unreasonable overestimation of the cost of work, and also to ensure the safety of the subsequent operation of the constructed facility.
The functions of technical control over construction can be performed by representatives of the Customer, contractor, government agencies, as well as directly by the authors of the project.
Construction control at large and technically complex objects is carried out by an independent specialized engineering company that has the appropriate approval of a self-regulatory organization. Technical supervision of construction work and installed engineering systems is most often carried out on behalf of the Customer.
The organization of state quality control in construction is the task of the executive authorities. This type of control is carried out by them directly at the construction site in order to protect consumer rights.
Also work on the organization and construction control carried out by organizations specializing in the implementation of fire, sanitary and epidemiological, industrial, energy and other types of supervision. As a basis for architectural and construction control, these organizations take regulatory documents that operate at the stages of design, construction of an object, as well as its operation.
Main supervisory authorities
For the provision of construction control services, independent specialized services (including individual entrepreneurs) are also involved, which have SRO approvals for verification work. In this case, independent experts act as a third party in the construction process along with the Customer and the contractor.
How is construction control carried out?
First of all, the customer must obtain a building permit. This document is issued by the GASK Bodies. After the Technical Customer notifies of the start of construction, a full-time technical supervision inspector is appointed. In the future, as a representative of the body exercising construction control and supervision, he will make a decision on the compliance of the constructed facility with the approved design and working documentation and its readiness for operation.
Before entering the construction site, the general contractor must obtain a work order. Upon arrival of the GASK inspector at the construction site, he must be accompanied by a representative of the Construction Supervision from the Customer or the contractor.
State supervision structures
Who else can exercise construction control (technical supervision)?
- State Unitary Enterprise "Mosvodostok" - oversees the construction of storm sewer networks;
- State Unitary Enterprise "Mosvodokanal" - oversees the laying of external sewerage and water supply networks;
- JSC “MOESK” - supervises the construction of external power supply networks;
- Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in Moscow - performs technical supervision of work at the objects of civil defense and emergency situations;
- State Unitary Enterprise "Mosgaz" - controls the removal or connection of gas networks;
- OJSC "MOEK" and OJSC "Moscow Heating Network Company" - carry out technical supervision of the installation of heating networks.
Other state organizations performing the functions of technical control over construction
At the initial stage of construction, inspections and supervision over the production of work can be independently carried out by the following state bodies:
- Rospotrebnadzor;
- Rostekhnadzor;
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection.
Why is it better to entrust construction control and supervision to an independent expert?
As already mentioned, the implementation of construction control can be assigned to both the customer and the contractor. However, the specificity of the Russian market dictates the need to attract a third, independent person, which is specialized organizations.
Control and supervision in construction can be carried out by the Customer and the contractor that performs the functions of construction control.
The problem is that the customer and the contractor often have different goals. If the first wants to get a high-quality and erected on time object without exceeding the estimate and even with its savings, then the second seeks to get the maximum benefit from the project. Often, unscrupulous contractors performing the functions of technical supervision overestimate the amount of work and consumables in the reporting documents, and skillfully justify this in order to receive compensation from the customer. The original budget is thus increased, sometimes inflating to incredible sizes.
Therefore, it is advisable to involve an independent supervisory organization to carry out construction control. A competent company that has no interest in distorting reports and is not a representative of any of the parties to the project will ensure that the construction is of proper quality and will not allow the contractor to unreasonably go beyond the budget. If the control functions are entrusted to the customer, the risk of abuse by the contractor remains. After all, not every construction management company has personnel who can professionally understand the intricacies of the construction industry.
Thus, the involvement of an independent controlling organization in the project is the best option for meeting all the requirements of the design and estimate documentation. Turning to SEVERIN DEVELOPMENT, you will receive high-quality comprehensive control at all stages of construction.
Often, the actions of non-professional workers and the use of cheap building materials lead to disastrous results. After the renovation, the landlord discovers cracks and defects on the walls, leaks in pipes or curvature of floors. Serious deficiencies can even be the cause of collapsed buildings. To prevent possible problems with housing, technical supervision is carried out.
Technical supervision concept
The main goal of technical supervision is to ensure the exact execution of design building solutions and to verify the application of structures, equipment, construction and finishing materials approved in the design documentation. Technical supervision controls not only the quality of work. During the events, the issues of compliance with the terms, cost and volume of construction work should be resolved. It should be borne in mind that technical supervision specialists should be independent from the contractor organization.
Construction supervision is not limited to residential properties. In the construction of public and industrial buildings and structures, control is no less important.
For legal entities, an agreement for the implementation of technical supervision is necessary to obtain a building permit. The construction control service organized by the customer includes technical specialists. The presence in the customer's staff of an expert of technical supervision is justified not only by more demanding quality control of construction work, but also by the absence of problems with signing acts of acceptance of work performed at the stage of putting the property into operation.
Depending on the customer's requirements, technical supervision workers can be at the construction site permanently or come at the end of each stage of construction, providing one-time consulting services. It should be borne in mind that although the technical supervision officer is not responsible for errors in the design and technical documentation, he can notice them in time and stop construction.
Types of technical supervision in construction
Types of technical supervision held on the territory of the Russian Federation:
- State construction supervision;
- Administrative and technical supervision;
- Financial control.
State technical supervision monitors the compliance of the work performed by construction companies with the approved requirements of technical regulations and project documentation. Inspection is carried out during construction work, reconstruction and overhaul of key real estate objects. In this case, the project documentation is subject to a mandatory state examination. Otherwise, it is considered a project at the development stage or its modification. Residential real estate objects with a height of less than three floors and objects without the need to obtain permits are exceptions to this rule. This service is also not carried out for structures with a height of less than two floors, the area of which does not exceed 1500 square meters.
Administrative and technical supervision involves monitoring the implementation of absolutely all standards and norms during the construction process. First of all, this concerns a comprehensive assessment of the entire repair process, starting from the level of its safety and ending with a detailed analysis of estimates. As a result, it is possible to optimize all costs and determine the real terms of the planned construction work.
Financial technical supervision implies the implementation of effective control over the spending of the customer's funds. This type of supervision begins from the first days of the project and continues until its final completion, which is accompanied by the commissioning of a particular property.
Functions and tasks of construction control
The main functions and tasks of construction control are as follows:
- Reducing costs, which consists in tracking the volume of construction work that is presented for payment. This is a kind of budget control. Competent actions of specialists can reduce up to 20% of the estimated cost;
- Improving the quality of work by tracking the use of declared technologies, as well as compliance with rules and regulations;
- Quality control of the materials used along with verification of certificates, laboratory testing of samples and monitoring compliance with warehousing rules;
- Monitoring the correctness of construction documentation, which facilitates the search for violations in construction technologies and the subsequent operation of the property;
- Supervision of compliance with deadlines at all stages of construction. This item includes eliminating the backlog of the schedule and tracking the execution of the guaranteed delivery of the property on time by 99%.
Who is supervising?
The number of legal entities that can be involved in the implementation of technical supervision is quite large. The main representatives of construction control enterprises are state supervisory authorities. They can be municipal, as well as refer to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Local authorities have the right to authorize the organization of construction work, as well as the subsequent operation of the finished property. They are involved in supervision at the stage of acceptance of the finished structure.
State organizations who have the right to exercise construction supervision:
- Rospotrebnadzor;
- Inspection that carries out environmental control;
- Rostekhnadzor.
Other organizations who have the right to exercise technical supervision during construction:
- Specialized organizations that have an SRO (Self-Regulatory Organization) admission. First of all, they are attracted to work on technically complex and rather large objects. These firms work under a contract that is concluded with the customer;
- Project developer company in case of designer supervision;
- The customer himself or his official representative;
- Authorized employees of the contractor organization who are responsible for carrying out the construction.
Control procedure
The customer or a person who acts in his interests organizes technical supervision in accordance with the provisions of the set of rules No. 48.13330.2011 (clause 7.3).
General procedure for technical supervision during construction:
- The employees of the control group determine the tasks of the upcoming work;
- A working group is being formed. It includes specialists with specialized education who are directly related to construction. Usually these are electricians and specialists in other LSS with at least 5 years of experience in their specialty. The group also necessarily includes a financier who analyzes the estimates;
- Construction activities are monitored with a visit to the site. Their frequency and duration is prescribed in the corresponding agreement. The conditions are determined by the complexity and scale of construction work at the site. Trips should be carried out at least once a month;
- Reporting documentation is being drawn up on the performed control measure.
In the documentation of technical supervision, all identified violations must be indicated, indicating the violated standards, images of completed construction work, diagrams and graphs that illustrate the features of construction, as well as cost estimates are included.
During construction work, representatives of the technical supervision service are required to keep an appropriate "Journal". This document is kept on site. Employees of the control group are also required to sign acts that are drawn up upon the completion of repair work.
Participants in the construction process conduct regular inspections of the facility for compliance with the author's concept, technical standards, environmental safety, compliance with safety regulations, etc. The all-Russian official website publishes information on the choice of a supplier who will provide construction control and technical supervision services for the facility. Architectural supervision, construction control and technical supervision - what's the difference?
What is included in technical supervision
General contractors during construction work carry out quality control checks, referring to independent experts. Independent examination is a common practice of obtaining objective data on work on a construction site. The ExpertSystem company has the skills to conduct technical supervision and will help to solve the problems faced by the Customer during construction.
What tasks does technical supervision solve?
- ensuring the quality of work performed;
- compliance with project documentation, budget compliance;
- guarantee of compliance with the deadlines for the delivery of the project;
- control of materials used in construction.
Construction control specialists "Expert Systems" have the education that allows them to make calculations and give expert opinions on certain types of work. The quality of thermal insulation, connection to the sewage system, ventilation systems, heating, electricity - the correct functioning of the systems depends on the good work of the builders and the timely identification of deficiencies. In practice, work is often carried out in violation of technology, an open marriage is being prepared for delivery. Technical supervision or construction control reveals violations, gives instructions for elimination.
Works performed by technical supervision specialists:
- quality control of work (compliance with technologies, standards);
- control over the performance of work approved by the project;
- identification of violations in terms of storage, warehousing of building materials, equipment, tools;
- verification of reports on the work performed, reconciliation with the actual volume of work;
- control of the timing of the work, according to the schedule;
- analysis of the estimates provided;
- checking the availability of certificates, documents for building materials, tools, equipment;
- participation in the state acceptance committee;
- interaction with the design organization;
- verification of elimination of identified violations;
- control over the maintenance of all documentation, changes to it.
Technical control and construction supervision is carried out using technical means, visual, documentary, laboratory analysis for the successful commissioning of the finished object.
What the law says about technical supervision
According to the City Planning Code, organizations in the process of construction, reconstruction, overhaul must carry out construction control in order to check the quality, compliance with the project, technical work regulations, and the code does not mention "technical supervision". The legislation does not give a separate definition of technical supervision and technical control, all examinations at a construction site are united by the concept of "construction control", what is the difference between these concepts?
In one of the explanations of Rostekhnadzor, it was said that supervision can only be state, and control is provided by the customer of the construction. Although from the point of view of semantics these words are synonyms, the supervisory authorities were considered state structures, and the controlling ones were commercial ones. The statement was discussed by specialists for a long time, but by 2014 the concepts of technical supervision and construction control began to replace each other.
Until 2007, organizations carried out examinations using guidelines from Rostekhnadzor, since 2010 new standards have come into force, in which there is no concept of technical supervision. Currently technical supervision is a part of construction control, carried out by the Customer of the construction independently, or with the help of the involvement of third-party organizations (if the Customer does not have the necessary knowledge and skills, or he wants to get an independent assessment).
Types of construction control
Construction control is a set of measures with the involvement of experts in order to accurately comply with the terms of the project. Depending on the level of specialists involved, the procedure and objectives of the examination, supervision is external and internal.
№ | Control method | View |
1 | External control | Author's control is exercised by the chief architect of the project. |
Technical- carried out by the Customer or Investor in order to control all stages of construction. | ||
State- carried out by state bodies:
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2 | Internal control | Input- checking the conformity of materials and products supplied to the construction site (TU, GOST, certificate, etc.). This check is carried out by the customer or contractor. It all depends on who is responsible for the delivery to the site. |
Operating- observance of PPR, implementation technology, norms. | ||
Acceptance- verification and evaluation of the work performed. At this stage, all completed works are checked, including hidden ones (for example, foundation). All hidden works are accepted by representatives of technical supervision on the part of the Customer, as well as by the authors of the project. Based on the results of the acceptance, an act of completion is signed. |
To carry out technical control or construction supervision, the Customer (Investor) turns to independent experts who will give an opinion on the compliance of the facility with the approved design and estimate documentation and design plan.
When accepting work from the General Contractor, the Customer checks the content, correctness of all completed documents (reports, magazines, statements, etc.). From the moment of accepting the work, the Customer will bear all responsibility. Construction control and technical supervision are carried out by organizations that do not depend on either the contractor or the customer.
How is it different from? Formally, we can say that construction control is a set of measures carried out at the entire construction stage by specialists of the contractor, the Customer, as well as independent experts (commercial structures, SROs, government agencies, project authors). Consequently, technical supervision is activities that are carried out by the Customer or Investor in order to verify the conformity of works (materials, structures, products) approved by the project.
In the specialized literature, the question of how construction control and technical supervision differ is often discussed. According to publications, technical supervision is carried out by the Customer, and construction control is mentioned in the context of inspections carried out by government agencies. Despite the fact that the Urban Planning Code called all control procedures "construction supervision", specialists in the construction industry mean by "technical supervision" an independent examination carried out by the Customer, and "construction control" - a set of checks at the entire stage of construction (author's, technical, state, input).
- compliance with regulatory requirements and adopted design solutions;
- compliance with the contractual (estimated) cost of construction;
- ensuring the quality of construction.
When carrying out its activities, the technical supervision of construction is guided by design solutions,
standards and requirements of the current regulatory and legal documents, the assignment of the Customer.
Compliance with design solutions and quality assurance of construction
The functions of technical supervision in construction begin with a check of design estimates developed by design organizations. If at this stage any deviations from the current norms or errors in the adopted design decisions are found, the working drawings do not correspond to the materials of the "Project" stage, at the request of technical supervision, the necessary changes are made to the design documentation in accordance with the established procedure.
Before the start of construction, representatives of the technical supervision check whether the contractors have general and special work logs, the work projects prepared by them, and the availability of the necessary permits from local authorities.
In the course of construction and installation work, technical supervision staff constantly monitor the compliance of the working documentation, compliance with the work technology. At the same time, the requirements of regulatory documents for the implementation of installation, general construction and special types of work are taken into account.
Quality control of geodetic works performed by contractors is of great importance for ensuring the quality of construction.
The functions of technical supervision include quality control of the structures, materials, products and equipment used. The availability of quality certificates for building materials is checked, if necessary, laboratory tests of samples are carried out, non-destructive methods of control and diagnostics are applied. Technical supervision employees constantly monitor compliance with the rules for storing building materials and products, the conditions for their storage.
The competence of technical supervision includes control over the high-quality and timely implementation by contractors of the instructions and requirements of the state architectural and construction control authorities, workers of architectural and technical supervision. These requirements are entered in the general and special work journals, the designer's supervision journal, and are contained in the orders of the supervisory authorities.
Ensuring the timing and cost of construction
One of the main functions of technical supervision in construction is to control the contractual deadlines for the performance of construction and installation work by contractors. This ensures the timely completion of all construction, installation and commissioning works at the construction site, the commissioning of this facility in a predetermined period. At the same time, compliance with the technology for performing certain types of work, the timing of the necessary technological breaks between certain types of work, and the sequential completion of individual stages of construction are continuously monitored.
If a lag from the work schedule is detected, the technical supervision representatives give an order to the contractor construction organization to eliminate the backlog and inform the Customer about it.
The fulfillment of the contractual deadlines for construction is facilitated by the intermediate acceptance of individual structural elements of buildings and structures, which is carried out with the participation of representatives of design and contracting organizations.
During the construction of the facility, the construction supervision regularly monitors the amount of construction and installation work performed by contractors for payment, their compliance with the design and estimate documentation, which allows for strict control and compliance with the construction budget.
Acceptance of the building for operation
At the final stage of construction, the main function of technical supervision is the acceptance of executive, production documentation from contracting construction and installation organizations, checking the correctness of its execution and completeness.
At industrial facilities, the technical supervision of construction controls the progress of commissioning, the operability of technological equipment with the release of a trial batch of finished products.
Representatives of technical supervision take part in the work of the state acceptance commission or the working commission, draw up a defective statement based on the results of the commission's work and control the elimination of identified defects and deficiencies.