SP 54.13330 single-family residential houses. A.2 Rules for determining the area of apartments, the total area of apartments
APPROVED BY
By the decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR of 05.16.
N 78
BUILDING REGULATIONS
SNiP 2.08.01-89 *
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
from 11.10.94 N 18-21; Resolutions of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of 03.06.99 N 42, of 20.11.2000 N 112)
Date of introduction 1990-01-01
DEVELOPED TSNIIEP dwellings of the State Committee for Architecture (Cand. Architect B.Yu. Brandenburg - head of the topic; Cand. Architect S.V. Krolevets, Dr. Abramova; V.L. Veksler), TsNIIEP grazhdanselstroy Goskomarkhitektury (Candidate of Architect L.M. Agayants), TsNIIEP of Engineering Equipment of the State Committee for Architecture (Candidates of Engineering Sciences A.Z. Ivyansky, I.B. Pavlinova), VNIITAG (State Committee on Architecture Candidate of architect A.S. Krivov)
INTRODUCED TSNIIEP dwellings of the State Committee for Architecture
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the State Committee for Architecture (I.E. Greenberg, Candidate of Technical Sciences I.M. Arkharov, L.G. Surkov)
APPROVED by the decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR of 05.16.89 N 78
SNiP 2.08.01-89 * is a re-edition of SNiP 2.08.01-89 with amendments N 1 of April 30, 1993 N 18-12 and N 2 of October 11, 1994 N 18-21, approved by resolutions of the Gosstroy (Ministry of Construction) of Russia ...
Sections, paragraphs, tables in which changes have been made are marked in these Building Codes and Rules with an asterisk.
Amendment No. 3, approved by the decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 03.06.99 No. 42 and effective from 01.07.2000, has been IMPROVED.
Sections, paragraphs, tables in which changes were made No. 3 are noted in this document (K).
* These rules and regulations apply to the design of residential buildings (apartment buildings, including apartment buildings for the elderly and families with disabled people who move in wheelchairs, hereinafter referred to as families with disabled people, as well as dormitories), up to and including 25 floors.
Specific measures to ensure the life of disabled people and other low-mobility groups of the population should be provided taking into account local conditions and additional requirements of VSN 62-91 * / Goskomarkhitektury.
These rules and regulations do not apply to the conditions for the settlement of residential buildings, as well as to the design of inventory and mobile buildings. Accommodation conditions are determined by housing legislation and the relevant regulatory and methodological documents.
The definition of the terms is given in the mandatory Appendix 1, the rules for calculating the area of apartments in houses and hostels, the living area of hostels, the area of residential buildings, the area of premises, the construction volume, the building area and the number of storeys of residential buildings - in the mandatory Appendix 2.
1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
SANITARY AND HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS, LIGHTING AND INSOLATION
1.1 *. The height of living quarters from floor to ceiling must be at least 2.5 m, for climatic subareas IA, IB, IG, ID, IIA - at least 2.7 m.
The height of floors from floor to floor for residential buildings for social purposes is recommended to be taken no more than 2.8 m, for climatic subdistricts IA, IB, IG, ID, IIA - no more than 3.0 m.
The height of the apartment corridors must be at least 2.1 m.
It is allowed in living quarters and kitchens located in the attic floor to have a lower height relative to the standardized one on an area not exceeding 50% of the total area of the premises. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
In the living quarters and the kitchen located in the attic floor, a lower height is allowed relative to the standard on an area not exceeding 50% of the total area of the premises.
1.2. The duration of insolation, corresponding to SNiP 2.07.01-89 *, must be provided: in one-, two- and three-room apartments - in at least one room; in four-, five-, six-room - not less than two rooms. In hostels, at least 60% of living rooms must be insulated.
1.3 *. Living rooms, kitchens, non-canalized toilets, entrance lobbies (except for those leading directly to apartments), staircases, common corridors in residential buildings of the corridor type, as well as public premises in hostels and residential buildings for the elderly and families with disabled people should have natural lighting. Natural lighting should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-4-79. In this case, the ratio of the area of light openings of all living rooms and kitchens of apartments and hostels to the floor area of these premises, as a rule, should not exceed 1: 5.5. The minimum ratio should be at least 1: 8, for mansard floors, when using dormer windows, it is allowed to take a ratio of 1:10. The length of common corridors should not exceed 24 m at one end and 48 m at two ends when illuminated through light openings in the outer walls. With a longer corridor length, it is necessary to provide additional natural lighting through light pockets. The distance between two light pockets should be no more than 24 m, and between the light pocket and the light opening at the end of the corridor - no more than 30 m. The width of the light pocket should be at least half its depth (excluding the width of the adjacent corridor). Through a light pocket, which can serve as a staircase, it is allowed to illuminate corridors up to 12 m long, located on both sides of it. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
Note. It is allowed to design kitchen niches without natural lighting in residential cells of dormitories (no more than two rooms) and in one-room apartments of type 1A (see Table 5) when equipped with electric stoves and artificial exhaust ventilation.
1.4 *. In houses designed for climatic regions II and III, rooms with natural lighting should be provided with ventilation through transoms, vents or other devices. At the same time, apartments designed for the III climatic region must be provided with through or corner ventilation, vertical ventilation (through shafts) is also allowed. In sectional buildings designed for the III climatic region, it is allowed to ventilate one-sided one- and two-room apartments through a staircase or other outside ventilated premises. Moreover, there should be no more than two such apartments per floor. In houses of the corridor type, it is allowed to ventilate one- and two-room apartments through common corridors no more than 24 m long, with direct natural lighting and through or corner ventilation.
1.5. In buildings designed for construction in areas with an average monthly temperature of July 21 degrees. From and above, light openings in living rooms and kitchens, and in the IV climatic region should also be within the horizon sector 200-290 degrees, equipped with external adjustable sun protection. In buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with a height of five floors or more, external sun protection should be made of non-combustible materials. In one-, two-storey buildings, it is allowed to provide sun protection means of landscaping.
1.6. (K) Stairwells must be illuminated through windows in the outer walls of each floor, except for the cases specified in 6.39 of SNiP 21-01-97.
The ventilation of the staircase must be provided through opening glazed openings with an opening area of at least 1.2 m2 on each floor.
1.7 *. (K) Fences for loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors and more must be made of non-combustible materials.
Glazing of balconies and loggias used as a transition through the air zone with smoke-free staircases, into adjacent sections, for placing external stairs and blind walls, arranged in accordance with 6.13 and 6.20 SNiP 21-01-97, as well as in insufficient lighting is not allowed premises adjoining these balconies and loggias, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 23-05-95.
1.8. The norms of permissible noise levels for residential buildings should be adopted in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-12-77.
FLOOR AND DEGREE OF FIRE RESISTANCE
1.9. (K) The number of storeys and lengths of buildings are determined by the development project. When determining the number of storeys and the length of residential buildings in seismic areas, the requirements of SNiP II-7-81 *, SNiP 2.07.01-89 * and SN 429 * -71 should be met. Apartment houses for the elderly should be designed no higher than nine floors, for families with disabled people - no higher than five. In other types of residential buildings, apartments for families with disabilities should be located on the ground floors.
Fire protection of buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01-97, except for cases specifically stipulated in these standards.
The classification of residential buildings for functional fire hazard should be taken according to SNiP 21-01-97:
F1.2 - hostels;
F1.3 - apartment buildings, including for families with disabled people.
1.10. Through passages in buildings should be taken with a clear width of at least 3.5 m, a height of at least 4.25 m. Through passages through the stairwells of buildings should be located at a distance of no more than 100 m from one another.
1.11. (K) The floor area of the fire compartment between the fire walls in buildings of class F1.3, depending on the degree of fire resistance, the class of constructive fire hazard and the height of the buildings (according to SNiP 21-01-97) should be no more than indicated in Table 1.
Table 1
The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m2 | |||
I | C0 | 75 | 2500 |
II | C0 | 50 | 2500 |
C1 | 28 | 2200 | |
III | C0 | 28 | 1800 |
C1 | 15 | 1800 | |
C0 | 5 | 1000 | |
3 | 1400 | ||
IV | C1 | 5 | 800 |
3 | 1200 | ||
C2 | 5 | 500 | |
3 | 900 | ||
V | Not standardized | 5 | 500 |
Not standardized | 3 | 800 |
The height of the building is determined by the height of the upper floor (including the attic), excluding the upper technical floor, and the height of the floor is determined by the difference in the elevation of the passage surface for fire engines and the lower border of the opening (window) in the outer wall.
In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, to ensure the required limit of fire resistance of the load-bearing elements of the building, it is allowed to use only structural fire protection.
In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, intersection walls and partitions, as well as partitions separating common corridors from other rooms, must have a fire resistance limit of at least EI 45, in buildings of IV degree of fire resistance - at least EI 15.
In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, inter-apartment curtain walls and partitions must have a fire resistance limit of at least EI 30 and a fire hazard class KO, in buildings of IV degree of fire resistance - a fire resistance limit of at least EI 15 and a fire hazard class of at least K1.
The fire hazard class of interior (including wardrobe, collapsible, with doorways and sliding) partitions is not standardized.
Bearing elements of two-storey buildings of IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance limit of at least R 30.
1.12. (K) In dormitory buildings (class F 1.2 according to SNiP 21-01-97), the floor area between fire walls and the maximum height of buildings, depending on the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard, should be taken: for dormitories located in residential buildings of a sectional type, - according to table 1, for hostels of the corridor type - according to table 1a.
Table 1a
Fire resistance of the building | Building constructive fire hazard class | The highest permissible building height, m | The largest allowable floor area, m2 |
I | C0 | 50 | 2200 |
II | C0 | 28 | 2200 |
C1 | 15 | 1000 | |
III | C0 | 15 | 1000 |
C1 | 9 | 1200 | |
IV, V | Not standardized | 3 | 400 |
It is allowed to divide the fire compartments of buildings of dormitories of IV and V degrees of fire resistance with a blank fire wall of the 2nd type when no more than two fire compartments are blocked.
1.13 *. (K) It is allowed to build buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with one attic floor with load-bearing elements that have a fire resistance limit of at least R45 and a fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings specified in Table 1, but located no higher than 75 m. The enclosing structures of these mansards must meet the requirements for the structures of the superstructured building.
When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided to ensure the specified requirements.
It is allowed in buildings of I, II, III degrees of fire resistance to take for the attic floor a fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures, as well as intersection partitions of 0.75 hours with a zero fire spread limit, while the requirements of clause 1.8 of SNiP 2.01.02-85 in terms of rafters and lathing does not apply to attic floors. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
When using wooden structures, fire protection should be provided to ensure the above fire resistance limit of structures and the fire propagation limit. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
1.14. The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated outbuildings should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building.
1.15. (K) The fire resistance limit and fire hazard class for gallery structures in gallery houses should correspond to the values adopted for floors.
EVACUATION ROUTES
1.16. The level of the floor of the premises at the entrance to the building must be at least 0.15 m higher than the level of the sidewalk in front of the entrance.
1.17. The number of ascents in one flight of stairs or at a difference in levels must be at least 3 and no more than 18.
Stairways and landings should have railings with handrails, in homes for the elderly and families with disabled people - additionally wall handrails.
1.18. (K). Exclude.
1.19. It is allowed to install heating devices, garbage chutes, floor combined electrical panels and mailboxes in stairwells, without reducing the standard width of the passage along staircases and flights.
Only heating devices may be installed in smoke-free staircases.
1.20. Stairwells and elevator halls should be separated from premises for any purpose and floor corridors by doors equipped with shutters, with sealing in the vestibules.
It is allowed to provide glazed doors, while in buildings with a height of four floors and more - with reinforced glass.
1.21. (K) The greatest distances from the doors of apartments and dormitory rooms to the staircase or exit should be taken according to table. 2.
table 2
Fire resistance of the building | Building constructive fire hazard class | The greatest distance from the doors of an apartment or a room in dormitories to the exit, m | |
when located between stairwells or external entrances | when entering a dead-end corridor or gallery | ||
I, II | C0 | 40 | 25 |
II | C1 | 30 | 20 |
III | C0 | 30 | 20 |
C1 | 25 | 15 | |
IV | C0 | 25 | 15 |
C1, C2 | 20 | 10 | |
V | not standardized | 20 | 10 |
In a section of a residential building, when leaving apartments in a corridor (hall) that does not have natural lighting at the end, the distance from the door of the most distant apartment to the exit directly to the staircase should not exceed 12 m; in the presence of natural light, this distance is allowed to be taken according to Table 2 as for a dead-end corridor.
1.22. The width of the corridor in residential buildings between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the staircase must be, m, not less: with a length of up to 40 m - 1.4, over 40 m - 1.6; the width of the gallery is at least 1.2 m. The corridors should be separated by partitions with doors equipped with shutters and located at a distance of no more than 30 m from one another or from the ends of the corridor.
1.23. In apartment buildings for the elderly and families with disabled people, as well as when placing apartments for families with disabled people on the ground floor, there should be no steps or thresholds in the corridors at the entrance to the building, the approach to the elevator and the garbage chute. In such cases, ramps with a width of at least 1.2 m with a slope of no more than 1:20 should be provided. The width of the corridors outside the apartment must be at least 1.8 m, and the width of the doors must be at least 0.9 m.
1.24. The smallest width and greatest slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to table. 3.
Table 3
Name of the march | The smallest width, m | Greatest slope |
Marches of stairs leading to residential floors of buildings: | ||
sectional: | 1,05 | 1:1,5 |
two-story | 1,05 | 1:1,75 |
three-story and more | 1,2 | 1:1,75 |
bellhop | 0,9 | 1:1,25 |
Marches of stairs leading to basement and basement floors, as well as intra-apartment stairs |
Note. The width of the march should be determined by the distance between the rails or between the wall and the railing. Intra-apartment stairs are allowed to be made of wood.
1.25 *. (K) In residential buildings of a sectional type, with a section area of up to 500 m2 inclusive, it is allowed to provide an evacuation exit from the section floor to one staircase.
Moreover, in each apartment located at a height of more than 15 m, emergency exits according to 6.20a), b) or c) SNiP 21-01-97 should be provided.
It is allowed for an apartment located on two floors (levels) not to provide access to the staircase from each floor of this apartment, that the premises of the apartment are located no higher than the 6th floor and the floor of the apartment that does not have a direct exit to the staircase is provided with an additional exit in accordance with with the requirements of this paragraph. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
1.26. (K) In residential buildings of a corridor (gallery) type with a height of up to 28 m, inclusive, with a total area of apartments on the floor of 500 m2, more general corridors (galleries) must have exits to at least two ordinary stairwells of the 1st type. With a total area of at least 500 m2, access to one ordinary staircase of the 1st type is allowed. In this case, at the ends of the corridor (gallery), it is necessary to provide exits to external stairs of the 3rd type.
When placing an ordinary staircase at the end of the building, it is allowed subject to the requirements of table. 2 device of one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).
1.27. (K) In residential buildings for climatic region IV and climatic sub-region IIIb with a height of not more than 28 m, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance limit of at least 1 hour instead of staircases.
1.28. In climatic regions I - III, at all external entrances to residential buildings, vestibules with a depth of at least 1.2 m should be provided, in homes for the elderly and families with disabled people - at least 1.5 m deep and at least 2.2 m wide. vestibules at the entrance to residential buildings should be designed depending on the number of storeys and the area of construction according to table. 4.
Table 4
Average temperature of the coldest five-day period, degrees С | Double vestibule in buildings with the number of floors |
Minus 20 and above | 16 and more |
Below minus 20 to minus 25 incl. | 12 " " |
" " 25 " " 35 " | 10 " " |
" " 35 " " 40 | 4 " " |
Below minus 40 | 1 " " |
Note. With a direct entrance to the apartment in single-family and block houses, the double vestibule should be designed at a temperature of the coldest five-day period minus 35 degrees. C and below. |
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS OVER 28 M AND OVER (K)
1.29. (K) In residential buildings of sectional type with a height of more than 28 m with a total area of apartments on the floor of up to 500 m2, an exit to the staircase of type H1 should be provided. At the same time, for all apartments and common areas of hostels located at a height of more than 15 m, emergency exits should be provided according to 6.20a), b) or c) SNiP 21-01-97.
In residential buildings of a corridor type with a height of more than 28 m with a total area of apartments on the floor of up to 500 m2, it is allowed to provide access to one smoke-free staircase of the H1 type, provided that at the ends of the corridors there are exits to external stairs of the 3rd type, leading to the floor level of the second floors. When placing a smoke-free staircase at the end of the corridor, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor.
In these buildings, with a total area of apartments on the floor of more than 500 m2, at least two smoke-free staircases should be provided: at least 50% of them should be of the H1 type; smoke-free staircases and within the first floor must have exits directly to the outside.
Smoke-free transitions to staircases of type H1 must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of clause 6.37 of SNiP 21-01-97<*>. from 20.11.2000 N 112)
In smoke-free staircases of the H1 type, it is allowed to provide stair flights and landings with a fire resistance limit of R 15 of the class of constructive fire hazard KO. (as amended by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of 20.11.2000 N 112)
1.30. (K) Delete.
1.31. (K) In sectional houses, it is allowed to arrange an exit from the smoke-free staircase of the 1st type through the vestibule, separated from the adjoining corridors by firewalls of the 1st type. In this case, the communication of the staircase with the vestibule should be arranged similarly to other floors through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the first floor with a metal grating.
On the way from the apartment to the staircase, there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.
1.32. The removal of smoke from floor corridors in buildings with smoke-free staircases should be provided through special shafts with forced draft and valves arranged on each floor at the rate of one shaft per 30 m of the corridor length.
An independent fan should be provided for each smoke exhaust shaft. Smoke extraction shafts must be made of non-combustible materials and have a fire resistance limit of at least 1 hour.
1.33. (K) In elevator shafts, in case of fire, external air should be supplied from a separate channel to the upper part of the elevator shaft.
In this case, the excess pressure in the elevator shaft should be taken according to the calculation in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-91 *.
1.34 *. Ventilation installations for air pressure and smoke removal should be located in separate ventilation chambers, fenced off by type 1 fire partitions. The opening of the valves and the switching on of the fans should be provided automatically from fire alarms installed in the hallways of apartments, dormitory rooms and public service rooms, as well as remotely from the buttons installed on each floor in fire hydrant cabinets.
1.34a. The norms of this subsection (clauses 1.29-1.34) do not apply to existing buildings with a height of 9 floors (10 floors of section-type buildings for large and largest cities) built on an attic floor. In this case, the attic floor must be provided with a second emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 1.25. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
NON-RESIDENTIAL FLOORS
1.35. The height of public premises located in residential buildings may be taken to be equal to the height of residential premises, except for premises in which, according to the conditions for placing equipment, the height must be at least 3 m.
1.36 *. (K) On the first, second and basement floors of residential buildings, it is allowed to place premises for retail stores, catering, consumer services, post offices with a total area of not more than 700 m2, savings banks, shops and kiosks of the union press, women's clinics, distribution points dairy kitchens, legal advice and notary offices, registry offices, branches of libraries, exhibition halls, offices of housing and maintenance organizations, for physical education and recreation with a total area of up to 150 m2, cultural work with the population, as well as premises for groups of short-term stay of preschool children age (except for the basement), with the exception of:
catering establishments with more than 50 seats (except for dormitories) and home kitchens with a capacity of more than 500 meals a day;
points of acceptance of dishes, as well as stores with a total sales area of more than 1000 m2;
specialized stores, construction, mosquito-chemical and other goods, the operation of which may lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings, stores with explosive substances and materials in them, specialized fish and vegetable stores;
consumer services enterprises that use flammable substances (with the exception of hairdressing salons, watch repair shops with a standardized area of up to 300 m2);
repair shops for household machines and appliances, shoe repair with a standardized area of over 100 m2;
baths, saunas, laundries and dry cleaners (except for reception centers and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg of linen per shift);
automatic telephone exchanges intended for telephone installation of residential buildings with a total area of more than 100 m2;
public restrooms;
funeral homes.
Placement on the top floor of creative workshops of artists and architects is allowed, while the communication of the floor with the staircase should be provided through the vestibule. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
In the superstructured attic floor of buildings of the II degree of fire resistance with a total height of not more than 9 floors (10 floors of section-type buildings for large and large cities), it is allowed to place office-type premises in agreement with local authorities, taking into account the requirements of paragraph 1.38. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
On the top floor, it is allowed to accommodate creative workshops of artists and architects, while the communication of the floor with the staircase should be provided through the vestibule.
1.37. When installing built-in and built-in - attached parking lots for cars in residential buildings, the requirements of SNiP 21-02-99 should be observed. (as amended by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of 20.11.2000 N 112)
1.38 *. Public premises, except for public premises of hostels and homes for the elderly and families with disabled people, must have entrances and evacuation exits isolated from the residential part of the building. When placing office-type premises in the built-on attic floor, it is allowed to accept staircases of the residential part of the building as the second escape exit, while the communication of the floor with the staircase should be provided through a vestibule with fire doors. The door in the vestibule, overlooking the staircase, should be provided with opening only from the inside of the room. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
Loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be performed: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels; from the side of highways, in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to design the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public premises of up to 150 m2.
1.39 *. (K) The load-bearing structures of the coating of the built-in-attached part must have a fire resistance limit of at least R45 and a fire hazard class K0. If there are windows in a residential building, oriented towards the built-in-attached part of the building, the roof level should not exceed the floor mark of the upper living quarters of the floor of the upper living quarters of the main part of the building. The insulation in the covering must be non-flammable. The coating must have a protective layer to prevent overheating from the sun.
1.40. Engineering communications of public premises passing through the residential part, or the residential part, passing through the built-in premises (except for water supply and heating from metal pipes), must be laid in independent mines, fenced with fire partitions, with the exception of the premises listed in clause 3.7.
1.41. The height of the basement and basement rooms, as well as technical subfields from the floor level to the bottom of the floor slab, must be at least 1.8 m, when parking spaces for cars and motorcycles owned by citizens are placed in it, at least 2 m, public premises - in accordance with clause . 1.1, individual heating points - not less than 2.2 m.
1.42. The height of the technical floors is determined in each individual case, depending on the type of equipment and communications located in the volume of the technical floor, taking into account the conditions of their operation.
In attics, including technical ones, there must be a through passage along the building with a height of at least 1.6 m and a width of at least 1.2 m; in some sections with a length of no more than 2 m, it is allowed to reduce the height of the passage to 1.2 m, and the width to 0.9 m.In technical undergrounds, basements and basements, a through passage along the building with a height of at least 1.8 m ( clean); in some areas with a length of no more than 1 m, it is allowed to reduce the height of the passage to 1.6 m (clean).
In the transverse walls of basements and technical subfields of large-panel buildings, openings with a height of 1.6 m are allowed.In this case, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.3 m.
The height of the technical underground premises should not exceed 2 m.
1.43. Accommodation of residential premises in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
1.44. In individual residential buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be designed in accordance with the instructions of SNiP II-11-77 *.
1.45. (K) In buildings with a height of three floors and more, the exits to the outside from the basement, basement floors and the technical underground should not communicate with the stairwells of the residential part of the building and should be located at least 100 m. The exits from the technical underground should be arranged in accordance with from 6.21 SNiP 21-01-97. Exits from basements and basements should be provided directly to the outside. In buildings up to five floors inclusive, these exits are allowed to be arranged through the staircase of the residential part by separate fire partitions of the 1st type, separated within the first floor from the exit from the residential part.
Technical, basement, basement floors and attics should be divided by type 1 fire partitions into compartments with an area of not more than 500 m2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - in sections. Evacuation exits from the basement and basement floors should be provided in accordance with 6.12 SNiP 21-01-97. Each compartment or section of the basement and basement floors must have at least two windows (hatches) with a size of at least 0.9x1.2 m. The exit to the attic must be provided from each staircase. Each section of the attic must provide access to the roof according to 8.4 SNiP 21-01-97. In technical floors and attics, doors in fireproof partitions can be made of materials of flammability groups G1 and G2.
Two exits should be provided from the technical floors located in the middle of the building and technical attics, made in accordance with the instructions 6.21 of SNiP 21-01-97. Entrances to these floors are allowed through common staircases.
Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings of the II degree of fire resistance with a height of up to five floors inclusive, as well as in buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance, may be designed with non-standardized fire resistance limits and fire hazard classes. Partitions separating the technical corridor of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be type 1 fire protection.
The roof, rafters and lathing of attic coverings may be made of combustible materials. In buildings with attics (with the exception of buildings of the V degree of fire resistance), when constructing rafters and lathing made of combustible materials, roofs made of combustible materials are not allowed, and rafters and lathing should be subjected to fire retardant treatment.
1.46. (K) Public premises located in residential buildings, except for single-family and blocked houses, should be separated from the premises of the residential part by type 1 fire partitions and type 3 ceilings without openings in buildings of I degree of fire resistance - by ceilings of the 2nd type.
1.47. In each partition and internal wall of the technical underground, with the exception of fire barriers, it is necessary to provide openings under the ceiling with an area of at least 0.02 m2 in each.
In the outer walls of basements and technical underground floors that do not have exhaust ventilation, air vents with a total area of at least 1/400 of the floor area of the technical underground, basement, evenly spaced along the perimeter of the outer walls, should be provided. The area of one vent must be at least 0.05 m2.
1.48. For ventilation of a cold attic, openings with a total area of at least 1/500 should be provided in the outer walls on each side of the building, and at least 1/50 of the attic floor area in climatic regions III and IV.
1.49. Roofs should be designed, as a rule, with an organized drain. it is allowed to provide for an unorganized drain from the roofs of 1-2 storey buildings, provided that visors are installed over the entrances. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
ELEVATORS
1.50 *. In residential buildings with a floor elevation of the upper floor from the level of the planned ground elevation of 14 m or more, elevators should be provided. In IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA climatic subareas and areas located at an altitude of 1000 m or more above sea level, elevators should be provided in buildings with a floor elevation of the upper floor of 12 m or more.
For buildings subject to construction before 2000 in IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA climatic subareas, it is allowed not to provide elevators when the floor of the upper floor is 13.5 m or less from the planning level of the earth.
In residential buildings for the elderly and families with disabled people with a floor mark of the upper floor, respectively, 8 m or more and 5 m or more, elevators should be provided.
The required number of elevators, their carrying capacity and speed in residential buildings of various storeys should be taken in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 3.
It is allowed not to provide for elevators when adding a 5-storey residential building with an attic floor when the elevation of the added floor is no more than 16 m. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
1.51. The width of the platform in front of the elevator must be, m, not less: for passenger elevators with a lifting capacity of 400 kg - 1.2; 630 kg with a cab 2100 wide and 1100 mm deep - 1.6; with a cab with a width of 1100 and a depth of 2100 mm - 2.1. The machine room of elevators is not allowed to be located directly under the living rooms, as well as adjacent to them. Elevator shafts should not be located adjacent to living rooms.
GARBAGE REMOVAL
1.52. The need for garbage chutes in residential buildings is determined by local authorities, depending on the adopted garbage disposal system.
It is allowed to keep the existing waste disposal system when adding an attic floor to buildings. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21; Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of 20.11.2000 N 112)
1.53. The trunk of the chute must be airtight, soundproofed from building structures and must not adjoin living quarters.
The garbage chute must be equipped with devices for periodic washing, cleaning and disinfection of shafts in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN "Sanitary Rules for the Maintenance of Territories of Populated Areas. (as amended by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of 20.11.2000 N 112)
1.54. (K) The waste collection chamber should be located directly under the shaft of the waste chute with hot and cold water supply to it. The waste collection chamber is not allowed to be located under living rooms or adjacent to them. The clear height of the chamber must be at least 1.95 m.
The waste collection chamber should have an independent entrance with an outward opening door, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall (screen), and be distinguished by fire partitions and ceilings with fire resistance limits of at least REI 60 and fire hazard class K0.
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC ELEMENTS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
APARTMENTS AND LIVING UNITS
2.1. Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions for their settlement by one family.
2.2. (K) Apartments should provide living rooms and utility rooms: kitchen, front room, bathroom or shower, restroom, pantry (or utility built-in wardrobes). It is allowed to arrange a room for household work, a cold storage room (or cabinets), a ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and shoes.
The arrangement of balconies, loggias, terraces is allowed in climatic regions III and IV, and in the absence of unfavorable conditions also in climatic regions I and II.
In the presence of unfavorable conditions, loggias may be provided only to provide apartments with an emergency exit.
In rural residential buildings, verandas and terraces are permitted in all climatic regions.
In apartments for the elderly and families with disabilities, the device of loggias or balconies is mandatory. Their depth in apartments for families with disabled people should be at least 1.4 m.
2.3 *. The types of apartments by the number of rooms and their area (excluding the area of balconies, terraces, verandas, loggias, cold storage rooms and side vestibules) in social housing buildings are recommended to be taken according to Table 5.
Settlement type | Upper limits of the area of apartments, (large and small), m2, with the number of rooms (types of apartments) | |||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||
BUT | B | BUT | B | BUT | B | BUT | B | BUT | B | BUT | B | |
City, village | 28 | 36 | 44 | 53 | 56 | 65 | 70 | 77 | 84 | 95 | 96 | 108 |
Village | 38 | 44 | 50 | 60 | 66 | 76 | 77 | 89 | 94 | 104 | 106 | 116 |
Note*. The ratio of apartment types in terms of the number of rooms and area for specific regions and cities is determined by the local administration, taking into account the demographic requirements, the achieved level of housing provision for the population and the resource provision of housing construction.
2.4 *. The area of the living room (common room) in a one-room apartment must be at least 14 m2, in apartments with 2 or more rooms - at least 16 m2, other living rooms and kitchens - at least 8 m2. In one-room apartments of type 1 A and two-room apartments of type 2 A in city houses, it is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches of at least 5 m2.
The area of the bedroom living room and kitchen in the built-on attic floor of two or more room apartments is allowed at least 7 sq. M, provided that the common room has an area of at least 16 sq. M. (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
2.5. In one-room apartments, combined bathrooms are allowed. The doors of the restroom, bathroom and combined bathroom should open outward.
2.6. It is not allowed to enter a room equipped with a toilet directly from the kitchen and living quarters (except for living quarters intended for families with disabled people).
It is not allowed to place a toilet and a bath (or shower) directly above living rooms and kitchens. Placing a toilet and a bathroom (or shower) above the kitchen is allowed in apartments located on two levels. It is not allowed to fix devices and pipelines directly to inter-apartment walls and partitions that enclose living rooms.
2.7. The width of the back rooms of the apartments should be, m, not less than: kitchen - 1.7, front - 1.4, inside corridors - 0.85, restroom - 0.8 (minimum depth - 1.2).
In apartments for families with disabled people, the width of the utility rooms should be, m, not less: kitchen - 2.2, front - 1.6 (with the possibility of storing wheelchairs), inside corridors -1.15, dimensions of a bathroom or a combined bathroom ( width x depth) 2.2x2.2, lavatory with a washbasin - 1.6x2.2.
2.8. It follows from each apartment of single-family and blocked buildings, and from the apartments of the first floors of multi-apartment buildings, it is allowed to provide access to the area near the apartment.
2.9. Living rooms of dormitories should be designed based on the occupancy of no more than three people with an area of at least 6.0 m2 for each resident. The rooms must be impassable, at least 2.2 m wide, they should be equipped with built-in wardrobes with an area of at least 0.5 m2 for each resident.
2.10. Living rooms of hostels should, as a rule, be grouped with utility rooms (kitchens or kitchens-niches, front rooms, sanitary and hygienic rooms), in living cells with a capacity of no more than 12 people. for individuals (workers, employees, students) and no more than 3 people. for family youth.
Residential cells in hostels for students of vocational and secondary specialized educational institutions should, as a rule, be designed for no more than 50 people. and instead of kitchens, provide vat. They should additionally include public premises: rooms for educators, recreation, training sessions, washing, drying and ironing clothes with a total area of no more than 1.5 m2 per person. These living quarters must have two evacuation exits.
2.11. In all types of hostels, kitchens or kitchens-niches should be designed taking into account clause 1.3 based on: for 2 - 6 people. - at least 5 m2, and for 7 people. and more - at the rate of 0.8 m2 per person. It is allowed to arrange common kitchens for several residential units, but no more than 25 people.
2.12. The equipment of sanitary and hygienic facilities in dormitories for singles should be designed at the rate of 1 shower or bath, 1 washbasin and 1 toilet for 4-6 people, and in hostels for young families - 1 bath, 1 toilet and 1 washbasin for 2-3 people ...
PUBLIC FACILITIES FOR SPECIALIZED HOUSING
2.13. In dormitories for singles, in accordance with their types and capacity, public premises should be provided: for cultural events, educational and sports activities, recreation, catering, medical and consumer services, administrative and economic purposes.
2.14. In dormitories for family youth, administrative premises, for recreation and training, wheelchairs, premises for short-term stays for children should be provided, and in hostels for 1000-1500 places - also a cookery store and a distribution point for a children's dairy kitchen.
2.15. Homes for the elderly and families with disabilities should provide facilities for recreation, medical and consumer services and work.
2.16. The area of public premises, m2 per person, should be no more than those indicated in Table 6.
Table 6
Type of specialized dwelling | Number of residents, people | |||||
50 | 100 | 200 | 500 | 1000 | 1500 | |
Dormitory for singles (workers, employees, students, students of vocational and secondary specialized educational institutions) | 2,6 | 2,5 | 2,5 | 2,4 | 2,3 | 2,1 |
Dormitory for family youth | 1,5 | 1,4 | 1,2 | 1,1 | 1,0 | 1,0 |
Residential building for the elderly | 2,2 | 1,9 | 1,3 | - | - | - |
Residential building of apartment type for families with disabled people | 2,5 | 2,0 | 1,4 | - | - | - |
Notes: 1. The composition and area of public premises should be taken in accordance with the design assignment programs.
2. In hostels for 25 places, public premises (recreation room and storerooms) should be provided at a standard area of 1.4 m2 per 1 person.
3. As part of the norm for the area of public premises in hostels for students of vocational and secondary specialized educational institutions, public premises located in residential cells are taken into account in accordance with clause 2.10.
OFFICE BUILDINGS AND PREMISES
2.17. In cities and towns in residential buildings of any number of storeys in the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry should be provided for storing cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink. It is allowed to arrange pantries with an area of up to 3 m2 for residents of the house: household, for storing vegetables, as well as for solid fuel. In this case, the exit from the floor where the storerooms are located must be isolated from the residential part.
2.18 *. When designing low-rise residential buildings, as a rule, it is necessary to provide for buildings and premises, the composition and area of which should be taken in accordance with territorial norms or, in their absence, in accordance with the technical design assignment.
2.19. The height of the premises of outbuildings for keeping livestock and poultry must be at least 2.4 m. less than three utility rooms.
2.20. (K) When arranging garages (including attached ones) in the basement, basement floors of one-, two-story single-family and block houses (and in one- and two-family houses and on the first floor), their design is allowed without observing the standards for the design of enterprises for car maintenance.
In buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance, a visor should be provided above the garage door if windows of other rooms are located above it.
3. ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE
3.1. In residential buildings, household and drinking, fire and hot water supply, as well as sewerage and drainage systems, designed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01-85, should be provided. In buildings with a height of up to 50 m, instead of an internal fire-fighting water supply system, it is allowed to provide for the device of dry pipes with nozzles brought out to the facade of the building for connecting fire trucks. (as amended by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of 20.11.2000 N 112)
In areas without centralized engineering networks, it is allowed to design one-, two-story residential buildings with non-canalized latrines.
In climatic regions I, II and III, with the exception of subdistrict IIIB, it is allowed to arrange warm non-canalized toilets (backlash closets, etc.), provided in apartment buildings within the heated part of the building, and in hostels with a capacity of no more than 50 people. outside the main limits of the building, connected to it by a warm transition.
In climatic region IV and climatic subdistrict IIIB, the installation of uncanalized latrines in the heated part of a residential building is not allowed. At the same time, premises should be provided for the device of further sewerage latrines in the heated part of the building and it is necessary to provide latrines outside the building.
3.1a. On the drinking water supply network, a separate tap should be provided for connecting a hose (sleeve) in order to be able to use it as a primary device for intra-apartment fire extinguishing at an early stage.
The hose must provide the ability to supply water to any point in the apartment, taking into account the jet length of 3 m, be at least 15 m long, 19 mm in diameter and equipped with a spray. (as amended by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of 20.11.2000 N 112)
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
3.2. (K) Residential buildings should provide heating and ventilation with natural motivation, designed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-91 *. The calculated air parameters and the frequency of air exchange in the premises should be taken in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 4.
3.3. When calculating the enclosing structures of residential buildings, the following should be taken: the internal air temperature is 18 degrees. C in areas with the coldest five-day temperature (determined according to SNiP 2.01.01-82) above minus 31 degrees. C and 20 deg. C at minus 31 degrees. C and below; relative humidity equal to 55%.
3.4. For rooms with a standardized hood, compensation of the exhaust air should be provided both due to the supply of outdoor air and due to the overflow of air from other rooms of the apartment.
Exhaust ventilation of living rooms of apartments and hostels should be provided through the exhaust ducts of kitchens, toilets, bathrooms (showers) and drying cabinets.
When installing gas water heaters in kitchens, the flue from the water heater must be considered as an additional exhaust duct.
3.5. Local ventilation ducts of one apartment may be combined into a prefabricated ventilation duct with their connection to a prefabricated duct at the same level above the serviced premises by at least 2 m.
Combining ventilation ducts from kitchens, toilets, bathrooms (showers), pantries for products with ventilation ducts from the premises of apartment heat generators, garages is not allowed.
3.6. (K) Heating and ventilation must be provided in public premises built into residential buildings. The need for air conditioning systems is established by the relevant regulatory documents.
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning should be designed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-91 *.
3.7. Ventilation of built-in objects must be autonomous. Exhaust ventilation of premises located within the dimensions of one apartment - notary offices, legal advice offices, children's rooms, offices of housing maintenance organizations, savings banks, kiosks of the Union of press and other built-in premises, where there are no fire and explosion hazardous substances and harmful emissions do not exceed standard values, it is allowed to attach to common exhaust system of a residential building.
3.8. In buildings with a warm attic, air removal from the attic should be provided through one exhaust shaft for each section of the house with a shaft height of at least 4.5 m from the ceiling above the last floor.
3.9. In climatic regions with the temperature of the coldest five-day period (provision 0.92) below minus 40 degrees C, residential buildings with a height of three floors and more are allowed to be equipped with forced ventilation with heated outside air.
3.10. Apartment water heaters (including small-sized heating boilers) for gas fuel are allowed to be provided in residential buildings up to five floors, inclusive, for solid fuel - up to two floors inclusive (excluding the basement).
Household solid fuel heat generators should be installed in kitchens or in separate rooms. In one-, two-family houses, the entrance to the room where the heat generator is located is allowed from the utility room of the apartment.
3.11. Cooking and heating stoves (stoves) on solid fuels are allowed to be installed in apartment buildings no more than two floors high (excluding the basement floor) and in one-story dormitories.
ELECTRICAL DEVICES
3.12. In residential buildings, electrical lighting, power electrical equipment, telephony, radio, television antennas and ringing alarms should be provided. Dispatching of engineering equipment systems should be envisaged in projects for the development of microdistricts.
Intra-house and intra-apartment electrical networks must be equipped with residual current devices (RCDs) in accordance with the PUE. (as amended by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of 20.11.2000 N 112)
3.13 *. In the kitchens of residential buildings with a height of 11 floors or more, in hostels, homes for the elderly and families with disabled people (regardless of the number of storeys), it is necessary to provide for the installation of electric stoves. In residential buildings of variable number of storeys with a height of one of the parts of 11 floors or more, electric stoves should be used in all parts of the building.
It is allowed to use various energy sources for kitchen equipment in various sections of buildings that do not have common attics, basements, technical floors, openings of mines and canals.
It is not allowed to install gas equipment in public catering, trade, and consumer services built into residential buildings.
It is allowed to install electric stoves in houses of any number of storeys equipped with central heating and hot water supply in agreement with the power supply organization.
3.14 *. Projects of electrical equipment, communication devices, signaling and dispatching of residential buildings should be carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents approved by the authorities, in the competence of which, in accordance with their Regulations, is the solution of these issues.
3.15. (K) Emergency smoke ventilation should be designed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-91 *. Metal cabinets for automatic control of fire-fighting devices should be placed in an electrical room on the ground floor. The output of the fire signal should be provided to the point of the joint dispatching service.
3.16. On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of collective reception antennas and racks of overhead broadcasting networks. It is allowed, if necessary, to arrange premises in the attics of buildings for the installation of equipment for a large collective television reception system (KSKPT). The laying of television networks from distribution cabinets to entrances to apartments should be hidden.
3.17. Regardless of the number of storeys of buildings in all premises of dormitories, with the exception of sanitary and hygienic ones, in apartments for the elderly and families with disabled people, automatic installations of fire alarms and warning people about a fire should be provided.
3.18. Lightning protection is designed in accordance with the requirements of RD 34.21.122-87, depending on the height of the building.
Clause 3.19 shall be deleted.
3.20 *. In multi-apartment residential buildings, as a rule, intercoms or combination locks should be installed at the entrance.
3.21. Premises of apartments and dormitories (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers, laundry rooms, saunas) should be equipped with autonomous optical-electronic smoke detectors that meet the requirements of NPB 66-97, with a protection category of IP 40 (according to GOST 14254-96).
The detectors are usually installed on the ceiling. They can be installed on walls and partitions of rooms not less than 0.3 m from the ceiling and at a distance of the upper edge of the detector's sensitive element from the ceiling not less than 0.1 m. (as amended by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of 20.11.2000 N 112)
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
(as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
Balcony - a fenced area protruding from the plane of the facade wall, which serves for recreation in the summer.
Blocked residential building - an apartment-type building, consisting of two or more apartments, each of which has direct access to the area near the apartment.
Veranda is a glazed unheated room attached to a building or built into it.
Sectional residential building - a building consisting of one or more sections.
Gallery-type residential building - a building in which apartments (or dorm rooms) have exits through a common gallery to at least two stairs.
Corridor-type residential building - a building in which apartments (or dorm rooms) have exits through a common corridor to at least two stairs.
A dormitory cell is a group of living rooms united by utility rooms for common use.
Staircase and elevator node - a room designed to accommodate vertical communications - staircase and elevators.
Elevator hall - a room in front of the entrances to the elevators.
Loggia - a room covered and fenced in plan on three sides, open to the outer space, serving for relaxation in the summer and sun protection.
Unfavorable conditions for the design of balconies, loggias and terraces are:
In climatic regions I and II - average monthly air temperature and average monthly wind speed in July: below 4 degrees. C at any wind speed; 4-8 deg. С and wind speed up to 4 m / s; 8-12 degrees С and wind speed 4-5 m / s; 12-16 degrees С and wind speed more than 5 m / s;
noise from highways or industrial areas 75 dB or more at a distance of 2 m from the facade of a residential building;
dust concentration in the air of 1.5 mg / m3 or more for 15 days or more over three summer months.
The total area of the apartment is the total area of the living and auxiliary premises of the apartment, taking into account loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces (see mandatory Appendix 2).
The planning mark of the ground is the level of the ground at the border of the blind area.
Cellar - a structure buried in the ground for year-round storage of food; it can be free-standing, located under a residential building, an outbuilding.
Apartment plot - a plot of land adjacent to a house (apartment) with direct access to it.
A ventilated underground in the permafrost zone is an open space under a building between the ground surface and the overlap of the first (basement, technical) floor.
Light pocket - a room with natural light adjacent to the corridor and used to illuminate it. The role of the light pocket can be performed by a staircase, separated from the corridor by a glazed door at least 1.2 m wide. In this case, the width of the opening in the staircase is taken as the width of the light pocket.
A skylight is a glazed roof structure for lighting a staircase or patio.
Section of a residential building - a part of a building whose apartments have access to one staircase directly or through a corridor, and separated from other parts of the building by a blank wall. The length of the corridors without lighting at the ends and adjacent to the staircase should not exceed 12 m. The total area of apartments on the section floor should not exceed 500 m2.
Tambour - a passageway between doors, which serves to protect against the penetration of cold air, smoke and odors when entering a building, staircase or other premises.
Terrace - a fenced open annex to the building in the form of a recreation area, which can have a roof, is located on the ground or above the lower floor.
Cold storage room - storage room with an area of up to 2 m2, located in the unheated volume of the apartment.
Attic - the space between the surface of the covering (roof), the outer walls and the ceiling of the upper floor.
Shaft for ventilation - a hollow vertical space protected by a ventilation grill for the entire height of the building with a horizontal section of at least 1/30 of the total area of all ventilated apartments on the floor.
A bay window is a part of the room that goes out of the plane of the facade, partially or completely glazed, which improves its illumination and insolation.
Attic floor (attic) - a floor in an attic space, the facade of which is fully or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of an inclined or sloping roof, while the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade plane should be at a height of no more than 1.5 m from the floor level of the attic floor ... (as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
Above-ground floor - a floor when the floor level of the premises is not lower than the planning level of the ground.
Basement floor - a floor when the floor of the premises is below the planning level of the earth by more than half the height of the room.
Technical floor - a floor for placing engineering equipment and laying communications; can be located in the lower (technical underground), upper (technical attic) or in the middle of the building.
Ground floor - a floor when the floor of the premises is below the planning level of the earth to a height of no more than half the height of the premises.
Appendix 2
Mandatory
REGULATIONS
CALCULATION OF THE AREA OF APARTMENTS IN HOUSES AND HOSTELS, RESIDENTIAL AREA OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, AREA OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, AREA OF PREMISES, CONSTRUCTION VOLUME, AREA OF BUILDING AND RESIDENTIAL FLOORS
(as amended by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation of 11.10.94 N 18-21)
1. The area of apartments should be determined as the sum of the areas of living rooms and utility rooms, excluding loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces and cold storage rooms, vestibules.
2. The total area of apartments should be determined as the sum of the areas of their premises, built-in wardrobes, as well as loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces and cold storage rooms, calculated with the following decreasing coefficients: for loggias - 0.5, for balconies and terraces - 0.3 , for verandas and cold storerooms - 1.0.
The area occupied by the stove is not included in the area of the premises. The area under the march of an intra-apartment staircase with a height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures of 1.6 m or more is included in the area of the premises where the staircase is located.
3. The total area of the premises of hostels should be determined as the sum of the areas of living rooms, utility rooms, public premises, as well as loggias, balconies and verandas, calculated according to the instructions in clause 2.
4. The total area of apartments in residential buildings should be determined as the sum of the total areas of apartments in these buildings, determined in accordance with clause 2; the total area of public premises built into residential buildings is calculated separately according to SNiP 2.08.02-89 *.
Underground areas for ventilation of a building designed for construction on permafrost soils, an attic, a technical underground (technical attic), outside communications, as well as vestibules of staircases, elevator and other shafts, porticos, porches, outdoor open stairs are not included in the total area of buildings.
The area of staircases, elevators and other shafts is included in the floor area, taking into account their areas at the level of this floor.
The area of attics and utility underground is not included in the area of the building.
6 *. The area of premises of residential buildings should be determined by their dimensions, measured between individual surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding skirting boards). When determining the area of the attic floor, the area of this room is taken into account with a height up to an inclined ceiling of 1.5 m with an inclination of 30 ° to the horizon, 1.1 m - at 45 °, 0.5 m - at 60 ° and more. For intermediate values, the height is determined by interpolation. The area of a room with a lower height should be taken into account in the total area with a factor of 0.7, while the minimum wall height should be 1.2 m with a ceiling tilt of 30 °, 0.8 m at -45-60 ° is not limited with a 60 ° tilt, and more.
9. When determining the number of storeys of the above-ground part of a building, all above-ground floors, including technical, attic and basement floors, are included in the number of floors, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m higher than the average planning level of the earth.
The underground for ventilation under buildings designed for construction on permafrost soils is not included in the number of above-ground floors.
With a different number of floors in different parts of the building, as well as when placing a building on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of storeys is determined separately for each part of the building.
** 1.6 m / s is indicated for the speed of elevators in buildings of 17 floors.
Notes:
1. It is allowed, with an appropriate feasibility study, to replace elevators with a lifting capacity of 400 and 630 kg, respectively, with elevators with a lifting capacity of 320 and 500 kg.
2. Elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg should have a cabin dimensions (width x depth) 1100 x 2100 or 2100 x 1100 mm, and in homes for the elderly and families with disabled people 1100 x 2100 mm.
3. In buildings with a height of 17 floors and more, as well as in homes for the elderly and families with disabled people, an elevator with a carrying capacity of 630 kg must ensure the transportation of fire departments and meet the requirements of NPB 250-97.
(as amended by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation
1. In the corner rooms of apartments and hostels, the design air temperature should be taken at 2 degrees. C above indicated in the table.
2. In the stairwells of houses for the IV climatic region and IIIB climatic subdistrict, as well as houses with apartment heating, the design air temperature is not standardized.
3. The air temperature in the elevator machine room during the warm season should not exceed 40 degrees. WITH.
4. Values in parentheses refer to homes for the elderly and families with disabilities.
Code of rules SP-54.13330.2011
"SNiP 31-01-2003. RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS"
Updated edition of SNiP 31-01-2003
With changes:
Multicompartment residential buldings
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules applies to the design and construction of newly constructed and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings with a height * (1) up to 75 m (hereinafter in the text adopted in accordance with SP 2.13130), including apartment-type dormitories, as well as residential premises, included in the premises of buildings of other functional purposes.
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
4.3 During the design and construction of a residential building, conditions for the life of people with limited mobility must be ensured, the accessibility of the site, building and apartments for disabled people and elderly people using wheelchairs, if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is established in the design assignment ...
Specialized apartment buildings for the elderly should be designed no higher than nine floors, for families with disabled people - no higher than five. In other types of residential buildings, apartments for families with disabilities should be located, as a rule, on the ground floors.
In residential buildings of state and municipal housing stock, the share of apartments for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the life of people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups of the population should be provided taking into account local conditions and the requirements of SP 59.13330. Two-way traffic of disabled people in wheelchairs should be provided only in specialized residential buildings for the elderly and for families with disabled people. In this case, the width of the corridors must be taken at least 1, 8 m.
4.4 The project should include instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house, which should contain data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: hidden wiring diagrams, locations ventilation ducts, other elements of the building and its equipment, in respect of which construction activities should not be carried out by residents and tenants during operation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.
4.4a Redevelopment and reconstruction of apartments must be carried out in accordance with the rules of Article 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
4.5 Residential buildings should provide for: household and drinking and hot water supply, sewerage and drainage systems in accordance with SP 30.13330 and SP 31.13330; heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SP 60.13330. Fire-fighting water supply, smoke protection should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 10.13130 and SP 7.13130.
4.6 In residential buildings, electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephony, radio, television antennas and ringing alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments, rescue equipment, fire protection systems should be provided in accordance with with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as other engineering systems provided for by the design assignment.
4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of collective reception antennas and racks of wire broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.
4.8 Paragraphs 1 and 2 do not apply from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
The cabin of one of the elevators should be 2,100 mm deep or wide (depending on the layout) to accommodate a person on a sanitary stretcher.
The width of the car doors of one of the elevators must ensure the passage of a wheelchair.
It is recommended to provide elevators for the superstructure of existing 5-storey residential buildings. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop on the built-up floor.
In residential buildings in which, on floors above the first, it is planned to accommodate apartments for families with disabled people using wheelchairs for movement, as well as in specialized residential buildings for the elderly and for families with disabled people, passenger elevators or lifting platforms should be provided in accordance with the requirements SP 59.13330, GOST R 51630, GOST R 51631 and GOST R 53296.
4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of an elevator for transporting a patient on an ambulance stretcher and be at least, m:
1, 5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;
2, 1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.
With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall must be at least, m:
1, 8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;
2, 5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.
4.10 In the basement, basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and largest cities * (2) on the third floor), it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.
It is not allowed to post:
specialized stores of mosquito-chemical and other goods, the operation of which can lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings; premises, including stores with storage of liquefied gases, flammable and combustible liquids, explosives that can explode and burn when interacting with water, air oxygen or with each other, goods in aerosol packaging, pyrotechnic products;
shops selling synthetic carpets, auto parts, tires and car oils;
specialized fish shops; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale (or small-scale wholesale) trade, except for warehouse premises that are part of public institutions that have emergency exits isolated from the escape routes of the residential part of the building (this rule does not apply to built-in parking lots);
consumer services enterprises that use flammable substances (except for hairdressing salons and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m 2); baths;
catering and leisure enterprises with more than 50 seats, with a total area of more than 250 m 2; all enterprises operating with musical accompaniment, including discos, dance studios, theaters, and casinos;
laundries and dry cleaners (except for reception centers and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of over 100 m 2; public toilets, institutions and funeral shops; built-in and attached transformer substations;
industrial premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including: points for issuing work to home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, substations of ambulance and emergency medical care; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric doctor's offices; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;
X-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation exceeding the permissible level established by sanitary and epidemiological rules, veterinary clinics and offices.
Stores selling synthetic carpets are allowed to be attached to blind areas of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.
4.11 It is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and liquefied gases, explosives in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings; premises for the stay of children; cinemas, conference rooms and other halls with more than 50 seats, saunas, as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, the restrictions established in 4.10 of this document and in Appendix D of SNiP 31-06 should also be taken into account.
4.12 Loading of public premises from the side of the courtyard of the residential building, where the windows of the living rooms of the apartments and the entrances to the residential part of the building are located, in order to protect residents from noise and exhaust gases is not allowed.
Loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be performed: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels; from the side of highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public premises up to 150 m 2.
5 Requirements for apartments and their elements
5.5 The placement of apartments and living rooms in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
5.8 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living rooms and a kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - at least 2.5 m ...
The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front halls, mezzanines (and under them) is determined by the safety conditions for the movement of people and should be at least 2.1 m.
In living rooms and kitchens of apartments located in the attic floor (or upper floors with inclined enclosing structures), a lower ceiling height is allowed relative to the standardized one for an area not exceeding 50%.
6 Bearing capacity and permissible deformability of structures
6.2 The structures and foundations of the building must be designed to withstand constant loads from the dead weight of the supporting and enclosing structures; temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors; snow and wind loads for a given construction area. The standard values of the listed loads, taking into account the unfavorable combinations of loads or the corresponding forces, the limiting values of deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values of the safety factors for loads should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 20.13330.
When calculating the structures and foundations of buildings, the additional requirements of the customer-developer specified in the design assignment must also be taken into account, for example, for the placement of fireplaces, heavy equipment for public premises built into a residential building; for fastening heavy elements of interior equipment to walls and ceilings.
6.5 When calculating a building with a height of more than 40 m for a wind load, in addition to the strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions on the parameters of oscillations of the floors of the upper floors, due to the requirements for living comfort, must be provided.
6.6 In the event that additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of a residential building arise during the reconstruction, its supporting and enclosing structures, as well as the basement soils, must be checked for these loads and effects in accordance with the current documents, regardless of the physical deterioration of the structures.
In this case, one should take into account the actual bearing capacity of the base soils as a result of their changes during the period of operation, as well as the increase in the strength of concrete in concrete and reinforced concrete structures over time.
6.7 When reconstructing a residential building, it is necessary to take into account changes in its structural scheme that occur during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings, additional to the original design solution, as well as the impact of the repair of structures or their reinforcement).
6.8 When reconstructing residential buildings with a change in the location of sanitary facilities, appropriate additional measures should be taken for hydro, noise and vibration insulation, as well as, if necessary, reinforcement of the floors on which the installation of equipment for these sanitary facilities is provided.
7 Fire safety
7.1 Preventing the spread of fire
7.1.2 The permissible height of the building and the floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard according to Table 7.1.
Table 7.1
Fire resistance of the building |
Building constructive fire hazard class |
The highest permissible building height, m |
The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m2 |
Not standardized | |||
Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated annexes should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building. |
7.1.4 The structures of the galleries in the gallery houses must comply with the requirements adopted for the floors of these buildings.
7.1.5 In buildings of I, II degrees of fire resistance, to ensure the required fire resistance of the load-bearing elements of the building, only structural fire protection should be used.
7.1.6 Load-bearing elements of two-storey buildings of IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance limit of at least R 30.
7.1.7 Intersectional, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating the non-apartment corridors, halls and vestibules from other premises, must comply with the requirements set out in Table 7.1a.
Intersectional and inter-apartment walls and partitions must be deaf and comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements.
7.1.8 The limit of fire resistance of interior partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of interior wardrobes, collapsible and sliding partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of other interior partitions, including those with doors, must comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements.
Table 7.1a
Fencing structure |
The minimum limit of fire resistance and the permissible class of fire hazard of the structure for the building of the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard |
||
I-III, C0 and C1 | |||
Intersectional wall | |||
Intersectional partition | |||
Interroom wall | |||
Partition between apartments | |||
The wall separating the corridors outside the apartment from other premises | |||
Partition separating the non-apartment corridors from other rooms | |||
_____________________________ * For buildings of class C1, K1 is allowed. ** For buildings of class C2, K2 is allowed. |
7.1.9 Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings of the II degree of fire resistance with a height of up to 5 floors inclusive, as well as in buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance, are allowed to be designed with non-standardized fire resistance and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor (including the technical corridor for laying communications) of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be type 1 fire protection.
7.1.10 Technical, basement, basement floors and attics should be divided by type 1 fire partitions into compartments with an area of not more than 500 m 2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - into sections.
7.1.11 Fences of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more, as well as external sun protection in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with a height of 5 floors or more must be made of non-combustible materials NG.
7.1.12 Public premises built into residential buildings should be separated from the residential premises by solid fire walls, partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance limit of at least REI 45, or EI 45, respectively, and in buildings of the 1st degree of fire resistance - with type 2 ceilings.
7.1.13 The waste collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and be distinguished by fire partitions and ceilings with fire resistance limits of at least REI 60 and fire hazard class K0.
7.1.14 The roof, rafters and lathing of attic coverings may be made of combustible materials. In buildings with attics (with the exception of buildings of the V degree of fire resistance), when constructing rafters and lathing made of combustible materials, roofs made of combustible materials are not allowed, and rafters and lathing should be subjected to fire retardant treatment. With the constructive protection of these structures, they should not contribute to the latent propagation of combustion.
7.1.15 The paragraph does not apply from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
If there are windows in a residential building that are oriented towards the built-in and attached part of the building, the level of the roof at the junctions should not exceed the floor level above the residential premises of the main part of the building.
7.1.16 Not applicable from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
7.2 Provision of evacuation
7.2.1 The greatest distances from the doors of apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken according to table 7.2.
Table 7.2
In a section of a residential building, when leaving apartments in a corridor (hall) that does not have a window opening at the end, the distance from the door of the most distant apartment to the exit directly to the staircase or exit to the vestibule or elevator walk-through hall leading to the air zone of the smoke-free staircase, should not exceed 12 m, if there is a window opening or smoke exhaust in the corridor (hall), this distance can be taken according to table 7.2 as for a dead-end corridor.
7.2.2 The width of the corridor should be at least, m: with its length between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the stairs up to 40 m - 1, 4, over 40 m - 1, 6, the width of the gallery - at least 1, 2 m. to be separated by partitions with doors of fire resistance El 30, equipped with shutters and located at a distance of no more than 30 m from one another and from the ends of the corridor.
7.2.3 It is allowed to provide glazed doors in staircases and lift halls, with reinforced glass. Other types of impact-resistant glazing may be used.
7.2.4 The number of emergency exits from the floor and the type of staircases should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 1.13130.
7.2.5 In residential buildings with a height of less than 28 m, designed for placement in climatic region IV and climatic subregion IIIB, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible materials instead of staircases.
7.2.6 In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type, with a total area of apartments on the floor of up to 500 m the ends of the corridors (galleries) provide exits to external stairs of the 3rd type, leading to the floor level of the second floor. When placing the specified staircases at the end of the building, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).
7.2.7 When the superstructure of existing buildings up to 28 m high with one floor, it is allowed to preserve the existing staircase of type L1, provided that the superstructure is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 1.13130.
7.2.8 If the total area of apartments on the floor is more than 500 m 2, evacuation must be carried out in at least two staircases (normal or smoke-free).
In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the floor from 500 to 550 m 2, one escape exit from the apartments is allowed:
if the height of the upper floor is not more than 28 m - into an ordinary staircase, provided that the front ones in the apartments are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors;
if the height of the upper floor is more than 28 m - in one smoke-free staircase, provided that all premises of the apartments (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers and laundry rooms) are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors or automatic fire extinguishing.
7.2.9 For a multi-level apartment, it is allowed not to provide an exit to the staircase from each floor, provided that the premises of the apartment are not higher than 18 m and the floor of the apartment, which does not have a direct exit to the staircase, is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Requirements fire safety. The inside staircase is allowed to be made of wood.
7.2.10 The passage to the outer air zone of the staircase of type H1 is allowed through the elevator hall, while the arrangement of elevator shafts and doors in them must be performed in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 4.13130.
7.2.11 In buildings with a height of up to 50 m with a total area of apartments on the section floor of up to 500 m 2, it is allowed to provide an emergency exit to the staircase of type H2 or H3 when installing one of the elevators in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments and meets the requirements of GOST R 53296. In this case, the exit to the staircase H2 should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the staircase, elevator shafts, vestibules and lobbies should be type 2 fire-prevention doors.
7.2.12 In sectional houses with a height of more than 28 m, the exit outside from smoke-free staircases (type H1) may be arranged through the lobby (in the absence of exits to it from the parking lot and public premises), separated from the adjoining corridors by type 1 fire partitions with fire protection doors of the 2nd type. In this case, the communication of the staircase of the H1 type with the vestibule must be arranged through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the first floor with a metal grating. On the way from the apartment to the staircase H1, there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.
7.2.13 In a building with a height of three floors and more, exits from the basement, basement floors and technical underground should be located at least 100 m apart and should not be connected to the stairwells of the residential part of the building.
Exits from basements and basement floors may be arranged through the staircase of the residential part, taking into account the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 1.13130. Exits from technical floors should be provided in accordance with SP 1.13130.
Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building may be carried out through common staircases, and in buildings with H1 staircases - through the air zone.
7.2.14 When arranging emergency exits from the attic floors to the roof, it is necessary to provide platforms and walkways with a fence in accordance with GOST 25772, leading to the stairs of the third type and stairs P2.
7.2.15 Public premises should have entrances and emergency exits, isolated from the residential part of the building.
When located on the upper floor of the workshops of artists and architects, as well as office premises, it is allowed to accept staircases of the residential part of the building as emergency exits, while the communication of the floor with the staircase should be provided through a vestibule with fire doors. The door in the vestibule, overlooking the staircase, should be provided with opening only from the inside of the room.
It is allowed to arrange one evacuation exit from the premises of public institutions located on the first and basement floors with a total area of no more than 300 m 2 and the number of employees no more than 15 people.
7.3 Fire safety requirements for engineering systems and building equipment
7.3.6 Gas supply systems for residential buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 62.13330.
7.3.7 Heating systems for residential buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.
7.3.8 Heat generators, cooking and heating furnaces operating on solid fuels may be provided in residential buildings up to two floors inclusive (excluding the basement).
7.3.9 Heat generators, including stoves and fireplaces for solid fuels, hobs and chimneys must be carried out with the implementation of constructive measures in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.
7.3.10 The waste collection chamber should be protected throughout the entire area with sprinkler sprinklers. The section of the sprinkler distribution pipeline must be circular, connected to the building's drinking water supply network and have thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials. The cell door must be insulated.
7.3.11 Not applicable from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
7.3.12 Not applicable from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
7.3.13 Not applicable from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
7.4 Providing fire extinguishing and rescue operations
7.4.2 In each compartment (section) of the basement or basement floor, separated by fire barriers, at least two windows with dimensions of at least 0.9 x 1.2 m with pits should be provided. The area of the skylight of these windows must be taken by calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the floor area of these rooms. The dimensions of the pit should allow the supply of a fire extinguishing agent from the foam generator and the removal of smoke using a smoke exhauster (the distance from the building wall to the boundary of the pit should be at least 0.7 m).
7.4.3 In the transverse walls of basements and technical subfields of large-panel buildings, openings with a height of 1.6 m in the clear are allowed. In this case, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.3 m.
7.4.5 On the utility-drinking water supply network in each apartment, a separate tap with a diameter of at least 15 mm should be provided for connecting a hose equipped with a sprayer, for use as a primary device for in-house fire extinguishing to eliminate the source of fire. The length of the hose should provide the ability to supply water to any point in the apartment.
7.4.6 In residential buildings (in sectional buildings - in each section) with a height of more than 50 m, one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments and comply with the requirements of GOST R 53296.
8 Safety in use
8.2 The slope and width of staircases and ramps, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the stairways, the basement, the operated attic, as well as the dimensions of the doorways should ensure the convenience and safety of movement and the ability to move equipment items of the corresponding premises of the apartments and built-in in the building of public premises. The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken in accordance with Table 8.1.
Table 8.1
The height of the differences in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. Where necessary, handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of lifts in one flight of stairs or at a difference in levels must be at least 3 and no more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In multi-level apartments, intra-apartment staircases are allowed spiral or with run-in steps, while the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 18 cm.
8.3 The height of fences for external staircases and landings, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops should be at least 1.2 m. Staircases and platforms for internal stairs should have fences with handrails at least 0.9 m high.
The fences must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to withstand horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN / m.
8.4 Constructive solutions for the elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, the arrangement of ventilation openings, the placement of thermal insulation, etc.) must provide for protection against rodent penetration.
8.5 Engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the regulatory documents of the state supervision authorities and the instructions of the instructions of the equipment manufacturers.
8.6 Engineering equipment and instruments in case of possible seismic effects should be securely fixed.
8.7 In apartments on the upper floor or at any level of a multi-level apartment located last in height in residential buildings of I-III degrees of fire resistance of class CO, C1, it is allowed to install solid fuel fireplaces with autonomous chimneys in accordance with the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements, SP 60.13330, SP 7.13130.
8.11 On the operated roofs of residential buildings, the safety of their use should be ensured by installing appropriate fences, protection of ventilation outlets and other engineering devices located on the roof, as well as, if necessary, noise protection of the downstream premises.
On the operated roofs of built-in and attached public premises, as well as at the entrance area, on summer non-apartment premises, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (first and intermediate) used for the construction of sports grounds for recreation of adult residents of the house , areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium, the necessary safety measures should be provided (arrangement of fences and measures to protect ventilation outlets).
8.12 The switchboard room, premises for head-end stations (HS), technical centers (TC) of cable television, sound transformer substations (ZTP), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, toilets, etc. .).
8.13 The premises of the HS, shopping center, ZTP should have entrances directly from the street; the electrical control room (including for communication equipment, automated control systems, dispatching and television) must have an entrance directly from the street or from a floor-by-floor corridor (hall); to the place of installation of SRT, the approach must also be from the specified corridor.
9 Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements
9.2 The design parameters of the air in the premises of a residential building should be taken according to SP 60.13330 and taking into account the optimal standards of GOST 30494. The air exchange rate in the premises in the service mode should be taken in accordance with Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
Premises |
Air exchange rate |
Bedroom, common, children's room with a total area of the apartment for one person less than 20 m 2 |
3 m 3 / h for 1 m 2 of living space |
The same, with the total area of the apartment for one person more than 20 m 2 |
30 m 3 / h for one person, but not less than 0.35 h 1 |
Pantry, linen, dressing room | |
Kitchen with electric stove | |
Room with gas-using equipment | |
A room with heat generators with a total heating capacity of up to 50 kW: | |
with an open combustion chamber | |
with a closed combustion chamber |
1.0 m 3 / h ** |
Bathroom, shower, toilet, combined bathroom | |
Elevator engine room |
By calculation |
Waste collection chamber | |
_____________________________ * Air exchange rate should be determined by the total volume of the apartment. ** When installing a gas stove, air exchange should be increased by 100 m 3 / h Note - The air exchange rate in rooms for other purposes should be assigned according to SNiP 31-06 and SP 60.13330. |
9.3 When calculating the thermal engineering of the enclosing structures of residential buildings, the internal air temperature of the heated premises should be at least 20 ° С, relative humidity - 50%.
9.4 The heating and ventilation system of the building must be designed to ensure the indoor air temperature during the heating period within the optimal parameters established by GOST 30494, with the design parameters of the outdoor air for the corresponding construction areas.
When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must be ensured even in the warm season.
In buildings erected in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature of minus 40 ° C and below, heating of the surface of the floors of living rooms and kitchens, as well as public premises with the constant presence of people located above cold undergrounds, should be provided, or thermal protection should be provided in accordance with requirements of SP 50.13330.
9.6 In living rooms and kitchens, the air flow is provided through adjustable window sashes, transoms, vents, valves or other devices, including autonomous wall air dampers with adjustable opening. Apartments designed for climatic regions III and IV must be provided with horizontal through or corner ventilation within the apartment area, as well as vertical ventilation through shafts in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.
9.7 Air removal should be provided from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms and, if necessary, from other rooms of apartments, and it should be provided for the installation of adjustable ventilation grilles and valves on the exhaust ducts and air ducts.
Air from rooms in which harmful substances or unpleasant odors can be emitted must be removed directly outside and not enter other rooms of the building, including through ventilation ducts.
Combining ventilation ducts from kitchens, toilets, bathrooms (showers), combined lavatories, food storage rooms with ventilation ducts from rooms with gas-powered equipment and parking lots is not allowed.
9.10 In the outer walls of basements, technical underground floors and a cold attic that do not have exhaust ventilation, air vents with a total area of at least 1/400 of the floor area of the technical underground or basement should be provided, evenly spaced along the perimeter of the outer walls. The area of one vent must be at least 0.05 m 2.
9.11 The duration of insolation of apartments (premises) of a residential building should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076 and SanPiN 2.1.2.2645.
The standardized duration of insolation must be ensured: in one-, two- and three-room apartments - in at least one living room; in four-room apartments and more - in at least two living rooms.
9.12 Natural lighting should have living rooms and kitchens (except for kitchens-niches), public premises built into residential buildings, except for premises, the placement of which is allowed in basement floors according to SNiP 31-06.
9.16 When illuminated through light openings in the outer walls of common corridors, their length should not exceed: if there is a light opening at one end - 24 m, at two ends - 48 m.With a longer length of corridors, it is necessary to provide additional natural lighting through light pockets. The distance between two light pockets should be no more than 24 m, and between the light pocket and the light opening at the end of the corridor - no more than 30 m. The width of the light pocket, which can serve as a staircase, should be at least 1.5 m. a pocket is allowed to illuminate corridors up to 12 m long, located on both sides of it.
9.18 The external enclosing structures of the building must have thermal insulation, insulation from the penetration of external cold air and vapor barrier from the diffusion of water vapor from the premises, ensuring:
the required temperature and the absence of moisture condensation on the internal surfaces of structures inside the premises;
preventing the accumulation of excess moisture in structures.
The temperature difference between the internal air and the surface of the external wall structures at the design temperature of the internal air must comply with the requirements of SP 50.13330.
9.19 In climatic regions I - III, at all external entrances to residential buildings (except for entrances from the external air zone to the smoke-free staircase), vestibules with a depth of at least 1.5 m should be provided.
Double vestibules at the entrances to residential buildings (except for entrances from the external air zone to the smoke-free staircase) should be designed depending on the number of storeys of buildings and the area of their construction in accordance with Table 9.2.
Table 9.2
9.20 The premises of the building must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt and ground water and possible domestic water leaks from engineering systems by constructive means and technical devices.
9.22 It is not allowed to place a restroom and a bath (or shower) directly above living rooms and kitchens. Placement of a toilet and a bath (or shower) on the upper level above the kitchen is allowed in apartments located on two levels.
9.23 During the construction of buildings in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures should be taken to isolate floors and basement walls in contact with the ground in order to prevent the penetration of soil gas from the ground into the building , and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of the relevant sanitary standards.
9.24а When placing residential buildings in an area with an increased level of traffic noise, noise reduction in residential buildings should be carried out by using: a special noise-proof layout and (or) structural and technical means of noise protection, including: external enclosing structures and fillings of window openings with increased soundproofing properties.
9.25 Noise levels from engineering equipment and other indoor noise sources should not exceed the established permissible levels and not more than 2 dBA exceed the background values determined when the indoor noise source is not in operation, both during the day and at night.
9.26 To ensure the permissible noise level, it is not allowed to fix sanitary devices and pipelines directly to the inter-apartment walls and partitions that enclose living rooms; them, as well as adjacent to them.
9.26a When arranging bathrooms in bedrooms, it is recommended, according to a design assignment, to separate them from each other by built-in wardrobes between them in order to protect them from noise.
9.27 The supply of drinking water to the house should be provided from the centralized water supply network of the settlement. In areas without centralized engineering networks for one-, two-story buildings, it is allowed to provide individual and collective water supply sources from underground aquifers or from reservoirs at the rate of a daily consumption of household drinking water of at least 60 liters per person. In areas with limited water resources, the estimated daily water consumption may be reduced in agreement with the territorial bodies of Rospotrebnadzor.
9.28 For wastewater disposal, a sewerage system should be provided - centralized or local in accordance with the rules established in SP 30.13330.
Wastewater should be disposed of without contamination of the territory and aquifers.
9.31 Residential floors (except for blocked buildings) and floors with premises for kindergartens and health-care institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor or a floor with non-residential premises to protect against the ingress of exhaust gases and excess noise levels.
9.32 In multi-apartment residential buildings on the first, basement or basement floors, a storage room for cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink, should be provided.
10 Durability and maintainability
10.6 It should be possible to access equipment, fittings and instruments of engineering systems of the building and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
Equipment and pipelines must be fixed to the building structures of the building in such a way that their performance is not impaired by possible movements of the structures.
11 Energy saving
11.3 When assessing the energy efficiency of a building based on the thermal performance of its building structures and engineering systems, the requirements of this set of rules are considered fulfilled under the following conditions:
1) the reduced resistance to heat transfer and air permeability of the enclosing structures is not lower than those required by SP 50.13330;
2) heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water supply systems have automatic or manual control;
3) the engineering systems of the building are equipped with metering devices for heat energy, cold and hot water, electricity and gas with centralized supply.
11.4 When assessing the energy efficiency of a building according to the integrated indicator of the specific energy consumption for its heating and ventilation, the requirements of this set of rules are considered fulfilled if the calculated value of the specific energy consumption for maintaining the normalized parameters of the microclimate and air quality in the building does not exceed the maximum permissible standard value. In this case, the third condition 11.3 must be fulfilled.
______________________________
* (1) The height of the building is determined by the difference between the elevations of the passage surface for fire engines and the lower border of the opening (window) in the outer wall of the upper floor, including the attic. In this case, the upper technical floor is not taken into account.
* (2) Classification of cities - according to SP 42.13330.
* (3) The time of the limitation of functioning may be specified by the local self-government bodies.
* (4) According to Article 19 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
Appendix A
(required)
Regulations
Appendix B
(reference)
Terms and Definitions
Appendix B
(required)
Rules for determining the area of a building and its premises, building area, number of storeys and construction volume
Appendix D
(required)
Minimum number of passenger lifts
Bibliography
Approved. By order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation of December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
Code of rules SP 54.13330.2016
"RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS"
Updated edition of SNiP 31-01-2003
Multicompartment residential buildings
Introduction
This set of rules has been updated in order to increase the level of safety of people and the safety of material assets in accordance with federal laws and, to comply with the requirements of the Federal Law, to increase the level of harmonization with the requirements of international regulatory documents, to apply uniform methods for determining operational characteristics and methods for assessing and taking into account sanitary and epidemiological requirements. to living conditions in residential multi-apartment buildings.
The set of rules was made by the team of authors: JSC "TsNIIEP Housing - Institute for Integrated Design of Residential and Public Buildings" (Cand. Architect. Prof. AA Magai, Cand. Architect. AR Kryukov (responsible person), Cand. architect, associate professor N.V. Dubynin, architect S.A.Kunitsyn, engineer Yu.L. Kashulina, engineer M.A.Zherebina); JSC TSNIIPromzdaniy (Candidate of Engineering Science T.E. Storozhenko); OJSC "Academy of Public Utilities named after KD Pamfilov" (Lead Scientific Researcher VN Suvorov); OJSC "Center for methodology of regulation and standardization in construction" (A.I. Tarada), LLC "Verkhne-Volzhsky Institute of Construction Expertise and Consulting" (M.V. Andreev).
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules applies to the design and construction of newly built and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings with a height * of up to 75 m, including apartment-type dormitories, as well as residential premises that are part of the premises of buildings of other functional purposes.
1.2 The set of rules does not apply to: blocked residential buildings designed in accordance with the requirements of SP 55.13330, in which the premises belonging to different apartments are not located one above the other, and only the walls between adjacent blocks are common; mobile residential buildings; living quarters of the maneuverable fund specified in Art.
1.3 During the construction process and during the operation of multi-apartment residential buildings, it is not allowed to deviate from the parameters established in this set of rules.
2 Normative references
This set of rules uses normative references to the following documents:
GOST 27751-2014 Reliability of building structures and foundations. Basic Provisions
GOST 30494-2011 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters
GOST 31937-2011 Buildings and structures. Rules for inspection and monitoring of technical condition
GOST 33125-2014 Sun protection devices. Technical conditions
GOST R 22.1.12-2005 Safety in emergency situations. A structured system for monitoring and managing engineering systems of buildings and structures. General requirements
GOST R 53780-2010 (EN 81-1: 1998, EN 81-2: 1999) Elevators. General safety requirements for device and installation
GOST R 56420.2-2015 (ISO 25745-2: 2015) Passenger elevators, escalators and conveyors. Energy characteristics. Part 2. Calculation of energy consumption and classification of energy efficiency of elevators
GOST R 56420.3-2015 (ISO 25745-3: 2015) Passenger elevators, escalators and conveyors. Energy characteristics. Part 3. Calculation of energy consumption and energy efficiency classification of escalators and passenger conveyors
SP 1.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits (with change N 1)
SP 2.13130.2012 Fire protection systems. Ensuring fire resistance of objects of protection
SP 3.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. A warning and evacuation control system in case of fire. Fire safety requirements
SP 4.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at the objects of protection. Requirements for space-planning and structural solutions
SP 5.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design (with amendment No. 1)
SP 6.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Electrical equipment. Fire safety requirements
SP 7.13130.2013 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements
SP 8.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Sources of outdoor fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements (with amendment No. 1)
SP 10.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Internal fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements (with amendment No. 1)
SP 12.13130.2009 Determination of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations for explosion and fire hazard (with amendment No. 1)
SP 14.13330.2014 "SNiP II-7-81 * Construction in seismic regions" (with amendment No. 1)
SP 16.13330.2011 "SNiP II-23-81 * Steel structures" (with amendment No. 1)
SP 17.13330.2011 "SNiP II-26-76 Roofs"
SP 20.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.01.07-85 * Loads and impacts"
SP 21.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.01.09-91 Buildings and structures in undermined areas and subsiding soils"
SP 22.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.02.01-83 * Foundations of buildings and structures"
SP 24.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.02.03-85 Pile foundations"
SP 25.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.02.04-88 Bases and foundations on permafrost"
SP 28.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.03.11-85 Protection of building structures from corrosion" (with amendment No. 1)
SP 30.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.04.01-85 * Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings"
SP 31.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.04.02-84 * Water supply. External networks and structures" (as amended by N 1)
SP 42.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements"
SP 50.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings"
SP 51.13330.2011 SNiP 23-03-2003 Noise protection
SP 52.13330.2011 "SNiP 23-05-95 * Natural and artificial lighting"
SP 55.13330.2011 "SNiP 31-02-2001 Single-family residential houses"
SP 59.13330.2012 "SNiP 35-01-2001 Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility" (with amendment No. 1)
SP 60.13330.2012 SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
SP 62.13330.2011 "SNiP 42-01-2002 Gas distribution systems" (with amendment No. 1)
SP 63.13330.2012 "SNiP 52-01-2003 Concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Basic provisions" (as amended by N 1, N 2)
SP 70.13330.2012 "SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures"
SP 88.13330.2014 "SNiP II-11-77 * Civil defense structures"
SP 113.13330.2012 SNiP 21-02-99 * Parking lots
SP 116.13330.2012 "SNiP 22-02-2003 Engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures from hazardous geological processes. Basic provisions"
SP 118.13330.2012 "SNiP 31-06-2009 Public buildings and structures" (as amended by N 1)
SP 131.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-01-99 * Construction climatology" (with amendment No. 2)
SP 132.13330.2011 Providing anti-terrorist security of buildings and structures. General design requirements
SP 154.13130.2013 Built-in underground parking. Fire safety requirements
SP 160.1325800.2014 Multifunctional buildings and complexes. Design rules
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises
SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations carrying out medical activities
SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076-01 Hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings and territories
SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other facilities
SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings
SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.2585-10 Changes and additions N 1 to sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 "Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial combined lighting of residential and public buildings"
SanPiN 2.3.6.1079-01 Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Public Catering Organizations, Manufacturing and Circulation of Food Products and Food Raw Materials in them
SanPiN 2.4.1.3147-13 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for preschool groups located in residential premises of the housing stock
SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 Sanitary Rules for the Maintenance of Territories of Populated Areas
SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 Noise at workplaces, in premises of residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential buildings
SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.566-96 Industrial vibration, vibration in residential and public buildings
SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.583-96 Infrasound at workplaces, in residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential buildings
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference documents in the public information system - on the official website of the federal executive body in the field of standardization on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year , and on the issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the referenced document to which the undated link is given is replaced, it is recommended that the current version of this document be used, taking into account all changes made to this version. If the referenced document to which the dated reference is given is replaced, then it is recommended to use the version of this document with the above year of approval (acceptance). If, after the approval of this set of rules, a change is made to the referenced document to which the dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is made, then this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the link to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this link. It is advisable to check the information on the validity of the sets of rules in the Federal Information Fund of Standards.
3 Terms and definitions
In this Code of Practice, the following terms are used with appropriate definitions:
3.1 mezzanine: A platform delimiting the height of a room at different levels, having an area size of not more than 40% of the area of the room in which it is being built.
3.2 balcony: A fenced area protruding from the plane of the facade wall, can be made with coating and glazing, has a limited depth, interconnected with the lighting of the room to which it adjoins.
3.3 veranda: A glazed unheated room attached to a building, built into it or built-in-attached, without depth restrictions, can be arranged on the ceiling of the lower floor.
3.4 multi-apartment building: A residential building in which apartments have common non-apartment premises and engineering systems.
3.5 multi-apartment gallery-type building: A multi-apartment building in which all apartments on each floor have entrances through a common gallery to at least two staircases and (or) staircase-elevators.
3.6 multi-apartment corridor-type building: An apartment building in which apartments on each floor have exits through a common corridor to at least two staircases and (or) staircase and elevator nodes.
3.7 multi-apartment sectional building: An apartment building consisting of one or more sections separated from each other by walls without openings; apartments of one section must have access to one staircase directly or through a corridor.
3.9 staircase cage: A common area with the placement of landings and flights of stairs.
3.10 number of floors of the building: The number of all floors of the building, aboveground, underground, mansard, technical attics, with the exception of premises and interfloor spaces with a room height of less than 1, 8 m and underground premises.
Note - Roof boiler rooms, elevator engine rooms, ventilation chambers located on the roof are not included in the number of floors.
3.12 kitchen: An auxiliary room or part of it, with a dining area for family members to eat, as well as with the placement of kitchen equipment for cooking, washing, storing dishes and utensils, possibly for temporary storage of food and collection of municipal waste.
3.13 niche kitchen: A kitchen without a dining area, located in a part of the living or auxiliary premises and equipped with an electric stove and supply and exhaust ventilation with mechanical or natural induction.
3.14 kitchen-dining room: A room with a cooking area and a dining area for a one-time meal by all family members.
3.15 loggia: A room built into a building or attached to it, having walls on three sides (or on two with an angular arrangement) for the entire height of the floor and a fence on the open side, can be made with a coating and glazing, has a limited depth, interconnected with lighting the premises to which it is adjacent.
3.16 intra-apartment equipment: Engineering and technical equipment that has individual inputs and connections to intra-building engineering systems and individual metering and regulation devices for energy consumption when residents of an apartment consume utilities, located in an auxiliary sanitary and technical room and the enclosing structures of the apartment.
3.17 mark of the ground level planning: Geodetic mark of the level of the surface of the earth at the border with the blind area of the building.
3.18 building underground: A room intended for the placement of pipelines of engineering systems, located between the overlap of the first or basement floor and the ground surface.
3.19 ventilated underground: An open space under a building between the ground surface and the lower floor of the first aboveground floor.
3.21 auxiliary room: A room for providing communication, sanitary, technical and household needs, including: a kitchen or a kitchen-niche, a front room, a bathroom or a shower, a restroom or a combined bathroom, a pantry or a built-in utility closet, a laundry room, a heat generator room etc.
3.22 common premises: Non-residential premises for communication services of more than one residential and (or) non-residential premises, can be located horizontally across floors (corridor, gallery), vertically between floors (staircase, staircase and elevator node).
3.23 public premises: A premise intended for the implementation of activities in it for the maintenance of residents of the building, residents of an adjacent residential area or for public and business activities, with a mode of operation that does not have harmful effects on living conditions in a residential building, having a separate entrance (entrances) from the adjacent territory and (or) from a residential building, as well as other premises permitted for placement in residential buildings by the Rospotrebnadzor authorities.
3.24 technical room: Non-residential premises intended for maintenance of intra-building engineering systems, with limited access permitted to specialists of maintenance services and specialists of security and rescue services in emergency cases.
3.25 engineering intra-building systems: Engineering communications inputs for the supply of utility resources and energy, as well as engineering equipment for transformation and (or) production and supply of resources and energy capacities to intra-apartment equipment, for the production of utilities to ensure the operation of vertical transport (elevators, etc.). ) and garbage disposal.
3.26 vestibule: Auxiliary room between doors for protection from environmental influences.
3.27 terrace: A fenced open (without glazing) area attached to the building, built into it or built-in-attached, not having a depth limit, can have a cover and be arranged on the roof of the lower floor.
3.28 staircase-elevator node: The room of the staircase with the technical room of the elevator shaft (elevators), it is allowed with the placement of: an elevator hall (halls), a safe area for disabled people, a garbage chute.
3.29 near-apartment plot: A land plot adjacent to an apartment building with direct access to it.
3.30 attic of a building: A room located in the space between the ceiling of the upper floor, the covering of the building (roof) and the outer walls located above the ceiling of the upper floor.
3.31 floor of a building: The space with rooms between the elevations of the top of the floor (or floor on the ground) and the top of the overhead floor (roof covering).
3.32 first floor: The lower above-ground floor, not lower than the planning level of the earth, accessible for entry from the adjacent territory.
3.33 basement floor: A floor with an elevation of the floor surface below the planning elevation of the earth by more than half the height of the room.
3.34 underground floor: A floor with a floor elevation of the premises below the planning elevation of the earth for the entire height of the premises.
3.35 technical floor: A floor functionally intended for the placement and maintenance of in-house engineering systems; can be located in the lower part of the building (technical underground) or in the upper part (technical attic), or between the above-ground floors.
3.36 basement floor: A floor with an elevation of the floor surface below the planning elevation of the ground by no more than half the height of the room.
4 General
4.1 Construction and reconstruction of buildings should be carried out according to working documentation on the basis of approved design documentation. The composition of the design documentation must comply.
The building may include built-in, built-in-attached, attached common areas, public facilities and parking lots, the placement, production technology and operating mode of which meet the safety requirements for residents during the operation of an apartment building and adjacent areas in development in accordance with,. Accommodation in residential buildings of industrial production is not allowed ().
The rules for determining the area of a building and its premises, building area, number of storeys, number of floors and construction volume during design are given in Appendix A.
4.2 The location of a residential building, the distance from it to other buildings and structures, the size of land plots at the building are established in accordance with the requirements, as well as SP 42.13330, with the provision of sanitary protection zones in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200.
4.2.1 The number of storeys and lengths of buildings are determined by the planning project. When determining the number of storeys and the length of residential buildings in seismic areas, the requirements of SP 14.13330 and SP 42.13330 should be met.
4.2.2 Sanitary requirements for living conditions should be ensured in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, requirements for compliance with indoor microclimate parameters - in accordance with GOST 30494, taking into account the characteristics of climatic areas of construction in accordance with SP 131.13330.
4.2.3 It is necessary to provide natural lighting and insolation of premises in accordance with SP 52.13330, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.2585 and SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.
4.2.4 When designing buildings with public premises, SP 118.13330 should be followed.
4.2.5 When designing residential buildings and premises as part of multifunctional complexes, SP 160.1325800 should be followed.
4.2.6 The parameters of the width and height of through openings for passages of fire trucks in multi-apartment buildings should be taken in accordance with SP 4.13130.
4.2.7 It is necessary to provide protection against noise in accordance with SP 51.13330 and SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562, against infrasound - in accordance with SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.583 and against vibration - in accordance with SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.566.
4.3 During the design and construction of a residential building, conditions for the life of people with limited mobility must be provided, the accessibility of the site, building and apartments for disabled people and the elderly using wheelchairs, disabled people with complete loss of vision and (or) hearing (hereinafter - MGN), if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is specified in the design assignment.
In residential buildings of state and municipal housing stock, the share of apartments for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments.
4.4 The project should include instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the building, which should contain data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: hidden schemes electrical wiring, the location of ventilation ducts, other elements of the building and its equipment, in relation to which construction activities should not be carried out by residents and tenants during operation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.
4.5 Residential buildings should provide for: utility and drinking and hot water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with SP 30.13330 and SP 31.13330, heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SP 60.13330.
Fire-fighting water supply, smoke protection should be provided in accordance with the requirements.
4.6 In residential buildings, electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephony, radio broadcasting (over-the-air or wired), television antennas and ringing alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning systems and evacuation control systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments, means of rescuing people, should be provided. fire protection systems in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations, as well as other engineering systems provided for by the design assignment.
4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of collective reception antennas and racks of wire broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.
4.8 Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor elevation of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor elevation of the first floor by 12 m.
The minimum number of passenger elevators, which must be equipped with residential buildings of various storeys, is given in Appendix B.
The cabin of one of the elevators should be 2,100 mm deep or wide (depending on the layout) to accommodate a person on a sanitary stretcher.
The width of the car doors of one of the elevators must ensure the passage of a wheelchair.
It is recommended to provide elevators for the superstructure of existing five-storey residential buildings. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop on the built-up floor.
In residential buildings in which, on floors above the first, it is planned to accommodate apartments for families with disabled people using wheelchairs for movement, as well as in specialized residential buildings for the elderly and families with disabled people, passenger elevators or lifting platforms should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the joint venture 59.13330.
4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of an elevator for transporting a patient on an ambulance stretcher and be, m, not less than:
1, 5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;
2, 1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.
With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall should be, m, not less:
1, 8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;
2, 5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.
4.10 In the basement, basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and largest cities ** - on the third floor), it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.
It is not allowed to post:
Specialized stores of household chemicals and other goods, the operation of which may lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings; premises, including stores with storage of liquefied gases, flammable and combustible liquids, explosives that can explode and burn when interacting with water, air oxygen or with each other, goods in aerosol packaging, pyrotechnic products;
Stores selling synthetic carpets, auto parts, tires and car oils.
Note - Stores selling synthetic carpets are allowed to be attached to blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150;
Specialized fish stores; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale or small-scale wholesale trade, as well as storage facilities at built-in parking lots, except for storage facilities that are part of public institutions located in built-in and built-in and attached premises;
All enterprises, as well as shops with a mode of operation after 23 h ***; consumer services enterprises that use flammable substances (except for hairdressing salons and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m); baths;
Food and leisure establishments with more than 50 seats, with a total area of more than 250 m; all enterprises operating with musical accompaniment, including discos, dance studios, theaters, as well as casinos;
Laundries and dry cleaners (except for reception centers and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of more than 100 m; public toilets, institutions and funeral shops; built-in and attached transformer substations;
Industrial premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including points for issuing work to home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, substations of ambulance and emergency medical care; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric doctor's offices; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;
X-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation exceeding the permissible level established by sanitary and epidemiological rules, veterinary clinics and offices.
4.11 It is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and liquefied gases, explosives in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings; premises for the stay of children; cinemas, conference rooms and other halls with more than 50 seats, saunas, as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, the restrictions established in 4.10 and SP 118.13330 should also be taken into account.
4.12 Loading of public premises from the side of the courtyard of the residential building, where the windows of the living rooms of the apartments and the entrances to the residential part of the building are located, in order to protect residents from noise and exhaust gases is not allowed.
The loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be carried out:
From the ends of residential buildings without windows;
From underground tunnels;
From the side of highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public premises up to 150 m 2.
4.13 On the upper floors of apartment buildings, it is allowed to place workshops for artists and architects, as well as public and administrative premises (offices, offices), while taking into account the requirements of 7.2.15.
It is allowed to place administrative premises in superstructure attic floors in buildings with a fire resistance level of at least II and a height of no more than 28 m.
4.14 It is allowed to place premises in apartments for the implementation of individual professional and (or) entrepreneurial activities in accordance with. As part of the apartments, it is allowed to provide rooms for a doctor's appointment and a massage room with working conditions that comply with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645 and SanPiN 2.1.3.2630.
The premises of preschool educational organizations for a group of no more than 10 children, according to SanPiN 2.4.1.3147, are allowed to be placed in apartment buildings with a fire resistance level of at least II in apartments with two-way orientation, located no higher than the second floor, provided that the apartments are provided with an emergency exit in accordance with SP 1.13130. At the same time, it should be possible to arrange playgrounds in the local area.
4.15 In multi-apartment buildings, with a separate entrance from the adjacent territory, it is allowed to place premises of outpatient polyclinic medical and preventive organizations with a capacity of no more than 100 visits per shift, including day hospitals, dental offices and feldsher-obstetric points in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.3.2630 , antenatal clinics, offices of general practitioners and private practitioners, medical and recreational, rehabilitation and recovery centers, as well as day hospitals with them in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.3.2630.
4.16 The ventilation system of premises of medical organizations and day hospitals located in residential buildings should be separate from the ventilation of residential premises in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645 and SanPiN 2.1.3.2630.
4.17 In multi-apartment buildings, when arranging in accordance with the assignment for the design of built-in, attached or built-in attached parking lots, the requirements of,, SP 113.13330.2012 (paragraphs 4.1 *, 4.18 *, 5.1.1 *), SP 1.13130, SP 2.13130, SP 3.13130, SP 4.13130, SP 5.13130, SP 6.13130, SP 7.13130, SP 8.13130, SP 10.13130, SP 12.13130, SP 154.13130, SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 (paragraphs 3.2-3.5), SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 (clause 7.1.12, table 7.1.1), as well as anti-terrorist protection requirements in accordance with SP 132.13330.
4.18 On the operated roofs of apartment buildings in accordance with SP 17.13330, as well as on the roofs of built-in and attached public premises, it is allowed to place sites (for recreation and sports, household needs) while ensuring user safety with the device of fences and access control. In this case, the distances from the windows of residential premises overlooking the roof to the indicated sites should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 42.13330 for ground sites of a similar purpose.
When installing an exploited roof in an apartment building (except for a blocked one), in order to protect against noise, a technical attic and (or) noise protection measures should be provided according to the design assignment.
5 Requirements for buildings and premises
5.1 Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions of their settlement by one family.
5.2 In multi-apartment buildings of the state housing stock, in accordance with the minimum areas of apartments for social use (excluding the areas of open rooms, cold storage rooms and near-apartment vestibules) and the number of their rooms are recommended to be taken in accordance with Table 5.1, and additional information is given in.
Table 5.1
Number of rooms | ||||||
Note - For specific regions and cities, the number of rooms and the area of apartments may be specified by agreement with local authorities, taking into account demographic requirements, the achieved level of housing provision for the population and resource provision of housing construction. |
In multi-apartment buildings of private housing stock, in accordance with and and of the housing stock for commercial use, the number of rooms and the area of apartments should be set in the design assignment, taking into account the specified minimum areas of apartments and the number of rooms.
5.3 In multi-apartment buildings of state and municipal housing stock, housing stock for social use, apartments should provide for common living rooms (living rooms) and bedrooms, as well as auxiliary rooms: kitchen (or kitchen-dining room, kitchen-niche), front (hallway), toilet , a bathroom and (or) a shower room, or a combined bathroom [toilet and bathroom (shower)], a pantry (or a built-in wardrobe).
The device of a combined bathroom is allowed in one-room apartments of houses of state housing stock, housing stock for social use, and in multi-room apartments of private and individual housing stock - according to a design assignment.
In apartments of private housing stock and housing stock for commercial use, the composition of the premises should be determined in the design assignment, taking into account the specified required composition of the premises.
5.4 Loggias and balconies should be provided in apartments of buildings under construction in climatic regions III and IV, in apartments for families with disabled people, in other cases - taking into account unfavorable climatic conditions, safe operation and fire safety requirements.
The following unfavorable conditions are distinguished for the design of balconies and non-glazed loggias:
In climatic regions I and II - a combination of average monthly air temperature and average monthly wind speed in July: 12 ° С - 16 ° С and more than 5 m / s; 8 ° С - 12 ° С and 4-5 m / s; 4 ° С - 8 ° С and 4 m / s; below 4 ° С at any wind speed;
Noise from highways or industrial areas 75 dB or more at a distance of 2 m from the facade of a residential building (except for noise-proof residential buildings);
The concentration of dust in the air is 1.5 mg / m 3 or more for 15 days or more during the period of three summer months, while it should be borne in mind that the loggias can be glazed.
During the construction of an apartment building in climatic subareas IA, IB, IG and IIA, determined according to SP 131.13330, a ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and shoes should be provided in the apartments.
5.5 The placement of apartments and living rooms in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
5.6 The dimensions of living rooms and premises for auxiliary use of an apartment should be determined taking into account the requirements of ergonomics and placement of the necessary set of intra-apartment equipment and pieces of furniture.
5.7 The area of apartments for the social use of state and municipal housing stock should be at least: a total living room in a one-room apartment - 14 m 2, a common living room in apartments with two or more rooms - 16 m 2, bedrooms - 8 m 2 (on two people - 10 m 2); kitchens - 8 m 2; kitchen area in the kitchen (dining room) - 6 m 2. It is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches in apartments with an area of at least 5 m 2.
The area of the bedroom and kitchen in the attic floor (or the floor with inclined enclosing structures) is allowed at least 7 m 2, provided that the total living room has an area of at least 16 m 2.
5.8 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living rooms and a kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic subareas IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA, determined by SP 131.13330, must be at least 2, 7 m, and in other climatic subareas - not less than 2, 5 m.
The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front halls, mezzanines and under them is determined by the safety conditions for the movement of people and should be at least 2.1 m.
In living rooms and kitchens of apartments located on floors with inclined enclosing structures or in the attic floor, a decrease relative to the standardized ceiling height in an area not exceeding 50% is allowed.
5.9 In multi-apartment buildings of state and municipal housing stock, in accordance with 2-, 3- and 4-room apartments, bedrooms and common rooms should be designed as non-passable. Moreover, all apartments must be equipped with: a kitchen with a dishwasher and a stove for cooking; a bathroom with a bath (shower) and a sink (washbasin), a toilet with a toilet or a combined bathroom [bathroom (shower), washbasin and toilet].
In apartments of private housing stock and housing stock for commercial use, the functional and planning connections of rooms with aisles and the composition of the sanitary equipment of apartments should be established according to the design assignment.
6 Bearing capacity and permissible deformability of structures
6.1 The foundations and supporting structures of an apartment building must be designed in accordance with GOST 27751, SP 16.13330, SP 20.13330, SP 63.13330 and SP 70.13330. At the same time, during the construction process and under the design operating conditions during the design life set in the design assignment, according to the following, the following possibilities should be excluded:
Destruction and (or) damage to structures, leading to the need to terminate the operation of the building;
Unacceptable deterioration of operational properties and (or) decrease in the reliability of structures due to deformations or cracking.
6.2 Structures and foundations of an apartment building should be designed to withstand constant loads:
From own weight of supporting and enclosing structures;
Temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors;
Snow and wind loads for a given construction area.
The standard values of the listed loads, taking into account the unfavorable combinations of loads or the corresponding forces, the limiting values of deflections and displacements of structures, the values of the safety factors for the loads should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 20.13330.
When calculating the structures and foundations of multi-apartment buildings, the additional requirements of the developer specified in the design assignment should also be taken into account for taking into account the loads at the location of intra-apartment equipment (for example, fireplaces, bathtubs), technological and engineering equipment for built-in public premises and for fastening the elements of this equipment to walls and ceilings.
6.3 Methods for calculating their bearing capacity and permissible deformability used in the design of structures must meet the requirements of SP 16.13330, SP 20.13330, SP 22.13330, SP 63.13330 and SP 70.13330. When detecting hazardous geological processes on the construction sites of apartment buildings, the requirements of SP 116.13330 should be taken into account. In difficult geological conditions, it should be additionally taken into account: in seismic regions - the requirements of SP 14.13330, on undermined territories and subsiding soils - the requirements of SP 21.13330, on permafrost soils - the requirements of SP 25.13330.
6.4 The foundations of an apartment building should be designed according to the results of engineering surveys in accordance with ensuring the necessary uniformity of the foundation settlement under the supporting and enclosing structures of an apartment building. It is necessary to take into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils and the hydrogeological regime at the construction site in accordance with SP 22.13330 and (or) SP 24.13330 (in the presence of pile foundations). Measures should be taken to compensate for possible deformations of the base, as well as to protect building structures from corrosion, taking into account the degree of aggressiveness of soils and groundwater in relation to foundations and engineering communications in accordance with SP 28.13330.
6.5 When calculating a building with a height of more than 40 m for a wind load, in addition to the conditions of strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions on the parameters of oscillations of the floors of the upper floors, due to ensuring the comfort of living, must be provided.
6.6 In the event that additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of a residential building arise during the reconstruction, its supporting and enclosing structures, as well as the basement soils, must be checked for these loads and effects in accordance with the current documents, regardless of the physical deterioration of the structures.
In this case, one should take into account the actual bearing capacity of the base soils as a result of their changes during the period of operation, as well as the increase in the strength of concrete in concrete and reinforced concrete structures over time.
6.7 When reconstructing a residential building, it is necessary to take into account changes in its structural scheme arising during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings, additional to the original design solution, as well as the effect of the repair of structures or their reinforcement).
6.8 When reconstructing residential buildings with a change in the location of the bathrooms, appropriate additional measures should be taken for hydro, noise and vibration isolation and, if necessary, reinforcement of the ceilings on which the installation of equipment for these bathrooms is envisaged.
7 Fire safety
7.1 Preventing the spread of fire
7.1.1 Fire safety of buildings of functional fire hazard class F1.3 and apartment-type dormitories of functional fire hazard class F1.2 should be ensured in accordance with the requirements, fire safety regulations and rules established in this set of rules for specially stipulated cases, and during operation - taking into account. Justification of deviations from the requirements of regulatory documents in the field of fire safety, including the requirements of section 7, can be performed in accordance with the risk calculation.
7.1.2 The permissible height of the building and the floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard according to Table 7.1.
Table 7.1
Fire resistance of the building |
Allowable building height, m |
Floor area within the fire compartment, m 2 |
|
Not standardized | |||
Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated annexes should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of an apartment building. |
7.1.3 Buildings with fire resistance degrees I, II and III are allowed to be built on one attic floor with load-bearing elements that have a fire resistance limit of at least R45 and a fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings specified in Table 7.1, but located no higher than 75 m. the structures of this floor must meet the requirements for the structures of the building to be built. When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided to ensure the specified requirements.
7.1.4 The structures of the galleries in the gallery houses must comply with the requirements adopted for the floors of these buildings.
7.1.5 In buildings with degrees of fire resistance I and II, to ensure the required fire resistance limit of the load-bearing elements of the building, only structural fire protection should be used.
7.1.6 Load-bearing elements of two-storey buildings of fire resistance level IV must have a fire resistance limit of at least R30.
7.1.7 Intersectional, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating the non-apartment corridors, halls and vestibules from other premises, must comply with the requirements set out in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2
Fencing structure |
The minimum limit of fire resistance and the permissible class of fire hazard of the structure for the building of the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard | |||
I-III, C0 and C1 | ||||
Intersection wall | ||||
Intersectional partition | ||||
Apartment wall | ||||
Dividing wall | ||||
The wall separating the corridors outside the apartment from other premises | ||||
Partition separating the non-apartment corridors from other rooms | ||||
* For buildings of class C1, K1 is allowed. ** For non-load-bearing walls, no fire resistance limit is established for the “loss of bearing capacity (R)” limit state. |
Intersectional and inter-apartment walls and partitions must be deaf and meet the requirements.
7.1.8 The limit of fire resistance of interior partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of interior wardrobes, collapsible and sliding partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of other interior partitions, including those with doors, must correspond.
7.1.9 Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings with fire resistance II up to five floors inclusive, as well as in buildings with fire resistance III and IV, may be designed with non-standardized fire resistance and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor (including the technical corridor for laying communications) of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be type 1 fire protection.
7.1.10 Technical, basement, basement floors and attics should be divided by type 1 fire partitions into compartments with an area of not more than 500 m 2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - into sections.
The fire resistance limit of doors in fireproof partitions separating rooms of category D is not standardized.
7.1.11 Fences of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more, as well as external sun protection in buildings of fire resistance degrees I, II and III with a height of five floors or more must be made of non-combustible (NG) materials.
7.1.12 Placement of built-in and built-in-attached premises in buildings of class F3 is allowed in the basement, basement, first, second (in large and largest cities **) and in the third floors of an apartment building, while the premises of the residential part should be separated from public premises fireproof partitions not lower than type 1 and ceilings not lower than type 3 (in buildings of fire resistance degree I - with ceilings of type 2) without openings.
7.1.13 The waste collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and stand out with fire partitions and overlap with a fire resistance limit of at least REI 60 and a fire hazard class K0.
7.1.14 The limits of fire resistance and fire hazard classes of structures of attic coverings in buildings of all degrees of fire resistance are not standardized, and the roof, rafters, lathing and filing of eaves overhangs are allowed to be made of combustible materials, with the exception of specially stipulated cases.
The structures of the gables are allowed to be designed with non-standardized fire resistance limits, while the gables must have a fire hazard class corresponding to the fire hazard class of the outer walls from the outside.
Information about the structures related to the elements of attic coatings is given by the design organization in the technical documentation for the building.
In buildings with fire resistance grades I-IV with attic coverings, with rafters and (or) battens made of combustible materials, the roof should be made of non-combustible (NG) materials, and the rafters and lathing in buildings with fire resistance degree I should be treated with fire retardant compounds of the fire retardant group. efficiency I, in buildings with degrees of fire resistance II-IV - with fire retardants not lower than fire retardant efficiency group II or to carry out their constructive fire protection that does not contribute to the latent propagation of combustion.
In buildings of classes C0, C1, the structures of cornices, filing of cornice overhangs of attic coverings should be made of materials NG, G1, or sheathing of these elements with sheet materials of a flammability group of at least G1 should be performed. For these structures, the use of combustible heaters is not allowed (with the exception of a vapor barrier up to 2 mm thick), and they should not contribute to the latent propagation of combustion.
7.1.15 The covering of an attached or built-in-attached part of an apartment building must meet the requirements for a non-attic covering, and its roof - the requirements for an operated roof of SP 17.13330. In multi-apartment buildings with I-III degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to operate coatings that correspond to the operating conditions of the roofs, in accordance with 4.7, 4.18 and 8.11. In this case, the fire resistance limit of the supporting structures of the coating must be at least R45, and the fire hazard class of building structures must be at least K0.
If there are windows in a residential building oriented towards the built-in and attached part of the building, the roof at a distance of 6 m from the junction must be made of non-combustible (NG) materials.
7.1.16 In residential buildings with stove heating, when arranging solid fuel storage rooms in the basement or first floor, they should be separated from other rooms by solid fire partitions of at least type 1 and ceilings at least type 3. The exit from these pantries should be directly outside.
7.2 Provision of evacuation
7.2.1 The greatest distances from the doors of apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken according to table 7.3.
Table 7.3
Fire resistance of the building |
Building constructive fire hazard class |
The greatest distance from the door of the apartment to the exit, m |
|
when located between stairwells or external entrances |
when entering a dead-end corridor or gallery |
||
Not standardized |
In a section of a residential building, when leaving apartments in a corridor (hall) that does not have a window opening with an area of at least 1.2 m 2 at the end, the distance from the door of the most distant apartment to the exit directly to the staircase or exit to the vestibule or elevator walk-through hall, leading to the air zone of a smoke-free staircase should not exceed 12 m. If there is a window opening or smoke ventilation in the corridor (hall), this distance can be taken according to Table 7.3, as for a dead-end corridor.
7.2.2 The width of the corridor must be, m, not less: with its length between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the stairs up to 40 m - 1, 4, over 40 m - 1, 6. The width of the gallery must be at least 1, 2 m. The corridors should be separated by partitions with doors with a fire resistance rating of EI 30, equipped with self-closing devices (door closers) and located at a distance of no more than 30 m from one another and from the ends of the corridor.
7.2.3 In stairwells and lift halls, glazed doors with reinforced glass must be provided. It is allowed to use other types of shockproof glazing that ensure the safety of people and meet the requirements of the standards for the protection class.
7.2.4 The number of emergency exits from the floor and the type of staircases should be taken in accordance with the requirements.
7.2.5 In residential buildings with a height of less than 28 m, designed for placement in climatic region IV and climatic subarea IIIB, instead of staircases, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible (NG) materials.
7.2.6 In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type, with a total area of apartments on the floor of up to 500 m the ends of the corridors (galleries) provide exits to external stairs of the 3rd type, leading to the floor level of the second floor. When placing the specified staircases at the end of the building, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).
7.2.7 When superstructure existing buildings up to 28 m in height with one floor, it is allowed to preserve the existing staircase of type L1, provided that the superstructure is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements.
7.2.8 If the total area of apartments on the floor is more than 500 m 2, evacuation must be carried out in at least two staircases (normal or smoke-free).
In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the floor from 500 to 550 m 2, one escape exit from the apartments is allowed:
If the height of the upper floor is not more than 28 m - into an ordinary staircase, provided that the front ones in the apartments are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors;
If the height of the upper floor is more than 28 m - in one smoke-free staircase, provided that all premises of the apartments (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers and laundry rooms) are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors or automatic fire extinguishing.
7.2.9 For a multi-level apartment, it is allowed not to provide access to the staircase from each floor, provided that the premises of the apartment are not higher than 18 m, and the floor of the apartment, which does not have a direct exit to the staircase, is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements. The inside staircase is allowed to be made of wood.
7.2.10 The passage to the outer air zone of the staircase of type H1 is allowed through the lift hall, while the arrangement of lift shafts and doors in them must be made in accordance with the requirements.
7.2.11 In buildings with a height of up to 50 m with a total area of apartments on the section floor of up to 500 m 2, an emergency exit may be provided to a staircase of type H2 or H3 when one of the elevators is installed in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments. In this case, the exit to the staircase H2 should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the staircase, elevator shafts, vestibules and lobbies should be type 2 fire-prevention doors.
7.2.12 In sectional houses with a height of more than 28 m, the exit outside from smoke-free staircases (type H1) may be arranged through the lobby (in the absence of exits to it from the parking lot and public premises), separated from the adjoining corridors by type 1 fire partitions with type 2 fire doors. In this case, the communication of the staircase of the H1 type with the vestibule must be arranged through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the first floor with a metal grating. On the way from the apartment to the staircase H1, there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.
7.2.13 In a building with a height of three floors and more, exits from the basement, basement floors and technical underground should be located at least 100 m apart and should not be connected to the stairwells of the residential part of the building.
Exits from the basements and basement floors may be arranged through the staircase of the residential part, taking into account the requirements.
Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building may be carried out through common staircases, and in buildings with H1 staircases - through the air zone.
7.2.14 When arranging emergency exits from the attic floors to the roof, it is necessary to provide platforms and walkways with a fence leading to the stairs of the 3rd type and P2.
7.2.15 Public premises should have entrances and emergency exits, isolated from the residential part of the building.
7.3 Fire safety requirements for engineering systems and building equipment
7.3.1 Intra-building engineering systems and intra-apartment equipment must comply with the requirements and regulatory documents for fire safety.
Smoke protection of apartment buildings must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330, SP 5.13130, SP 7.13130.
Fire safety of electrical equipment should be carried out in accordance with SP 6.13130, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems - SP 7.13130.
The design assignment should provide for the dispatching of engineering equipment and (or) a structured monitoring and control system for engineering systems in accordance with GOST R 22.1.12, with warning and evacuation system devices in accordance with the requirements of SP 3.13130.
7.3.2 If ventilation units for air supply and smoke removal are located in ventilation chambers, fenced off by type 1 fire partitions, then these chambers must be separate. The opening of the valves and the switching on of the fans should be provided automatically from sensors installed according to the design assignment in apartments, common areas, technical rooms, security and access control rooms (if any), and remote from buttons installed on each floor in fire hydrant cabinets.
7.3.3 Protection of buildings with automatic fire alarms should be provided in accordance with the requirements. If there is an automatic fire alarm in the building, smoke detectors should be installed in the concierge's room, in corridors and waste collection chambers.
7.3.4 The type of fire detectors installed in the front apartments of buildings with a height of more than 28 m is adopted in accordance with SP 5.13130.
7.3.5 Living quarters of apartments and dormitories (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers, laundry rooms, saunas) should be equipped with autonomous smoke detectors that meet the requirements of fire safety regulations.
7.3.6 In-house and intra-apartment electrical networks, in accordance with the requirements, should be equipped with residual current devices.
7.3.7 Gas supply systems for residential buildings should be provided in accordance with SP 62.13330.
7.3.8 Heat supply systems for apartment buildings should be provided in accordance with SP 60.13330.
7.3.9 Heat generators, cooking and heating furnaces operating on solid fuel may be provided in multi-apartment buildings with up to two storeys inclusive (excluding the basement).
7.3.10 Heat generators, including stoves and fireplaces for solid fuels, hobs and chimneys must be performed with the implementation of constructive measures in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.
7.3.11 The waste collection chamber shall be protected throughout the entire area by sprinkler sprinklers. The section of the sprinkler distribution pipeline should be circular, connected to the utility and drinking water supply network of an apartment building and equipped with thermal insulation made of non-combustible (NG) materials. The cell door must be insulated.
7.3.12 In two-storey multi-apartment buildings with a fire resistance degree V with four or more apartments in the distribution (input) electrical panels of these multi-apartment buildings, it is necessary to provide for the installation of self-extinguishing fire extinguishers.
7.3.13 The location of the elevators, the fire resistance limit of the enclosing structures and the filling of the openings of the elevator shafts, elevator halls and the engine room must comply with the requirements.
7.3.14 When designing saunas in apartments of multi-apartment buildings (except for locked ones), it is necessary to provide:
Steam room volume - in the range from 8 to 24 m 3;
A special factory-made furnace for heating with automatic shutdown when the temperature reaches 130 ° C, as well as after 8 hours of continuous operation;
Placement of this stove at a distance of at least 0.2 m from the walls of the steam room;
Installation of a fireproof heat-insulating shield over the stove;
Equipment of the ventilation duct with a fire damper in accordance with SP 60.13330, SP 7.13130;
Equipment with a drencher or dry pipe connected outside the steam room to the internal water supply.
The diameter of the dry pipe is determined based on the irrigation intensity of at least 0.06 l / s per 1 m 2 of the wall surface, the angle of inclination of the water jet to the surface of the partitions 20 ° -30 ° and the presence of holes with a diameter of 3-5 mm in the dry pipe, located with a step of 150 -200 mm.
7.4 Providing fire extinguishing and rescue operations
7.4.1 The provision of rescue operations and fire extinguishing in multi-apartment buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements and regulatory documents on fire safety.
7.4.2 In each compartment (section) of the basement or basement floor, highlighted by fire barriers, at least two windows with dimensions of at least 0.9x1.2 m should be provided.The area of the clear opening of these windows must be taken by calculation, but not less than 0.2 % of the floor area of these premises. If there is a pit in front of the window in the basement, its dimensions should allow the supply of a fire extinguishing agent from the foam generator and the removal of smoke using a smoke exhauster (the distance from the building wall to the pit boundary should be at least 0.7 m).
7.4.3 In the transverse walls of basements and technical subfields of multi-apartment buildings, the height of the openings should be at least 1.8 m, and in attics - at least 1.6 m. In this case, the height of the threshold (if any) should not exceed 0.3 m ...
7.4.4 Fire-fighting water supply should be performed in accordance with SP 8.13130 and SP 10.13130. In multi-apartment buildings up to 50 m in height, it is allowed to install an internal fire-fighting water supply system with branch pipes with valves and connecting heads brought out to the outside for connecting water fire extinguishing. The connecting heads must be placed on the facade in a place convenient for the installation of at least two fire trucks, at a height of 0.8-1.2 m.
7.4.5 On the utility-drinking water supply network in each apartment, a separate tap with a diameter of at least 15 mm should be provided for connecting a hose equipped with a sprayer, for use as a primary device for in-house fire extinguishing to eliminate the source of fire. The length of the hose should provide the ability to supply water to any point in the apartment.
7.4.6 In residential buildings (in sectional buildings - in each section) with a height of more than 50 m, one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments.
8 Safety in use
8.1 An apartment building must be designed, erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury by residents when moving inside and near the building, when entering and exiting the building, as well as when using its elements and engineering equipment, taking into account the safe access of MGN in accordance with SP 59.13330 ...
8.2 The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to table 8.1.
Table 8.1
Name of the march |
Minimum width, m |
Maximum slope | |
Marches of stairs leading to residential floors of buildings: | |||
Sectional two-story | |||
Sectional three and more storey | |||
Corridor, gallery | |||
Marches of stairs leading to basement and basement floors, technical undergrounds, as well as intra-apartment stairs | |||
Note - The width of the march should be determined by the distance between the rails or between the wall and the railing. |
Differences in height in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. Where necessary, handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of ascents in one flight of stairs or at a height difference should be at least 3 and no more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In multi-level apartments, intra-apartment staircases are allowed spiral or with run-in steps, while the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 0.18 m.
8.3 The height of fences for external staircases and landings, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops should be at least 1.2 m. Staircases and platforms for internal stairs should have fences with handrails at least 0.9 m high.
The fences must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to withstand horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN / m.
The use of security systems to prevent accidental falling of children from windows is carried out only in cases of establishing such a requirement in the project, indicating in which rooms they should be installed.
8.4 Constructive solutions for the elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, the arrangement of ventilation openings, the placement of thermal insulation, etc.) must provide for protection against rodent penetration.
8.5 Engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the regulatory documents of the state supervision authorities, and the instructions of the instructions of the equipment manufacturers.
8.6 Engineering equipment and instruments in case of possible seismic effects should be securely fixed.
8.7 In apartments on the upper floor or at any level of a multi-level apartment located last in height in residential buildings of I-III fire resistance classes C0, C1, it is allowed to install solid fuel fireplaces with autonomous chimneys in accordance with the requirements.
8.8 In an apartment building and in the adjacent territory, according to the design assignment and in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of local authorities, measures should be provided to reduce the risks of criminal manifestations and their consequences, to help protect people living in a residential building and minimize possible damage in the event of illegal actions in accordance with SP 132.13330. The security system of an apartment building must ensure the protection of in-house engineering systems and fire-fighting equipment from unauthorized access and unlawful destructive effects.
If the project provides for a security and access control room, its placement should provide a visual overview of the door of the entrance vestibule to an apartment building and passages to the staircase and elevator node and (or) the staircase of the first floor. At the premises of security and access control, access to a bathroom equipped with a toilet bowl and a sink must be provided.
8.9 In individual multi-apartment buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be designed in accordance with SP 88.13330.
8.10 Lightning protection of multi-apartment buildings should be designed in accordance with the requirements.
8.11 On the operated roofs of residential buildings, the safety of their use should be ensured by installing appropriate fences, protection of ventilation outlets and other engineering devices located on the roof, as well as, if necessary, noise protection of the downstream premises.
On the operated roofs of built-in and attached public premises, at the entrance area, on summer non-apartment premises,
in the connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (ground and intermediate) used for the construction of sports grounds for the recreation of adult residents of the house, areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium, the necessary safety measures should be provided (installation of fences and measures for the protection of ventilation outlets).
8.12 The switchboard room, premises for head-end stations (HS), technical centers (TC) of cable television, sound transformer substations (ZTP), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, toilets, etc. .).
8.13 The premises of the HS, shopping center, ZTP should have entrances directly from the street; the electrical control room (including for communication equipment, an automated power supply control system, dispatching control and television) must have an entrance directly from the street or from a floor-by-floor corridor (hall); there must also be an approach from the specified corridor to the place where the SRT is installed.
8.14 Safety of elevators must be ensured at all stages of the life cycle in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53780 and technical documentation of enterprises - manufacturers of elevators.
8.15 In the adjoining to the perimeter of the enclosing structures of the living rooms of apartments, in particular on the sides of the walls on the floor and ceilings above and below, according to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, it is not allowed to place the engine room and elevator shafts, electrical control rooms.
8.16 Elements and details of structures and engineering equipment with service life less than the expected service life of the building must be replaced, including according to the results of inspection and monitoring of the technical condition in accordance with GOST 31937 and GOST R 22.1.12 (if available in a multi-apartment building of a structured system for monitoring and managing engineering systems), carried out in accordance with the overhaul periods established in the design documentation. In the design assignment, the decision on the use of elements, materials or equipment of a certain durability with a corresponding increase or decrease in overhaul periods should be established by technical and economic calculations.
8.17 The laying of main pipelines of internal heat supply systems with upper or lower wiring must be carried out on special technical floors (basement, technical underground or technical floor). It is not allowed to lay main pipelines with upper or lower wiring through the premises of apartments.
9 Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements
9.1 During the design and construction of apartment buildings, measures should be taken to ensure the fulfillment of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental requirements for the protection of human health and the environment in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, GOST 30494, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200 and SanPiN 42 -128-4690, by belonging to environmental influences and to public premises, as well as rules and regulations for the technical operation of the housing stock,,.
9.2 The design parameters of the air in the premises of an apartment building should be taken in accordance with SP 60.13330. The air exchange rate in the premises in the service mode should be taken in accordance with Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
Premises |
Air exchange value | |
Bedroom, common room (or living room), children's room with a total area of the apartment for one person less than 20 m 2 |
3 m 3 / h for 1 m 2 of living space | |
The same, with the total area of the apartment for one person more than 20 m 2 |
30 m 3 / h per person, but not less than 0.35 h -1 | |
Pantry, linen, dressing room | ||
Kitchen with electric stove | ||
Room with gas-using equipment | ||
Room with heat generators with a total heating capacity of up to 50 kW | ||
less than 6 m high: | ||
With an open combustion chamber ** | ||
With a closed combustion chamber ** | ||
Bathroom, shower, toilet, combined bathroom | ||
Elevator engine room |
By calculation | |
Waste collection chamber | ||
* Air exchange in frequency should be taken equal to the total volume of the room (apartment). ** When installing a gas stove, air exchange should be increased by 100 m 3 / h. Note - The air exchange rate should be assigned in accordance with SP 60.13330, for built-in, attached or built-in-attached public premises - according to SP 118.13330, for parking spaces - according to SP 113.13330, for civil defense structures - according to SP 88.13330, as well as taking into account codes of rules for design and sanitary norms and rules corresponding to the different functional purpose of the premises. |
9.3 When calculating the thermal engineering of the enclosing structures of residential buildings, the internal air temperature of the heated premises should be at least 20 ° С, relative humidity - 50%.
9.4 The heating and ventilation system of the building must be designed to provide the premises during the heating season with the temperature of the internal air within the optimal parameters established by section 5 of SP 60.13330.2012, with the design parameters of the external air for the relevant construction areas.
When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must be ensured even in the warm season.
In buildings erected in areas with an estimated outdoor air temperature of minus 40 ° C and below, either heating the surface of the floors of living rooms and kitchens, as well as public premises with the constant presence of people located above cold undergrounds, or thermal protection in accordance with the requirements SP 50.13330.
9.5 The ventilation system must maintain the cleanliness (quality) of air in the premises and the uniformity of its distribution in accordance with SP 60.13330.
Ventilation can be:
With natural air inflow and outflow;
With mechanical induction of air inflow and removal, including combined with air heating;
Combined with natural inflow and removal of air with partial use of mechanical stimulation;
Hybrid with natural inflow and removal of air during cold and transitional periods and with mechanical induction of air exchange during the warm season.
9.6 In living rooms and kitchens, the air flow should be ensured through adjustable window sashes, transoms, vents, valves or other devices, including wall air valves with adjustable opening.
In apartments designed in climatic regions III and IV, the calculated air parameters and the air exchange rate (in accordance with the requirements of 9.2) should be provided in one or more of the following ways: ) ventilation, air conditioning, through or corner ventilation of apartment premises. In this case, through or corner ventilation of the premises of one-sided apartments is allowed to be performed through the staircase or through other ventilated common areas.
In buildings designed for construction in climatic region III, in skylights in living rooms and kitchens, and in climatic region IV also in loggias, in order to reduce overheating of the premises, it is necessary to provide for the constructive possibility of arranging adjustable sun protection elements that exclude obstacles to the access of fire departments.
9.7 Air removal should be provided from kitchens, restrooms, rooms and, if necessary, from other rooms of apartments, while installation of adjustable ventilation grilles and valves on exhaust ducts and air ducts should be provided.
Air from rooms in which harmful substances or unpleasant odors can be emitted must be removed directly outside and not enter other rooms of the building, including through ventilation ducts.
Combining ventilation ducts from kitchens, toilets, bathrooms (showers), combined lavatories, food storage rooms with ventilation ducts from rooms with gas-powered equipment and car parking is not allowed.
9.8 In multi-apartment buildings, ventilation of built-in and built-in-attached public premises, in addition to those specified in 4.14, must be autonomous.
9.9 In buildings with a warm attic, air removal from the attic should be provided through one exhaust shaft for each section of an apartment building with a shaft height determined by the calculation of the ventilation system from the ceiling above the last floor to the top of the shaft.
9.10 In the outer walls of basements, technical underground floors and a cold attic that do not have exhaust ventilation, air vents with a total area of at least 1/400 of the floor area of the technical underground or basement should be provided, evenly spaced along the perimeter of the outer walls. The area of one vent must be at least 0.05 m 2.
9.11 The duration of insolation of apartments (rooms) of an apartment building should be taken in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.
The normalized duration of insolation must be provided:
In one-, two- and three-room apartments - in at least one living room;
In four-room apartments and more - in at least two living rooms.
9.12 Natural lighting should have living rooms and kitchens (except for kitchens-niches), public premises built into residential buildings, except for premises, the placement of which is allowed in the basement floors in accordance with SP 118.13330.
9.13 The ratio of the area of light openings to the floor area of living rooms and kitchens should be taken at least 1: 8. For upper floors with light openings in the plane of inclined enclosing structures - not less than 1:10. The design assignment should take into account the lighting performance of the windows and the shading conditions of the opposing buildings.
9.14 Natural lighting is not standardized:
For rooms and premises located under the mezzanine and in multi-light rooms with openings in the ceilings between floors with additional natural light through the glazed enclosing structures of adjacent premises with natural light (atriums, glazed staircases);
For auxiliary premises of apartments, including utility rooms, sanitary facilities (kitchen niches, bathrooms, toilets, toilets, laundry rooms), communication rooms;
For common areas.
9.15 The normalized indicators of natural and artificial lighting of premises should be established in accordance with SP 52.13330 and GOST R 53780 for rooms with located elevator equipment, on floor areas in front of the entrance to the elevator, areas in front of the entrance to the machine room of the elevator.
Illumination at the entrance to the building must be at least 6 lux for horizontal surfaces and at least 10 lux for vertical surfaces (to a height from the field up to 2 m).
9.16 When illuminated through skylights in the outer walls of common corridors, their length should not exceed:
24 m - if there is a light opening in one end;
48 m - at two ends.
With longer corridors, it is necessary to provide additional natural light through the light pockets. The distance between two light pockets should be no more than 24 m, and between the light pocket and the light opening at the end of the corridor - no more than 30 m. The width of the light pocket, which can serve as a staircase, should be at least 1.5 m. a pocket is allowed to illuminate corridors up to 12 m long, located on both sides of it.
9.17 In multi-apartment buildings designed for construction in climatic region III, skylights in living rooms and kitchens, and in climatic region IV - also in loggias within the horizon sector 200 ° -290 °, taking into account the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645 and SanPiN 2.2. 1 / 2.1.1.1076 must be equipped with adjustable shading devices in accordance with GOST 33125, excluding obstacles to the access of fire departments. In two-storey apartment buildings, it is allowed to provide sun protection with means of landscaping.
9.18 External enclosing structures of an apartment building must have thermal insulation, insulation from the penetration of cold outside air and vapor barrier from diffusion of water vapor from the premises, ensuring:
The required temperature and the absence of moisture condensation on the internal surfaces of structures inside the premises;
Preventing the accumulation of excess moisture in structures.
The temperature difference between the internal air and the surface of the external wall structures at the design temperature of the internal air must comply with the requirements of SP 50.13330.
9.19 In climatic regions I-III, at all external entrances to multi-apartment buildings (except for entrances from the external air zone to a smoke-free staircase), vestibules or vestibules should be provided with depth and width parameters that ensure accessibility for MGN, including wheelchair users, according to SP 59.13330.
Double vestibules at the entrances to multi-apartment buildings (except for entrances from the external air zone to the smoke-free staircase) should be designed depending on the number of storeys of buildings and the area of their construction in accordance with Table 9.2.
Table 9.2
Average temperature of the coldest five-day period, ° С |
Double vestibule in buildings with the number of floors | |||||||||
Minus 20 and above | ||||||||||
Notes (edit) 1 When entering an apartment directly, a double vestibule should be designed with an unheated staircase. 2 A veranda can be used as a vestibule. |
9.20 The premises of the building must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt and ground water and possible domestic water leaks from engineering systems by constructive means and technical devices.
9.21 Roofs should be designed with an organized drain. It is allowed to provide for an unorganized drain from the roofs of two-story apartment buildings, provided that visors are installed over the entrances and blind areas.
9.22 It is not allowed to place a restroom and a bathroom (shower) above living rooms and kitchens. Placement of a toilet and a bathroom (shower) on the upper level above the kitchen is allowed in apartments located on two levels.
9.23 During the construction of buildings in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures should be taken to isolate floors and basement walls in contact with the ground in order to prevent the penetration of soil gas from the ground into the building , and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of the relevant sanitary standards.
9.24 Sound insulation of external and internal enclosing structures of residential premises of an apartment building should ensure a decrease in sound pressure from external sources of noise, including shock, and noise that does not exceed the permissible values according to SP 51.13330 and SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562.
Inter-apartment walls and partitions must have an airborne noise insulation index of at least 52 dB.
9.25 When multi-apartment buildings are located in an area with an increased level of traffic noise, noise reduction in residential buildings should be carried out by using a special noise-proof layout and (or) structural and technical means of noise protection, including external enclosing structures and fillings of window openings with increased sound-insulating properties.
9.26 Noise levels from engineering equipment and other indoor noise sources should not exceed the established permissible levels and not more than 2 dBA exceed the background values determined when the indoor noise source is not in operation, both during the day and at night.
9.27 To ensure the permissible noise level, it is not allowed to fix sanitary appliances and pipelines directly to the inter-apartment walls and partitions enclosing living rooms; them, as well as adjacent to them.
9.28 When arranging bathrooms in bedrooms, it is recommended, according to the design assignment, to separate them from each other by built-in wardrobes between them in order to protect them from noise.
9.29 The supply of drinking water to the house should be provided from the centralized water supply network of the settlement. In areas without centralized engineering networks for one-, two-storey buildings, it is allowed to provide individual and collective water supply sources from underground aquifers or reservoirs at the rate of a daily consumption of household drinking water of at least 60 liters per person. In areas with limited water resources, the estimated daily water consumption may be reduced on the basis of territorial regulatory legal acts.
9.30 For wastewater disposal, a sewerage system should be provided - centralized or local in accordance with the rules established by SP 30.13330.
Wastewater should be disposed of without contamination of the territory and aquifers.
9.31 Devices for the collection and removal of solid municipal waste and waste from the operation of public premises built into an apartment building must be made in accordance with the rules for the operation of the housing stock established by local authorities, taking into account SanPiN 2.1.2.2645 and SanPiN 42-128-4690.
9.32 The need for a garbage chute in residential buildings is determined by the customer in agreement with local authorities and taking into account the garbage disposal system adopted in the settlement.
In newly constructed and reconstructed multi-apartment buildings with five storeys and above, garbage chutes should be arranged in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 42-128-4690.
A garbage chute is mandatory in multi-apartment buildings for the disabled and the elderly with two or more storeys.
For newly constructed and reconstructed apartment buildings with less than five storeys, it is allowed not to arrange garbage chutes, provided that separate collection and daily disposal of solid municipal and food waste is ensured.
The garbage chamber, the trunk of the garbage chute and the device for its cleaning and washing are not allowed to be located adjacent to the enclosing structures of living rooms and inside the enclosing structures of living rooms.
Garbage chute loading valves should be located on landings.
The garbage chute must be equipped with devices for periodic cleaning, disinfection in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 42-128-4690.
NOTE See also.
The waste collection chamber should be equipped with water supply, sewerage, lighting, devices for the mechanization of waste reception and exhaust ventilation. In the design assignment, a place for placing and connecting equipment, including a device that generates ozone within the sanitary standards for disinfection and deodorization of the chamber and the barrel of the garbage chute using the ozonation method, should be provided in the garbage collection chamber.
The entrance to the waste collection chamber must be isolated from the entrance to the building and other premises; the front door must have a sealed porch.
9.33 Residential floors and floors with premises for preschool educational organizations and medical institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor or a floor with non-residential premises to protect against the penetration of exhaust gases and above-standard noise levels.
9.34 In multi-apartment residential buildings in the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry for cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink, should be provided.
9.35 When designing built-in, attached and built-in-attached public premises related to the production of goods and services, negative impacts should be excluded and the standardized indicators of living conditions in residential premises provided for by SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, SanPiN 2.3.6.1079 and GOST 30494, in including the levels allowed in residential premises and in the adjacent territory:
Noise during operation of ventilation equipment, engineering systems, as well as equipment of built-in institutions and enterprises;
Air pollution from engineering systems, ventilation equipment and vehicles serving built-in institutions and enterprises.
Should be carried out indoors and in the adjacent territory:
Separation of traffic flows of residents and visitors and cargo delivery;
Functional and planning zoning of the local area when arranging passages under the building, platforms, landing stages and other devices for unloading vehicles.
10 Durability and maintainability
10.1 The load-bearing structures of a building should maintain their properties in accordance with the requirements of this code of practice during the expected service life, which may be specified in the design assignment.
10.2 The load-bearing structures of a building, which determine its strength and stability, during the life of the building must retain their properties within acceptable limits, taking into account the requirements of GOST 27751, SP 16.13330, SP 20.13330, SP 63.13330 and SP 70.13330.
10.3 Elements, parts, equipment with service lives less than the expected service life of the building should be replaced in accordance with the overhaul periods established in the project and taking into account the requirements of the design assignment. The decision to use elements, materials or equipment of varying degrees of durability with a corresponding increase or decrease in overhaul periods is established by technical and economic calculations. At the same time, materials, structures and construction technology should be selected taking into account the provision of minimum subsequent costs for repair, maintenance and operation.
10.4 Structures and parts must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low temperatures, aggressive environment, biological and other adverse factors in accordance with SP 28.13330.
If necessary, appropriate measures should be taken against the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the bearing and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures by means of sufficient sealing of structures or ventilation of closed spaces and air spaces.
10.5 Butt joints of prefabricated elements and laminated structures should be designed to withstand temperature and humidity deformations and forces arising from uneven settlement of foundations and other operational influences. Sealing and sealing materials used in joints must retain elastic and adhesion properties when exposed to negative temperatures and moisture, and also be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures in the places of their conjugation.
10.6 It should be possible to access equipment, fittings and instruments of engineering systems of the building and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
Equipment and pipelines must be fixed to the building structures of the building in such a way that their performance is not impaired by possible movements of the structures.
10.7 When constructing buildings in areas with difficult geological conditions, subject to seismic impacts, underworking, subsidence and other ground movements, including frost heaving, engineering communications should be carried out taking into account the need to compensate for possible deformations of the foundation in accordance with the requirements established for various engineering networks.
11 Energy saving
11.1 The building, in accordance with the requirements, must be designed and erected in such a way that, while fulfilling the established requirements for the internal microclimate of premises and other living conditions, an efficient and economical use of energy resources is ensured during its operation in accordance with the requirements and while ensuring the parameters of the microclimate of the premises in accordance with GOST 30494 and sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, subject to the set of requirements of SP 50.13330 and SP 60.13330.
11.2 Compliance with the requirements of codes of practice for energy saving is assessed by the thermal characteristics of building envelopes in accordance with the requirements of SP 50.13330 to the heat-protective shell of the building envelope and to the efficiency of engineering systems or by the integrated indicator of the specific heat consumption for heating, ventilation and air conditioning in an apartment building in accordance with SP 60.13330.
11.3 When assessing the energy efficiency of a building based on the thermal performance of its building structures and engineering systems, the requirements of this set of rules are considered fulfilled under the following conditions:
1) the reduced resistance to heat transfer and air permeability of the enclosing structures is not lower than those required by SP 50.13330;
2) heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water supply systems have automatic or manual control;
3) the engineering systems of the building are equipped with metering devices for heat energy, cold and hot water, electricity and gas with centralized supply.
11.4 When assessing the energy efficiency of a building according to the integrated indicator of the specific energy consumption for its heating and ventilation, the requirements of this set of rules are considered fulfilled if the calculated value of the specific energy consumption for maintaining the normalized parameters of the microclimate and air quality in the building does not exceed the maximum permissible standard value. In this case, condition 3) 11.3 must be satisfied.
11.5 In order to achieve optimal technical and economic characteristics of an apartment building and further reduce the specific energy consumption for heating, the following should be envisaged:
The most compact space-planning solutions for multi-apartment buildings, including those contributing to a reduction in the surface area of external walls, an increase in the width of the building body, etc.;
The orientation of the apartment building and its premises in relation to the cardinal points, taking into account the prevailing directions of cold wind and solar radiation fluxes;
Use of effective engineering equipment of the appropriate range of products with increased efficiency;
Utilization of waste air and waste water heat, use of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, etc.);
The use of vertical transport means (elevators, escalators) with an established design assignment with an energy efficiency class in accordance with GOST R 56420.3 for elevators and GOST R 56420.2 for escalators.
If, as a result of these measures, conditions 11.4 are satisfied and a longer cooling time of the building is provided with lower values of the heat transfer resistance of the enclosing structures than is required by SP 50.13330, then it is allowed to accordingly reduce the heat transfer resistance of the enclosing structures in relation to the normalized ones.
The thermal technical characteristics of an apartment building and the energy efficiency class should be entered in the energy passport of an apartment building and subsequently clarified according to the results of operation and taking into account the energy saving measures taken in accordance with.
11.6 In order to control the energy saving of an apartment building according to the normative indicators, the project documentation must contain the section "Measures to ensure compliance with the energy saving requirements and the requirements for equipping buildings, structures and structures with metering devices for the energy resources used". This section should contain: a list of measures to comply with the established requirements for energy conservation, the rationale for the choice of optimal architectural, structural and engineering solutions; a list of energy saving requirements that an apartment building must comply with during commissioning.
** Classification of cities - according to SP 42.13330.
*** The time of the limitation of functioning may be specified by local self-government bodies.
Appendix A
(required)
Rules for determining the area of a building and its premises, building area, number of storeys and construction volume
A.1 Rules for determining the area of a building, area of premises, building area and number of storeys of a building, construction volume
A.1.1 The building area is defined as the area of the horizontal section along the outer contour of the building at the basement level, including protruding parts, including the porch and terraces. The area under the building located on the supports, as well as the driveways under it, are included in the building area.
А.1.2 The area of the building (area of a residential building) is determined within the building volume of the building as the sum of the floor areas.
A.1.3 The floor area of a building is determined inside the building volume of the building and is measured between the inner surfaces of the enclosing structures of the outer walls (in the absence of outer walls - the axes of the outermost columns) at the floor level, excluding skirting boards.
The floor area includes the area of balconies, loggias, terraces and verandas, as well as landings and steps, taking into account their area at the level of this floor.
Floor area does not include the area of openings for elevators and other shafts taken into account on the lower floor.
Underground areas for ventilation of a building, an unexploited attic, a technical underground, a technical attic, non-apartment utilities with vertical (in canals, shafts) and horizontal (in the interfloor space) wiring, as well as vestibules, porticos, porches, outdoor open stairs and ramps to the square buildings are not included.
When calculating the total area of the building, the used roof is equal to the area of the terraces.
A1.4 The area of rooms, premises for auxiliary use and other premises of residential buildings should be determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding skirting boards).
А.1.5 The area occupied by a stove, including a stove with a fireplace, which are included in the heating system of the building, and are not decorative, are not included in the area of rooms and other premises.
А.1.6 The area of non-glazed balconies, loggias, as well as terraces should be determined by their dimensions, measured along the inner contour (between the building wall and the fence), excluding the area occupied by the fence.
The area of public premises located in the volume of a residential building is calculated according to SP 118.13330.
А.1.7 When determining the number of storeys of a building, all above-ground floors are taken into account, including the technical floor, the attic, as well as the basement floor, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m higher than the average planning level of the earth.
When determining the number of floors, all floors are taken into account, including underground, basement, basement, aboveground, technical, attic, etc.
The underground under the building, regardless of its height, as well as the interfloor space and the technical attic with a height of less than 1.8 m, are not included in the number of aboveground floors.
With a different number of floors in different parts of the building, as well as when placing a building on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of storeys is determined separately for each part of the building.
When determining the number of storeys of a building for calculating the number of elevators, the technical floor located above the upper floor is not taken into account.
А.1.8 The construction volume of a residential building is defined as the sum of the construction volume above the mark ± 0, 000 (aboveground part) and below this mark (underground part).
The building volume is determined within the bounding external surfaces with the inclusion of enclosing structures, skylights and other superstructures, starting from the level of the finished floor of the aboveground and underground parts of the building, excluding protruding architectural details and structural elements, canopies, porticos, balconies, terraces, the volume of passages and spaces under the building on supports (clean), ventilated subfields and underground channels.
А.2 Rules for determining the area of apartments, total area of apartments *
A.2.1 The area of apartments is determined as the sum of the areas of all heated rooms (living rooms and auxiliary rooms intended to meet domestic and other needs), excluding unheated rooms (loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces, cold storage rooms and vestibules).
А.2.2 The area under the march of an intra-apartment staircase in an area with a height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding staircase structures of 1, 6 m or less is not included in the area of the room in which the staircase is located.
When determining the area of rooms or rooms located in the attic floor, it is recommended to apply a reduction factor of 0.7 for the area of parts of a room with a ceiling height of 1.6 m - with ceiling tilt angles up to 45 °, and for the area of parts of a room with a ceiling height of 1 , 9 m - from 45 ° and more. The areas of parts of the premises with a height of less than 1, 6 and 1, 9 m at the corresponding angles of inclination of the ceiling are not taken into account. A room height of less than 2.5 m is allowed for no more than 50% of the area of such a room.
А.2.3 The total area of an apartment is the sum of the areas of its heated rooms and premises, built-in wardrobes, as well as unheated rooms, calculated with decreasing coefficients established by the rules of technical inventory.
______________________________
* The area of the apartment and other technical indicators, calculated for the purposes of statistical accounting and technical inventory, are updated upon completion of construction.
Appendix B
(required)
Rules for determining the minimum number of passenger elevators in a residential multi-apartment building
Table B.1
Number of storeys of the building |
Number of lifts |
Carrying capacity, kg |
Speed, |
Largest floor area of apartments, m 2 | |
Notes (edit) 1 The minimum dimensions of an elevator car with a carrying capacity of 630 or 1000 kg should be 2100x1100 mm. 2 The table is compiled on the basis of: 18 m 2 of the total area of the apartment per person, floor height 2, 8 m, lift interval 81-100 s. 3 In residential buildings in which the values of the floor area of apartments, the height of the floor and the total area of the apartment per one resident differ from those adopted in this table, the number, carrying capacity and speed of passenger elevators are set by calculation. 4 In residential buildings with multi-level apartments located on the upper floors, it is allowed to stop passenger elevators on one of the apartment floors. In this case, the number of storeys of the building for calculating the number of elevators is determined by the floor of the upper stop. |
Bibliography
Federal Law of December 30, 2009 N 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures"
Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements"
Federal Law of November 23, 2009 N 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation"
Federal Law of November 30, 1994 N 51-FZ "Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part One"
Federal Law of December 29, 2004 N 190-FZ "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation"
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 N 87 "On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content"
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 28, 2006 N 47 "On Approval of the Regulation on the Recognition of Premises as Residential Premises, Residential Premises Unsuitable for Living and an Apartment Building as Emergency and Subject to Demolition or Reconstruction"
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 N 306 "On Approval of the Rules for Establishing and Determining Standards for the Consumption of Utilities Services"
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 19, 2006 N 20 "On engineering surveys for the preparation of design documentation, construction, reconstruction of capital construction facilities"
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390 "On the fire regime"
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 N 354 "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings"
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 25, 2011 N 18 "On Approval of the Rules for Establishing Energy Efficiency Requirements for Buildings, Structures, Structures and Requirements for the Rules for Determining the Energy Efficiency Class of Apartment Buildings"
Set of rules
Residential multi-apartment buildings.
Updated edition of SNiP 31-01-2003
Introduction date 2011-05-20
Foreword
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the development rules - by the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 "On the procedure for the development and approval of sets of rules ".
Content
1 area of use
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Requirements for apartments and their elements
6 Bearing capacity and permissible deformability of structures
7 Fire safety
7.1 Preventing the spread of fire
7.2 Provision of evacuation
7.3 Fire safety requirements for engineering systems and building equipment
7.4 Providing fire extinguishing and rescue operations
8 Safety in use
9 Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements
10 Durability and maintainability
11 Energy saving
12 Appendix A (normative) Normative documents
13 Appendix B (informative) Terms and definitions
14 Appendix B (normative) Rules for determining the area of a building and its premises, building area, number of storeys and construction volume
15 Appendix D (normative) Minimum number of passenger lifts
Bibliography
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules applies to the design and construction of newly constructed and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings with a height of 1 to
75 sq.
1.2 The set of rules does not apply to: blocked residential buildings designed in accordance with the requirements of SP 55.13330, in which premises belonging to different apartments are not located one above the other, and only the walls between neighboring blocks are common, as well as mobile residential buildings.
The set of rules does not apply to residential premises of the mobile fund and others specified in paragraphs 2) - 7) of part 1 of Article 92 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
1.3 The set of rules does not regulate the conditions for occupying a building and the form of ownership of it, its apartments and individual premises.
1.4 For residential buildings with a height of more than 75 m, these rules should be followed when designing apartments.
1.5 When changing the functional purpose of individual rooms or parts of a residential building during operation, or during reconstruction, the rules of the current regulatory documents must be applied that correspond to the new designation of parts of the building or individual rooms, but do not contradict the rules of this document.
2 Normative references
The normative documents that are referenced in the text of this set of rules are given in Appendix A.
Note - When using this joint venture, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards" , which is published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the reference document is replaced (changed), then when using this joint venture, one should be guided by the replaced (changed) document. If the referenced material is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the link to it is given applies in the part that does not affect this link.
1The height of the building is determined by the difference between the elevations of the passage surface for fire engines and the lower border of the opening (window) in the outer wall of the upper floor, including the attic. In this case, the upper technical floor is not taken into account.
Official edition
3 Terms and definitions
In this set of rules, the terms and their definitions are adopted, given in Appendix B.
4 General
4.1 The construction of residential buildings must be carried out according to the working documentation in accordance with the project documentation approved in the prescribed manner, as well as with the requirements of this set of rules and other regulatory documents establishing the rules for design and construction, on the basis of a building permit. The composition of the design documentation must comply with the list (composition) specified in clause 12 of Article 48 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. The rules for determining the area of a building and its premises, building area, number of storeys, number of floors and construction volume during design are given in Appendix B.
4.2 The location of a residential building, the distance from it to other buildings and structures, the size of land plots near the house, established in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 6 of Article 48 of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements, as well as SP 42.13330, must be ensured by the existing sanitary and fire safety requirements for residential buildings. The number of storeys and lengths of buildings are determined by the planning project. When determining the number of storeys and the length of residential buildings in seismic areas, the requirements of SP 14.13330 and SP 42.13330 should be met.
4.2a The project of the land plot at the house should be carried out on the basis of:
1) urban planning plan of the land plot;
2) the results of engineering surveys;
3) technical conditions for connecting a residential building to engineering networks.
4.3 During the design and construction of a residential building, conditions for the life of people with limited mobility must be ensured, the accessibility of the site, building and apartments for disabled people and elderly people using wheelchairs, if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is established in the design assignment ...
Specialized apartment buildings for the elderly should be designed no higher than nine floors, for families with disabled people - no higher than five. In other types of residential buildings, apartments for families with disabilities should be located, as a rule, on the ground floors.
In residential buildings of state and municipal housing stock, the share of apartments for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the life of people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups of the population should be provided taking into account local conditions and the requirements of SP 59.13330. Two-way traffic of wheelchair users should be
provide only in specialized residential buildings for the elderly and for families with disabilities. In this case, the width of the corridors must be taken at least 1.8 m.
4.4 The project should include instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house, which should contain data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: hidden wiring diagrams, locations ventilation ducts, other elements of the building and its equipment, in respect of which construction activities should not be carried out by residents and tenants during operation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.
4.4a Redevelopment and reconstruction of apartments must be carried out in accordance with the rules of Article 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
4.5 Residential buildings should provide for: household and drinking and hot water supply, sewerage and drainage systems in accordance with SP 30.13330 and SP 31.13330; heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SP 60.13330. Fire-fighting water supply, smoke protection should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 10.13130 and SP 7.13130.
4.6 In residential buildings, electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephony, radio, television antennas and ringing alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments, rescue equipment, fire protection systems should be provided in accordance with with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as other engineering systems provided for by the design assignment.
4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of collective reception antennas and racks of wire broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.
4.8 Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor elevation of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor elevation of the first floor by 12 m.
The minimum number of passenger elevators, which must be equipped with residential buildings of various storeys, is given in Appendix D.
The cabin of one of the elevators should be 2,100 cm deep or wide (depending on the layout) to accommodate a person on a sanitary stretcher.
The width of the car doors of one of the elevators must ensure the passage of a wheelchair.
It is recommended to provide elevators for the superstructure of existing 5-storey residential buildings. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop on the built-up floor.
In residential buildings in which, on floors above the first, it is planned to accommodate apartments for families with disabled people using wheelchairs for movement, as well as in specialized residential buildings for the elderly and for families with disabled people, passenger elevators or lifting platforms should be provided in accordance with the requirements SP 59.13330, GOST R 51630, GOST R 51631
and GOST R 53296.
4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of an elevator for transporting a patient on an ambulance stretcher and be at least, m:
1.5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;
2.1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.
With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall must be at least, m:
1.8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;
2.5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.
4.10 In the basement, basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and largest cities1 on the third floor), it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.
It is not allowed to post:
specialized stores of mosquito-chemical and other goods, the operation of which can lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings; premises, including stores with storage of liquefied gases, flammable and combustible liquids, explosives that can explode and burn when interacting with water, air oxygen or with each other, goods in aerosol packaging, pyrotechnic products;
shops selling synthetic carpets, auto parts, tires and car oils;
specialized fish shops; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale (or small-scale wholesale) trade, except for warehouse premises that are part of public institutions that have emergency exits isolated from the escape routes of the residential part of the building (this rule does not apply to built-in parking lots);
all enterprises, as well as shops with a mode of operation after 23:00; consumer services enterprises that use flammable substances (except for hairdressing salons and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m2); baths;
catering and leisure enterprises with more than 50 seats, with a total area of more than
250 m2 all businesses operating with musical accompaniment, including discos, dance studios, theaters and casinos;
laundries and dry cleaners (except for reception centers and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of more than 100 m2; public toilets, institutions and funeral shops; built-in and attached transformer substations;
industrial premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including: points for issuing work to home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, substations of ambulance and emergency medical care; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric doctor's offices; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;
1 Classification of cities - according to SP 42.13330.
2 The time of the restriction of functioning may be specified by local self-government bodies.
X-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation exceeding the permissible level established by sanitary and epidemiological rules, veterinary clinics and offices.
Stores selling synthetic carpets are allowed to be attached to blind areas of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.
4.11 It is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and liquefied gases, explosives in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings; premises for the stay of children; cinemas, conference rooms and other halls with more than 50 seats, saunas, as well as medical and preventive institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, the restrictions established in 4.10 of this document and in Appendix D of SNiP 31-06 should also be taken into account.
4.12 Loading of public premises from the side of the courtyard of the residential building, where the windows of the living rooms of the apartments and the entrances to the residential part of the building are located, in order to protect residents from noise and exhaust gases is not allowed.
Loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be performed: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels; from the side of highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public premises up to 150 m2.
4.13 On the top floor of residential buildings, it is allowed to place workshops for artists and architects, as well as office (office) premises with no more than 5 people working in each, while taking into account the requirements of 7.2.15 of this set of rules.
It is allowed to place office premises in superstructured attic floors in buildings of at least II degree of fire resistance and a height of no more than 28 m.
4.14 In accordance with clause 2 of article 17 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, it is allowed to place premises in apartments for professional activities or individual entrepreneurial activities. As part of
apartments are allowed to provide reception rooms for one or two doctors (in agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service); massage room for one specialist.
It is allowed to provide additional premises for a family kindergarten for a group of no more than 10 people. in apartments with two-sided orientation, located not higher than the 2nd floor in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance, provided these apartments are provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety and if it is possible to arrange playgrounds in the local area.
4.15 When arranging built-in or built-in-attached parking lots in residential buildings, the requirements of SP 2.13130 and SP 4.13130 should be observed.
4.16 On the operated roof of apartment buildings, roofs of built-in and attached public premises, as well as at the entrance zone, on outside terraces and verandas, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (first and intermediate), it is allowed to place sites for various purposes for residents of these buildings, including: sports grounds for the recreation of adults, areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium. In this case, the distances from the windows of residential premises overlooking the roof to the indicated sites should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 42.13330 for ground sites of a similar purpose.
5 Requirements for apartments and their elements
5.1 Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions of their settlement by one family.
5.2 In buildings of state and municipal housing stock, housing stock for social use * the minimum size of apartments by the number of rooms and their area (excluding the area of balconies, terraces, verandas, loggias, cold storerooms and side vestibules) is recommended to be taken in accordance with Table 5.1. The number of rooms and the area of apartments for specific regions and cities is specified by local government bodies, taking into account demographic requirements, the achieved level of housing provision for the population and resource provision of housing construction.
In residential buildings of other forms of ownership, the composition of the premises and the area of apartments are established by the customer-developer in the design assignment.
Table 5. one
5.3 In apartments provided to citizens in buildings of state and municipal housing stock, housing stock for social use, living quarters (rooms) and utility rooms should be provided: a kitchen (or a kitchen-niche), a front room, a bathroom (or shower) and a toilet (or a combined bathroom). ), pantry (or utility built-in wardrobe).
5.3а The composition of apartments for individual housing stock *, housing stock for commercial use is determined in the design assignment, taking into account the rules 5.3.
5.4 A ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and shoes is provided for the construction of a residential building in IA, IB, IG and IIA climatic subareas.
Loggias and balconies should be provided: in apartments of houses being built in climatic regions III and IV, in apartments for families with disabled people, in other types of apartments and other climatic regions - taking into account fire safety requirements and unfavorable conditions.
Unfavorable conditions for the design of balconies and non-glazed loggias:
in climatic regions I and II - a combination of average monthly air temperature and average monthly wind speed in July: 12 - 16 ° С and more than 5 m / s; 8 - 12 ° C and 4 - 5 m / s;
4 - 8 ° C and 4 m / s; below 4 ° С at any wind speed;
noise from highways or industrial areas 75 dB or more at a distance of 2 m from the facade of a residential building (except for noise-proof residential buildings);
* According to article 19 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the concentration of dust in the air is 1.5 mg / m3 or more for 15 days or more during the period of three summer months, while it should be borne in mind that the loggias can be glazed.
5.5 The placement of apartments and living rooms in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
5.6 The dimensions of living rooms and premises for auxiliary use of an apartment are determined depending on the required set of pieces of furniture and equipment, placed taking into account the requirements of ergonomics.
5.7 In the apartments specified in 5.3, the area must be at least: a total living room in a one-room apartment - 14 m2, a common living room in apartments with two or more rooms - 16 m2, bedrooms - 8 m2 (10 m2 - for two people ); kitchens - 8 m2; kitchen area in the kitchen - dining room - 6 m2. In one-room apartments, it is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches with an area of at least 5 m2.
The area of the bedroom and kitchen in the attic floor (or a floor with sloped enclosing structures) is allowed at least 7 m2, provided that the total living room has an area of at least 16 m2.
5.8 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living rooms and a kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - at least 2.5 m ...
The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front halls, mezzanines (and under them) is determined by the safety conditions for the movement of people and should be at least 2.1 m.
In living rooms and kitchens of apartments located in the attic floor (or upper floors with inclined enclosing structures), a lower ceiling height is allowed relative to the standardized one for an area not exceeding 50%.
5.9 Common living rooms in 2-, 3- and 4-room apartments of the housing stock buildings specified in 5.3, and bedrooms in all apartments should be designed as non-passable.
5.10 The apartments specified in 5.3 must be equipped with: kitchen - sink or sink, as well as a stove for cooking; bathroom - bath (or shower) and washbasin; toilet - a toilet bowl with a flush cistern; combined bathroom - bath (or shower), washbasin and toilet. In other apartments the composition
equipment - installed by the customer-developer.
The arrangement of a combined bathroom is allowed in one-room apartments of houses of state housing stock, housing stock for social use, in other apartments, as well as in apartments of private and individual housing stock - according to a design assignment.
6 Bearing capacity and permissible deformability of structures
6.1 The foundations and supporting structures of the building must be designed and erected in such a way that during its construction and under the design operating conditions, the possibility of:
destruction or damage to structures leading to the need to terminate the operation of the building;
unacceptable deterioration of the operational properties of structures or the building as a whole due to deformations or cracking.
6.2 The structures and foundations of the building must be designed to withstand constant loads from the dead weight of the supporting and enclosing structures; temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors; snow and wind loads for a given construction area. The standard values of the listed loads, taking into account the unfavorable combinations of loads or the corresponding forces, the limiting values of deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values of the safety factors for loads should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 20.13330.
When calculating the structures and foundations of buildings, the additional requirements of the customer-developer specified in the design assignment should also be taken into account, for example, for the placement of fireplaces, heavy equipment for public premises built into a residential building; for fastening heavy elements of interior equipment to walls and ceilings.
6.3 Methods for calculating their bearing capacity and permissible deformability used in the design of structures must meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents for structures made of appropriate materials.
When placing buildings in the undermined area, on subsidence soils, in seismic regions, as well as in other difficult geological conditions, additional requirements of the relevant codes of practice should be taken into account.
6.4 The foundations of the building should be designed taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils provided for in SP 22.13330, SP 24.13330 (for permafrost soils - in SP 25.13330), the characteristics of the hydrogeological regime at the construction site, as well as the degree of aggressiveness of soils and groundwater in relation to foundations and underground engineering networks and must ensure the necessary uniformity of the foundation settlement under the building elements.
6.5 When calculating a building with a height of more than 40 m for a wind load, in addition to the strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions on the parameters of oscillations of the floors of the upper floors, due to the requirements for living comfort, must be provided.
6.6 In the event that additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of a residential building arise during the reconstruction, its supporting and enclosing structures, as well as the basement soils, must be checked for these loads and effects in accordance with the current documents, regardless of the physical deterioration of the structures.
In this case, one should take into account the actual bearing capacity of the base soils as a result of their changes during the period of operation, as well as the increase in the strength of concrete in concrete and reinforced concrete structures over time.
6.7 When reconstructing a residential building, it is necessary to take into account changes in its structural scheme that occur during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings, additional to the original design solution, as well as the impact of the repair of structures or their reinforcement).
6.8 During the reconstruction of residential buildings with a change in the location of the sanitary
technical units, appropriate additional measures should be taken for hydro, noise and vibration isolation, as well as, if necessary, reinforcement of the floors, on which the installation of the equipment of these sanitary units is envisaged.
7 Fire safety
7.1 Preventing the spread of fire
7.1.1 Fire safety of buildings should be ensured in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements, SP 2.13130 and SP 4.13130 for residential buildings and apartment-type dormitories of functional fire hazard, respectively F1.3, F1.2 and the rules established in this document for specially stipulated cases, and during operation in accordance with.
7.1.2 The permissible height of the building and the floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard according to Table 7.1.
Table 7. one
Degree fire resistance of the building |
Building constructive fire hazard class |
The highest permissible building height, m |
The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m2 |
I | C0 | 75 | 2500 |
II |
C0 C1 |
50 28 |
2500 2200 |
III |
C0 C1 |
28 15 |
1800 1800 |
5 |
800 |
||
V |
Not standardized | 5 3 |
500 800 |
Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated extensions should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building. |
7.1.3 Buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance are allowed to be built on one attic floor with load-bearing elements having a fire resistance limit of at least R45 and fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings set in Table 7.1, but located no higher than 75 m. the structures of this floor must meet the requirements for the structures of the building to be built.
When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided to ensure the specified requirements.
7.1.4 The structures of the galleries in the gallery houses must comply with the requirements adopted for the floors of these buildings.
7.1.5 In buildings of I, II degrees of fire resistance, to ensure the required fire resistance of the load-bearing elements of the building, only structural
fire protection.
7.1.6 Load-bearing elements of two-storey buildings of IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance limit of at least R 30.
7.1.7 Intersectional, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating the non-apartment corridors, halls and vestibules from other premises, must comply with the requirements set out in Table 7.1a.
Intersectional and inter-apartment walls and partitions must be deaf and comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements.
7.1.8 The limit of fire resistance of interior partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of interior wardrobes, collapsible and sliding partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of other interior rooms, including those with doors, must comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements.
Table 7.1a
Fencing structure |
The minimum limit of fire resistance and the permissible class of fire hazard of the structure for the building of the degree of fire resistance and class of constructive fire hazard |
||
I - III, C 0 and C 1 | IV, C0 and C 1 | IV, C2 | |
Intersectional wall | REI 45, K0 | REI 45, K0 | REI 45, K1 |
Intersectional partition | EI 45, K0 | EI 45, K0 | EI 30, K1 |
Interroom wall | REI 30, K0 * | REI 15, K0 * | REI 15, K1 |
Partition between apartments | EI 30, K0 * | E I 1 5, K0 * | EI 15, K1 |
The wall separating the corridors outside the apartment from other premises | REI 45, K0 * | REI 15, K0 * | REI 15, K1 ** |
Partition separating outside corridors from other rooms schenii |
EI 45, K0 * | EI 15, K0 * | EI 15, K1 ** |
* For buildings of class C1, K1 is allowed. ** For buildings of class C2, K2 is allowed. |
7.1.9 Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings of the II degree of fire resistance with a height of up to 5 floors inclusive, as well as in buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance, are allowed to be designed with non-standardized fire resistance and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor (including the technical corridor for laying communications) of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be type 1 fire protection.
7.1.10 Technical, basement, basement floors and attics should be divided by type 1 fire partitions into compartments with an area of not more than 500 m2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - in sections.
7.1.11 Fences of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more (hereinafter - the modified version): as well as external sun protection in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with a height of 5 floors or more must be made of non-combustible materials NG.
7.1.12 Public premises built into residential buildings should be separated from the premises of the residential part by blank fire walls, partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance limit of at least REI 45, or EI 45, respectively, and in buildings of I degree of fire resistance - with type 2 ceilings.
7.1.13 The waste collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and be distinguished by fire partitions and ceilings with fire resistance limits of at least REI 60 and fire hazard class K0.
7.1.14 The roof, rafters and lathing of attic coverings may be made of combustible materials. In buildings with attics (with the exception of buildings of the V degree of fire resistance), when constructing rafters and lathing made of combustible materials, roofs made of combustible materials are not allowed, and rafters and lathing should be subjected to fire retardant treatment. With the constructive protection of these structures, they should not contribute to the latent propagation of combustion.
7.1.15 The covering of the built-in and attached part must meet the requirements for an attic roof, and its roof - the requirements for the operated roof of SP 17.13330. In buildings of I - III degrees of fire resistance, the operation of such coatings is allowed, subject to the rules established in 4.16 and 8.11 of this SP. In this case, the fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures must be at least REI 45, and the fire hazard class K0.
If there are windows in a residential building that are oriented towards the built-in and attached part of the building, the level of the roof at the junctions should not exceed the floor level above the residential premises of the main part of the building.
7.1.16 Storage rooms or groups of solid fuel storage rooms are allowed in the basement or first floor. They should be separated from other rooms by type 1 deaf fire partitions and type 3 ceilings. The exit from these pantries should be directly outside.
7.2 Provision of evacuation
7.2.1 The greatest distances from the doors of apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken according to table 7.2.
Table 7. 2
In a section of a residential building, when leaving apartments in a corridor (hall) that does not have a window opening at the end, the distance from the door of the most distant apartment to the exit directly to the staircase or exit to the vestibule or elevator walk-through hall leading to the air zone of the smoke-free staircase, should not exceed 12 m, if there is a window opening or smoke exhaust in the corridor (hall), this distance can be taken according to table 7.2 as for a dead-end corridor.
7.2.2 The width of the corridor should be at least, m: with its length between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the stairs up to 40 m - 1.4, over 40 m - 1.6, the width of the gallery - at least 1.2 m. separated by partitions with doors with fire resistance EI 30, equipped with shutters and located at a distance of no more than 30 m from one another and from the ends of the corridor.
7.2.3 It is allowed to provide glazed doors in staircases and lift halls, with reinforced glass. Other types of impact-resistant glazing may be used.
7.2.4 The number of emergency exits from the floor and the type of staircases should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 1.13130.
7.2.5 In residential buildings with a height of less than 28 m, designed for placement in climatic region IV and climatic subregion IIIB, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible materials instead of staircases.
7.2.6 In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type, with a total area of apartments on the floor of up to 500 m2, it is allowed to provide access to one staircase of type H1 with a building height of more than 28 m or type L1 with a building height less than 28 m, provided that at the ends corridors (galleries), there are exits to external stairs of the 3rd type, leading to the floor level of the second floor. When placing the specified staircases at the end of the building, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).
7.2.7 When the superstructure of existing buildings up to 28 m high with one floor, it is allowed to preserve the existing staircase of type L1, provided that the superstructure is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 1.13130.
7.2.8 With a total area of apartments on the floor of more than 500 m2, evacuation must be carried out in at least two stairwells (normal or smoke-free).
In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the floor from 500 to 550 m2, it is allowed to arrange one emergency exit from the apartments:
if the height of the upper floor is not more than 28 m - into an ordinary staircase, provided that the front ones in the apartments are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors;
if the height of the upper floor is more than 28 m - in one smoke-free staircase, provided that all apartment premises (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers and laundry rooms) are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors or automatic fire extinguishing.
7.2.9 For a multi-level apartment, it is allowed not to provide an exit to the staircase from each floor, provided that the premises of the apartment are not higher than 18 m and the floor of the apartment, which does not have a direct exit to the staircase, is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements. Technical regulations on fire safety requirements. The inside staircase is allowed to be made of wood.
7.2.10 The passage to the outer air zone of the staircase of type H1 is allowed through the lift hall, while the arrangement of lift shafts and doors in them must be made in accordance with the requirements. Technical Regulations on Requirements
fire safety and SP 4.13130.
7.2.11 In buildings with a height of up to 50 m with a total area of apartments on the section floor of up to 500 m2, an emergency exit may be provided to a staircase of type H2 or H3 when one of the elevators is installed in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments and meets the requirements. GOST R 53296. In this case, the exit to the staircase H2 should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the staircase, elevator shafts, vestibules and lobbies should be type 2 fire-prevention.
7.2.12 In sectional houses with a height of more than 28 m, the exit outside from smoke-free staircases (type H1) may be arranged through the lobby (in the absence of exits to it from the parking lot and public premises), separated from the adjoining corridors by type 1 fire partitions with fire protection doors of the 2nd type. In this case, the communication of the staircase of the H1 type with the vestibule must be arranged through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the first floor with a metal grating. On the way from the apartment to the staircase H1, there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.
7.2.13 In a building with a height of three floors and more, exits from the basement, basement floors and technical underground should be located at least 100 m apart and should not be connected to the stairwells of the residential part of the building.
Exits from basements and basement floors may be arranged through the staircase of the residential part, taking into account the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 1.13130. Exits from technical floors should be provided in accordance with SP 1.13130.
Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building may be carried out through common staircases, and in buildings with H1 staircases - through the air zone.
7.2.14 When arranging emergency exits from the attic floors to the roof, it is necessary to provide platforms and walkways with a fence in accordance with GOST 25772, leading to the stairs of the third type and stairs P2.
7.2.15 Public premises should have entrances and emergency exits, isolated from the residential part of the building.
When located on the upper floor of the workshops of artists and architects, as well as office premises, it is allowed to accept staircases of the residential part of the building as emergency exits, while the communication of the floor with the staircase should be provided through a vestibule with fire doors. The door in the vestibule, overlooking the staircase, should be provided with opening only from the inside of the room.
It is allowed to arrange one evacuation exit from the premises of public institutions located on the first and basement floors with a total area of no more than 300 m2 and the number of employees no more than 15 people.
7.3 Fire safety requirements for engineering systems and building equipment
7.3.1 Smoke protection of buildings should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements, SP 60.13330 and SP 7.13130.
7.3.2 If ventilation units for air supply and smoke removal are located in ventilation chambers, fenced off by type 1 fire partitions, then these chambers must be separate. The opening of the valves and the switching on of the fans should be provided automatically from sensors installed in the hallways of apartments, in outside corridors or halls, in the rooms of concierges, as well as remotely from the buttons installed on each floor in the cabinets of fire hydrants.
7.3.3 Protection of buildings with automatic fire alarms should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 5.13130. If there is an automatic fire alarm in the building, smoke detectors should be installed in the concierge room, in outside corridors and waste collection chambers.
Thermal fire detectors installed in the hallways of apartments in buildings with a height of more than 28 m must have a response temperature of no more than 54 ° C.
Living quarters of apartments and dormitories (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers, laundry rooms, saunas) should be equipped with autonomous smoke detectors that meet the requirements.
7.3.4 The fire warning system must be implemented in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 3.13130
7.3.5 Intra-house and intra-apartment electrical networks must be equipped with residual current devices (RCDs) in accordance with and in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 6.13130.
7.3.6 Gas supply systems for residential buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 62.13330.
7.3.7 Heating systems for residential buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.
7.3.8 Heat generators, cooking and heating furnaces operating on solid fuels may be provided in residential buildings up to two floors inclusive (excluding the basement).
7.3.9 Heat generators, including stoves and fireplaces for solid fuels, hobs and chimneys must be carried out with the implementation of constructive measures in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.
7.3.10 The waste collection chamber should be protected throughout the entire area with sprinkler sprinklers. The section of the sprinkler distribution pipeline must be circular, connected to the building's drinking water supply network and have thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials. The cell door must be insulated.
7.3.11 In two-storey buildings of the V degree of fire resistance with the number of apartments four or more, in the distribution (input) switchboards of these buildings, it is necessary to provide for the installation of self-operating fire extinguishers.
7.3.12 The location of elevators, the limit of fire resistance of the structures of elevator shafts, elevator halls and the engine room should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements and SP 4.13130.
7.3.13 When designing saunas in apartments of multi-apartment buildings (except for blocked ones), it is necessary to provide for:
steam room volume - in the range from 8 to 24 m3;
a special factory-made furnace for heating with automatic shutdown when the temperature reaches 130 ° C, as well as after 8 hours of continuous operation;
placing this stove at a distance of at least 0.2 m from the walls of the steam room;
installation of a fireproof heat-insulating shield over the stove;
equipping the ventilation duct with a fire damper in accordance with SP 60.13330 and SP 7. 13130;
equipment with a drencher or dry pipe connected to the internal water supply outside the steam room.
The diameter of the dry pipe is determined based on the irrigation intensity of at least 0.06 l / s per 1 m2 of the wall surface, the angle of inclination of the water jet to the surface of the partitions 20 - 30 ° C and the presence of holes in the dry pipe with a diameter of 3 - 5 mm, located with a step of 150 - 200 mm ...
7.4 Providing fire extinguishing and rescue operations
7.4.1 The provision of fire extinguishing and rescue operations should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety.
The clear width and height of through passages in buildings should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements.
7.4.2 In each compartment (section) of the basement or basement floor, separated by fire barriers, at least two windows with dimensions of at least 0.9 1.2 m with pits should be provided. The area of the skylight of these windows must be taken by calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the floor area of these rooms. The dimensions of the pit should allow the supply of a fire extinguishing agent from the foam generator and the removal of smoke using a smoke exhauster (the distance from the building wall to the boundary of the pit should be at least 0.7 m).
7.4.3 In the transverse walls of basements and technical subfields of large-panel buildings, openings with a height of 1.6 m in the clear are allowed. In this case, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.3 m.
7.4.4 Fire-fighting water supply should be carried out in accordance with SP 8.13130 and SP 10. 13130.
In buildings with a height of up to 50 m, instead of an internal fire-fighting water supply, it is allowed to provide for the device of dry pipes with branch pipes with valves and connecting heads brought out to the outside for connecting fire trucks. The connecting heads must be placed on the facade in a place convenient for the installation of at least two fire trucks at a height of 0.8 - 1.2 m.
7.4.5 On the utility-drinking water supply network in each apartment, a separate tap with a diameter of at least 15 mm should be provided for connecting a hose equipped with a sprayer, for use as a primary device for in-house fire extinguishing to eliminate the source of fire. The length of the hose should provide the ability to supply water to any point in the apartment.
7.4.6 In residential buildings (in sectional buildings - in each section) with a height of more than 50 m, one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments and comply with the requirements of GOST R 53296.
8 Safety in use
8.1 A residential building should be designed, erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury to residents when moving inside and around the house, when entering and leaving the house, as well as when using its elements and engineering equipment.
8.2 The slope and width of staircases and ramps, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the stairways, the basement, the operated attic, as well as the dimensions of the doorways should ensure the convenience and safety of movement and the ability to move equipment items of the corresponding premises of the apartments and built-in in the building of public premises. The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken in accordance with Table 8.1.
Table 8. one
The height of the differences in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. Where necessary, handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of lifts in one flight of stairs or at a difference in levels must be at least 3 and no more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In multi-level apartments, intra-apartment staircases are allowed spiral or with run-in steps, while the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 18 cm.
8.3 The height of fences for external staircases and landings, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops should be at least 1.2 m. Staircases and platforms for internal stairs should have fences with handrails at least 0.9 m high.
The barriers must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to withstand horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN / m.
8.4 Constructive solutions for the elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, the arrangement of ventilation openings, the placement of thermal insulation, etc.) must provide for protection against rodent penetration.
8.5 The engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the regulatory documents of the state supervision authorities and the instructions of the instructions of the equipment manufacturers.
8.6 Engineering equipment and instruments in case of possible seismic effects should be securely fixed.
8.7 In apartments on the upper floor or at any level of a multi-level apartment located last in height in residential buildings of I – III degrees of fire resistance of class CO, C1, it is allowed to install solid fuel fireplaces with autonomous chimneys in accordance with the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements, SP 60.13330, SP 7.13130.
8.8 In a residential building and on the adjacent territory, measures should be provided to reduce the risks of criminal manifestations and their consequences, to help protect people living in a residential building and minimize possible damage in the event of illegal actions. These measures are set in the design assignment in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of local authorities and may include the use of explosion-proof structures, the installation of intercoms, video surveillance, combination locks, security alarm systems, protective structures of window openings in the first, basement and upper floors, in the pits of basements , as well as entrance doors leading to the basement, to the attic and, if necessary, to other rooms.
General security systems (television control, burglar alarms, etc.) must protect fire-fighting equipment from unauthorized access and vandalism.
Measures aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations should be supplemented at the operational stage.
8.8а If the project provides for a concierge room (or security room), its placement should provide a visual overview of the door leading from the vestibule to the lobby, and in the absence of a lobby, an overview of the passages to the elevators and stairwell. At the security premises, a bathroom equipped with a toilet and a sink should be arranged. The specified room can be without natural light.
8.9 In individual residential buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be designed in accordance with the instructions of SNiP II-11.
8.10 Lightning protection is designed in accordance with the requirements.
8.11 On the operated roofs of residential buildings, it is necessary to ensure the safety of their use by installing appropriate fences, protecting ventilation outlets and other engineering devices located on the roof, as well as, if necessary, noise protection of the downstream premises.
On the operated roofs of built-in and attached public premises, as well as at the entrance area, on summer non-apartment premises, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (first and intermediate) used for the construction of sports grounds for recreation of adult residents of the house , areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium, the necessary safety measures should be provided (arrangement of fences and measures to protect ventilation outlets).
8.12 The switchboard room, premises for head-end stations (HS), technical centers (TC) of cable television, sound transformer substations (ZTP), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, toilets, etc. .).
8.13 The premises of the HS, shopping center, ZTP should have entrances directly from the street; the electrical control room (including for communication equipment, automated control systems, dispatching and television) must have an entrance directly from the street or from a floor-by-floor corridor (hall); to the place of installation of SRT, the approach must also be from the specified corridor.
8.14 Design and installation of electrical installations of buildings must comply with the requirements of SP 31-110, SP 6.13130, SNiP 3.05.06,.
9 Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements
9.1 When designing and constructing residential buildings in accordance with this set of rules, measures should be provided to ensure the fulfillment of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental requirements for protecting human health and the environment.
9.2 The design parameters of the air in the premises of a residential building should be taken according to SP 60.13330 and taking into account the optimal standards of GOST 30494. The air exchange rate in the premises in the service mode should be taken in accordance with Table 9.1.
Table 9. one
Premises |
Air exchange rate |
Bedroom, common, children's room with a total area of an apartment for one person less than 20 m2 The same, with the total area of the apartment for one person more than 20 m2 Pantry, linen, dressing room Kitchen with electric stove A room with gas-using equipment A room with heat generators with a total heating capacity of up to 50 kW: with an open combustion chamber with a closed combustion chamber Bathroom, shower, toilet, combined bathroom Elevator engine room Waste collection chamber |
3 m3 / h per 1 m2 of living space 30 m3 / h per person, but not less than 0.35 h-1 0.2 h – 1 100 m3 / h ** |
* Air exchange rate should be determined by the total volume of the apartment. ** When installing a gas stove, air exchange should be increased by 100 m3 / h. Note - The air exchange rate in rooms for other purposes should be assigned according to SNiP 31-06 and SP 60.13330. |
9.3 When calculating the thermal engineering of the enclosing structures of residential buildings, the internal air temperature of the heated premises should be at least 20 ° С, relative humidity - 50%.
9.4 The heating and ventilation system of the building must be designed to ensure the indoor air temperature during the heating period within the optimal parameters established by GOST 30494, with the design parameters of the outdoor air for the corresponding construction areas.
When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must be ensured even in the warm season.
In buildings erected in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature of minus 40 ° C and below, heating of the surface of the floors of living rooms and kitchens, as well as public premises with the constant presence of people located above cold undergrounds, should be provided, or heat protection should be provided in accordance with requirements of SP 50.13330.
9.5 The ventilation system must maintain the cleanliness (quality) of air in the premises and the uniformity of its distribution.
Ventilation can be:
with natural inflow and removal of air;
with mechanical induction of air inflow and removal, including combined with air heating;
combined with natural inflow and removal of air with partial use of mechanical stimulation.
9.6 In living rooms and kitchens, the air flow is provided through adjustable window sashes, transoms, vents, valves or other devices, including autonomous wall air dampers with adjustable opening. apartments designed for climatic regions III and IV must be provided with horizontal through or corner ventilation within the area of apartments, as well as vertical ventilation through shafts in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.
9.7 Air removal should be provided from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms
and, if necessary, from other rooms of the apartments, while it is necessary to provide for the installation of adjustable ventilation grilles and valves on the exhaust ducts and air ducts.
Air from rooms in which harmful substances or unpleasant odors can be emitted must be removed directly outside and not enter other rooms of the building, including through ventilation ducts.
Combining ventilation ducts from kitchens, toilets, bathrooms (showers), combined lavatories, food storage rooms with ventilation ducts from rooms with gas-powered equipment and parking lots is not allowed.
9.8 Ventilation of built-in public premises, other than those specified in 4.14, must be autonomous.
9.9 In buildings with a warm attic, air removal from the attic should be provided through one exhaust shaft for each section of the house with a shaft height of at least 4.5 m from the ceiling above the last floor.
9.10 In the outer walls of basements, technical underground floors and a cold attic that do not have exhaust ventilation, air vents with a total area of at least 1/400 of the floor area of the technical underground or basement should be provided, evenly spaced along the perimeter of the outer walls. The area of one vent must be at least 0.05 m2.
9.11 The duration of insolation of apartments (premises) of a residential building should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076 and SanPiN 2.1.2.2645.
The standardized duration of insolation must be ensured: in one-, two- and three-room apartments - in at least one living room; in four-room apartments and more - in at least two living rooms.
9.12 Natural lighting should have living rooms and kitchens (except for kitchens), public premises built into residential buildings, except for premises, the placement of which is allowed in basement floors according to SNiP 31-06.
9.13 The ratio of the area of light openings to the floor area of living rooms and kitchens should be taken not more than 1: 5.5 and not less than 1: 8; for upper floors with light openings in the plane of inclined enclosing structures - at least 1:10, taking into account the lighting characteristics of windows and shading by opposing buildings.
9.14 Natural lighting is not standardized for rooms and rooms located under the mezzanine in double-height rooms; laundry rooms, storage rooms, dressing rooms, bathrooms, toilets, combined sanitary facilities; front and intra-apartment corridors and halls; apartment lobbies, floor corridors outside the apartment, lobbies and halls.
9.15 Normalized indicators of natural and artificial lighting of various premises should be established in accordance with SP 52.13330. Illumination at building entrances must be at least 6 lux for horizontal surfaces and at least 10 lux for vertical (up to 2 m) surfaces.
9.16 When illuminated through skylights in the outer walls of common corridors, their length should not exceed: if there is a skylight at one end - 24 m, at two ends - 48 m.
additional natural light through light pockets. The distance between two light pockets should be no more than 24 m, and between the light pocket and the light opening at the end of the corridor - no more than 30 m. The width of the light pocket, which can serve as a staircase, should be at least 1.5 m. a pocket is allowed to illuminate corridors up to 12 m long, located on both sides of it.
9.17 In buildings designed for construction in the III climatic region, skylights in living rooms and kitchens, and in the IV climatic sub-region also in loggias, must be equipped with adjustable sun protection within the sector
200-290 °. In two-story buildings, it is allowed to provide sun protection with means of landscaping.
9.18 The external enclosing structures of the building must have thermal insulation, insulation from the penetration of external cold air and vapor barrier from the diffusion of water vapor from the premises, ensuring:
the required temperature and the absence of moisture condensation on the internal surfaces of structures inside the premises;
preventing the accumulation of excess moisture in structures.
The temperature difference between the internal air and the surface of the external wall structures at the design temperature of the internal air must comply with the requirements of SP 50.13330.
9.19 In climatic regions I - III, at all external entrances to residential buildings (except for entrances from the external air zone to a smoke-free staircase), vestibules with a depth of at least 1.5 m should be provided.
Double vestibules at the entrances to residential buildings (except for entrances from the external air zone to the smoke-free staircase) should be designed depending on the number of storeys of buildings and the area of their construction in accordance with Table 9.2.
Table 9. 2
9.20 The premises of the building must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt and ground water and possible domestic water leaks from engineering systems by constructive means and technical devices.
9.21 Roofs should be designed, as a rule, with an organized drain. It is allowed to provide for an unorganized drain from the roofs of 2-storey buildings, provided that visors are installed over the entrances and blind areas.
9.22 It is not allowed to place a restroom and a bath (or shower) directly above living rooms and kitchens. Placement of a toilet and a bath (or shower) on the upper level above the kitchen is allowed in apartments located on two levels.
9.23 During the construction of buildings in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures should be taken to isolate floors and basement walls in contact with the ground in order to prevent the penetration of soil gas from the ground into the building , and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of the relevant sanitary standards.
9.24 Sound insulation of external and internal enclosing structures of residential premises should ensure the reduction of sound pressure from external sources of noise, as well as from the impact and noise of engineering systems equipment, air ducts and pipelines to a level not exceeding the level allowed by SP 51.13330 and SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562 ...
Inter-apartment walls and partitions must have an airborne noise insulation index of at least 52 dB.
9.24а When placing residential buildings in an area with an increased level of traffic noise, noise reduction in residential buildings should be carried out by using: a special noise-proof layout and (or) structural and technical means of noise protection, including: external enclosing structures and fillings of window openings with increased soundproofing properties.
9.25 Noise levels from engineering equipment and other indoor noise sources should not exceed the established permissible levels and not more than 2 dBA exceed the background values determined when the indoor noise source is not in operation, both during the day and at night.
9.26 To ensure the permissible noise level, it is not allowed to fix sanitary devices and pipelines directly to the inter-apartment walls and partitions enclosing living rooms; it is not allowed to place a machine room and elevator shafts, a waste collection chamber, a waste chute shaft and a device for its cleaning and rinsing over living rooms, under them, as well as adjacent to them.
9.26a When arranging bathrooms in bedrooms, it is recommended, according to a design assignment, to separate them from each other by built-in wardrobes between them in order to protect them from noise.
9.27 The supply of drinking water to the house should be provided from the centralized water supply network of the settlement. In areas without centralized engineering networks for one-, two-story buildings, it is allowed to provide individual and collective water supply sources from underground aquifers or from reservoirs at the rate of a daily consumption of household drinking water of at least 60 liters per person. In areas with limited water resources, the estimated daily water consumption may be reduced in agreement with the territorial bodies of Rospotrebnadzor.
9.28 For wastewater disposal, a sewerage system should be provided - centralized or local in accordance with the rules established in SP 30.13330.
Wastewater should be disposed of without contamination of the territory and aquifers.
9.29 Devices for collection and disposal of solid household waste and waste from the operation of public premises built into a residential building must be performed in accordance with the rules for the operation of the housing stock adopted by local authorities.
9.30 The need for a garbage chute in residential buildings is determined by the customer in agreement with local authorities and taking into account the garbage disposal system adopted in the settlement. A garbage chute is mandatory in specialized homes for the disabled and for the elderly.
The garbage chute must be equipped with a device for periodic flushing, cleaning, disinfection and automatic fire extinguishing of the barrel in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 42-128-4690.
The trunk of the chute must be airtight, soundproofed from building structures and must not adjoin living rooms.
9.31 Residential floors (except for blocked buildings) and floors with premises for kindergartens and health-care institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor or a floor with non-residential premises to protect against the ingress of exhaust gases and excess noise levels.
9.32 In multi-apartment residential buildings on the first, basement or basement floors, a storage room for cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink, should be provided.
9.33 When installing an exploited roof in an apartment building (except for a blocked one), it is recommended to provide a technical attic and, if necessary, other noise protection measures in order to protect against noise.
9.34 To reduce the intake of radiation (radon) from the ground, the overlap between the basement or basement and the first floor of the building should be sealed.
10 Durability and maintainability
10.1 The load-bearing structures of a building should maintain their properties in accordance with the requirements of this code of practice during the expected service life, which may be specified in the design assignment.
10.2 The load-bearing structures of a building, which determine its strength and stability, as well as the service life of the building as a whole, must retain their properties within acceptable limits, taking into account the requirements of GOST 27751 and codes of practice for building structures made of appropriate materials.
10.3 Elements, parts, equipment with service lives less than the expected service life of the building should be replaced in accordance with the overhaul periods established in the project and taking into account the requirements of the design assignment. The decision to use less or more durable elements, materials or equipment with a corresponding increase or decrease in overhaul periods is established by technical and economic calculations.
At the same time, materials, structures and construction technology should be selected taking into account ensuring the minimum subsequent costs for repairs, maintenance and operation.
10.4 Structures and parts must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low temperatures, aggressive environment, biological and other adverse factors in accordance with SP 28.13330.
If necessary, appropriate measures should be taken against the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the bearing and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures by means of sufficient sealing of structures or ventilation of closed spaces and air spaces. The necessary protective compounds and coatings must be applied in accordance with the codes of practice.
10.5 Butt joints of prefabricated elements and laminated structures should be designed to withstand temperature and humidity deformations and forces arising from uneven settlement of foundations and other operational influences. Sealing and sealing materials used in joints
must retain elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and moisture, and also be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures in the places of their conjugation.
10.6 It should be possible to access equipment, fittings and instruments of engineering systems of the building and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
Equipment and pipelines must be fixed to the building structures of the building in such a way that their performance is not impaired by possible movements of the structures.
10.7 When constructing buildings in areas with difficult geological conditions, subject to seismic impacts, underworking, subsidence and other ground movements, including frost heaving, the inputs of engineering communications should be carried out taking into account the need to compensate for possible deformations of the base in accordance with the requirements established in the codes of practice for various engineering networks.
11 Energy saving
11.1 The building in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" must be designed and erected in such a way that, while meeting the established requirements to the internal microclimate of the premises and other living conditions, efficient and economical consumption of energy resources was ensured during its operation.
11.2 Compliance with the requirements of codes of practice for energy conservation is assessed by the thermal characteristics of the enclosing building structures and engineering systems or by a complex indicator of the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation of the building.
11.3 When assessing the energy efficiency of a building based on the thermal performance of its building structures and engineering systems, the requirements of this set of rules are considered fulfilled under the following conditions:
1) the reduced resistance to heat transfer and air permeability of the enclosing structures is not lower than those required by SP 50.13330;
2) heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water supply systems have automatic or manual control;
3) the engineering systems of the building are equipped with metering devices for heat energy, cold and hot water, electricity and gas with centralized supply.
11.4 When assessing the energy efficiency of a building according to the integrated indicator of the specific energy consumption for its heating and ventilation, the requirements of this set of rules are considered fulfilled if the calculated value of the specific energy consumption for maintaining the normalized parameters of the microclimate and air quality in the building does not exceed the maximum permissible standard value. In this case, the third condition 11.3 must be fulfilled.
11.5 In order to achieve optimal technical and economic characteristics of the building and further reduce the specific energy consumption for heating, it is recommended to provide:
the most compact space-planning solutions for buildings; including those contributing to a reduction in the surface area of external walls, an increase in the width of the building body, etc.
the orientation of the building and its premises in relation to the cardinal points, taking into account the prevailing directions of the cold wind and solar radiation fluxes;
the use of effective engineering equipment of the appropriate range of products with increased efficiency;
utilization of waste air and waste water heat, use of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, etc.).
If, as a result of carrying out these measures, conditions 11.4 are ensured with lower values of the resistance to heat transfer of the enclosing structures than is required by SP 50.13330, then the indicators of the resistance to heat transfer of walls may be reduced in comparison with the established norms.
The thermal technical characteristics of the building and the energy efficiency class are entered into the energy passport of the building and subsequently clarified according to the results of operation and taking into account the measures taken to save energy.
11.6 In order to control the energy efficiency of a building according to regulatory indicators, the project documentation should contain a section "Measures to ensure compliance with energy efficiency requirements and requirements for equipping buildings, structures and structures with metering devices for used energy resources." This section should contain a list of measures to ensure compliance with the established requirements for energy efficiency, justification for the choice of optimal architectural, structural and engineering solutions; a list of energy efficiency requirements that the building must meet when commissioned.
Appendix A
(required)
Regulations
This document uses references to the following regulatory documents:
Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation Housing Code of the Russian Federation Federal Law of December 30, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation" Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Improvement and on Amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation "
Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements"
Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures"
SP 20.13330. 2011 "SNiP 2.01.07-85 * Loads and Impacts"
SP 22.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.02.01-83 * Foundations of buildings and structures" SP 24.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.02.03-85 Pile foundations"
SP 25.13330.2010 "SNiP 2.02.04-88 Bases and foundations on permafrost"
SP 28.13330.2010 "SNiP 2.03.11-85 Protection of building structures from corrosion"
SP 30.13330.2010 SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings SP 31.13330.2010 SNiP 2.04.02-84 * Water supply. External networks and facilities "
SP 42.13330.2011 SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements "
SNiP 3.05.06-85 Electrical devices
SP 50.13330.2010 "SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings" SP 51.13330.2011 "SNiP 23-03-2003 Protection against noise"
SP 52.13330.2011 "SNiP 23-05-95 Natural and artificial lighting" SP 55.13330.2011 "SNiP 31-02-2001 Single-family residential houses"
SNiP 31-06-2009 Public buildings and structures
SP 59.13330.2010 SNiP 35-01-2001 Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility
SP 60.13330.2010 SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning SP 62.13330.2011 SNiP 42-01-2002 Gas distribution systems
SP 14.13330.2011 "SNiP II-7-81 * Construction in seismic regions" SNiP II-11-77 * Civil defense structures
SP 17.13330.2011 SNiP II-26-76 Roofs
GOST 25772–83 Steel railings for stairs, balconies and roofs. General specifications
GOST 27751–88 Reliability of building structures and foundations. Basic provisions for the calculation
GOST 30494–96 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters
GOST R 51630-2000 Lifting platforms with vertical and inclined movement for disabled people. Accessibility specifications
GOST R 51631-2008 Passenger lifts. Technical requirements for accessibility, including accessibility for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility
GOST R 53296-2009 Installation of elevators for firefighters in buildings and structures. Fire safety requirements
SP 1.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits
SP 2.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Ensuring fire resistance of objects of protection
SP 3.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. A warning and evacuation control system in case of fire. Fire safety requirements
SP 4.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at the objects of protection. Requirements for space-planning and structural solutions
SP 5.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design
SP 6.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Electrical equipment. Fire safety requirements
SP 7.13130.2009 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements
SP 8.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Sources of outdoor
fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements
SP 10.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Internal fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises
SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076-01 Hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings and territories
SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 Sanitary Rules for the Maintenance of Territories of Populated Areas
SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 Noise at workplaces, in premises of residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential buildings
Appendix B
(reference)
Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are used in this document:
Term | Definition |
1 Building, plot | |
1.1 Residential apartment building, including: | Residential building in which apartments have common non-apartment premises and engineering systems |
1.1а residential sectional building | A building consisting of one or more sections, separated from each other by walls without openings, with apartments of one section, having access to one staircase directly or through a corridor |
1.1b residential building of gallery type | A building in which all apartments on the floor have exits through a common gallery to at least two stairs |
1.1v residential building of the corridor type | A building in which all apartments on the floor have exits through a common corridor to at least two stairs |
1.1g blocked residential building (residential block building) |
A building consisting of two or more apartments, each of which has direct access to the area near the apartment, including when it is located above the first floor. A blocked type of an apartment building can have space-planning solutions when one or several levels of one apartment are located above the premises of another apartment or when autonomous residential blocks have common entrances, attics, undergrounds, communication shafts, engineering systems. Note - In this document - except for blocked residential buildings, consisting of autonomous residential blocks, designed according to SP 55.13330. |
1.2 Apartment area | Land plot adjacent to a residential building (apartment) with direct access to it |
2 Floors | |
2.1 Floor above ground | Floor with a floor mark of the premises not lower than the planning level of the earth |
2.2 Floor underground | Floor with the floor mark of the premises below the planning level of the earth for the entire height of the premises |
2.3 Floor one | Lower above-ground floor of the building |
2.4 Ground floor | Floor with a floor mark of the premises below the planning level of the earth to a height of no more than half the height of the premises |
2.5 Basement floor | Floor with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the earth by more than half of the height of the premises or the first underground floor |
2.6 Floor attic | A floor in an attic space, the facade of which is fully or partially formed by the surface (s) of an inclined, sloped or curved roof |
2.7 Technical floor | The floor for placing the engineering equipment of the building and laying communications can be located in the lower part of the building (technical underground), upper (technical attic) or between the above-ground floors. A space with a height of 1.8 m or less, used only for laying communications, is not a floor |
2.8 Planning ground elevation | Ground level at the border of the ground and the blind area of the building |
3 Premises, platforms | |
3.1 Living quarters | An isolated room, which is immovable property and is suitable for permanent residence of citizens (meets the established sanitary and technical rules and regulations) - (Housing Code of the Russian Federation - Article 15, clause 2). (Reference: in paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the Housing Code, residential premises include: part of a residential building, an apartment, part of an apartment, a room) |
3.2 Apartment | A structurally separate room in an apartment building, providing direct access to common areas in such a building and consisting of one or more rooms, as well as auxiliary use rooms, designed to satisfy citizens' household and other needs associated with their living in such a separate room ( Housing Code of the Russian Federation - Article 16, Clause 3) |
3.3 Room | Part of an apartment intended for use as a place of direct residence of citizens in a residential building or apartment (Housing Code of the Russian Federation - Article 16, Clause 4) |
3.4 Ancillary use rooms | Premises intended for the satisfaction of citizens household and other needs, including: kitchen or kitchen-niche, front room, bathroom or shower, restroom or combined bathroom, pantry or built-in utility closet, laundry room, heat generator room, etc. |
3.5 Kitchen | A room with a cooking area and a dining area for occasional family meals |
3.6 Kitchen - niche | A room (or part of it) without a dining area, intended for cooking, equipped with an electric stove and supply and exhaust ventilation with mechanical induction |
3.7 Kitchen-dining room | A room with a cooking area and a dining area for all family members to eat at the same time |
3.8 Balcony | A fenced area protruding from the plane of the facade wall. Can be glazed |
3.9 Veranda | A glazed unheated room attached to a building or built into it, with no depth limitation. In multi-apartment residential buildings, it is used as part of the premises of blocked residential buildings, or as part of the premises of apartments located on the upper floors of buildings of different height and having access to the roof of the lower floor, on which a veranda can be arranged |
3.10 Loggia | Built-in or attached, open to an external space, fenced on three sides by walls (on two sides - with an angular arrangement) a room with a depth limited by the requirements of natural illumination of the room, to the outer wall of which it adjoins. Can be glazed |
3.11 Terrace | Fenced open area attached to the building, or placed on the roof of the lower floor. May have a roof and an exit from the adjoining premises of the house |
3.12 Elevator hall | The room in front of the entrance to the elevators |
3.13 Tambour | Walk-through space between doors, which serves to protect against the penetration of cold air, smoke and odors when entering a building, staircase or other premises |
3.14 Light pocket | A room with natural light adjacent to the corridor and serving to illuminate it. The role of a light pocket can be performed by a staircase, separated from the corridor, or a walk-through elevator hall by a glazed door with a width of at least 1.2 m |
3.14a Light opening | Light opening (windows, balcony doors, window + balcony door ") - an opening in the outer wall of the building, the size of which is determined in the light (outside) |
3.15 Underground | |
3.16 Ventilated underground | Open space under a building between the ground surface and the lower floor of the first above-ground floor |
3.17 Attic | The space between the ceiling of the upper floor, the building covering (roof) and the outer walls located above the ceiling of the upper floor |
3.18 Household pantry (out-of-house) |
A room intended for storage by residents of a house outside the apartment of things, equipment, vegetables, etc., excluding explosive substances and materials, located in the first, basement or basement floors of a residential building |
3.19 Parking | According to SP 55.13330 Single-family residential houses |
3.20 Mezzanine | A site in the volume of a double-height room, or an internal site of an apartment located within a floor with an increased height, having an area size of no more than 40% of the area of the room in which it is being built |
3.21 Public premises | In this document - premises intended for the implementation of activities in them for servicing the residents of the house, residents of the adjacent residential area, and others permitted for placement in residential buildings by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Authorities |
3.22 Built-in-attached premises | A room located in the dimensions of the building and in volumes outside the dimensions of the building by more than 1.5 m |
4 Design and construction activities | |
4.1 Rebuilding | Installation, replacement or relocation of utilities, sanitary, electrical or other equipment, requiring entry into the technical passport of the dwelling. (according to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation - Article 25, Clause 1) |
4.2 Redevelopment | Changing the configuration of the living quarters, requiring entry into the technical passport of the living quarters (according to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation - Article 25, clause 2) |
In this document, other terms are also used, the definitions of which are adopted according to the regulatory documents listed in Appendix A.
Appendix B
(required)
Rules for determining the area of a building and its premises, building area, number of storeys and construction volume
B.1 Rules necessary for design purposes: total area of a building, area of premises, building area and number of storeys of a building, construction volume
B.1.1 The area of a residential building should be determined as the sum of the areas of the floors of the building, measured within the inner surfaces of the outer walls.
The floor area includes the area of balconies, loggias, terraces and verandas, as well as landings and steps, taking into account their area at the level of this floor.
The floor area does not include the area of openings for elevators and other shafts, this area is taken into account on the lower floor.
Underground areas for ventilation of a building, an unexploited attic, a technical underground, a technical attic, non-apartment utilities with vertical (in canals, shafts) and horizontal (in the interfloor space) wiring, as well as vestibules, porticos, porches, outdoor open stairs and ramps in building area is not included.
When calculating the total area of the building, the used roof is equal to the area of the terraces.
B.1.2 The area of rooms, premises for auxiliary use and other premises of residential buildings should be determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding skirting boards).
The area occupied by a stove, including a stove with a fireplace, which are included in the heating system of the building, and are not decorative, are not included in the area of rooms and other premises.
B.1.3 The area of non-glazed balconies, loggias, and terraces should be determined by their dimensions, measured along the inner contour (between the building wall and the fence), excluding the area occupied by the fence.
B.1.4 The area of public premises located in the volume of a residential building is calculated according to the rules established in SNiP 31-06.
B.1.5 The built-up area of a building is defined as the area of the horizontal section along the outer contour of the building at the basement level, including protruding parts, including the porch and terraces. The area under the building located on the supports, as well as the driveways under it, are included in the building area.
B.1.6 When determining the number of storeys of a building, all above-ground floors are taken into account, including the technical floor, the attic, as well as the basement floor, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m higher than the average planning level of the earth.
When determining the number of floors, all floors are taken into account, including underground, basement, basement, aboveground, technical, attic and others.
The underground under the building, regardless of its height, as well as the interfloor space and the technical attic with a height of less than 1.8 m, are not included in the number of above-ground floors.
With a different number of floors in different parts of the building, as well as when placing a building on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of storeys is determined separately for each part of the building.
When determining the number of storeys of a building for calculating the number of elevators, the technical floor located above the upper floor is not taken into account.
B.1.7 The building volume of a residential building is defined as the sum of the building volume above the mark ± 0.000 (aboveground part) and below this mark (underground part).
The building volume is determined within the bounding external surfaces with the inclusion of enclosing structures, skylights and other superstructures, starting from the level of the finished floor of the aboveground and underground parts of the building, excluding protruding architectural details and structural elements, canopies, porticos, balconies, terraces, the volume of passages and spaces under the building on supports (clean), ventilated subfields and underground channels.
B.2 Rules necessary for the consumer characteristics of a residential building: area of apartments, total area of apartments *
B.2.1 The area of apartments is determined as the sum of the areas of all heated rooms (living rooms and auxiliary rooms intended to meet domestic and other needs), excluding unheated rooms (loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces, cold storage rooms and vestibules).
The area occupied by the stove and (or) fireplace, which are included in the heating system of the building (and are not decorative), is not included in the area of the apartment premises.
The area under the march of an intra-apartment staircase on an area with a height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding staircase structures of 1.6 m or less is not included in the area of the room in which the staircase is located.
When determining the area of rooms or rooms located in the attic floor, it is recommended to apply a reduction factor of 0.7 for the area of parts of a room with a ceiling height of 1.6 m - at angles of inclination of the ceiling up to 45 °, and for the area of parts of a room with a ceiling height of 1, 9 m - from 45 ° and more. The areas of parts of the premises with a height of less than 1.6 m and 1.9 m at the corresponding angles of inclination of the ceiling are not taken into account. A room height of less than 2.5 m is allowed for no more than
50% of the area of this room.
B.2.2 The total area of an apartment is the sum of the areas of its heated rooms and premises, built-in wardrobes, as well as unheated rooms, calculated with decreasing coefficients established by the rules of technical inventory.
* The area of the apartment and other technical indicators, calculated for the purposes of statistical accounting and technical inventory, upon completion of construction, are specified according to the rules established in the "Instructions on accounting for housing stock in the Russian Federation" approved by Order No. 37 of 04.08.98 of the Ministry of Land Construction of Russia.
Appendix D
(required)
Minimum number of passenger lifts
Number of storeys of the building | Number of lifts | Carrying capacity, kg | Speed, m / s | Largest floor area of apartments, m2 |
Up to 9 10 – 12 20 – 25 |
1 2 |
630 or 1000 400 630 or 1000 400 630 or 1000 400 630 or 1000 400 630 or 1000 630 or 1000 400 400 630 or 1000 630 or 1000 |
1,0 1,0 |
600 600 |
NOTE 1 Elevators with a lifting capacity of 630 or 1000 kg must have a car size of min 2100 1100 mm. 2 The table is compiled on the basis of: 18 m2 of the total area of the apartment per person, floor height 2.8 m, lift interval 81 - 100 s. 3 In residential buildings with 20 storeys and higher, in which the values of the floor area of apartments, the height of the floor and the total area of the apartment per inhabitant differ from those adopted in table, the number, capacity and speed of passenger lifts are set by calculation. 4 In residential buildings with multi-level apartments located on the upper floors, it is allowed to stop passenger elevators on one of the apartment floors. In this case, the number of storeys of the building for calculating the number of elevators is determined by the floor of the upper stop. |
Bibliography
PUE Electrical Installation Rules
NPB 66-97 Autonomous fire detectors. General technical requirements. Test methods
PPB 01-03 Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation
Instructions on accounting for housing stock in the Russian Federation
SO 153-34.21.122-2003 Instructions for the device of lightning protection of buildings, structures of industrial communications
SP 31-110-2003 Design and installation of electrical installations for residential and public buildings
Approved by the Order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation of December 3, 2016 No. 883 / pr
UPDATED EDITORIAL
SNiP 31-01-2003
Multicompartment residential buildingsSP 54.13330.2016
Date of introduction
Foreword
About the set of rules
1. CONTRACTOR - Joint Stock Company "TsNIIEP Housing - Institute for Integrated Design of Residential and Public Buildings" (JSC "TsNIIEP Housing")
2. INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"
3. PREPARED for approval by the Department of Urban Development and Architecture of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Construction of Russia)
5. APPROVED by order of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation No. 883 / pr dated December 3, 2016 and put into effect on June 4, 2017.
6. REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 54.13330.2011 "SNiP 31-01-2003 Residential apartment buildings"
In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notification will be published in accordance with the established procedure. The relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Construction of Russia) on the Internet
Introduction
This set of rules has been updated in order to increase the level of safety of people and the safety of material assets in accordance with Federal laws and, to comply with the requirements of the Federal Law, to increase the level of harmonization with the requirements of international regulatory documents, to apply uniform methods for determining operational characteristics and methods for assessing and taking into account sanitary and epidemiological requirements. to living conditions in residential multi-apartment buildings. The set of rules was made by the team of authors: JSC "TsNIIEP Housing - Institute for Integrated Design of Residential and Public Buildings" (Candidate of Architect Prof. AA Magai, Candidate of Architect AR Kryukov ( Responsible person), Candidate of Architect, Associate Professor N.V. Dubynin, architect S.A. Kunitsyn, engineer Yu.L. Kashulina, engineer M.A. Zherebina); JSC TSNIIPromzdaniy (Candidate of Engineering Science T.E. Storozhenko); JSC Academy of Public Utilities named after K.D. Pamfilov "(Lead Scientific Researcher VN Suvorov); OJSC Center for Methodology of Regulation and Standardization in Construction (A.I. Tarada), LLC Verkhne-Volzhsky Institute of Construction Expertise and Consulting (M.V. Andreev) .1. Application area
1.1. This set of rules applies to the design and construction of newly built and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings with a height of up to 75 m, including apartment-type dormitories, as well as residential premises that are part of the premises of buildings of other functional purposes.
1.2. The set of rules does not apply to: blocked residential buildings designed in accordance with the requirements of SP 55.13330, in which the premises belonging to different apartments are not located one above the other, and only the walls between adjacent blocks are common; mobile residential buildings; living quarters of the maneuverable fund specified in clause .1.3. During the construction process and during the operation of multi-apartment residential buildings, it is not allowed to deviate from the parameters established in this set of rules.
This set of rules uses normative references to the following documents:
GOST 27751-2014 Reliability of building structures and foundations. Basic Provisions
GOST 30494-2011 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters
GOST 31937-2011 Buildings and structures. Rules for inspection and monitoring of technical condition
GOST 33125-2014 Sun protection devices. Technical conditions
GOST R 22.1.12-2005 Safety in emergency situations. A structured system for monitoring and managing engineering systems of buildings and structures. General requirements
GOST R 53780-2010 (EN 81-1: 1998, EN 81-2: 1999) Elevators. General safety requirements for device and installation
GOST R 56420.2-2015 (ISO 25745-2: 2015) Passenger elevators, escalators and conveyors. Energy characteristics. Part 2. Calculation of energy consumption and classification of energy efficiency of elevators
GOST R 56420.3-2015 (ISO 25745-3: 2015) Passenger elevators, escalators and conveyors. Energy characteristics. Part 3. Calculation of energy consumption and energy efficiency classification of escalators and passenger conveyors
SP 1.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits (with change No. 1)
SP 2.13130.2012 Fire protection systems. Ensuring fire resistance of objects of protection
SP 3.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. A warning and evacuation control system in case of fire. Fire safety requirements
SP 4.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at the objects of protection. Requirements for space-planning and structural solutions
SP 5.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design (with amendment No. 1)
SP 6.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Electrical equipment. Fire safety requirements
SP 7.13130.2013 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements
SP 8.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Sources of outdoor fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements (with amendment No. 1)
SP 10.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Internal fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements (with amendment No. 1)
SP 12.13130.2009 Determination of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations for explosion and fire hazard (with amendment No. 1)
SP 14.13330.2014 "SNiP II-7-81 * Construction in seismic regions" (with amendment No. 1)
SP 16.13330.2011 SNiP II-23-81 * Steel structures (with amendment No. 1)
SP 17.13330.2011 SNiP II-26-76 Roofs
SP 20.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.01.07-85 * Loads and impacts"
SP 21.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.01.09-91 Buildings and structures in undermined areas and subsiding soils"
SP 22.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.02.01-83 * Foundations of buildings and structures"
SP 24.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.02.03-85 Pile foundations"
SP 25.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.02.04-88 Bases and foundations on permafrost"
SP 28.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.03.11-85 Protection of building structures from corrosion" (with amendment No. 1)
SP 30.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.04.01-85 * Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings"
SP 31.13330.2012 SNiP 2.04.02-84 * Water supply. External networks and structures "(with amendment No. 1)
SP 42.13330.2011 SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements "
SP 50.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings"
SP 51.13330.2011 "SNiP 23-03-2003 Protection against noise"
SP 52.13330.2011 "SNiP 23-05-95 * Natural and artificial lighting"
SP 55.13330.2011 "SNiP 31-02-2001 Single-family residential houses"
SP 59.13330.2012 "SNiP 35-01-2001 Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility" (with amendment No. 1)
SP 60.13330.2012 "SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"
SP 62.13330.2011 SNiP 42-01-2002 Gas distribution systems (with amendment No. 1)
SP 63.13330.2012 SNiP 52-01-2003 Concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Basic Provisions "(as amended No. 1, No. 2)
SP 70.13330.2012 "SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures"
SP 88.13330.2014 "SNiP II-11-77 * Protective structures of civil defense"
SP 113.13330.2012 SNiP 21-02-99 * Parking lots
SP 116.13330.2012 SNiP 22-02-2003 Engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures from hazardous geological processes. Basic provisions "
SP 118.13330.2012 "SNiP 31-06-2009 Public buildings and structures" (with amendment No. 1)
SP 131.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-01-99 * Construction climatology" (with amendment No. 2)
SP 132.13330.2011 Providing anti-terrorist security of buildings and structures. General design requirements
SP 154.13130.2013 Built-in underground parking. Fire safety requirements
SP 160.1325800.2014 Multifunctional buildings and complexes. Design rules
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises
SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations carrying out medical activities
SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076-01 Hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings and territories
SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other facilities
SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings
SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.2585-10 Changes and additions No. 1 to sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 "Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings"
SanPiN 2.3.6.1079-01 Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Public Catering Organizations, Manufacturing and Circulation of Food Products and Food Raw Materials in them
SanPiN 2.4.1.3147-13 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for preschool groups located in residential premises of the housing stock
SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 Sanitary Rules for the Maintenance of Territories of Populated Areas
SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 Noise at workplaces, in premises of residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential buildings
SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.566-96 Industrial vibration, vibration in residential and public buildings
SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.583-96 Infrasound at workplaces, in residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential buildings
Note. When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference documents in the public information system - on the official website of the federal executive body in the field of standardization on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on the issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the referenced document to which the undated link is given is replaced, it is recommended that the current version of this document be used, taking into account all changes made to this version. If the referenced document to which the dated reference is given is replaced, then it is recommended to use the version of this document with the above year of approval (acceptance). If, after the approval of this set of rules, a change is made to the referenced document to which the dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is made, then this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the link to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this link. It is advisable to check the information on the validity of the sets of rules in the Federal Information Fund of Standards.
3. Terms and definitions
In this Code of Practice, the following terms are used with appropriate definitions:
3.1. mezzanine: A platform delimiting the height of the room at different levels, having an area size of not more than 40% of the area of the room in which it is being built.
3.2. balcony: A fenced area protruding from the plane of the facade wall, can be made with coating and glazing, has a limited depth, interconnected with the lighting of the room to which it adjoins.
3.3. veranda: A glazed unheated room attached to a building, built into it or built-in-attached, without depth restrictions, can be arranged on the ceiling of the lower floor.
3.4. multi-apartment building: A residential building in which apartments have common non-apartment premises and engineering systems.
3.5. multi-apartment gallery-type building: A multi-apartment building in which all apartments on each floor have entrances through a common gallery to at least two staircases and (or) staircase-elevators.
3.6. multi-apartment corridor-type building: A multi-apartment building in which apartments on each floor have exits through a common corridor to at least two staircases and (or) staircase-elevators.
3.7. multi-apartment sectional building: An apartment building consisting of one or more sections, separated from each other by walls without openings; apartments of one section must have access to one staircase directly or through a corridor.
3.8. apartment: A structurally separate room in an apartment building that provides direct access to common areas in such a building and consists of one or more rooms, as well as auxiliary use premises designed to satisfy citizens' household and other needs associated with their living in such a separate the room. Note. In the official text of the document, apparently, there is a misprint: this means part 3 of article 16, and not paragraph 3 of part 1 of article 16.
3.9. staircase cage: Common room with the placement of landings and flights of stairs.
3.10. number of floors in the building: The number of all floors of the building, aboveground, underground, mansard, technical attics, with the exception of premises and interfloor spaces with a room height of less than 1.8 m and underground premises.
Note. Roof boiler rooms, elevator engine rooms, ventilation chambers located on the roof are not included in the number of floors.
3.11. room: A part of an apartment intended for use as a place of direct residence of citizens in a residential building or apartment.
3.12. kitchen: An auxiliary room or part of it, with a dining area for family members to eat, as well as with the placement of kitchen equipment for cooking, washing, storing dishes and utensils, possibly for temporary storage of food and collection of municipal waste.
3.13. niche kitchen: A kitchen without a dining area, located in a part of the living or auxiliary premises and equipped with an electric stove and supply and exhaust ventilation with mechanical or natural induction.
3.14. kitchen-dining room: A room with a cooking area and a dining area for a one-time meal for all family members.
3.15. loggia: A room built into a building or attached to it, having walls on three sides (or on two with an angular arrangement) for the entire height of the floor and a fence on the open side, can be made with a coating and glazing, has a limited depth, interrelated with the lighting of the room , which is adjacent to.
3.16. intra-apartment equipment: Engineering and technical equipment with individual inputs and connections to intra-building engineering systems and individual metering and regulation devices for energy consumption when residents of an apartment use utilities, located in an auxiliary sanitary and technical room and the enclosing structures of the apartment.
3.17. elevation of the ground level planning: Geodetic elevation of the level of the surface of the earth at the border with the blind area of the building.
3.18. underground of a building: A room intended for placing pipelines of engineering systems, located between the overlap of the first or basement floor and the ground surface.
3.19. ventilated underground: An open space under a building between the surface of the ground and the lower floor of the first above-ground floor.
3.20. residential premises: An isolated room, which is real estate and is suitable for permanent residence of citizens (meets the established sanitary and technical rules and regulations, other legal requirements).
3.21. auxiliary room: A room for providing communication, sanitary, technical and household needs, including: a kitchen or a kitchen-niche, an anteroom, a bathroom or a shower, a restroom or a combined bathroom, a pantry or a built-in utility closet, a laundry room, a heat generator room and etc.
3.22. common area: Non-residential premises for communication services of more than one residential and (or) non-residential premises, can be located horizontally across floors (corridor, gallery), vertically between floors (staircase, staircase and elevator node).
3.23. public premises: A room intended for the implementation of activities in it for the maintenance of residents of the building, residents of the adjacent residential area or for public and business activities, with a mode of operation that does not have harmful effects on living conditions in a residential building, having a separate entrance (entrances) from the adjacent territory and (or) from a residential building, as well as other premises permitted for placement in residential buildings by the bodies of Rospotrebnadzor. 3.24. technical room: Non-residential premises intended for the maintenance of in-house engineering systems, with limited access permitted to specialists of the maintenance services and specialists of the security and rescue services in case of emergency.
3.25. In-house engineering systems: Engineering communications inputs for supplying utility resources and energy, as well as engineering equipment for transformation and (or) production and supply of resources and energy capacities to intra-apartment equipment, for the production of utilities to ensure the operation of vertical transport (elevators, etc.) and garbage disposal.
3.26. vestibule: Auxiliary room between doors to protect against environmental influences.
3.27. terrace: A fenced open (without glazing) area attached to the building, built into it or built-in-attached, which does not have a depth limit, can be covered and arranged on the roof of the lower floor.
3.28. staircase-elevator node: A staircase room with a technical room for an elevator shaft (elevators), allowed with the placement of: an elevator hall (halls), a safe area for disabled people, a garbage chute.
3.29. near-apartment plot: A plot of land adjacent to an apartment building with direct access to it.
3.30. attic of a building: A room located in the space between the ceiling of the upper floor, the roof of the building (roof) and the outer walls located above the ceiling of the upper floor.
3.31. building floor: The space with rooms between the elevation marks of the top of the floor (or floor on the ground) and the top of the overhead floor (roof covering).
3.32. first floor: The ground floor is above ground, not lower than the planning level of the earth, accessible for entry from the adjacent territory.
3.33. basement floor: A floor with a floor surface elevation below the planned ground elevation by more than half the height of the room.
3.34. underground floor: A floor with a floor elevation of the premises below the planning elevation of the ground for the entire height of the premises.
3.35. technical floor: A floor functionally intended for the placement and maintenance of in-house engineering systems; can be located in the lower part of the building (technical underground) or in the upper part (technical attic), or between the above-ground floors.
3.36. ground floor: A floor with a floor surface elevation below the planned ground elevation by no more than half the height of the room.
4. General provisions
4.1. Construction and reconstruction of buildings must be carried out according to working documentation on the basis of approved design documentation. The composition of the design documentation must comply.
The building may include built-in, built-in-attached, attached common areas, public facilities and parking lots, the placement, production technology and operating mode of which meet the safety requirements for residents during the operation of an apartment building and adjacent areas in development in accordance with,. Accommodation in residential buildings of industrial production is not allowed ().
The rules for determining the area of a building and its premises, building area, number of storeys, number of floors and construction volume during design are given in Appendix A.
4.2. The location of a residential building, the distance from it to other buildings and structures, the size of land plots at the building are established in accordance with the requirements, as well as SP 42.13330, with the provision of sanitary protection zones in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200.
4.2.1. The number of storeys and lengths of buildings are determined by the planning project. When determining the number of storeys and the length of residential buildings in seismic areas, the requirements of SP 14.13330 and SP 42.13330 should be met.
4.2.2. Sanitary requirements for living conditions should be provided in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, requirements for compliance with indoor microclimate parameters - in accordance with GOST 30494, taking into account the characteristics of climatic areas of construction in accordance with SP 131.13330.
4.2.3. Natural lighting and insolation of premises should be provided in accordance with SP 52.13330, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.2585 and SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.
4.2.4. When designing buildings with public premises, SP 118.13330 should be followed.
4.2.5. When designing residential buildings and premises as part of multifunctional complexes, SP 160.1325800 should be followed.
4.2.6. The parameters of the width and height of through openings for passages of fire trucks in apartment buildings should be taken in accordance with SP 4.13130.
4.2.7. It is necessary to provide protection against noise in accordance with SP 51.13330 and SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562, from infrasound - in accordance with SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.583 and from vibration - in accordance with SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.566.
4.3. During the design and construction of a residential building, conditions for the life of people with limited mobility must be provided, the accessibility of the site, building and apartments for disabled people and the elderly using wheelchairs, disabled people with complete loss of vision and (or) hearing (hereinafter - MGN), if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is specified in the design assignment.
In residential buildings of state and municipal housing stock, the share of apartments for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments.
4.4. The project should include instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the building, which should contain data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: hidden wiring diagrams , the location of ventilation ducts, other elements of the building and its equipment, in respect of which construction activities should not be carried out by residents and tenants during operation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.
4.5. In residential buildings, it is necessary to provide: domestic and drinking and hot water supply, sewerage and drainage in accordance with SP 30.13330 and SP 31.13330, heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SP 60.13330.
Fire-fighting water supply, smoke protection should be provided in accordance with the requirements.
4.6. In residential buildings, electrical lighting, power electrical equipment, telephony, radio broadcasting (over-the-air or wired), television antennas and ringing alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments, rescue equipment, systems fire protection in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as other engineering systems provided for by the design assignment.
4.7. On the roofs of residential buildings, it is necessary to provide for the installation of antennas for collective reception of transmissions and racks of wired radio broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.
4.8. Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor elevation of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor elevation of the first floor by 12 m.
The minimum number of passenger elevators, which must be equipped with residential buildings of various storeys, is given in Appendix B.
The cabin of one of the elevators should be 2,100 mm deep or wide (depending on the layout) to accommodate a person on a sanitary stretcher.
The width of the car doors of one of the elevators must ensure the passage of a wheelchair.
It is recommended to provide elevators for the superstructure of existing five-storey residential buildings. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop on the built-up floor.
In residential buildings in which, on floors above the first, it is planned to accommodate apartments for families with disabled people using wheelchairs for movement, as well as in specialized residential buildings for the elderly and families with disabled people, passenger elevators or lifting platforms should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the joint venture 59.13330.
4.9. The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of an elevator for transporting a patient on an ambulance stretcher and be, m, not less than:
1.5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;
2.1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.
With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall should be, m, not less:
1.8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;
2.5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.
4.10. In the basement, basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and largest cities - on the third floor), it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.
It is not allowed to post:
Specialized stores of household chemicals and other goods, the operation of which may lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings; premises, including stores with storage of liquefied gases, flammable and combustible liquids, explosives that can explode and burn when interacting with water, air oxygen or with each other, aerosol products, pyrotechnic products; carpets, auto parts, tires and car oils.
Note. Stores selling synthetic carpets are allowed to be attached to blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance rating of REI 150;
Specialized fish stores; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale or small-scale wholesale trade, as well as storage facilities at built-in parking lots, except for storage facilities that are part of public institutions located in built-in and built-in and attached premises;
All businesses, as well as shops with a mode of operation after 23 hours; consumer services enterprises that use flammable substances (except for hairdressing salons and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m); baths;
Food and leisure establishments with more than 50 seats, with a total area of more than 250 m; all enterprises operating with musical accompaniment, including discos, dance studios, theaters, as well as casinos;
Laundries and dry cleaners (except for reception centers and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of more than 100 m; public toilets, institutions and funeral shops; built-in and attached transformer substations;
Industrial premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including points for issuing work to home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, substations of ambulance and emergency medical care; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric doctor's offices; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;
X-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation exceeding the permissible level established by sanitary and epidemiological rules, veterinary clinics and offices.
4.11. In the basement and basement floors of residential buildings, it is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and liquefied gases, explosives; premises for the stay of children; cinemas, conference rooms and other halls with more than 50 seats, saunas, as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, the restrictions established in 4.10 and SP 118.13330 should also be taken into account.
4.12. Loading of public premises from the side of the courtyard of a residential building, where the windows of the living rooms of the apartments and the entrances to the residential part of the building are located, in order to protect residents from noise and exhaust gases is not allowed.
The loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be carried out:
From the ends of residential buildings without windows;
From underground tunnels;
From the side of highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public premises up to 150 m2.
4.13. It is allowed to place workshops for artists and architects, as well as public and administrative premises (offices, offices) on the upper floors of apartment buildings, while taking into account the requirements of 7.2.15.
It is allowed to place administrative premises in superstructure attic floors in buildings with a fire resistance level of at least II and a height of no more than 28 m.
4.14. It is allowed to place premises in apartments for the implementation of individual professional and (or) entrepreneurial activities in accordance with. As part of the apartments, it is allowed to provide rooms for a doctor's appointment and a massage room with working conditions that comply with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645 and SanPiN 2.1.3.2630.
The premises of preschool educational organizations for a group of no more than 10 children, according to SanPiN 2.4.1.3147, are allowed to be placed in apartment buildings with a fire resistance level of at least II in apartments with two-way orientation, located no higher than the second floor, provided that the apartments are provided with an emergency exit in accordance with SP 1.13130. At the same time, it should be possible to arrange playgrounds in the local area.
4.15. In multi-apartment buildings, with a separate entrance from the adjacent territory, it is allowed to place premises of outpatient medical treatment organizations with a capacity of no more than 100 visits per shift, including day hospitals, dental offices and feldsher-obstetric points in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.3.2630, antenatal clinics, offices of general practitioners and private practitioners, medical and recreational, rehabilitation and recovery centers, as well as day hospitals with them in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.3.2630.
4.16. The ventilation system of premises of medical organizations and day hospitals located in residential buildings must be separate from the ventilation of residential premises in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645 and SanPiN 2.1.3.2630.
4.17. In multi-apartment buildings, when arranging in accordance with the assignment for the design of built-in, attached or built-in attached parking lots, the requirements of,, SP 113.13330.2012 (paragraphs 4.1 *, 4.18 *, 5.1.1 *), SP 1.13130, SP 2.13130, SP 3.13130, SP 4.13130, SP 5.13130, SP 6.13130, SP 7.13130, SP 8.13130, SP 10.13130, SP 12.13130, SP 154.13130, SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 (paragraphs 3.2 - 3.5), SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 ( 12, Table 7.1.1), as well as anti-terrorist security requirements in accordance with SP 132.13330.
4.18. According to SP 17.13330, on the operated roofs of apartment buildings, as well as on the roofs of built-in and attached public premises, it is allowed to place sites (for recreation and sports, household needs) while ensuring user safety with the device of fences and access control. In this case, the distances from the windows of residential premises overlooking the roof to the indicated sites should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 42.13330 for ground sites of a similar purpose.
When installing an exploited roof in an apartment building (except for a blocked one), in order to protect against noise, a technical attic and (or) noise protection measures should be provided according to the design assignment.
5. Requirements for buildings and premises
5.1. Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions for their settlement by one family.
5.2. In multi-apartment buildings of the state housing stock, in accordance with the minimum areas of apartments for social use (excluding the areas of open rooms, cold storage rooms and side vestibules) and the number of their rooms are recommended to be taken in accordance with Table 5.1, and additional information is given in.
Table 5.1
Note. For specific regions and cities, the number of rooms and the area of apartments may be specified by agreement with local authorities, taking into account demographic requirements, the achieved level of housing provision for the population and resource provision of housing construction.
In multi-apartment buildings of private housing stock, in accordance with and and of the housing stock for commercial use, the number of rooms and the area of apartments should be set in the design assignment, taking into account the specified minimum areas of apartments and the number of rooms.
5.3 / In apartment buildings of state and municipal housing stock, housing stock for social use, apartments should provide for common living rooms (living rooms) and bedrooms, as well as auxiliary rooms: a kitchen (or kitchen-dining room, kitchen-niche), a front (hallway), toilet, bathroom and (or) shower room, or combined bathroom [toilet and bathroom (shower)], storage room (or built-in wardrobe).
The device of a combined bathroom is allowed in one-room apartments of houses of state housing stock, housing stock for social use, and in multi-room apartments of private and individual housing stock - according to a design assignment.
In apartments of private housing stock and housing stock for commercial use, the composition of the premises should be determined in the design assignment, taking into account the specified required composition of the premises.
5.4. Loggias and balconies should be provided in apartments of buildings under construction in climatic regions III and IV, in apartments for families with disabled people, in other cases - taking into account unfavorable climatic conditions, safe operation and fire safety requirements.
The following unfavorable conditions are distinguished for the design of balconies and non-glazed loggias:
In climatic regions I and II - a combination of the average monthly air temperature and the average monthly wind speed in July: 12 ° C - 16 ° C and more than 5 m / s; 8 ° C - 12 ° C and 4 - 5 m / s; 4 ° C - 8 ° C and 4 m / s; below 4 ° C at any wind speed;
Noise from highways or industrial areas 75 dB or more at a distance of 2 m from the facade of a residential building (except for noise-proof residential buildings);
The concentration of dust in the air is 1.5 mg / m3 or more for 15 days or more during the period of three summer months, while it should be borne in mind that the loggias can be glazed.
During the construction of an apartment building in climatic subdistricts IA, IB, IG and IIA, determined according to SP 131.13330, a ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and shoes should be provided in the apartments.
5.5. The placement of apartments and living rooms in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
5.6. The dimensions of living rooms and premises for auxiliary use of an apartment should be determined taking into account the requirements of ergonomics and the placement of the necessary set of intra-apartment equipment and pieces of furniture.
5.7. The area of apartments for social use of state and municipal housing stock should be at least: a total living room in a one-room apartment - 14 m2, a total living room in apartments with two or more rooms - 16 m2, bedrooms - 8 m2 (for two people - 10 m2); kitchens - 8 m2; kitchen area in the kitchen (dining room) - 6 m2. It is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches in apartments with an area of at least 5 m2.
The area of the bedroom and kitchen in the attic floor (or a floor with sloped enclosing structures) is allowed at least 7 m2, provided that the total living room has an area of at least 16 m2.
5.8. The height (from floor to ceiling) of living rooms and a kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic subareas IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA, determined by SP 131.13330, must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic subareas - not less than 2.5 m.
The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, lobbies, mezzanines and under them is determined by the conditions for the safety of movement of people and should be at least 2.1 m.
In living rooms and kitchens of apartments located on floors with inclined enclosing structures or in the attic floor, a decrease relative to the standardized ceiling height in an area not exceeding 50% is allowed.
5.9. In multi-apartment buildings of state and municipal housing stock, in accordance with 2-, 3- and 4-room apartments, bedrooms and common rooms should be designed as non-passable. Moreover, all apartments must be equipped with: a kitchen with a dishwasher and a stove for cooking; a bathroom with a bath (shower) and a sink (washbasin), a toilet with a toilet or a combined bathroom [bathroom (shower), washbasin and toilet].
In apartments of private housing stock and housing stock for commercial use, the functional and planning connections of rooms with aisles and the composition of the sanitary equipment of apartments should be established according to the design assignment.
6. Bearing capacity and permissible deformability of structures
6.1. The foundations and supporting structures of an apartment building must be designed in accordance with GOST 27751, SP 16.13330, SP 20.13330, SP 63.13330 and SP 70.13330. At the same time, during the construction process and under the design operating conditions during the design life set in the design assignment, according to the following, the following possibilities should be excluded:
Destruction and (or) damage to structures, leading to the need to terminate the operation of the building;
Unacceptable deterioration of operational properties and (or) decrease in the reliability of structures due to deformations or cracking.
6.2. The structures and foundations of an apartment building must be designed to withstand constant loads:
From own weight of supporting and enclosing structures;
Temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors;
Snow and wind loads for a given construction area.
The standard values of the listed loads, taking into account the unfavorable combinations of loads or the corresponding forces, the limiting values of deflections and displacements of structures, the values of the safety factors for the loads should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 20.13330.
When calculating the structures and foundations of multi-apartment buildings, the additional requirements of the developer specified in the design assignment should also be taken into account for taking into account the loads at the location of intra-apartment equipment (for example, fireplaces, bathtubs), technological and engineering equipment for built-in public premises and for fastening the elements of this equipment to walls and ceilings.
6.3. The methods for calculating their bearing capacity and permissible deformability used in the design of structures must meet the requirements of SP 16.13330, SP 20.13330, SP 22.13330, SP 63.13330 and SP 70.13330. When detecting hazardous geological processes on the construction sites of apartment buildings, the requirements of SP 116.13330 should be taken into account. In difficult geological conditions, it should be additionally taken into account: in seismic regions - the requirements of SP 14.13330, on undermined territories and subsiding soils - the requirements of SP 21.13330, on permafrost soils - the requirements of SP 25.13330.
6.4. The foundations of an apartment building should be designed according to the results of engineering surveys in accordance with ensuring the necessary uniformity of the foundation settlement under the supporting and enclosing structures of an apartment building. It is necessary to take into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils and the hydrogeological regime at the construction site in accordance with SP 22.13330 and (or) SP 24.13330 (in the presence of pile foundations). Measures should be taken to compensate for possible deformations of the base, as well as to protect building structures from corrosion, taking into account the degree of aggressiveness of soils and groundwater in relation to foundations and engineering communications in accordance with SP 28.13330.
6.5. When calculating a building with a height of more than 40 m for a wind load, in addition to the conditions of strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions on the parameters of oscillations of the floors of the upper floors must be provided, due to ensuring the comfort of living.
6.6. In the event that additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of the residential building arise during the reconstruction, its supporting and enclosing structures, as well as the base soils, must be checked for these loads and effects in accordance with the current documents, regardless of the physical wear of the structures.
In this case, one should take into account the actual bearing capacity of the base soils as a result of their changes during the period of operation, as well as the increase in the strength of concrete in concrete and reinforced concrete structures over time.
6.7. When reconstructing a residential building, it is necessary to take into account changes in its structural scheme that occur during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings, additional to the original design solution, as well as the impact of the repair of structures or their reinforcement).
6.8. When reconstructing residential buildings with a change in the location of the bathrooms, appropriate additional measures should be taken for hydro, noise and vibration isolation and, if necessary, reinforcing the floors on which the installation of equipment for these bathrooms is provided.
7. Fire safety
7.1. Preventing the spread of fire
7.1.1. Fire safety of buildings of functional fire hazard class F1.3 and apartment-type dormitories of functional fire hazard class F1.2 should be ensured in accordance with the requirements, fire safety regulations and rules established in this set of rules for specially stipulated cases, and during operation - taking into account . Justification of deviations from the requirements of regulatory documents in the field of fire safety, including the requirements of section 7, can be performed in accordance with the risk calculation.
7.1.2. The permissible building height and floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard according to Table 7.1.
Table 7.1
Fire resistance of the building Class of constructive fire hazard of the building Permissible building height, m Floor area within the fire compartment, m2 I C0 75 2500
V Not standardized 5 500
Note. The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated outbuildings should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of an apartment building.
7.1.3. Buildings with fire resistance degrees I, II and III are allowed to be built on with one attic floor with load-bearing elements having a fire resistance limit of at least R45 and fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings set in Table 7.1, but located no higher than 75 m. The enclosing structures of this floor must meet the requirements for the structures of the building to be built. When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided to ensure the specified requirements.
7.1.4. Gallery structures in gallery houses must comply with the requirements for floors of these buildings.
7.1.5. In buildings with degrees of fire resistance I and II, only structural fire protection should be used to ensure the required fire resistance limit of the load-bearing elements of the building.
7.1.6. The load-bearing elements of two-storey buildings of fire resistance grade IV must have a fire resistance limit of at least R30.
7.1.7. Intersectional, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating non-apartment corridors, halls and vestibules from other premises, must comply with the requirements set out in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2
Fencing structure Minimum fire resistance and permissible fire hazard class of the structure for the building of the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard
I - III, C0 and C1 IV, C0 and C1 IV, C2
Intersection wall REI<**>45, K0<*>REI<**>15, K0<*>REI<**>15, K2 Divider EI 45, K0<*>EI 15, K0<*>EI 15, K2 Apartment wall REI<**>30, K0<*>REI<**>15, K0<*>REI<**>15, K2 Dividing wall EI 30, K0<*>EI 15, K0<*>EI 15, K2 Wall separating corridors outside the apartment from other REI premises<**>45, K0<*>REI<**>15, K0<*>REI<**>15, K2 Partition separating the out-of-apartment corridors from other premises EI 45, K0<*>EI 15, K0<*>EI 15, K2<*>For buildings of class C1, K1 is allowed.
<**>For curtain walls, no fire resistance limit is established for the “loss of bearing capacity (R)” limit state.
Intersectional and inter-apartment walls and partitions must be deaf and meet the requirements.
7.1.8. The fire resistance limit of interior partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of interior wardrobes, collapsible and sliding partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of other interior partitions, including those with doors, must correspond.
7.1.9. Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings with fire resistance II up to five floors inclusive, as well as in buildings with fire resistance III and IV, can be designed with non-standardized fire resistance and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor (including the technical corridor for laying communications) of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be type 1 fire protection.
7.1.10. Technical, basement, basement floors and attics should be divided by type 1 fire partitions into compartments with an area of not more than 500 m2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - in sections.
The fire resistance limit of doors in fireproof partitions separating rooms of category D is not standardized.
7.1.11. Fences of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more, as well as external sun protection in buildings of fire resistance degrees I, II and III with a height of five floors or more must be made of non-combustible (NG) materials.
7.1.12. The placement of built-in and built-in-attached premises in buildings of class F3 is allowed in the basement, basement, first, second (in large and largest cities) and in the third floors of an apartment building, while the premises of the residential part from public premises should be separated by fire partitions of at least 1 type and ceilings not lower than type 3 (in buildings of fire resistance I - type 2 ceilings) without openings. The waste collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and be distinguished by fire partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance limit of at least REI 60 and a fire hazard class K0.
7.1.14. The limits of fire resistance and fire hazard classes of structures of attic coverings in buildings of all degrees of fire resistance are not standardized, and the roof, rafters, lathing and filing of eaves overhangs are allowed to be made of combustible materials, with the exception of specially stipulated cases.
It is allowed to design gable structures with non-standardized fire resistance limits, while the gables must have a fire hazard class corresponding to the fire hazard class of the outer walls from the outside.
Information about the structures related to the elements of attic coatings is given by the design organization in the technical documentation for the building.
In buildings with fire resistance degrees I - IV with attic coverings, with rafters and (or) crate made of combustible materials, the roof should be made of non-combustible (NG) materials, and the rafters and lathing in buildings with fire resistance degree I should be treated with fire retardant compounds of the fire retardant group. efficiency I, in buildings with degrees of fire resistance II - IV - with fire retardants not lower than fire retardant efficiency group II or to carry out their constructive fire protection that does not contribute to the latent propagation of combustion.
In buildings of classes C0, C1, the structures of cornices, filing of cornice overhangs of attic coverings should be made of materials NG, G1, or sheathing of these elements with sheet materials of a flammability group of at least G1 should be performed. For these structures, the use of combustible heaters is not allowed (with the exception of a vapor barrier up to 2 mm thick), and they should not contribute to the latent propagation of combustion.
7.1.15. The covering of the attached or built-in-attached part of an apartment building must meet the requirements for the roofless covering, and its roof - the requirements for the operated roof of SP 17.13330. In multi-apartment buildings with degrees of fire resistance I - III, it is allowed to operate coatings that meet the operating conditions of roofs, in accordance with 4.7, 4.18 and 8.11. In this case, the fire resistance limit of the supporting structures of the coating must be at least R45, and the fire hazard class of building structures must be at least K0.
If there are windows in a residential building oriented towards the built-in and attached part of the building, the roof at a distance of 6 m from the junction must be made of non-combustible (NG) materials.
7.1.16. In residential buildings with stove heating, when arranging solid fuel storage rooms in the basement or first floor, they should be separated from other rooms by blind fire partitions of at least type 1 and ceilings of at least type 3. The exit from these pantries should be directly outside.
7.2. Evacuation support
7.2.1. The greatest distances from the doors of apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken according to table 7.3.
Table 7.3
The degree of fire resistance of the building Class of constructive fire hazard of the building The greatest distance from the apartment door to the exit, m when located between staircases or external entrances at exits to a dead-end corridor or gallery
V Not standardized 20 10
In a section of a residential building, when leaving apartments in a corridor (hall) that does not have a window opening with an area of at least 1.2 m2 at the end, the distance from the door of the most distant apartment to the exit directly to the staircase or exit to the vestibule or elevator walk-through hall leading into the air zone of a smoke-free staircase, should not exceed 12 m. If there is a window opening or smoke ventilation in the corridor (hall), this distance can be taken according to Table 7.3, as for a dead-end corridor.
7.2.2. The width of the corridor should be, m, not less: with its length between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the stairs up to 40 m - 1.4, over 40 m - 1.6. The width of the gallery should be at least 1.2 m. The corridors should be separated by partitions with doors with a fire resistance rating of EI 30, equipped with self-closing devices (closers) and located at a distance of no more than 30 m from one another and from the ends of the corridor.
7.2.3. In stairwells and elevator halls, it is necessary to provide glazed doors with reinforced glass. It is allowed to use other types of shockproof glazing that ensure the safety of people and meet the requirements of the standards for the protection class.
7.2.4. The number of emergency exits from the floor and the type of stairwells should be adopted in accordance with the requirements.
7.2.5. In residential buildings with a height of less than 28 m, designed for placement in climatic region IV and climatic subregion IIIB, instead of staircases, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible (NG) materials.
7.2.6. In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type, with a total area of apartments on the floor of up to 500 m2, it is allowed to provide access to one staircase of type H1 with a building height of more than 28 m or type L1 with a building height less than 28 m, provided that at the ends of the corridors (galleries ) there are exits to external stairs of the 3rd type, leading to the floor level of the second floor. When placing the specified staircases at the end of the building, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).
7.2.7. When superstructure existing buildings up to 28 m high with one floor, it is allowed to preserve the existing staircase of type L1, provided that the superstructure is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements.
7.2.8. With a total area of apartments on the floor of more than 500 m2, evacuation must be carried out in at least two stairwells (normal or smoke-free).
In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the floor from 500 to 550 m2, it is allowed to arrange one emergency exit from the apartments:
If the height of the upper floor is not more than 28 m - into an ordinary staircase, provided that the front ones in the apartments are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors;
If the height of the upper floor is more than 28 m - in one smoke-free staircase, provided that all premises of the apartments (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers and laundry rooms) are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors or automatic fire extinguishing.
7.2.9. For a multi-level apartment, it is allowed not to provide access to the staircase from each floor, provided that the premises of the apartment are not higher than 18 m, and the floor of the apartment, which does not have a direct exit to the staircase, is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements. The inside staircase is allowed to be made of wood.
7.2.10. Passage to the outer air zone of the staircase of type H1 is allowed through the elevator hall, while the arrangement of elevator shafts and doors in them must be made in accordance with the requirements.
7.2.11. In buildings with a height of up to 50 m with a total area of apartments on the section floor of up to 500 m2, an emergency exit may be provided to a staircase of type H2 or H3 when one of the elevators is installed in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments. In this case, the exit to the staircase H2 should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the staircase, elevator shafts, vestibules and lobbies should be type 2 fire-prevention doors.
7.2.12. In sectional houses with a height of more than 28 m, the exit to the outside from smoke-free staircases (type H1) may be arranged through the lobby (in the absence of exits to it from the parking lot and public premises), separated from the adjoining corridors by type 1 fire partitions with fire doors 2 -th type. In this case, the communication of the staircase of the H1 type with the vestibule must be arranged through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the first floor with a metal grating. On the way from the apartment to the staircase H1, there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.
7.2.13. In a building with a height of three floors or more, exits from the basement, basement floors and technical underground should be located at least 100 m apart and should not communicate with the stairwells of the residential part of the building.
Exits from the basements and basement floors may be arranged through the staircase of the residential part, taking into account the requirements.
Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building may be carried out through common staircases, and in buildings with H1 staircases - through the air zone.
7.2.14. When arranging emergency exits from the attic floors to the roof, it is necessary to provide platforms and walkways with a fence leading to the stairs of the 3rd type and P2.
7.2.15. Public premises should have entrances and evacuation exits isolated from the residential part of the building.
7.3. Fire safety requirements for engineering systems and building equipment
7.3.1. Intra-building engineering systems and intra-apartment equipment must comply with the requirements and regulations for fire safety.
Smoke protection of apartment buildings must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330, SP 5.13130, SP 7.13130.
Fire safety of electrical equipment should be carried out in accordance with SP 6.13130, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems - SP 7.13130.
The design assignment should provide for the dispatching of engineering equipment and (or) a structured monitoring and control system for engineering systems in accordance with GOST R 22.1.12, with warning and evacuation system devices in accordance with the requirements of SP 3.13130.
7.3.2. If ventilation units for air pressure and smoke removal are located in ventilation chambers, fenced off by type 1 fire partitions, then these chambers must be separate. The opening of the valves and the switching on of the fans should be provided automatically from sensors installed according to the design assignment in apartments, common areas, technical rooms, security and access control rooms (if any), and remote from buttons installed on each floor in fire hydrant cabinets.
7.3.3. The protection of buildings with automatic fire alarms should be provided in accordance with the requirements. If there is an automatic fire alarm in the building, smoke detectors should be installed in the concierge's room, in corridors and waste collection chambers.
7.3.4. The type of fire detectors installed in the front apartments of buildings with a height of more than 28 m is adopted in accordance with SP 5.13130.
7.3.5. Living quarters of apartments and dormitories (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers, laundry rooms, saunas) should be equipped with autonomous smoke detectors that meet the requirements of fire safety regulations.
7.3.6. In-house and intra-apartment electrical networks, in accordance with the requirements, should be equipped with residual current devices.
7.3.7. Gas supply systems for residential buildings should be provided in accordance with SP 62.13330.
7.3.8. Heat supply systems for apartment buildings should be provided in accordance with SP 60.13330.
7.3.9. Heat generators, cooking and heating furnaces operating on solid fuel may be provided in multi-apartment buildings with up to two storeys inclusive (excluding the basement).
7.3.10. Heat generators, including stoves and fireplaces for solid fuels, hobs and chimneys must be performed with the implementation of constructive measures in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.
7.3.11. The waste collection chamber must be protected throughout the entire area with sprinkler sprinklers. The section of the sprinkler distribution pipeline should be circular, connected to the utility and drinking water supply network of an apartment building and equipped with thermal insulation made of non-combustible (NG) materials. The cell door must be insulated.
7.3.12. In two-storey multi-apartment buildings of fire resistance degree V with four or more apartments, it is necessary to provide for the installation of self-operating fire extinguishers in the distribution (input) electrical panels of these multi-apartment buildings.
7.3.13. The location of the elevators, the fire resistance limit of the enclosing structures and the filling of the openings of the elevator shafts, elevator halls and the engine room must comply with the requirements.
7.3.14. When designing saunas in apartments of multi-apartment buildings (except for blocked ones), it is necessary to provide:
Steam room volume - in the range from 8 to 24 m3;
A special factory-made furnace for heating with automatic shutdown when the temperature reaches 130 ° C, as well as after 8 hours of continuous operation;
Placement of this stove at a distance of at least 0.2 m from the walls of the steam room;
Installation of a fireproof heat-insulating shield over the stove;
Equipment of the ventilation duct with a fire damper in accordance with SP 60.13330, SP 7.13130;
Equipment with a drencher or dry pipe connected outside the steam room to the internal water supply.
The diameter of the dry pipe is determined on the basis of the irrigation intensity of at least 0.06 l / s per 1 m2 of the wall surface, the angle of inclination of the water jet to the surface of the partitions 20 ° - 30 ° and the presence of holes in the dry pipe with a diameter of 3 - 5 mm, located with a step of 150 - 200 mm.
7.4. Providing fire extinguishing and rescue operations
7.4.1. The provision of rescue operations and fire extinguishing in multi-apartment buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements and regulatory documents on fire safety.
7.4.2. In each compartment (section) of the basement or basement floor, highlighted by fire barriers, at least two windows with dimensions of at least 0.9 x 1.2 m should be provided.The area of the clear opening of these windows must be taken by calculation, but not less than 0.2% floor area of these premises. If there is a pit in front of the window in the basement, its dimensions should allow the supply of a fire extinguishing agent from the foam generator and the removal of smoke using a smoke exhauster (the distance from the building wall to the pit boundary should be at least 0.7 m).
7.4.3. In the transverse walls of basements and technical subfields of multi-apartment buildings, the height of the openings must be at least 1.8 m, and in attics - at least 1.6 m. At the same time, the height of the threshold (if any) must not exceed 0.3 m.
7.4.4. Fire-fighting water supply should be performed in accordance with SP 8.13130 and SP 10.13130. In multi-apartment buildings up to 50 m in height, it is allowed to install an internal fire-fighting water supply system with branch pipes with valves and connecting heads brought out to the outside for connecting water fire extinguishing. The connecting heads must be placed on the facade in a place convenient for the installation of at least two fire trucks, at a height of 0.8 - 1.2 m.
7.4.5. On the domestic drinking water supply network in each apartment, a separate tap with a diameter of at least 15 mm should be provided for connecting a hose equipped with a sprayer, for use as a primary device for intra-apartment fire extinguishing to eliminate the source of fire. The length of the hose should provide the ability to supply water to any point in the apartment.
7.4.6. In residential buildings (in sectional buildings - in each section) with a height of more than 50 m, one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments.
8. Safety during use
8.1. An apartment building must be designed, erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury by residents when moving inside and near the building, when entering and exiting the building, as well as when using its elements and engineering equipment, taking into account the safe access of MGN in accordance with SP 59.13330.
8.2. The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to table 8.1.
Table 8.1
March name Minimum width, m Maximum slope
Marches of stairs leading to residential floors of buildings: - sectional two-storey 1.05 1: 1.5
Sectional three and more storey 1.05 1: 1.75
Corridor, gallery 1.2 1: 1.75
Marches of stairs leading to basement and basement floors, technical undergrounds, as well as intra-apartment stairs 0.9 1: 1.25
Note. The width of the march should be determined by the distance between the rails or between the wall and the railing.
Differences in height in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. Where necessary, handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of ascents in one flight of stairs or at a height difference should be at least 3 and no more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In multi-level apartments, intra-apartment stairs are allowed spiral or with run-in steps, while the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 0.18 m.
8.3. The height of fences for external staircases and landings, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops should be at least 1.2 m. Staircases and platforms for internal stairs should have fences with handrails at least 0.9 m high.
The barriers must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to withstand horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN / m.
The use of security systems to prevent accidental falling of children from windows is carried out only in cases of establishing such a requirement in the project, indicating in which rooms they should be installed.
8.4. Constructive solutions for the elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, the arrangement of ventilation openings, the placement of thermal insulation, etc.) must provide for protection against rodents.
8.5. The engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the regulatory documents of the state supervision bodies and the instructions of the instructions of the equipment manufacturers.
8.6. Engineering equipment and instruments in case of possible seismic impacts must be securely fastened.
8.7. In apartments on the upper floor or at any level of a multi-level apartment located last in height in residential buildings with fire resistance degrees I - III of classes C0, C1, it is allowed to install solid fuel fireplaces with autonomous chimneys in accordance with the requirements.
8.8. In an apartment building and on the adjacent territory, according to the design assignment and in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of local authorities, measures should be provided to reduce the risks of criminal manifestations and their consequences, to help protect people living in a residential building and minimize possible damage in the event of illegal actions in accordance with SP 132.13330. The security system of an apartment building must ensure the protection of in-house engineering systems and fire-fighting equipment from unauthorized access and unlawful destructive effects.
If the project provides for a security and access control room, its placement should provide a visual overview of the door of the entrance vestibule to an apartment building and passages to the staircase and elevator node and (or) the staircase of the first floor. At the premises of security and access control, access to a bathroom equipped with a toilet bowl and a sink must be provided.
8.9. In individual apartment buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be designed in accordance with SP 88.13330.
8.10. Lightning protection of multi-apartment buildings should be designed in accordance with the requirements.
8.11. On the operated roofs of residential buildings, the safety of their use should be ensured by installing appropriate fences, protecting ventilation outlets and other engineering devices located on the roof, as well as, if necessary, noise protection of the downstream premises.
On the operated roofs of built-in and attached public premises, at the entrance area, on summer non-apartment premises, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (first and intermediate) used for the construction of sports grounds for recreation of adult residents of the house, playgrounds for drying linen and cleaning clothes or tanning beds, the necessary safety measures should be provided (installation of fences and measures to protect ventilation outlets).
8.12. The electrical control room, premises for head-end stations (HS), technical centers (TC) of cable television, sound transformer substations (ZTP), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, toilets, etc.). ).
8.13. The premises of the GS, shopping center, ZTP must have entrances directly from the street; the electrical control room (including for communication equipment, an automated power supply control system, dispatching control and television) must have an entrance directly from the street or from a floor-by-floor corridor (hall); there must also be an approach from the specified corridor to the place where the SRT is installed.
8.14. The safety of elevators must be ensured at all stages of the life cycle in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53780 and technical documentation of elevator manufacturers.
8.15. In the adjoining to the perimeter of the enclosing structures of the living rooms of the apartments, in particular on the sides of the walls on the floor and the ceilings above and below, according to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, it is not allowed to place the engine room and elevator shafts, switchboard rooms.
8.16. Elements and details of structures and engineering equipment with service lives less than the expected service life of the building must be replaced, including according to the results of inspection and monitoring of the technical condition in accordance with GOST 31937 and GOST R 22.1.12 (if available in an apartment building structured system of monitoring and management of engineering systems), carried out in accordance with the overhaul periods established in the project documentation. In the design assignment, the decision on the use of elements, materials or equipment of a certain durability with a corresponding increase or decrease in overhaul periods should be established by technical and economic calculations.
8.17. The laying of main pipelines of internal heat supply systems with upper or lower wiring must be carried out on special technical floors (basement, technical underground or technical floor). It is not allowed to lay main pipelines with upper or lower wiring through the premises of apartments.
9. Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements
9.1. During the design and construction of apartment buildings, measures should be taken to ensure the fulfillment of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental requirements for the protection of human health and the environment in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, GOST 30494, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200 and SanPiN 42- 128-4690, by belonging to environmental influences and to public premises, as well as rules and regulations for the technical operation of the housing stock,,. Note. See more.
9.2. The design parameters of the air in the premises of an apartment building should be taken in accordance with SP 60.13330. The air exchange rate in the premises in the service mode should be taken in accordance with Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
Room Air exchange value
Bedroom, common room (or living room), children's room with a total area of an apartment for one person less than 20 m2 23 m3 / h per 1 m2 of living space
The same, with a total area of the apartment for one person more than 20 m2 30 m3 / h per person, but not less than 0.35 h-1
Pantry, linen, dressing room 0.2 h-1
Kitchen with electric stove 60 m3 / h
Room with gas-using equipment 100 m3 / h
A room with heat generators with a total heating capacity of up to 50 kW and a height of less than 6 m: - with an open combustion chamber<**> 1,0 <*>
With a closed combustion chamber<**> 1,0 <*>
Bathroom, shower, toilet, combined bathroom 25 m3 / h
Elevator engine room By calculation
Garbage chamber 1,0<*>
<*>The air exchange rate should be taken equal to the total volume of the room (apartment).
<**>When installing a gas stove, the air exchange should be increased by 100 m3 / h.
Note. The air exchange rate should be assigned in accordance with SP 60.13330, for built-in, attached or built-in-attached public premises - according to SP 118.13330, for parking spaces - according to SP 113.13330, for civil defense structures - according to SP 88.13330, as well as taking into account the codes of practice on the design and sanitary norms and rules corresponding to the different functional purpose of the premises. 9.3. When calculating the thermal engineering of the enclosing structures of residential buildings, the internal air temperature of the heated premises should be at least 20 ° C, relative humidity - 50%.
9.4. The heating and ventilation system of the building must be designed to provide the premises during the heating period with the internal air temperature within the optimal parameters established by section 5 of SP 60.13330.2012, with the design parameters of the external air for the corresponding construction areas.
When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must be ensured even in the warm season.
In buildings erected in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature of minus 40 ° C and below, either heating the surface of the floors of living rooms and kitchens, as well as public premises with a constant presence of people located above cold undergrounds, or thermal protection in accordance with the requirements SP 50.13330.
9.5. The ventilation system must maintain the purity (quality) of air in the premises and the uniformity of its distribution in accordance with SP 60.13330.
Ventilation can be:
With natural air inflow and outflow;
With mechanical induction of air inflow and removal, including combined with air heating;
Combined with natural inflow and removal of air with partial use of mechanical stimulation;
Hybrid with natural inflow and removal of air during cold and transitional periods and with mechanical induction of air exchange during the warm season.
9.6. In living rooms and kitchens, the air flow should be ensured through adjustable window sashes, transoms, vents, valves or other devices, including wall air valves with adjustable opening.
In apartments designed in climatic regions III and IV, the calculated air parameters and the air exchange rate (in accordance with the requirements of 9.2) should be provided in one or more of the following ways: ) ventilation, air conditioning, through or corner ventilation of apartment premises. In this case, through or corner ventilation of the premises of one-sided apartments is allowed to be performed through the staircase or through other ventilated common areas.
In buildings designed for construction in climatic region III, in skylights in living rooms and kitchens, and in climatic region IV also in loggias, in order to reduce overheating of the premises, it is necessary to provide for the constructive possibility of arranging adjustable sun protection elements that exclude obstacles to the access of fire departments.
9.7. Air removal should be provided from kitchens, toilets, bathrooms and, if necessary, from other rooms of apartments, while it should be provided for the installation of adjustable ventilation grilles and valves on the exhaust ducts and air ducts.
Air from rooms in which harmful substances or unpleasant odors can be emitted must be removed directly outside and not enter other rooms of the building, including through ventilation ducts.
Combining ventilation ducts from kitchens, toilets, bathrooms (showers), combined lavatories, food storage rooms with ventilation ducts from rooms with gas-powered equipment and car parking is not allowed.
9.8. In multi-apartment buildings, ventilation of built-in and built-in-attached public premises, in addition to those specified in 4.14, must be autonomous.
9.9. In buildings with a warm attic, air removal from the attic should be provided through one exhaust shaft for each section of an apartment building with the height of the shaft determined by the calculation of the ventilation system from the ceiling above the last floor to the top of the shaft.
9.10. In the outer walls of basements, technical underground floors and a cold attic that do not have exhaust ventilation, air vents with a total area of at least 1/400 of the floor area of the technical underground or basement should be provided, evenly spaced along the perimeter of the outer walls. The area of one vent must be at least 0.05 m2.
9.11. The duration of insolation of apartments (rooms) of an apartment building should be taken in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.
The normalized duration of insolation must be provided:
In one-, two- and three-room apartments - in at least one living room;
In four-room apartments and more - in at least two living rooms.
9.12. Living rooms and kitchens (except for kitchens-niches), public premises built into residential buildings, except for premises, the placement of which is allowed in the basement floors according to SP 118.13330, should have natural lighting.
9.13. The ratio of the area of light openings to the floor area of living rooms and kitchens should be taken at least 1: 8. For upper floors with light openings in the plane of inclined enclosing structures - not less than 1:10. The design assignment should take into account the lighting performance of the windows and the shading conditions of the opposing buildings.
9.14. Natural lighting is not standardized:
For rooms and premises located under the mezzanine and in multi-light rooms with openings in the ceilings between floors with additional natural light through the glazed enclosing structures of adjacent premises with natural light (atriums, glazed staircases);
For auxiliary premises of apartments, including utility rooms, sanitary facilities (kitchen niches, bathrooms, toilets, toilets, laundry rooms), communication rooms;
For common areas.
9.15. The normalized indicators of natural and artificial lighting of premises should be established in accordance with SP 52.13330 and GOST R 53780 for rooms with located elevator equipment, on floor areas in front of the entrance to the elevator, areas in front of the entrance to the elevator machine room.
Illumination at the entrance to the building must be at least 6 lux for horizontal surfaces and at least 10 lux for vertical (up to 2 m from the floor) surfaces.
9.16. When illuminated through skylights in the outer walls of common corridors, their length should not exceed:
24 m - if there is a light opening in one end;
48 m - at two ends.
With longer corridors, it is necessary to provide additional natural light through the light pockets. The distance between two light pockets should be no more than 24 m, and between the light pocket and the light opening at the end of the corridor - no more than 30 m. The width of the light pocket, which can serve as a staircase, must be at least 1.5 m. a pocket is allowed to illuminate corridors up to 12 m long, located on both sides. In apartment buildings designed for construction in climatic region III, light openings in living rooms and kitchens, and in climatic region IV - also in loggias within the horizon sector 200 ° - 290 °, taking into account the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645 and SanPiN 2.2.1 /2.1.1.1076 must be equipped with adjustable shading devices in accordance with GOST 33125, excluding obstacles to the access of fire departments. In two-storey apartment buildings, it is allowed to provide sun protection with means of landscaping.
9.18. The external enclosing structures of an apartment building must have thermal insulation, insulation from the penetration of cold outside air and vapor barrier from the diffusion of water vapor from the premises, ensuring:
The required temperature and the absence of moisture condensation on the internal surfaces of structures inside the premises;
Preventing the accumulation of excess moisture in structures.
The temperature difference between the internal air and the surface of the external wall structures at the design temperature of the internal air must comply with the requirements of SP 50.13330.
9.19. In climatic regions I - III, at all external entrances to multi-apartment buildings (except for entrances from the external air zone to a smoke-free staircase), vestibules or lobbies should be provided with depth and width parameters that ensure accessibility for MGN, including wheelchair users, according to SP 59.13330.
Double vestibules at the entrances to multi-apartment buildings (except for entrances from the external air zone to the smoke-free staircase) should be designed depending on the number of storeys of buildings and the area of their construction in accordance with Table 9.2.
Table 9.2
Average temperature of the coldest five-day period, ° C Double vestibule in buildings with the number of floors
Minus 20 or more 16 or more
Below minus 20 to minus 25 incl. 12 " "
"" 25 "" 35 "10" "
35 35 40 4 4
"" 40 1 ""
Notes:
1. At the direct entrance to the apartment, a double vestibule should be designed with an unheated staircase.
2. A veranda can be used as a vestibule.
9.20. The premises of the building must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt and ground water and possible household water leaks from engineering systems by constructive means and technical devices.
9.21. Roofs should be designed with an organized drain. It is allowed to provide for an unorganized drain from the roofs of two-story apartment buildings, provided that visors are installed over the entrances and blind areas.
9.22. It is not allowed to place a toilet and a bathroom (shower) above living rooms and kitchens. Placement of a toilet and a bathroom (shower) on the upper level above the kitchen is allowed in apartments located on two levels.
9.23. During the construction of buildings in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures should be taken to isolate floors and basement walls in contact with the ground in order to prevent the penetration of soil gas from the ground into the building, and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of the relevant sanitary standards.
9.24. Sound insulation of external and internal enclosing structures of residential premises of an apartment building should ensure a decrease in sound pressure from external sources of noise, including shock, and noise that does not exceed the permissible values according to SP 51.13330 and SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562.
Inter-apartment walls and partitions must have an airborne noise insulation index of at least 52 dB.
9.25. When multi-apartment buildings are located in an area with an increased level of traffic noise, noise reduction in residential buildings should be carried out by using a special noise-proof layout and (or) structural and technical means of noise protection, including external enclosing structures and fillings of window openings with increased sound-insulating properties.
9.26. Noise levels from engineering equipment and other indoor noise sources should not exceed the established permissible levels and not more than 2 dBA exceed the background values determined when the indoor noise source is not in operation, both in the daytime and at night. To ensure an acceptable noise level, it is not allowed to fix sanitary appliances and pipelines directly to the inter-apartment walls and partitions that enclose living rooms; it is not allowed to place a machine room and elevator shafts, a garbage collection chamber, a garbage chute shaft and a device for its cleaning and washing above living rooms, under them and also adjacent to them.
9.28. When arranging bathrooms in bedrooms, it is recommended, according to the design assignment, to separate them from each other by built-in wardrobes between them in order to protect them from noise.
9.29. The supply of drinking water to the house should be provided from the centralized water supply network of the settlement. In areas without centralized engineering networks for one-, two-storey buildings, it is allowed to provide individual and collective water supply sources from underground aquifers or reservoirs at the rate of a daily consumption of household drinking water of at least 60 liters per person. In areas with limited water resources, the estimated daily water consumption may be reduced on the basis of territorial regulatory legal acts.
9.30. To remove wastewater, a sewerage system must be provided - centralized or local in accordance with the rules established by SP 30.13330.
Wastewater should be disposed of without contamination of the territory and aquifers.
9.31. Devices for the collection and disposal of solid municipal waste and waste from the operation of public premises built into an apartment building must be made in accordance with the rules for the operation of the housing stock established by local authorities, taking into account SanPiN 2.1.2.2645 and SanPiN 42-128-4690.
9.32. The need for a garbage chute in residential buildings is determined by the customer in agreement with local authorities and taking into account the garbage disposal system adopted in the settlement.
In newly constructed and reconstructed multi-apartment buildings with five storeys and above, garbage chutes should be arranged in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 42-128-4690.
A garbage chute is mandatory in multi-apartment buildings for the disabled and the elderly with two or more storeys.
For newly constructed and reconstructed apartment buildings with less than five storeys, it is allowed not to arrange garbage chutes, provided that separate collection and daily disposal of solid municipal and food waste is ensured.
The garbage chamber, the trunk of the garbage chute and the device for its cleaning and washing are not allowed to be located adjacent to the enclosing structures of living rooms and inside the enclosing structures of living rooms.
Garbage chute loading valves should be located on landings.
The garbage chute must be equipped with devices for periodic cleaning, disinfection in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 42-128-4690.
Note. See more.
The waste collection chamber should be equipped with water supply, sewerage, lighting, devices for the mechanization of waste reception and exhaust ventilation. In the design assignment, a place for placing and connecting equipment, including a device that generates ozone within the sanitary standards for disinfection and deodorization of the chamber and the barrel of the garbage chute using the ozonation method, should be provided in the garbage collection chamber.
The entrance to the waste collection chamber must be isolated from the entrance to the building and other premises; the front door must have a sealed porch.
9.33. Residential floors and floors with premises for preschool educational organizations and medical institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor or a floor with non-residential premises to protect against the penetration of exhaust gases and above-standard noise levels.
9.34. In multi-apartment residential buildings in the first, basement or basement floors, a storage room for cleaning equipment should be provided with a sink.
9.35. When designing built-in, attached and built-in-attached public premises related to the production of goods and services, negative impacts should be excluded and the standardized indicators of living conditions in residential premises provided for by SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, SanPiN 2.3.6.1079 and GOST 30494, including number according to the levels allowed in residential premises and in the adjacent territory:
Noise during operation of ventilation equipment, engineering systems, as well as equipment of built-in institutions and enterprises;
Air pollution from engineering systems, ventilation equipment and vehicles serving built-in institutions and enterprises.
Should be carried out indoors and in the adjacent territory:
Separation of traffic flows of residents and visitors and cargo delivery;
Functional and planning zoning of the local area when arranging passages under the building, platforms, landing stages and other devices for unloading vehicles.
10. Durability and maintainability
10.1. The supporting structures of the building must maintain their properties in accordance with the requirements of this code of practice during the expected service life, which may be specified in the design assignment.
10.2. The load-bearing structures of the building, which determine its strength and stability, during the service life of the building must retain their properties within acceptable limits, taking into account the requirements of GOST 27751, SP 16.13330, SP 20.13330, SP 63.13330 and SP 70.13330.
10.3. Elements, parts, equipment with service lives less than the expected service life of the building must be replaced in accordance with the overhaul periods established in the project and taking into account the requirements of the design assignment. The decision to use elements, materials or equipment of varying degrees of durability with a corresponding increase or decrease in overhaul periods is established by technical and economic calculations. At the same time, materials, structures and construction technology should be selected taking into account the provision of minimum subsequent costs for repair, maintenance and operation.
10.4. Structures and parts must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low temperatures, aggressive environment, biological and other adverse factors in accordance with SP 28.13330.
If necessary, appropriate measures should be taken against the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the bearing and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures by means of sufficient sealing of structures or ventilation of closed spaces and air spaces.
10.5. Butt joints of prefabricated elements and laminated structures should be designed to withstand temperature and humidity deformations and forces arising from uneven settlement of foundations and other operational influences. Sealing and sealing materials used in joints must retain elastic and adhesion properties when exposed to negative temperatures and moisture, and also be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures in the places of their conjugation.
10.6. It should be possible to access equipment, fittings and devices of the building's engineering systems and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
Equipment and pipelines must be fixed to the building structures of the building in such a way that their performance is not impaired by possible movements of the structures.
10.7. When constructing buildings in areas with difficult geological conditions, subject to seismic impacts, underworking, subsidence and other ground movements, including frost heaving, engineering communications should be carried out taking into account the need to compensate for possible deformations of the foundation in accordance with the requirements established for various engineering networks.
11. Energy saving
11.1. The building, in accordance with the requirements, must be designed and erected in such a way that, while meeting the established requirements for the internal microclimate of premises and other living conditions, an efficient and economical use of energy resources is ensured during its operation in accordance with the requirements and while ensuring the parameters of the microclimate of the premises in accordance with GOST 30494 and sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.2645, subject to the set of requirements of SP 50.13330 and SP 60.13330.
11.2. Compliance with the requirements of codes of practice for energy saving is assessed according to the thermal characteristics of building envelopes in accordance with the requirements of SP 50.13330 to the heat-protective shell of the building envelope and to the efficiency of engineering systems or by the integrated indicator of the specific heat energy consumption for heating, ventilation and air conditioning in an apartment building in in accordance with SP 60.13330.11.3. When assessing the energy efficiency of a building based on the thermal performance of its building structures and engineering systems, the requirements of this set of rules are considered fulfilled under the following conditions:
1) the reduced resistance to heat transfer and air permeability of the enclosing structures is not lower than those required by SP 50.13330;
2) heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water supply systems have automatic or manual control;
3) the engineering systems of the building are equipped with metering devices for heat energy, cold and hot water, electricity and gas with centralized supply.
11.4. When assessing the energy efficiency of a building based on the integrated indicator of the specific energy consumption for its heating and ventilation, the requirements of this set of rules are considered fulfilled if the calculated value of the specific energy consumption for maintaining the normalized parameters of the microclimate and air quality in the building does not exceed the maximum permissible standard value. In this case, condition 3) 11.3 must be satisfied.
11.5. In order to achieve optimal technical and economic characteristics of an apartment building and further reduce the specific energy consumption for heating, it is necessary to provide:
The most compact space-planning solutions for multi-apartment buildings, including those contributing to a reduction in the surface area of external walls, an increase in the width of the building body, etc.;
The orientation of the apartment building and its premises in relation to the cardinal points, taking into account the prevailing directions of the cold wind and solar radiation fluxes;
Use of effective engineering equipment of the appropriate range of products with increased efficiency;
Utilization of waste air and waste water heat, use of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, etc.);
The use of vertical transport means (elevators, escalators) with an established design assignment with an energy efficiency class in accordance with GOST R 56420.3 for elevators and GOST R 56420.2 for escalators.
If, as a result of these measures, conditions 11.4 are satisfied and a longer cooling time of the building is provided with lower values of the heat transfer resistance of the enclosing structures than is required by SP 50.13330, then it is allowed to accordingly reduce the heat transfer resistance of the enclosing structures in relation to the normalized ones.
The thermal technical characteristics of an apartment building and the energy efficiency class should be entered in the energy passport of an apartment building and subsequently clarified according to the results of operation and taking into account the energy saving measures taken in accordance with.
11.6. In order to control the energy saving of an apartment building according to the normative indicators, the project documentation must contain the section "Measures to ensure compliance with energy saving requirements and the requirements for equipping buildings, structures and structures with metering devices for energy resources used". This section should contain: a list of measures to comply with the established requirements for energy conservation, the rationale for the choice of optimal architectural, structural and engineering solutions; a list of energy saving requirements that an apartment building must comply with during commissioning.
Appendix A (mandatory)
RULES FOR DETERMINING BUILDING AREA AND ITS PREMISES, BUILDING AREA, FLOORS AND CONSTRUCTION VOLUME
A.1. Rules for determining the area of a building, area of premises, building area and number of storeys of a building, construction volume
A.1.1. The building area is defined as the area of the horizontal section along the outer edge of the building at the basement level, including protruding parts, including the porch and terraces. The area under the building located on the supports, as well as the driveways under it, are included in the building area.
A.1.2. The area of the building (area of a residential building) is determined within the building volume of the building as the sum of the floor areas.
A.1.3. The floor area of the building is determined inside the building volume of the building and is measured between the inner surfaces of the enclosing structures of the outer walls (in the absence of outer walls - the axes of the outer columns) at the floor level, excluding the baseboards.
The floor area includes the area of balconies, loggias, terraces and verandas, as well as landings and steps, taking into account their area at the level of this floor.
Floor area does not include the area of openings for elevators and other shafts taken into account on the lower floor.
Underground areas for ventilation of a building, an unexploited attic, a technical underground, a technical attic, non-apartment utilities with vertical (in canals, shafts) and horizontal (in the interfloor space) wiring, as well as vestibules, porticos, porches, outdoor open stairs and ramps to the square buildings are not included.
When calculating the total area of the building, the used roof is equal to the area of the terraces.
A.1.4. The area of rooms, premises for auxiliary use and other premises of residential buildings should be determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding skirting boards).
A.1.5. The area occupied by a stove, including a stove with a fireplace, which are included in the heating system of the building, and are not decorative, are not included in the area of rooms and other premises.
A.1.6. The area of non-glazed balconies, loggias, and terraces should be determined by their dimensions, measured along the inner contour (between the building wall and the fence), excluding the area occupied by the fence.
The area of public premises located in the volume of a residential building is calculated according to SP 118.13330.
A.1.7. When determining the number of storeys of a building, all above-ground floors are taken into account, including the technical floor, the attic, as well as the basement floor, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m higher than the average planning level of the earth.
When determining the number of floors, all floors are taken into account, including underground, basement, basement, aboveground, technical, attic, etc.
The underground under the building, regardless of its height, as well as the interfloor space and the technical attic with a height of less than 1.8 m, are not included in the number of above-ground floors.
With a different number of floors in different parts of the building, as well as when placing a building on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of storeys is determined separately for each part of the building.
When determining the number of storeys of a building for calculating the number of elevators, the technical floor located above the upper floor is not taken into account.
A.1.8. The building volume of a residential building is defined as the sum of the building volume above the ± 0.000 mark (aboveground part) and below this mark (underground part).
The building volume is determined within the bounding external surfaces with the inclusion of enclosing structures, skylights and other superstructures, starting from the level of the finished floor of the aboveground and underground parts of the building, excluding protruding architectural details and structural elements, canopies, porticos, balconies, terraces, the volume of passages and spaces under the building on supports (clean), ventilated subfields and underground channels. A.2. Rules for determining the area of apartments, the total area of apartments
A.2.1. The area of apartments is determined as the sum of the areas of all heated premises (living rooms and auxiliary premises intended to meet domestic and other needs), excluding unheated premises (loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces, cold storage rooms and vestibules).
A.2.2. The area under the march of an intra-apartment staircase on an area with a height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding staircase structures of 1.6 m or less is not included in the area of the room in which the staircase is located.
When determining the area of rooms or rooms located in the attic floor, it is recommended to apply a reduction factor of 0.7 for the area of parts of a room with a ceiling height of 1.6 m - at angles of inclination of the ceiling up to 45 °, and for the area of parts of a room with a ceiling height of 1 , 9 m - from 45 ° and more. The areas of parts of the premises with a height of less than 1.6 and 1.9 m at the corresponding angles of inclination of the ceiling are not taken into account. A room height of less than 2.5 m is allowed for no more than 50% of the area of such a room.
A.2.3. The total area of an apartment is the sum of the areas of its heated rooms and premises, built-in wardrobes, as well as unheated rooms, calculated with decreasing coefficients established by the rules of technical inventory.
Appendix B (mandatory)
RULES FOR DETERMINING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF PASSENGER ELEVATORS IN A RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDING
Table B.1
Number of storeys of a building Number of elevators Loading capacity, kg Speed, m / s Largest floor area of apartments, m2 Up to 9 1630 or 1000 1.0 600
10 - 12 2 400 1,0 600
630 or 1000 13 - 17 2 400 1.0 450
630 or 1000 18 - 19 2 400 1.6 450
630 or 1000 20 - 25 3 400 1.6 350
630 or 1000 630 or 1000 20 - 25 4 400 1.6 450
400 630 or 1000 630 or 1000 Notes:
1. The minimum dimensions of an elevator car with a lifting capacity of 630 or 1000 kg should be 2100 x 1100 mm.
2. The table is compiled on the basis of: 18 m2 of the total area of the apartment per person, floor height 2.8 m, lift interval 81 - 100 s.
3. In residential buildings in which the values of the floor area of apartments, the height of the floor and the total area of the apartment per one resident differ from those adopted in this table, the number, carrying capacity and speed of passenger elevators are set by calculation.
4. In residential buildings with multi-level apartments located on the upper floors, it is allowed to stop passenger elevators on one of the apartment floors. In this case, the number of storeys of the building for calculating the number of elevators is determined by the floor of the upper stop.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures"
Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements"
Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation"
Federal Law of November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ “Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part one"
Federal Law of December 29, 2004 No. 190-FZ "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation"
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87 "On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content"
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 47 of January 28, 2006 "On Approval of the Regulation on the Recognition of Premises as Residential Premises, Residential Premises Unsuitable for Living and an Apartment Building as Emergency and Subject to Demolition or Reconstruction"
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 306 "On Approval of the Rules for Establishing and Determining Standards for the Consumption of Utilities Services"
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 19, 2006 No. 20 "On engineering surveys for the preparation of design documentation, construction, reconstruction of capital construction facilities"
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 "On fire safety"
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354 "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings"
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 25, 2011 No. 18 "On Approval of the Rules for Establishing Energy Efficiency Requirements for Buildings, Structures, Structures and Requirements for the Rules for Determining the Energy Efficiency Class of Apartment Buildings"
PUE Electrical Installation Code (7th ed.)
MDK 2-03.2003 Rules and Norms for the Technical Operation of the Housing Stock
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