Miniature house. Small houses - design and design of comfortable dwellings (65 photo ideas)
Quality is more important than size. Most likely, it is these words that guide people who look at the projects of small houses for themselves and decide to build them. In fact, there can be a huge number of reasons for building a small house: some decide to save a little on building materials in this way, someone wants to stand out from the general background of classic houses and surprise neighbors with their taste and eccentricity.
Is there any accurate information about how many square meters will make a person happy? It is difficult to disagree with the fact that a small house can look attractive, and sometimes even fabulous.
What is the popularity of small houses?
Every year, small private houses are becoming more and more popular, which is mainly due to the fact that people decide to make their lives easier, but brighter.
At the request of young people, the projects of small houses are constantly being improved in various ways, and today a real breakthrough has taken place - the designers, together with the designers, have turned small houses into a single style, calling it eco-life.
There are already several companies in the United States of America whose main specialization is beautiful small houses built on an area of ten to fifty square meters.
It is hard to believe that in such a small area it is really possible to fit all the necessary things, but it is true. With a small area, it is very important to pay due attention to the organization of the internal space so that it is used as efficiently as possible.
Young people, of course, are no strangers to living in real Spartan conditions. For them, the main thing is to have a roof over their heads when it rains.
Many of the students have already appreciated the interesting work of the popular architect Van Bo Le Mentzel, whose house seems to be missing only one thing - a rope so that it can be carried with you when traveling. His houses look so unusual that people even come from other cities to see him live.
It should be noted that the largest area of this type of houses is approximately 40 sq.m., however, in practice, almost all buildings are much smaller. In addition to the attractive price, buyers are also lured by the interior of a small house, which, as a rule, is incredibly neat and comfortable.
Looking through photos of small houses, you can see one of the most original options offered by Californian artist Gregory Kloehn. Almost all of his houses are made either from garbage containers or from recycled materials, and after construction, he hands over the keys to them not only to buyers, but also to the homeless.
Not all homeowners are happy with their minimum living conditions, so they try to use small rooms to the maximum, resorting to the use of modern technologies for this.
In this regard, it is impossible not to note the Egg House, built by dmvA. It contains a kitchen, a bathroom, a bed, as well as several niches at once, in which it will be convenient to store various things. When opening the nose of the house, it can be used as the most ordinary veranda.
small house bedroom design
One of the most important rooms in the house, regardless of its area, is the room in which you fall asleep and wake up. After all, the bedroom is the place where you can restore your strength after a hard day's work. Of course, it is much more pleasant to spend precious and long-awaited hours of relaxation on a comfortable bed in a room where you can also arrange all the most important things.
Even if the room is very small, it is necessary that it be equipped according to all the requirements of homeowners. Do not worry if the design of a small house allows you to place only a bed in the room, because in this case you can use wall cabinets instead of the usual cabinets installed near the bed.
It is worth noting that the less various distracting things in the room, the better it will be possible to relax in it and recuperate for the next fruitful day.
If there is a little more space, then it is better to opt for a medium-sized bed. In this case, the space that you save can be used as additional storage systems. This is especially important in houses and apartments with a small area.
How to equip a kitchen in a small house?
Cooking is an integral daily process for any woman. Even in the case when the size of the room is very modest, it will be necessary to cook food, so it is important to use every centimeter efficiently.
When choosing a kitchen set, special attention should be paid to ensuring that each cabinet must have its own purpose and perform its functions.
If a separate room was not allocated for the kitchen during the construction of the house, then it is worth using any free space. For example, to place various kitchen attributes, you can use the passageway located next to the exit from the house.
When space is limited, country houses do not have to be forced with huge kitchen sets. Today, in almost any hardware store you can find great helpers, namely high quality hanging shelves and roof rails at an affordable price.
Bathroom design for small houses
Having a bathroom is always a must. Even if there is very little space, it is very important to create an atmosphere that will truly promote relaxation.
In order to use the space ergonomically, in no case should you pile up the room with various non-essential details.
It is better to turn to sanitary ware and bathroom furniture brands that offer great solutions, like shelving installed right above the toilet.
A small wooden house can be built independently in a short time, since it will need quite a few materials, as well as free space. It is worth noting that such houses are very often built not for themselves, but for guests.
The interior of a small house can be the most ordinary - use more wooden furniture in the design, pay attention to interesting ideas for storing a variety of little things, and in order to correctly place accents in the rooms - use accessories in bright colors.
Photo of small houses
A frame house is a great solution for a country house. This design is built in a short period of time and does not require special building skills. Today we will talk about how to build a frame house on the site, talk about the main stages of construction and the mistakes made, which are easy to avoid. The design really exists, it was made by hand.
frame house project
Preparing a frame house project is the initial and most important stage of construction. allows you to erect buildings of different heights and purposes on the site. We decided to build a light 6 by 4 frame house on the site, consisting of one single room, with four windows and a hip roof. Insulation of the house was not provided, since it is planned to use it exclusively in the summer.
You can find it online, or you can draw a project yourself. To develop the project, special programs are mainly used, but if the house does not have complex architectural solutions, you can draw it by hand on a regular sheet of paper.
The project of a frame house on a piece of paper.
The drawing must necessarily indicate all the functional parts of the house, such as door and window openings, the structure of the roof, the thickness of the walls, the floor, you can indicate what materials will be used in the work and calculate the approximate cost of construction in order to build a frame house inexpensively.
It is the design drawing that allows you to determine what economic costs will be needed for construction.
The foundation of a frame house
After the decision was made to build a frame house for a summer residence and a rough plan was drawn up for it, you can proceed to the selection of a suitable site for construction. The surface, preferably, should be flat, then there will be no problems with installing the foundation and installing the floor.
The lags were treated with protective impregnation.
We decided to do without a foundation and proceeded to build the floor directly on the ground, which was leveled with gravel. This is the first and main mistake when we started building an inexpensive frame house.
Installation of a floor log on gravel.
We built the floor frame from nine boards 150x50 mm, six meters long, which allowed us to install transverse floor joists without joints along the entire length of the house. In addition, two more boards of four meters were used, which were put on the end of the log. The distance between the floor lags was made by 500 mm, which is quite enough for a given thickness of the board and the thickness of the plywood for the floor.
Before you thoroughly knock together the logs of the floor among themselves, you need to make sure that the diagonals of this base are equal to each other. You also need to check the location of the frame house relative to the neighboring fence and. It is important to check the horizontal level of the floor lags that are on the rubble, and if you need to easily add it.
Despite the fact that a turnkey frame house is considered a fairly lightweight structure and you can build it right on the ground, the foundation of a frame house performs certain functions:
- Evenly distributes the load from the entire structure.
- Provides durability of a design, protecting it from freezing, ground waters.
- Prevents warping and shrinkage during ground movement.
Strip foundation
Before building, it is better to choose a strip foundation for that type of construction. You will spend more time and effort on construction, but you will make the entire structure durable. The strip foundation will be especially in demand if the construction is carried out on stable soils.
Strip foundation on rubble.
When erecting a strip foundation, you can organize additional rooms in the basement. If the basement is not planned, then soil remains inside the foundation contour. Please note that the width of the strip foundation should be greater than the thickness of the walls of your frame house.
After the construction of the foundation is completed, the lower floor trim is installed, it is performed using a beam or board placed on the end. The board is installed along the perimeter of the foundation, or along the perimeter of the future house directly on the ground (as in our case). The joints are connected with nails; the structure can be further strengthened with the help of special metal brackets. To enhance the bearing capacity of the floor structure, transverse logs are installed.
On a note
The floor board must be treated with an antiseptic.
During the construction of our house, we immediately proceeded to install the frame, however, after tying, it is advisable to start arranging the subfloor. If the house is planned to be used not only in the summer, insulation material is laid between the lags, then a vapor barrier film, the last layer is plywood sheets.
frame house
The do-it-yourself frame country house has a lightweight design and a lightweight frame. The frame of the frame house is attached to the floor trim.
Installation of the walls of the frame house.
Initially, corner posts are installed; metal brackets can be used for secure fastening, but we did without their use. The U-shaped frame of the wall is knocked together at the bottom and necessarily fastened with corner braces, and only after that it rises and is fixed on temporary supports.
The power frame of the walls of the summer house.
To ensure greater structural reliability, we attached each corner post with additional braces at the top and bottom, so they protect the frame house in the photo from loosening. We nailed two corner posts of the frame in each corner with 100 mm nails.
After installing the main corner posts, you can begin to fix the remaining one on a four-meter wall and two posts on a six-meter wall. The boards of the upper trim along the long wall are fastened together by two beams.
hip roof
Once the main load-bearing frame of the frame garden house has been erected, you can begin to build the roof truss system.
Hip roof ridge with central rafters.
We decided on the type of roof and its slope at the stage of drafting the project of the future house. A small frame house will have a hip roof, with a minimum slope of 20 degrees for that type of roof. In the hip roof, two slopes are trapezoidal, the other two are triangular.
The frame summer house has a hip roof, which provides additional protection for the entire structure due to the fact that all slopes are inclined.
At the first stage of the construction of the truss system, the Mauerlat is installed - a special wooden beam or board, which is installed around the entire perimeter of the frame walls. In this case, we did without the muerlat, and the load was distributed over the upper harness, which has good rigidity due to the fact that it stands on the end of the board.
The power frame of the hip roof.
At the next stage, a ridge run is mounted, the size of which must be calculated correctly, since it is on this component of the roof that the main load falls. The ridge run, two meters long, and the central rafters were assembled on the ground, and only then they went up and mounted.
After fixing the ridge run, they are engaged in the installation of diagonal rafters, which, like the ridge itself, are made of a board 150 by 50 mm. Diagonal rafters rest with one edge against the ridge, and with the other edge against the corner where the upper harness of the house converges. All fastenings are made using ordinary metal nails, which does not affect the strength of the structure.
When the power frame of the hip roof is ready, you can continue to build the roof further. Intermediate rafters and outdoor rafters are fastened, which we made from two inches hammered together.
Hip roof truss system.
After installing the truss system, it is necessary to mount the hip roof sheathing. We made it from an inch and started nailing it from the cornice overhang upwards to the ridge, with the same distance between the boards of the crate.
Roof truss system.
A one-story frame house can be covered with roofing and a regular metal profile can be used. It is easy to work with such roofing material, it is coated with special substances that protect against corrosion and premature destruction. Other advantages of this roofing material include light weight, affordable cost and a huge range of colors.
Before installing the material, you need to worry about additional protection of the structure. For these purposes, you can use a waterproofing material that is attached directly to the truss system with metal brackets. But we did not use it for the reason that the frame house will not be insulated.
Metal profile roof.
The installation of the metal profile starts from the end of the roof. The main thing is to correctly install the first sheet, the location of all subsequent ones depends on it. The first sheet of the metal profile is attached to the ridge run with self-tapping screws, all subsequent sheets are overlapped with the previous sheets and connected with self-tapping screws.
Outer cladding of the house
After the completion of the construction of the roof, you can proceed to the sheathing of the frame. In our case, the frame of the frame house was sheathed on the outside with OSB sheets. At the same time, only two distant walls were sheathed with OSB, one of them was directed to the fence, and the other to the side. Before the OSB sheets were screwed onto the screws, we installed additional 100 mm inch racks.
Sheathing of external walls with OSB sheets.
For the summer frame house, we decided to make four large square windows of 1500 mm each, because we wanted more light. We also made the frame for the windows from an inch board, it turned out to be light, because the entire load is carried by the load-bearing frame of the garden house, made from a board 150 by 50 mm.
Frame for four windows.
Two front sides of the frame country house were sheathed with a block house to give the design individuality. Due to the fact that they built the house only on weekends, they immediately treated the block house with a special impregnation for mahogany wood.
Sheathing of the front wall with a block house.
In the place where the door is mounted in the house, two racks from the board 150 by 50 were installed to secure the door more securely.
Sheathing and door installation.
If you plan to live in a house not only in hot weather, then after working with a block house, it is important to insulate with mineral wool and waterproof the internal walls. The waterproofing film is attached around the entire perimeter of the interior, it simply closes the opening. After attaching, the film is carefully trimmed and fixed inside the window and door opening using a construction stapler.
Frame house without inserted windows.
After that, you can begin to finish the frame house with your own hands.
The interior lining of the house
The interior lining of the house is done with lining. Since the frame garden house was originally planned to be used only in the summer season, the walls were not insulated, the frame was simply sheathed with OSB sheets and a blockhouse.
Finishing of internal walls with clapboard.
To improve the performance of the structure, insulation is performed. At the last stage, we already wrote about how to properly lay the waterproofing film after installing the insulation. Most often, in such structures, either mineral wool or ordinary foam is used.
Can be built on a summer cottage, they are made of special panels, the design of which already provides for both insulation and waterproofing. A lining is attached on top of the insulation.
Windows and doors
When fixing windows, openings must be left, which will be filled with mounting foam. If there is no protective transport film in the profile, it is better to glue it around the perimeter with mounting tape, this procedure will protect the structure from the expansion of the mounting foam.
Installation of single sash windows.
Our inexpensive frame house used windows that open like a balcony to the sides. If during installation you have difficulties, it is better to involve specialists in the work. It is from the correct installation of window and door profiles that the protection of the room from cold and moisture will depend.
On a note
The mounting foam is carefully trimmed only after complete hardening, at the same stage all protective films are removed.
Laminate on the floor
It is possible to proceed with the installation of the finished floor only after the completion of work with the installation of windows and doors, otherwise the air entering the room from the street can cause damage to the floor covering.
Laminate flooring in the house.
In our frame garden house, we decided to use high-quality laminate. Laying is carried out on a subfloor made of plywood, on top of which a special sealing material is laid.
Roof insulation with foam
After completing the flooring work, we thought about the issues of roof insulation and additionally increase sound insulation during rain. This is another serious mistake - it is advisable to finish all the finishing work, including the roof, and only then proceed with the installation of the flooring, otherwise there is a high risk of simply ruining the floor.
Roof insulation with styrofoam.
We decided to insulate the frame country house with our own hands with foam. The foam panels are attached to the truss system from the inside of the house tightly to each other, if gaps remain, cold air will easily enter the room. Between the roof sheathing and the foam, it is not necessary to fix the waterproofing film.
Roof sheathing with OSB panels.
From above, the foam is sheathed with OSB panels, after which it will be possible to start finishing the roof or leave everything as it is.
Nearly finished finish.
Today we talked about how to build a frame garden house with our own hands, based on personal experience. Some mistakes were made during the construction process, but they practically did not affect the overall functionality of the structure.
The frame house was built for several years, because most of the time was on weekends and only on our own. With such construction with your own hands, you can expect that the prices for frame houses will be low. In our example, you saw that every person can build a frame house, even without deep building skills.
Experts say that a modern comfortable house does not have to be large. In fact, 28 m is enough for a person to live a normal life. 2 . It turns out that a family of four will feel comfortable in a house with an area of slightly less than 120 m 2 . And such a house can rightfully be called small.
As a rule, projects of small houses are one-story. But at the request of the customer, you can complete the full-fledged second floor or attic.
In order to accommodate all living rooms in a relatively small area and ensure comfortable living for the family, the size of technical and utility rooms is reduced. Although the space is organized according to the same principles as in any other project. But there are features that are due to the need to strictly save usable space.
Small house project: fight for every square meter
- When designing small ones, architects minimize the use of internal partitions. Thus, the premises, different in their functionality, are combined into a single space. For example, the living room, dining room, kitchen are grouped into a daily area and separated purely visually - with the help of design techniques. The project of a small house allows you to rationally use every square meter of usable area. At the same time, additional rooms remain isolated.
- The bedrooms of family members, bathrooms, dressing rooms form a night zone and are located in such a way as to protect the personal space of the residents of the house from outsiders as much as possible. If the house is two-story, then the night zone is taken out there.
- The utility area, consisting of bathrooms, a boiler room and other utility rooms, is being tried to be designed to a minimum size.
- In order to productively use non-residential space, they seek to limit the number of corridors and passages.
- If the house is two-story, there should be two bathrooms. In order to reduce costs during the installation of engineering networks, they are placed one above the other. In a one-story house, the bathroom is placed so that it has a common riser with the kitchen.
Pros of small house projects
- The construction of a small house does not depend on the configuration and size of the land.
- The construction of such a house, and also cost much less.
- Short terms of design and construction.
- Relatively low utility bills and easy home maintenance.
Small house projects: results
A carefully thought-out project of a small house allows you to rationally use every square meter of usable area. Thanks to this, the customer receives modern comfortable housing for relatively little money. Therefore, we recommend choosing professional small house projects from Dom4m.
Owning your own home is everyone's dream. Someone needs an apartment, someone needs a detached house. As for the latter, it is safe to say that houses are an expensive pleasure.
There is still a way out, since you can build a small house, but at the same time very functional and comfortable.
In addition to the fact that a small house can be used for permanent residence, it can also serve as:
- Like a country house for rest;
- As a small cottage;
- Guest house on the territory of the main housing.
The construction of a small dwelling takes much less money, material and labor resources, but at the same time, small houses can look no less presentable than large dwelling options. Small-sized housing has its own characteristics, as well as pros and cons, which will be discussed below.
Features of mini-houses
Mini-houses are definitely more advantageous in relation to ordinary houses when it comes to money, because for the construction of mini-housing, the monetary costs are lower. As for the area for accommodating rooms, a medium-sized dwelling wins.
But you can look at it all from a different point of view. If finances are limited, then you need to include fantasy. The mini-house has one very good feature - here there is an organization not of rooms, but of places for certain things.
By and large, for a normal life you need:
- Place for cooking;
- A place to sleep, rest;
- Place for "washing" procedures;
- A place to gather guests.
If you have some work to do, then with a laptop, a book or something else, you can perfectly fit by the window, on the sofa or behind the kitchen bar.
In fact, the space can be single, but divided into "compartments". A sleeping place can be arranged according to the principle of beds, under the ceiling of the house.
Advantages
Even a mini-house can become a real pride for its owner. Such housing has a lot of advantages, which should be noted:
- Maximum functionality. Every square meter of space is used for something. For example, built-in wardrobes under the windows, shelves along the walls, drawers under the bed.
- Optimal price. Even a young family can afford such a house, without taking out a loan, but subject to the accumulation of funds.
- Minimum utility costs. The area is small, which means that the cost of electricity and heating will be much lower.
- It will also be cheaper to repair. If, for example, a plastered foundation cracks or something happens, say, to the roof, then restoration will require much less money, as well as other means.
- If desired and possible, the house can be transformed. What does it mean? You can make an extension in the form of another room, or go up - build a second floor. It's great when, with initial limited opportunities, you can build a small house, from scratch and your own, and then gradually build it up if necessary.
Flaws
Yes, there are also disadvantages that concern:
- House area. It turns out that in a mini-house there is no place to disperse at all: you cannot gather a large company, there will be nowhere to do sports or other types of vigorous activity.
- Close proximity, thin walls- this is all discomfort in some way for each member of the family, even if it is only two people. Sometimes it is necessary and useful to be alone, to think over some important points, or just to engage in mental activity so that nothing distracts you once again.
Take a ready-made project or create it yourself?
When there is a choice about how best to proceed: use the services of professionals or do all the calculations yourself, it is worth noting that the finished project has many advantages that cannot be ignored.
Here they are:
- Specialists will carefully inspect the site for future construction, identify all its features, which the owner may not be aware of.
- They will listen to all the wishes of the customer and implement them as accurately as possible in the finished project. The customer is freed from the puzzle of how to turn their desires into reality. For example, questions may arise about combining the corridor and the kitchen, how to do it more competently. Here we are talking about zoning.
- Calculate construction costs. The final amount can be adjusted with the customer to the monetary figure that he can afford.
- Turnkey project specialists will purchase all the necessary materials themselves.
- Perform all construction and repair work.
Materials used for mini-houses for permanent residence
Mini-dwellings can be built from completely different materials. For example, a frame house is one of the popular options. The construction technology is simple - the construction of the frame with its subsequent filling with panels.
This structure has many advantages:
- You can dream up and create not only the standard form of the house, but also more comfortable and unusual, so to speak, “for yourself”.
- Time, labor and money costs are minimal.
- The frame-type house turns out to be light, but at the same time very reliable.
- Thanks to modern panel manufacturing technologies, the home is safe in all respects: fire safety, environmental friendliness.
- With such a house, it will be possible to save on its maintenance.
Also, it is worth noting that small houses are also built from such traditional materials as brick or wood. More on this below.
Brick
Brick houses have been popular for a long time. Why is this type of material preferred so far?
This can be explained for several reasons:
- durability of bricks. Service life over 50 years.
- Fortress and reliability of the structure. Even for a small house, it is necessary to pour a solid concrete foundation.
- For safety reasons, a brick house is less vulnerable to fire.
- Aesthetic appearance.
Tree
A wooden mini-house can be a great option or. D Wood is a natural material, which undoubtedly has many advantages:
- Is an environmental material;
- Perfectly provides air microcirculation - the house "breathes".
- Provides good thermal insulation: in winter - warm and dry, in summer - optimal coolness.
- A wooden house is easy to heat: it heats up quickly and also keeps heat.
- Due to the naturalness of the material, a special woody aroma hangs in the air - a special atmosphere of coziness and comfort is created.
Domillion (oval house)
Domillions belong to the category of mini-houses. These houses are mostly oval in shape. They are designed in a minimalist style, but have maximum functionality.
The advantages of such housing:
- Of course, the price. Material for construction is used to a minimum, as well as working time.
- The space of such a house is used to the maximum - there are no corridors, only the division of space into multifunctional rooms.
Domillion features:
- The houses look very unusual, reminiscent of fabulous ones. They have a bright color scheme and a rounded shape.
- They have large windows. This feature is explained by the fact that the space is planned as much as possible, so the light should penetrate, let's say, into all corners of the house.
trailer house
The mini-home on wheels is of American origin. Its main advantage is that it is mobile. This alignment is convenient for those who constantly travel and cannot “sit” in one place.
Like all other mini housing options, trailers are as compact as possible: there are few rooms, a maximum of 3. This is a bed, a kitchen with a living room and a bathroom.
Solutions for interior placement in a mini-house
The project of a mini-house must be carefully designed, as every square meter must be used to the maximum due to the limited space. If this is a one-story building, then the distribution of space goes not only in the horizontal plane, but also vertically.
What does vertical mean? For example, under the ceiling, you can organize a bed. Access to it will be provided by a portable or folding decorative ladder. In addition, the space under the ceiling can be used to place many things on the shelves.
If the house has a second floor, under the roof of the house, it can also be used functionally. Make drawers under it, and also mount them in the wall.
Mini-housing in itself is interesting in all respects, because in a small area you need to manage to place everything you need for life, so to speak, competently organize the space. There are quite a few facts about mini-houses that really make you wonder when you hear about them.
Here are some of them:
- In England, a small house (just over 17 m2) was put up for sale at a price of more than 1 million rubles per m2, if immediately transferred to our money. This tiny building, thanks to a rational approach, has placed in itself everything you need, and each individual room is for specific amenities. 5 1 votes
Silence, isolation and comfort are the main reasons for the popular trend when families choose mini houses for year-round living. Typically, such buildings are erected in the suburbs or on private land in the city itself. Such a way of life has a lot of advantages: proximity to nature, environmental friendliness, savings on utility bills (especially heating and electricity). Inexpensive to design, build and operate, mini houses have proven themselves as a temporary and permanent home.
If you are interested in small houses for permanent residence, you can find a suitable standard project or order an individual one. The development of the latter usually takes more time, costs more, requires attention in the selection and purchase of building materials. But the customer will receive exactly what he wanted, taking into account the slightest constructive wishes and planning decisions. Typical projects are good for their practicality, thoughtfulness, convenience and detailed cost estimate.
Types of houses by materials and purpose
The selected building material primarily affects the total cost of the project and the comfort of living. The choice of materials for the construction of a small house depends on climate, aesthetic preferences of the owners, as well as financial capabilities. The most popular options for customers today are as follows:
- a building made of sandwich panels attached to a frame made of metal or wood;
- board house;
- miniature brick domilion;
- residential construction of foam blocks.
By appointment, temporary dwellings are distinguished - a hunting lodge, a winter house, a summer cottage, a mobile small house on wheels, an extension to the main cottage.
House with a frame structure
A simple frame house is characterized by a solid, well-fitting structure - wooden or metal. After the installation of finished sandwich panels on the walls, the building is subject to insulation and exterior decoration, after which it is already possible to operate the dwelling. You can assemble a house on a frame basis on any soil, including unstable, with prevailing silty and swampy soils.
Advantages of frame technology: construction speed, operation in any weather and temperature, unpretentiousness of the structure to the initial conditions, stability of the finished frame house. The disadvantages are insufficient sound insulation, fire hazards when using wood.
The use of sandwich panels is dictated by the low cost of technology, quick installation, good thermal insulation performance, and normal response to temperature changes. In order to be minimally dependent on weather conditions, sandwich panels with an anti-corrosion coating and a waterproofing sheath are chosen.
House made of wooden beams
The most healthy microclimate will provide a house of boards. This is an environmentally friendly material with high-quality air exchange, which retains heat inside the building. Admirers of natural wood appreciate it for its visual beauty and durability, but it must be understood that regular maintenance is behind the external attractiveness of a wooden structure: the wood is processed, the paint is periodically updated. You should also remember about the potential fire hazard of wood. The main building materials for walls and partitions are solid, glued or profiled timber, logs, boards.
A hunting lodge made of wood in the forest, in the immediate vicinity of the hunting grounds, looks very harmonious. To build a hut right on the territory of a forest or a protected area, be prepared to go through several instances and fulfill a number of conditions in order to obtain permission. It is most advantageous in terms of time and money to purchase a plot and be built in a village next to a forest.
Brick or foam block?
For the construction of buildings with their own hands, brick and foam block are well suited. The use of these materials suggests that the building will be heavy and require a solid foundation under it. If we compare brick and foam concrete with each other, brick walls will be lighter and more durable, but in order to avoid the formation of dampness in the room, it will be required significant thickness of external walls. Porous concrete in the form of foam blocks is completely moisture resistant, which is its main difference from bricks, and is also resistant to critically low temperatures. In terms of thermal protection, both materials showed themselves on the positive side.
If, from your point of view, ideal construction should be inexpensive, give preference to a small house made of foam blocks or gas blocks (the second option is more suitable for occasional pastime - a summer house, a winter house). Be prepared for the fact that in terms of time costs, the construction of a building from blocks significantly exceeds the assembly of a house frame.
About the construction of mini-houses: we think over the details
When you decide on the material and purpose of the structure, we suggest collecting more information on how to build a small house. Let's start with considering the most important characteristics, which will determine the future terms of reference for the design.
- How many floors, residential and auxiliary premises are expected?
- Is there a need for a bathroom, bathroom (shower, bath, sauna), catering unit, garage?
- What will be the geometric shapes and dimensions of each room?
- What architectural style is preferable, what spatial solutions would you like to get as a result?
- What will the foundation be made of, the type of support structure.
- What systems need to be designed and laid - electricity, sewerage, plumbing, air ventilation.
- Do you need an exterior finish (in the case of wooden huts, the natural look of logs or boards is often left)?
As for the interior design of the mini house, here you should show a real design taste and approach: maximum functionality in a modest area, so that the space turns out to be comfortable for life and free from clutter. Plan in advance the presence of niches, use the entire usable area, inclusive with space under stairs, give preference to laconic interior styles (Scandinavian, minimalism, eco-style).
How to assemble the frame of the house
Many craftsmen have seen from their own experience that you can build small frame houses with your own hands. Moreover, the development of the project and the purchase of materials will take even more time than the construction process itself (without arranging the foundation). So, we propose to consider step by step how the work on assembling the frame of a 6x8 m house is going on.
- Type of foundation - monolithic grillage, prefabricated concrete or tape shallow - is selected taking into account the level of groundwater, the type of soil and the level of soil freezing, the weight of the future structure. The average weight of a small frame house is determined by the formula "multiply the perimeter by a factor of 1.7". After pouring the foundation with concrete, you must wait a week, inspect the surface for defects, and provide waterproofing.
- The lower strapping is carried out along the foundation, around the entire perimeter. The bars must be pre-treated with an antiseptic. The piping is fastened with a tongue-and-groove connection to 10 mm pins embedded in the corner piles and corners at the pouring stage. The pins go through holes in the wood and are fixed with a nut.
- Logs for the floor (boards 150x50 mm) are laid at a distance of 0.6 m. Next, the racks of the house frame are mounted. After every two holes, logs are fixed on 26-centimeter dowels. An unedged board is laid as a draft version of the floor.
- The floor bars are placed at the bottom, and the resulting squares filled with insulating material(usually styrofoam). A planed board 150x40 mm is tightly laid out to the lags. Walls can be erected only after you have checked and made sure that the floor is horizontal.
- Every half a meter, racks are inserted into the grooves of the lower trim along the height of the ceiling. The top harness is attached to the racks with two nails. So we get the frame of the house, which still needs to be strengthened with jibs (a pair from above and below), ceiling beams (50x15 mm). The location of windows and doors is arranged in accordance with the project.
- There remains a roof, which can be in a mini house for year-round use, both single-pitched and gable. After installing the rafters, organize the installation of the batten (your choice of metal sheet, profiled sheet, slate, tile, ondulin).
- Sheathing the frame and exterior finishes are the final stages of building a small house for permanent residence.
How much does it cost to build a small house
Let's talk about the approximate budget if you plan to build a popular frame structure. So, how much does it cost to build a small house on a frame basis? We recommend focusing on four price categories, in which we included the price of the foundation, doors, windows, engineering systems, interior decoration, however no building costs. Given the variability of the price tag for work in different regions of the country, calculate it in the range from 40 to 70% of the estimate for materials.
- If you have a budget of up to 500 thousand rubles, as a result you can get a small frame house on one floor with an approximate area of up to 50 square meters. m. If saving resources is a priority, choose the most concise forms, an open layout, cheap (second-hand) building materials, get by with a small pumping station and dry closet instead of sewerage system. For heating, design a small brick oven.
- To invest in a budget of up to a million rubles, consider options for projects of frame houses ranging from 50 to 70 square meters. m. It can be a square or rectangular building, a small length of communications, insulation in this category, as a rule, from basalt or stone wool. For exterior finishes, you can order imitation wood or cork. For heating, it is advisable to consider installation of a gas heater or electric convector.
- With an upper limit of one and a half million rubles, you can assemble a house from 85 to 110 square meters. m. The golden mean in the pricing policy of arranging small houses for permanent residence, but you will have to balance in the choice of materials and technologies: plastic or wooden windows, eco- or mineral wool, or siding. Making a choice in favor of expensive material, you will have to save on other elements of the home.
- If you are ready to spend up to two and a half million rubles, the output, with a reasonable approach, will be a full-fledged frame of about 120 square meters. m, which can be considered as a mini house for year-round family living. The project can already include a reinforced layer of thermal insulation (up to 20 cm), high-quality energy-saving double-glazed windows, bimetallic heating batteries. You can afford to decorate a small house with a terrace, mezzanine, balcony or bay window.