Gift certificates: why are they needed? Another up-selling product is gift certificates, which give the right to receive goods and / or services for an amount equivalent to the face value of the certificate, or the right to receive the service indicated in the gift certificate form.

Why patents are needed The purpose of patents is to advance technical and scientific knowledge by encouraging investment in new products, techniques, and concepts. By creating barriers to competitors, patents increase the potential return on investment in innovation. As noticed

Talking about them leaves few of us indifferent. It seems that the saying that happiness is not in money, but in their quantity, is becoming more and more popular. According to a survey by the Levada Center, 83% of Russians believe that, first of all, they lack material wealth. And for many of us, the matter is not limited to the objective lack of funds.

“Ten years ago, I dreamed and did not believe that I would ever be able to change my old “six” for something more decent, recalls 40-year-old Yulia. “Today my position has grown significantly, my salary has increased accordingly, but I still have an irrational feeling that tomorrow something will happen and there won’t be enough money for anything again ... ”

Why do we spend irrationally?

From the point of view of logic, our attitude towards such a utilitarian object as money could be purely rational: act in such a way that it brings you the maximum income. But in real life, things are different.

“Most psychological studies show that the way we earn money, spend, make (or do not make) savings, borrow or spend on gifts, sometimes contradicts all economic axioms,” says psychologist Anna Fenko.

30-year-old Dmitry, dreaming of buying his own apartment, every month leaves almost half of his salary in slot machine halls. 43-year-old Veronica buys things for herself only at sales, and products - at wholesale markets, but every time she cannot resist some new expensive perfume novelty. 28-year-old Tatyana always carefully monitors the execution of rituals related to money: do not pass them through the threshold, do not whistle at home, do not give an empty wallet.

We attribute to money those meanings that are meaningful to us.

“As a rule, behavior is determined not so much by rational concern for one's own benefit as by secret fears, memories, stereotypes and prejudices,” comments Anna Fenko. “And, if we want to be the masters of our own money and do not want it to control us, we need to understand why money plays such an important role in our lives, how we behave towards it and how money affects relationships with people.”

Occupying the most important place in our lives, money itself remains an abstraction: after all, banknotes and coins have meaning only because they symbolize the value of things. But for each of us, they mean what we want to see in them or unconsciously hope to get with their help.

Security, power, love of others, freedom... From a psychological point of view, money is an ideal screen for our projections: just as an image is projected on a movie screen, so we ascribe to money those meanings that are significant to us.

Psychoanalysis of money

Sigmund Freud was the first to draw attention to the fact that the attitude of an adult to money can be determined by the characteristics of his childhood desires. According to psychoanalytic theory, all children experience pleasure in defecation. When potty training a child, parents can express enthusiasm and encouragement when the child is doing the “right thing,” or punish and scold the child if he or she resists.

In time, potty training coincides with the stage in the development of the child when he is fighting for autonomy and independence, and often this procedure becomes a source of conflict. The conflict may intensify due to the inconsistent behavior of parents, who, on the one hand, value feces as a gift from the child, and on the other hand, consider them dirty, do not touch them and try to throw them away as soon as possible.

Psychoanalysis directly links the traumatic experience of potty training to the subsequent type of compensatory behavior. The way the miser holds the money is seen as a reflection of the child's refusal to defecate at the request of the parents. The spender, on the other hand, is like a child seeking approval from his parents for his "gifts."

Money makes you feel safe

34-year-old Irina works literally for wear and tear: it is important for her to be sure that her little son will receive a good education in the future, and her parents (if something happens to them) - the best medical care. She tries to accumulate as much money as possible - the only way she feels relatively safe.

Ivan's parents died in a car accident when he was 12 years old. Today he is 37, he is the manager of a construction company and, according to all his colleagues, a workaholic businessman with a bright future. “As a man, I have to earn as much as possible,” he is convinced. “Money gives me confidence that nothing bad will ever happen to me and my loved ones.”

“Those who seek security in money need a constant increase in wealth, just like a drug addict needs an increase in dose,” Anna Fenko explains. Such behavior leads to alienation from other people, as a person ceases to consider his loved ones as a source of help and support.

The ability to feel power and superiority

44-year-old businessman Sergei is sure that he can do everything in this life: pay off the traffic police, driving in the opposite lane before the eyes of the inspector, fly away on an international flight for which all tickets are sold, write out even Madonna herself to a country party with friends. Money gives him a special feeling of power and superiority.

“Feeling his own importance, he unconsciously tries to regain that feeling of omnipotence, which, according to psychoanalysts, everyone experiences in infancy,” comments Anna Fenko. - Such people have - or pretend to have - complete independence from the people around them and life circumstances and try to make others dependent on themselves. Only this gives them confidence in their abilities.

Money brings freedom

The most widespread and approved by modern society meaning attributed to money is freedom.

“If I had as much money as I could wish for, I would buy myself a hotel on some tropical island. And I would put my friends there - absolutely free! - dreams 40-year-old successful journalist Igor. Indeed, money frees you from rules, obligations, everyday routine.

“But those who hope to acquire freedom in the broad sense of the word in exchange for money, in fact, with their help, unconsciously seek to suppress the fear of responsibility, dependence on circumstances and other people, and “pay off” obligations,” says Anna Fenko.

Love for money?

56-year-old Larisa literally showers relatives and friends with useless gifts. Protests and explanations do not help: she does not seem to hear the words and does not feel the awkwardness that each of the people she forcibly “benefited” has to endure. In this way, she tries to "buy" the self-respect and affection of others.

Money concentrates our fantasies, emotions and desires. Often it seems that they control our lives

“As a rule, in childhood, such people were deprived of the attention and care of their parents,” explains Anna Fenko. - They did not feel truly loved and therefore, as adults, they try not to again find themselves in the position of a rejected child. However, it is difficult for them to sincerely accept reciprocal love, and their generosity often masks hostility towards those on whom they depend. Not knowing that it is possible to love selflessly, they are forced to buy, sell or even steal love. The only cure for them is genuine emotional closeness.”

Money concentrates our fantasies, emotions and desires. Often it seems that they control our lives. But money by itself is not capable of acting and directing anything. They acquire this ability only when we give them power ourselves.

What confuses us in our relationship with money?

The awkwardness in handling money is familiar to many. Psychoanalyst, researcher at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University Tatyana Alavidze deciphered for us several typical cases.

“I don’t like to spend money: I don’t invite friends to my place, I never give expensive gifts, I don’t lend money ...”

Thrift, reaching the point of stinginess, can manifest itself in any situations involving exchange - property, emotional, creative. The reluctance to spend, to give, arises from the desire to compensate for the feeling of helplessness that we experienced in childhood.

The unconscious desire to save, not to spend in a symbolic form gives a feeling of security, possession of something and a pleasant opportunity to dispose of this property at one's discretion. Such exaggerated independence gives a person peace of mind, for which, alas, one has to pay: it is very difficult to build close and trusting relationships with others from such positions.

“I constantly lend money to everyone, regularly pay for others, spend huge sums on gifts even for people I don’t know well…”

Extravagance can speak of an unconscious and unmet need for love, warmth, and acceptance. A person projects this need onto others and rushes to do them good, while forgetting about his own interests. It cannot be said that he “buys love”, does charity with intent, counting on reciprocal support.

On the contrary, as a rule, he adopts some socially approved idea (helping neighbors, caring for those who are weaker, etc.), which would reinforce such behavior and help explain it to himself and others - in a word, goes to any tricks, just not to admit that he simply lacks human warmth.

“I am horrified at the thought of asking for a raise. I can't talk to the boss about this…”

If a child is treated with tenderness, understanding and love from childhood, then he is unlikely to have a question about his own value. If the parents behave inconsistently, then accept, then reject him, a sense of his own worth is not formed in him.

As a result, having matured, such a child is not able to separate the idea of ​​the value of his "I" from the monetary value of his own work. To draw a line between his human essence and his professional role is an impossible task for him. Failure in the material sphere becomes a psychological trauma for him: it seems to him that he was rejected and underestimated not as a professional, but as a person. And, naturally, in the future he will avoid situations fraught with such painful experiences.

“I’d rather live from bread to water, go to work at a construction site or wash entrances, but I won’t take a penny from my parents ...”

Such a sharp position speaks of problems with separation, separation from parents. If a simple life situation - gaining material independence - becomes a reason for such emotional statements, then the problem is not resolved and takes a lot of strength from a person. It is difficult for him to feel like a "separate" person, perhaps because of too strong an emotional attachment to his parents, turning into dependence on them.

In other cases, this may be a reaction to the position of parents, consciously or unconsciously demanding repayment of the "life debt" from the child - as if he is obliged to compensate for their efforts spent on his birth and upbringing. However, in any case, we are not dealing with a conscious choice, but with a desperate breakthrough, with a radical attempt to gain freedom, the result of which can be either a return to the former dependent position or a complete cessation of all relations with parents.

Probably, each of us at least once asked such a simple, but at the same time very important question: "What do we need money for?". The answer will be provided in the article.

What is money?

Money is called a kind of commodity, which, in fact, is a general and universal equivalent of the cost of many other goods or services. Karl Marx, for example, noted that all existing goods can be easily measured by the degree of effort and labor expended on their manufacture. This can be done, for example, by comparing the qualifications of the employee and the cost of working time. Thanks to this comparison, we will be able to determine the price of absolutely any product. This can be done with the help of another universal product - money.

Money is needed to determine the measure of value, to make savings and payments. At the same time, all finances must be supported by something. Perhaps this is with the help of precious reserves. In the Russian Federation, gold is such a reserve.

Is money evil?

Having dealt with what money is needed for, it is worth moving on to an equally important question about the essence of finance. Many people like to talk about how all money is "real evil" and should be eliminated and never used at all. What are the citizens who say such things guided by? As a rule, they look at things somewhat one-sidedly.

Finance is a very convenient tool that allows you to correctly assess the cost of a product. In the hands of a reasonable person, money will be only a means of satisfying their own needs. But there are crazy people in our world who are ready to do anything for the sake of finances. Here you can draw a classic parallel with a knife: in someone's hands a knife is a convenient household tool, and in someone else's it is a dangerous murder weapon. So why does a reasonable person need money? The answer is simple and logical: to exchange their own labor for various elements and services necessary for quality life support.

Buying time

It is worth returning to the question of why money is needed. Three undeniable advantages of finance will be outlined below.

The first and, probably, the main advantage of money is the saving of time. Unfortunately, we cannot even buy an extra hour of life for ourselves (as it appears, for example, in many science fiction films). However, for a certain share of finances, it is quite possible to buy someone else's time, thereby significantly saving your own. What exactly are we talking about?

Do-it-yourself car repairs can take a significant amount of time; and in the end it will not be possible to guarantee that the car is perfectly repaired. And if you give it to professionals, then your own time will be saved, and the car will be repaired with high quality. The same can be said about ateliers, hairdressers, laundries, etc. All this is called the service industry. Various businesses that are ready to perform this or that service save our precious hours significantly. And again, money contributes to this.

Improving life

Whatever the case, life is pretty boring. Many people are only able to work, not having time to enjoy the delights of the world around them. How to get out of this situation? Here again we have to turn to the question of what money is needed for.

Traveling around the world, meeting interesting people, enjoying the benefits of the surrounding world - all this is possible thanks to money. A person who earns well is able to have a good rest. And competently combine work and leisure will help, again, only finances. Money really makes people's lives better, more colorful and interesting. But it is here that danger can await: often a person is not able to stop, and therefore he indulges in "everything bad." That is why finances must be used wisely. On the other hand, a person who earns well, but at the same time lives a boring and monotonous life, should think: is he doing everything right?

We prolong life

It has already been said above that it is impossible to buy extra life hours, days or years. This is, of course, absolutely true. However, do not forget that with the help of money you can improve your health and, although not guaranteed, but still extend your life path.

Of course, here everything depends to a greater extent on the person himself, on his actions. You can give huge sums for treatment, but at the same time lead a far from healthy lifestyle. But do not forget about those cases when people do expensive operations to prevent an early death. Here again we are talking about the service sector, but this time about a very peculiar one: it directly concerns the extension of life.

So why do people need money? If the answer is very short, then in order to live.

Five more reasons

For someone, the three benefits presented will not seem enough money. That is why it is worth giving five more proofs that finance is a convenient and useful thing. Here's what the money is for:

All the evidence presented above will surely be enough to finally answer the question posed about what the money is for.

Friends, I greet you!

In my last article, we talked about . Today we will develop the topic and touch on the issue of money.

Money entered our existence so smoothly and organically that it became almost invisible like body hair. And each of us, daily swarming in the swamp of hourly problems, seems to have a reasonable answer to the banal question: Why do we need money?

And the first answer that comes out of the mouths of all 11 and 10 respondents: "To live better?"

Are you really sure that the quality of life depends on wealth?

And here I am ready to meet the first wave of indignation - “Stop treating us”, “weakly earn a million yourself” or "Do not teach to live - help financially!" .

After the first, the most unrestrained ones, splashed out their shallow and aggressive feelings, a second roll of obvious explanations will begin:

• to live for pleasure
• to get what i want
• to ensure a comfortable old age,
• to drive away to Bali and send away these vile neighbors who fry fish on Sunday mornings and stink my whole apartment, etc.

To be honest, this question has come up for me more than once. And, I think, it is found in those who have already earned good money in their lives. Because those who do not have enough to buy basic food and basic medicines, as well as pay utility bills for such issues, can give in the face in the heat of the moment. Although these, I think, are some fractions of a percent. Even my parents, who now live on an income commensurate with 20-25 thousand rubles for two afford not only a set of basic services.

So, at different stages of my life I had different incomes and different issues, but I always had money in my hands. And I can't say that I was different from the general population. If money came easily, then it went just as easily. . If it was hard to get money, then I saved it, saved it, bit in response to requests for a little, and as a result, I lost the lion's share with the depreciation of real estate and the honest fulfillment of my loan agreement. And the amount, well, at least for me, was not small.

Therefore, there always came a moment in life when a similar question "Why do we need money?" knocked from the back door into my hidden consciousness, and each time I could not find an answer to it. I had to go to extremes: either take everything down on my beloved, or hide the currency in banks and mugs, or give the money I earned to my parents, and devote myself to activities for the benefit of humanity, since there was no point in living for myself (I was young and then I girl left).

I even wrote a kind of tale of temporary days on my first voyage "After the ball" in the style of action and patriotic “what the hell is necessary” (Somehow I will post this “work” in a closed section or send it to subscribers). Although he himself did not know the answer to this question then, but only understood that something was wrong here and going with the flow like everyone else was not an option.

And today, from the height of my age of Jesus Christ, I can say that I was still able to form my opinion about the benefits of money and attitude towards them. Of course, you may not be interested in my opinion at all. There are many other interesting ideas and opinions. You can also listen to the finance gurus "you are what you think" and opposite religious beliefs “I am not a body, I am a soul - life is beautiful, good” and find your golden mean.

It is possible and necessary. Do it like this get your personal insight from it and enjoy the daily drift of life further. Be outdoors more and do not eat canned food.

Basically, I have everything!

But if you have tried all this and it didn’t work out for you, then let’s look further.

How much is a pound of flesh?

It has always amazed me that people are often unscrupulous about how they make money. Many people believe that there is nothing attractive in earning, it's just a job to get "manna from heaven" equivalent to a certain amount in dollars for the development of the family and personal ambitions.

At one time, I found myself in the maritime profession. I sympathized with the captain's epaulettes and the financial security they provide. But in my life I saw only one happy captain. And, believe me, he was so detached from money that I even began to worry about him. His compassion turned everything in me! It was after talking with him, although they did not touch on personal time management and lifestyle, a lot changed in me.

And that's when I came to the conclusion that if you are so obsessed with money, then the best option for you is is to sell your kidney. It is expensive on the market, and there is no need to work hard day and night. And now a very interesting test of intelligence.

Imagine that you sold your kidney to someone. After that, clearly write in a notebook what you spent your money on and analyze. Now think about whether everything that you have allowed yourself is worth a part of your flesh. Well, according to the results of reflection, either cry for your inhumanity, or think about your unreason.

I think you understand me.

Is all the junk that we buy today worth our lives, our energy and, in general, our attention.

After all, for all these phones, taverns and "environmentally friendly products" we are paying with our own lives. And when we do not experience joy or at least pleasure from this, then indulge in artificial stimulation of joy alcohol, drugs, sex. All! We've arrived.

Where is the "exhaust"?

What is the joy of life? Did you help someone? Have you done something for people? Have you received sincere joy in this life or only minute drops of pleasure from a stuffed stomach, clouded mind or sensual stimulation of the reproductive organs?

To start my own rebirth, I propose to answer 3 questions:

1. “When you make a million, what will you do with it?”
2. “When will you start to truly live, and what does that mean to you?”
3. “How much is your greatest joy in life worth?”

The problem with the current TV-radio-internet broadcasting is that they present sound thoughts, but offer completely unsound results of such thinking. It's like I give you a barrel of honey, and then I give you a rusty fork and say: "Enjoy" .

And here comes the question of ingenuity: How soon will you throw away the rusty fork and start taking honey with your own hands? Will you listen to others or will you think of taking control of the situation?

There are many such ideas in the world and their ugly shells. . But we will consider only one.

“The universe is immeasurable,” the false prophets tell us and recommend that everyone arm themselves with a bigger bag in order to snatch their piece of well-being. But why should we, sitting on our ass, not doing anything special, not striving for anything creative, be sure that something will fall to us from the Universe?

But what about competition? You have not seen these prophetic films or series, when, with a decrease in resources, people begin a desperate struggle with the rest for their piece of well-being, believing that it is he who is “destined” by this well-being.

Why do I need someone else's grief?

I have always been worried about those moments that occur mainly at the moment of danger, when someone, finally believing in universal justice at the cost of his life, saves another, which he considers more valuable. The first moment like this made me cry like a girl while watching a movie. "Blood Diamond" where the hero DiCaprio is a rogue and an enterprising smuggler, at the end of the film, having rethought his inner world, he sacrifices his life for the sake of others. And there are many such moments.

From here I have right now the conclusion to the eternal question has matured Is the life of one person worth ten others? . I think it's worth it. But God forbid I will need to make this choice in my life.

The universe is truly immense, but he will give his wealth only to those who deserve it and who need it. Set a goal, do something, give birth to an idea that will give you not only prosperity that will really come automatically, but also happiness, pride, dignity, gratitude from others and a magical sense of satisfaction that can only be obtained from creation.

And, mind you, I just indicated wealth, and not a certain amount. And it is not for us to decide how much money we are supposed to have for life.

Get busy, make the world a better place, create a positive reality, and stop calculating debits and credits and interest dividends!

Life is too beautiful to be wasted on nonsense. Be yourself, take your real shape and make this globe spin in the right direction. Well, at least a little!

Lack of own ideas, time, desire, discipline, finances, a house by the sea, etc.? Well, then take it personal trainer, which will strain you against your will. And if you want everything at once, then buy this book for 150 rubles. This money will not save you anyway, but it is possible that something will stir in your head and soon you will not recognize yourself))

If you consider it necessary to express your thoughts about the monologue I read, I will be glad to hear them in the comments. Even if you do not agree with me and voiced here, then this is a good occasion to find out the truth and shed light on the problem for others. So feel free to write your thoughts right below this article.

Well, according to tradition, a soulful song))

Good luck friends!

P.s. Quite recently, before writing an article, I learned the news from my wife that our bank went bankrupt and about 200,000 rubles remained in our accounts. Perhaps they will return them to us under insurance, perhaps not. I will be home only in a few weeks and will be able to restore justice, or complain about fate.

You may not believe me, but I am completely calm and not a bit worried about the fate of this money. Do you know why? Because I earned them by labor, which brought me pleasure, a sense of self-realization and benefit to others. And that's the whole point. Even if they disappear, I am sure that the Universe will give me the opportunity to earn them again. If they do not disappear, then they will be useful to me in the implementation of my grandiose plans in the future regarding my native and beloved city of Sevastopol.

And this, I tell you, is Nirvana)))

I want you to experience the same feeling at least once!