NO TEST, BUT A HUSBAND... This is a test for married men. Answer the questions below and you will find out if your wife loves you or lives with you “out of habit”.1. Does your wife listen attentively and with interest when you tell her about your affairs? Is it understanding

What is your position? Twenty-one question quiz Which positions do you usually take: based on weakness or strength? The most important thing for those who do not want to become a victim is never to act from a position of weakness. The following is a test of twenty-one

VM test (indicative test of school maturity - verbal thinking) I. Irazek Which animal is bigger - a horse or a dog? Horse = 0, incorrect answer = -5. In the morning we have breakfast, and at noon ...? We have lunch. We eat soup, pasta and meat = 0. Have lunch, dinner, sleep, etc. wrong

Aggressive strategy

An investment strategy designed to generate maximum income, invariably associated with a significant risk of drawdown. Typically, a significant proportion of aggressive portfolios are derivatives and stocks.

An issuance security that gives its owner the right to participate in the management of a joint-stock company, receive part of the profit in the form of dividends, and receive part of the liquidation value of the joint-stock company upon its liquidation. The income from investing in shares is made up of the increase in the share price and dividends.

Alpha coefficient

A coefficient that allows you to evaluate the profitability of the portfolio in relation to the standard (for example, to the stock index). The higher the value of the coefficient, the better the portfolio performs in comparison with the benchmark.

Beta coefficient

A coefficient that reflects the volatility of the returns of one asset to another. For example, a portfolio of shares to a stock index.

A trading platform where securities, commodities, derivatives and other financial instruments are traded in an organized manner. The main function of the exchange is to ensure fair trading, as well as the efficient dissemination of price information for any asset traded on this exchange.

The monetary unit used to measure the value of goods, the concept of "currency" is used in the following meanings: the monetary unit of a given country (US dollar, Japanese yen), banknotes of foreign countries, as well as credit and means of payment used in international settlements.

Volatility

An indicator characterizing the fluctuations of a quantity over time. Investors resort to assessing the volatility of a particular asset or the market as a whole to determine the degree of riskiness of investments. The more volatile an asset, the more risk an investor exposes himself to when working with it.

Warranty

The amount of funds blocked by the exchange as collateral when concluding a transaction. The GO is unlocked when a position is closed.

blue chips

Shares of the largest liquid and reliable companies, operations on which provide the main trading volumes on the stock exchanges. The term arose by analogy with the most valuable blue chips in a casino. There are no clear criteria for classifying a company as a blue chip. In Russia, Gazprom, Lukoil, Sberbank, etc. are traditionally referred to as blue chips.

Investment horizon

The term for which the investor forms his portfolio in accordance with the chosen strategy.

Derivative

A security or contract whose price depends on the price of one or more underlying assets. Its value is determined by fluctuations in the value of the underlying asset. The most common underlying assets include stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates, and market indices.

Yield

Relative (in percent) indicator of the effectiveness of investments in certain assets, financial instruments, projects or business as a whole. Profitability can often be estimated as the ratio of the absolute value of income to the initial amount of investment. As a rule, the potential profitability is higher, the higher the risk.

Splitting up

Increasing the number of company shares by exchanging one old share for several new ones with a proportionally reduced par value.

Gold reserves

The total amount of various types of foreign exchange and monetary gold that a country's central bank maintains. As a rule, national central banks form their reserves in various currencies, for example, US dollars, Euros, Swiss francs, Japanese yen, British pounds. Gold and foreign exchange reserves allow the government to maintain a stable exchange rate of the national currency. The formation of such reserves has become a common practice after the world financial system abandoned the gold standard.

Investments

An asset that is bought with the expectation that it will generate income or increase its value in the future. In finance, investments are monetary assets bought with the idea that they will provide income in the future or increase in value and be sold at a higher price.

Investment bank

A financial institution acting as an underwriter, broker, dealer, financial consultant, management company, etc. Unlike commercial banks, investment banks operate in financial markets, their main instrument is securities, not deposits and loans.

Statistical measure of changes in the economy or in the securities market. In the case of financial markets, an index is an imaginary portfolio of securities representing a specific market or part of it. Each index has its own calculation methodology and is usually expressed in terms of change from a base value. Thus, the percentage change in the index is more important than the actual numerical value.

conservative strategy

Investment strategy, the purpose of which is an income higher than a bank deposit with minimal risks. Usually, a significant share in conservative portfolios is occupied by bonds of issuers with high reliability ratings.

The interest rate quoted when a bond is issued. Usually paid every six months or once a quarter. For example, a bond with a face value of 1,000 rubles and a coupon of 5% per annum will bring an income to the investor of 50 rubles per year.

Liquidity

The ability of an asset to quickly transform into cash without losing its value. Examples of assets that can easily be converted into cash are blue chip securities and money market securities. An example of a less liquid asset is real estate.

The procedure for listing the issuer's shares in the lists of securities quoted on the stock exchange. Allows you to trade the instrument in an organized manner on the site where the listing was made.

A standardized amount of a financial instrument that is determined by an exchange or similar regulator. For securities traded on the stock exchange, a lot is their minimum amount for which a purchase and sale transaction can be carried out.

The money provided that is used to purchase an asset. This practice is called margin trading. Buying on margin is quite risky as it increases both potential gains and losses. In addition, the investor must pay interest on borrowed resources.

Margin trading

Conducting transactions using cash and / or securities loaned by a broker to a client secured by a specified amount - margin. Margin trading significantly expands the investor's opportunities, because the volume of assets provided, as a rule, significantly exceeds the margin level.

Mandatory, individually gratuitous payment collected from organizations and individuals in the form of alienation of funds belonging to them on the basis of ownership, economic management or operational management of funds, in order to financially support the activities of the state and (or) municipalities.

ACI (Accumulated Coupon Yield)

This is a portion of the coupon interest yield on a bond, calculated in proportion to the number of days that have passed since the date of issue of the coupon bond or the date of payment of the previous coupon yield. Thanks to the ACI, the investor can sell the bond some time before the coupon payment and receive interest for the time the bond is held.

Bond

Issued debt security, the owner of which has the right to receive from the issuer of the bond its face value within a specified period. The bond may also provide for the owner's right to receive a fixed coupon on its face value or other property rights. Income from investments in bonds may include changes in market value and coupon income.

A derivative that is a contract sold by one party (the option seller) to another party (the option holder). The contract gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the underlying asset at a predetermined price (strike price) within a specified period of time or on a specified date (strike date).

Mutual investment fund. Allows you to combine the funds of many investors (shareholders of a mutual fund) to carry out operations on the stock market in order to obtain an increase in invested capital. By pooling investors' funds, the resulting portfolio acquires opportunities that are not available to each investor individually.

Briefcase

The totality of assets (securities, derivatives, currencies) formed and reviewed by the investor/manager at the direction of the investor in accordance with the chosen investment strategy.

preferred share

A share, the owner of which has the right to receive dividends in priority in relation to the owners of ordinary shares. In addition, such shareholders receive a larger portion of the liquidation value of the issuer's property than the owners of ordinary shares, but are deprived of the right to vote at the shareholders' meeting. Under Russian law, the par value of issued preference shares must not exceed 25% of the company's charter capital.

Registrar

(registry holder) a professional participant in the securities market that maintains the register of their owners. Registrars work directly with issuers of securities.

(from the English. Repurchase agreement "repurchase agreement") an agreement on the sale of property with its subsequent redemption at a fixed price. The purpose of REPO is by no means the purchase and sale of a specific asset, but lending by one party to another. Most often, the subject of a REPO transaction is securities.

Resistance

The price level at which sellers begin to prevail over buyers, and paper quotes stop growing. The levels of resistance and support are determined by evaluation in the framework of technical analysis. The occasional overcoming of certain “current resistance levels” forces analysts to look for new ones.

Investment strategy

A plan that takes into account the investor's goals in terms of profitability, risk and investment term, as well as its financial capabilities. In accordance with the strategy, certain instruments are selected in the investor's portfolio.

Sortino coefficient

A modification of the Sharpe ratio that uses negative deviation instead of standard deviation as a measure of risk, i.e. only those results that are below the benchmark.

Technical analysis

A method of evaluating securities by analyzing the statistics of market activity, such as price movements and trading volume. Technical analysts do not attempt to measure the intrinsic value of a security, but instead use charts and other tools to identify patterns that can help predict future market developments.

Trading robots

Automatic trading software used for algorithmic trading. There is a huge variety of robots: some work with indicators, others are based on probability theory, others analyze historical data, etc. Among other things, there are fully automatic software systems, as well as semi-automatic robots that calculate all the parameters necessary for the user, but do not make the final input of an application for the purchase / sale of an asset.

The general direction of the market or price of an asset. Trends can change in duration from short to medium to long term. The ability to determine the dominant trend in the market is the key to success in trading.

Management Company

A legal entity, a professional participant in the securities market, making transactions on its own behalf and by its own decision, but in the interests of an individual client or a pool of clients.

moderate strategy

An investment strategy that aims for high returns with moderate risks. The “golden mean” of the risk/return ratio.

Fundamental analysis

This is an assessment of macro- and microeconomic factors that significantly affect the financial and economic activities of the company, the results of which are reflected in the market value of its securities.

futures contract

(future) A futures contract traded on an exchange that has a standardized quantity of the underlying asset and a delivery time.

Hedging

Insurance of various risks (a sharp change in prices, an issuer's default, etc.) by opening opposite positions in different but interconnected markets.

security paper

A document of a legally established form and details, certifying a number of property rights of its owner (return of the nominal value, receipt of income, voting rights, etc.). The status of a security is assigned to documents by law. At present, mainly registered non-documentary securities are issued.

central bank

An organization responsible for overseeing and exercising control over the monetary system of a country (or a group of countries, such as the countries of the Eurozone). Central banks have a wide range of responsibilities, from overseeing monetary policy to carrying out specific goals such as maintaining currency stability, low inflation, and full employment. Central banks typically issue the national currency, act as the government's bank, regulate the credit system, oversee commercial banks, manage foreign exchange reserves, and act as lender of last resort.

Sharpe ratio

The investment portfolio performance indicator is calculated as the ratio of the average risk premium to the average portfolio deviation.

A legal entity or organization that issues securities in order to finance its activities. Issuers can be governments, municipalities, or corporations. Issuers must provide investors with information about their financial condition, material position and any other information about their operations, as required by law in their jurisdiction.

Legislatively regulated procedure for placement of issue-grade securities by an issuer.