Technology of assembly of frame houses. Do-it-yourself frame house: step-by-step assembly instructions with a photo

The construction of frame houses came to us from abroad. These lightweight structures are the basis for the construction of country houses and cottages in Scandinavia and a number of European countries. The basis of the construction technology is assembled frames made of wood or a metal profile; mineral wool and basalt insulation are used for insulation. The wall takes on a finished look after it is covered with various plates, for example, DSP. The final version of the coating is already applied to these plates.

Which frame to choose - metal or wood?

As a material for the frame, a new dried timber of various sections, made of coniferous species, is used.

Undoubtedly, wood has a number of properties that give it advantages over stone and metal - this is the ability to breathe, and much more. But at the same time, wood has drawbacks, without appropriate treatment it is prone to the appearance of fungus or mold, in addition, under a number of conditions, it becomes possible for strains of harmful microorganisms to appear.

All of these factors lead to the fact that some developers prefer frame structures made of metal. The metal profile has a zinc coating, which can guarantee long-term corrosion protection. In addition, the necessary perforation has already been prepared on the metal profile for frame housing construction.

The difference between frame housing construction and panel housing construction is environmental friendliness. Only natural wood and the possibility of using natural insulation.

In addition, a frame house is possible without the help of a large team.

Now it is believed that a frame-panel house can only be a country house. However, the experience of many European countries, for example, Swedish or German technology, tells us about the good opportunity to use a frame house in winter and summer for year-round use. Reviews also confirm this.

So, let's start building a house with step-by-step, step-by-step instructions. We hope they help you.

Preparatory work

Buying a frame house is not difficult, just contact a specialized company selling such products or, having developed a project yourself, build your own home. The order of construction work can be displayed in the following list:

• Research;
• Design;
• Foundation construction;
• Construction of a box, roof;
• Warming, finishing works and arrangement of engineering systems.

In the first two stages, the possibility of building a house in this place is clarified. If possible, then the type of foundation, its design is determined. As a result of these works, a specification and estimate appear, which contains a list of materials and tools, their estimated cost. Before starting all these preparatory work, the developer must draw up a technical task for the future home.

Laying the columnar base of the foundation

Depending on the condition of the soil and the mass of the future house, the developer determines the type of foundation. Practice shows that any type can be used as a foundation - foundation on screw piles, tape, monolithic platform or columnar. When building a columnar foundation, it is necessary to have on hand at least an approximate drawing of the location of the walls.

The essence of this foundation is that the pillars will be placed in the corners of the building and in places of maximum load on the structure. For the foundation of this type, concrete, brick is used.

Before starting work, it is necessary to mark the location of the pillars.

After its implementation and quality control, you can begin to manufacture the pillars themselves. To do this, you can use a separate formwork, or you can arrange their production directly on the site.

The first step is to make a pillar support, it is called a shoe. Look at the photo, it shows a pile with a shoe schematically. Its dimensions are up to 30 cm in height and 25–30 cm in cross section. The structure of its design includes a reinforcing mesh, which is located parallel to the surface of the earth, several vertical reinforcing bars can be installed - they will be the basis for the pillar. After the shoe hardens, you can make the main part of the foundation pillar. To do this, you can use either a pipe cut or build a wooden formwork. The height of the entire structure is equal to the sum of two terms - the depth of the pit (freezing height) and the value of the column above the ground (from 100 mm).

Some experts use traditional M300 concrete as a material, while others use sand concrete. In fact, the type of concrete used must be determined at the stage of calculation. The main thing to remember is that the material for making the shoe and the base must be the same. For further work, it is necessary to allow the finished parts to dry. This process will take at least 7 days, but if you use bricks or cinder blocks, the drying process is accelerated by several days.

After the poles are ready, you can start installing them. To do this, you need a hole drill, which will allow you to dig a hole under the pole. The size of the pit should exceed the size of the shoe. Installation of pillars is carried out in strict accordance with the layout of the foundation. The poles are installed at a distance of 1-2 m from each other in places of greatest load, for example, under a heating boiler. After installing the pillars, the space between them and the walls of the pit can be covered with rubble and sand.

Construction of the wall frame

Rostverk - platform for home

The completion of the construction of the foundation allows you to begin work on the construction of the main supporting structures. The basis of the walls and everything else in the frame house is the grillage. This is a wooden or metal structure that is laid on foundation pillars protruding from the ground. According to its contour, the grillage repeats the outlines of the future house. When laying it, it is imperative to use measuring instruments that allow you to control its horizontalness. The dimensions of a beam or a metal profile are determined by the weight of the building structure being erected.

Building a wall frame

After installing the grillage, you can begin to install the wall frame. To do this, you can use a beam with a section size of 150x50 or more. The beam must be made from coniferous trees and dried to a state of 12-18% moisture. In addition, we must remember that all wooden structures must be treated with protective agents against mold, fungus and fire.

The wall frame can be assembled side by side on a flat piece of land; when assembling the frame, it is necessary to immediately prepare window and door openings. The finished frame of one wall can be installed on the grillage and secured with jibs. As with all assembly operations, builders must use a measuring tool to install wall frames in a strict plane orientation.

House roof installation

Creating a roof is one of the most important moments in building a house using frame technology. Errors that occur during its construction lead to deformation of the roof, violation of the thermal insulation regime. As a result, it may be destroyed. The ceiling ceiling is responsible for solving several problems, namely:

• Hanging a ceiling covering on it;
• Heat retention.

If the developer provides for a second floor or attic, then the ceiling must be reinforced. Depending on the load that the ceiling will take on, the size of the section of the ceiling beam is selected. For example, if the useful and non-residential load is 147 kg per square centimeter, then it is necessary to use beams with a section of 150 * 50 m with a step between them of 400 mm.

The process of installing logs and rafters for them does not differ from such a process carried out during the construction of a traditional house.

That is, after marking, the logs are nailed to the top bar of the wall frame in a vertical position.

In order to fix the log, it is enough to use three nails, two are driven in on one side, and one on the other, at both ends.

The rafters can be assembled on a flat area of ​​the construction site and, after assembling them and checking its correctness, lift them up. The assembly of the roof begins with one of the facades, the use of a plumb line is mandatory. Having exposed the first rafter, it is necessary to fix it with jibs, and after installing the second, it is advisable to tie the installed structures. In addition to the fact that the rafters are interconnected, to increase the strength of the structure, it makes sense to connect the rafter and the log using a vertically lowered board. This is how the rafters are installed sequentially.

The installation of the lathing also does not differ from such an operation carried out during the construction of a roof on an ordinary house. Laying of hydro- and thermal insulation is carried out in accordance with the instructions attached to this product. Both artificial and natural materials are used as heat-insulating materials. To reduce the weight of the structure, it is advisable to use foam, which is produced in sheets of different thicknesses.

Another positive property of a frame house can be called the fact that all finishing work can be carried out without waiting for it to shrink. They can be carried out immediately after the insulation is laid in the openings, and the wall frame itself is sheathed with slabs. Then the developer can start finishing the walls from the inside and outside.

Internal work in the house

The material that is used for wall cladding from the inside, and this can be DSP or its analogues, allows you to apply almost any finishing material on its surface - wallpaper, tiles and others. It all depends on the choice of the developer and the interior design of future premises.

outdoor work

With work on finishing the house outside, the situation is somewhat more complicated. Depending on the climate zone in which the frame house is built, additional insulation may be required. For these works, you will need a heater, a waterproofing film, as well as a wooden beam or a galvanized metal profile to create a crate. To insulate the walls, a crate is installed on them, made of a wooden beam or a metal profile.

The dimensions of the crate must correspond to the dimensions of the insulation that will be laid in it. Some experts recommend laying a layer of waterproofing film on top of the insulation. If the task is to create a ventilated facade, then it is necessary to fix smaller bars to the vertical bars of the installed lathing, and the siding will be attached to them. The resulting space will serve for natural ventilation and prevent excessive moisture from accumulating.

How much does it cost to build a house

The experience of building a frame house by those who rely only on their own strength shows that the entire cycle of work from the construction of the foundation to the start of finishing, with the correct organization of work, the absence of interruptions in materials and the presence of one or two assistants, can be three to four months.

Building a house with your own hands is also beneficial from an economic point of view. When buying a finished structure, the developer pays for the project, building materials, in addition, the labor of builders and installers is paid, by the way, who will build the house in about the same time frame. The price of the project is from 5-50 000 rubles. If you buy a finished house project, it will cost about 15,000 rubles, and if you order an individual house project from an architect, it will cost 30,000 - 50,000 rubles. Now many architectural workshops work remotely, so even being in Biysk they will be able to design a dream home project for you. In other words, with the cost of a finished house and work on its construction at about 1.5 million rubles, it must be understood that this figure depends on the region and configuration, building on your own will cost half as much. For example, some companies offer their customers country houses at a price of 1,115,000 rubles to 1,824,000, and cottages - within 300,000 rubles.

If you are not ready to build a house or you do not have the opportunity, then order a turnkey house using Canadian, Scandinavian or Finnish technologies.

Video

Watch a video about building a frame house with your own hands.

In our country, until recently, houses were built mainly from log cabins, bricks or concrete, but now the time has come for new technologies, and frame houses have appeared in this segment. They are very popular due to the unique combination of high quality and low financial costs. But the main thing is the ability to make a durable frame house with your own hands without the use of special equipment. Therefore, we have made detailed step-by-step instructions for you.

The guide itself consists of 7 steps:

• choice of place for the house;
• design;
• foundation installation;
• frame assembly;
• walling;
• thermal insulation;
• roofing.

The construction of a frame house has the main advantage over other technologies - the rapid pace of construction without the involvement of special lifting mechanisms. Inexpensive frame buildings are put into operation in one season, but such a speed in no way worsens the comfort and quality of living - these parameters are no worse than those of wooden and stone houses.

Site selection

In accordance with the urban planning regulations of the Russian Federation, your residential building must be located at least 3 m from the official boundary of the site. Also, in most cases, local regulations regulate a 5-meter indent from the red line of the street to the house.

It should be noted that all skeletons belong to the IV and V degrees of fire resistance, therefore, in accordance with fire safety standards, the distance from your building to the house on the neighboring site should be at least 10 meters.

The remaining requirements for the placement of the house are presented in this image:

We draw up a project

According to the Federal Law, the developer is obliged to be guided by the project created by professional design organizations. The documentation drawn up must also be agreed upon by authorized officials of various services, where changes and / or additions may be made.

In fact, local authorities require only a preliminary design, including a master plan scheme, plans, section, facades and main technical and economic indicators. Such a project costs no more than 10,000 rubles, and you can order it after the fact after construction before commissioning.

However, for your convenience and savings on alterations, we recommend that you choose a suitable standard project or draw up an individual one, taking into account personal preferences and wishes. In both cases, it is necessary to mark up all communications and add engineering systems to the plan.

We draw your attention to the fact that standard projects traditionally cost less, and individual ones allow you to realize your own ideas. Individual drawings from the project documentation are drawn up taking into account the binding to the relief and other features of the site - only such scrupulousness can guarantee the long-term operation of the dwelling without problems and major repairs.

Engineering systems

To build a frame house, it is necessary to provide for the inclusion of all engineering networks in the project. They are laid in strict sequence, and you need to start from the foundation. In the case of using a concrete base, all technological holes for communication systems must be made at the time of pouring, so that after hardening, complex drilling of holes is not involved.

The electrical system consists of a switchboard, electrical wiring, sockets and grounding. The distance between points for sockets should be no more than 4 m. Sockets with covers are installed near water sources. The ventilation system includes air ducts with holes. Is it worth mentioning that the ease of access and use of taps, switches, as well as the functioning of drains and sewerage depends on the correct layout of pipes and wires?

Foundation installation

Construction technology provides for the use, or. The strength of the base is increased with the help of reinforcement and monolithic strapping. It is possible to make a high-quality foundation only after conducting a geological analysis of the soil.

In most cases, a simpler base is sufficient for a frame house, which can easily withstand light loads. The most appropriate -. Such a foundation does not require a large amount of materials, which reduces the cost of construction estimates by an average of 15-20%.

In the case of a monolithic foundation, it is necessary to dig a trench, compact the soil and pour a sand cushion. Before you start pouring concrete, you need to make formwork and install reinforcement bars. The solution during the pouring process is necessarily rammed. Vertical studs half a meter long are placed in the liquid concrete of the base every 2 m - the lower trim of the frame will be attached to them. The surface of the resulting grillage must be leveled with cement mortar.

Bottom trim

Seven days after the work on pouring concrete, a lower trim of wooden beams with a section of 15x15 cm is laid over the entire surface of the foundation. The wood is pre-treated with antiseptic agents, and two layers of roofing material are laid along the bottom, which plays the role.

The beam can be fixed with anchor bolts or foundation studs. If bolts are used, then technological holes up to 10 cm deep must be drilled under them.

floors

When all the wooden beams are laid and connected to each other and to the foundation, grooves are formed in them and floor logs are placed (board 50x150 mm). The upper part of the log is aligned horizontally, and boards are nailed along the bottom - they will serve as the basis for the subfloor device. Membrane insulation is laid on the resulting plank base (it does not allow weathering and wetting of the insulation, while not preventing water vapor from escaping). In the intervals between the lags, you need to press in the insulation (mineral wool or polystyrene) and cover it with a vapor barrier. A cut board (40x15 mm) is laid on top.

Create a frame

From the very name of the technology, it is clear that the main element of such a structure is the frame, and it is on it that the entire structure is held. The skeleton consists of vertical posts fixed with crossbars and horizontal strapping. As before, here the entire construction process is carried out in stages.

Wood is used as the material. It is recommended to choose coniferous timber with a low degree of moisture, ideally chamber drying. The height of the racks must correspond to the same parameter of the room. The racks are connected with nails 10 cm long. After fitting the elements, there should be no gaps.

Depending on what load will affect the bearing supports, and also based on the size of the insulation and sheathing material, they plan the distance between the uprights. The universal section of the racks is 150x50 mm, a double beam of 150x50 mm is placed in the openings. The most popular step is 600 mm (allows you to install the insulation “in tightness” to tightly fill the wall). Temporary braces are used to connect the racks with the lower trim, which makes the structure acquire the necessary rigidity.

The installation of the upper trim is carried out after the installation of all racks. Fixation occurs with the help of the same grooves that fastened the lower beam. The upper fastening to the racks is carried out with two nails, which must enter the material by at least 10 cm. The final fixing of the frame is carried out by permanent cuttings installed instead of the dismantled temporary ones. Read more about this in the article "". We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the most important device.

We insulate the walls

The outer walls of the house are sheathed with imitation timber, wooden clapboard, plastic, as the owner of the house wishes. Warming is best done with mineral wool. It is environmentally friendly, durable and does not burn, which makes skeletons even more profitable and in demand.

The material is pressed into all the gaps between the beams to remove voids. A hydro- and windproof membrane will help protect the tree from moisture, which is mounted on top of the insulation on the racks, and only then the lath crate for the ventilation facade is stuffed, which will be hidden under the outer cladding. From the inside, OSB or gypsum fiber boards mounted on top of the vapor barrier are suitable for wall cladding.

Building a ceiling

The ceiling is attached to the floor beams, which, in turn, are fixed with nails or steel brackets on the top trim beam. Where interior partitions are installed, support bars must be installed, in place of which a wooden ceiling shield is nailed.

Roof

Before starting work, determine the degree of slope, the number of slopes, the type of roofing, the design of the truss system.

A roof with a complex shape looks attractive, but it is difficult to implement, therefore not cheap. Most often found, allowing or attic space. Here it is necessary to install only one skate, there are no valleys at all, which eliminates the accumulation of precipitation and leakage. To prevent snow from lingering on the roof, plan a slope of more than 28º, but not more than 50º, otherwise the wind load will increase.

The cross section of the rafters is determined according to the thickness of the insulation material placed between them. It is best to take a board with a caliber of 150x50mm and a length of 6 m. Two boards need to be knocked down in the shape of the letter L, and then they are lifted up and the angle is determined, making sure that the overhangs go beyond the level of the wall by 30-50 cm. Now the boards can be assembled with the help of a crossbar, and we will get a semblance of rafters.

The upper trim acts as a Mauerlat here. According to the made sample, rafters are created for the entire roof, not forgetting a step of 600 mm. The rafters on the ridge are installed on the pediment and the installation of the remaining elements is continued along them. The type of roofing material depends on what the crate will be.

roofing material

The step-by-step instruction ends at the stage of installing the roof cladding. You can choose , or . All of these materials are easy to work with, affordable, and look decent. After facing works, it remains only to install drainpipes and a drainage system, which will be responsible for the removal of precipitation outside the site.

Now you imagine the whole process of building a frame house with your own hands , so that the structure is strong and warm. If you do not ignore the rules of construction and assembly technology, you will become the proud owner of your own home, which you can only dream of.

Many people dream of having their own housing, in particular young people who live for a long time in dormitories or rented apartments. You can make your dreams come true, either by buying a ready-made house, or by building it yourself. A brick house will require a lot of effort and financial resources, which cannot be said about a frame building.

Assembling a frame house is quite an exciting activity; you will need to buy a standard project that will save you time. Ordering such a project will slightly exceed the cost, but the time saved is worth it.

Instructions for assembling a frame house

Frame structures are distinguished by the lightness of their structure, comfort, high thermal insulation properties, and, of course, the speed of construction.

Frame buildings do not require pouring the foundation (which costs a quarter of all the funds spent on the house), the building consists of a frame, so it can be attached to a heat-insulating layer. Any existing facing material is suitable for finishing the facade.

There are several ways to collect frame buildings:

1. Half-timbered assembly of a house is based on the collection of a wooden frame, which is filled with other, more durable, building material (clay, brick, stones).
2. Frame-panel assembly is an assembly that is based on the connection of sip panels assembled at the factory. Doors and windows can be inserted into such panels in advance. Outwardly, this panel looks like a layer cake, because the composition of the structure is as follows: polystyrene foam, covered on both edges with OSB-plates. Rigidity is provided by built-in bars, due to which the panels are interconnected. This method of assembling frame houses is most common in the Scandinavian countries.
3. Frame-frame assembly involves the assembly of the frame directly at the site of the future construction. For residential premises, a wooden beam is used, which has a different thickness (depends on the purpose of the elements.). This assembly is more economical and will allow you to build a building of almost any shape. Properly distributing the insulation, you can ensure high thermal insulation properties of the building.

Having considered all the methods of assembling the structure, experienced builders are advised to stop at the last one - frame-frame, because this method is the simplest and most economical (even in terms of time).

So let's continue. The estimated plan of the house (by hand) is ready, the number of rooms in the house, floors, placement of balconies, verandas is taken into account. The type of roof is thought out in advance. It's time to turn to architects for qualified help: based on your requirements and wishes, they will draw up a frame structure project, based on the project data, you can purchase building material and begin construction.

Construction always begins with pouring the foundation. Fortunately, in our case, things with the foundation are much simpler. A light foundation is suitable, you can choose any of the types of base:

• monolithic (in the form of a platform);
• column-tape;
• ordinary tape.

If the project involves the construction of a building on a column-strip foundation, then work should begin with digging trenches. They will be located around the entire perimeter of the house, as well as in place of load-bearing structural elements. The standard trench depth is 1.5 m.

Reinforced concrete pillars are installed in the trenches (the step is 2 m). Next, formwork is installed, and this entire structure is poured with cement mortar. When the poured solution has completely hardened, you can tie the posts with a metal grillage.

The strip foundation is similar in structure to the previous one, but there are no columns in it. Dug trenches are reinforced with rods (diameter - about 10 mm). Then they are poured with a solution of M400 cement and sand, taken in a ratio of 1: 3. Such a foundation allows you to create a basement under the house for household needs.

And the last type of foundation is the platform. Such a foundation is presented in the form of a slab reinforced concrete foundation. The reinforcement is laid on a sand cushion made of crushed stone and sand, filled with a small layer of concrete. Next, formwork is installed, and the entire platform is poured with a foundation. The height of such a base should be equal to 60 cm, half of which should be a sand cushion.

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Instructions for assembling a frame house with your own hands from scratch

If you have chosen the frame-frame method, then it will allow you to build any low-rise building with any design in a short time. Most often, walls are created with more space for windows, this method will help to fill the whole house with light. The shape of the house can be arbitrary: a rectangle, a square, a triangle, even a circle. The unique frame assembly technology will allow you to build building elements of any most complex shape.

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From the above material it is quite clear that the geometric shape of your building can be absolutely any, however, the method of fastening the elements together is the same everywhere. Remember that the strength of your building directly depends on the way the parts are fastened together.

One of the most popular ways is a tenon-groove connection or a complete (incomplete) cutting. In addition to the main connection, the joints are additionally fastened with steel plates, connectors, holders and corners of various sizes. This method of fastening will provide structural rigidity, which affects the durability of your home. Fasteners, in turn, are fixed with nails, anchors and tightening bolts. The thickness and dimensions of fasteners directly depend on the design features.

You can assemble the frame after installing the ceiling from the beams. Vertical racks of internal walls and a facade are established. For this, a beam of 40 * 140 mm is used, if the partitions are not load-bearing, then dimensions of 40 * 100 mm are quite suitable. The installation step should be 40-60 cm; for floors, it is necessary to use beams whose thickness is 50 mm or more, and the length varies, depending on the spans.

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Do-it-yourself roof for a frame house

The configuration of the roof and the number of slopes should be indicated in the project of the house. Multi-pitched roofs have become very popular, but if you still do not have enough building skills, it will be easier to make an ordinary gable roof for a house with your own hands. The complexity of the work depends on the attic. If you plan to insulate the attic, then the rafters must be mounted in increments that are equal to the width of the insulation. The most suitable section of the material is 150 * 50 or 150 * 70 mm, respectively.

Rafters with the help of a sawn-out triangle should cut into the Mauerlat, only in this case the stability of the structure is ensured. Each side of the triangle is equal to a third of the thickness of the rafters. The crossbar is installed as a spacer between the beams. It is placed at the height of the ceiling, usually 2.4 and above. A bar 50 * 150 mm is suitable for the crossbar.

Roofing pie should consist of the following parts:

• vapor barrier material;
• installation of a counter-lattice;
• main crate;
• waterproofing layer;
• any roofing material.

The counter batten plays an important role in the construction of the roof: it fully provides ventilation between the batten and the rafters. It is to the counter-lattice that the roofing material is attached. The step of the bars directly depends on the material. The slate is laid on the beams, the distance between which is 30 cm, and the bituminous tiles should be laid on a continuous crate.

Modern technologies of low-rise construction allow you to independently build different types of houses. One of these is a do-it-yourself frame house, which is notable for its ease and relatively low financial costs.

Detailed step-by-step instructions will help you build a reliable and beautiful one-story or two-story house. The construction of a frame house consists of four stages.

In order to equip a frame house inexpensively, wood should be chosen as the main material. Due to this, the walls of the building hold heat well. In addition, the assembly of the house does not take much time. To build a frame house with your own hands, this instruction will help you.

Before starting to build a house from scratch, you will need to choose a suitable place, which should be well ventilated and have low humidity. This is due to the specifics of the operation of the tree.
It is worth noting that the step-by-step construction instructions will be relevant only if there is a project for the future building. You can sketch a sketch yourself, but then you will have to select the appropriate project for it. Without the availability of drawings with all the required calculations, the installation of a quality house will become impossible. You can order an individual project, or a standard one (it will cost less) in a design organization.

Foundation arrangement

When installing the foundation for a one-story house, do not forget about the communications that will pass through it. Under communications refers to the sewerage system, water supply, electrification. For their laying it is necessary to provide technological holes. This can be done better by looking at a photo or video on the Internet.

The foundation for a frame house can be of several types:

- columnar;

- tape (shallowly buried);

- from concrete blocks.

Using reinforcement technology, the strength of the foundation will be increased. Most often, wooden frame houses are built on a shallow foundation, since the walls of the building do not create a huge load. Quick installation of such a base does not require a huge amount of materials, which affects the reduction of financial costs. After watching video tutorials and step-by-step photos, you can get acquainted with the technology for arranging the foundation for a frame building.

Video photo report. Building a foundation for a frame house

Approximately seven days after pouring the foundation, it gains the necessary strength and the lower trim is laid on it - a beam of at least 150x150 mm. To comply with the technology, the timber is pre-treated with an antiseptic solution and placed on a waterproofed foundation. The beam can be attached to studs, equipped during the pouring of the foundation, or with anchor bolts. At the corners and at the junction, it is necessary to make a connection “to the floor of a tree” and fix it with nails.

A photo. Fastening the bottom trim to the foundation

After installing the lower trim, according to the technology, special grooves are cut in the timber for floor wooden logs (boards 50x150 mm) and vertical posts.

There are currently a large number of fasteners on the market, which greatly facilitates the installation of the frame of the house and with their use there is no need to cut special grooves.

The upper part of the lag is leveled for the subsequent laying of the floor of the house. To the lower part, the bars are installed, which serve as the basis for the draft floor on which the vapor barrier and insulation are placed.

Frame erection

Caracas is the foundation on which the entire structure of the house rests. According to technology, the frame is constructed from wooden vertical posts, fixed to each other with strapping and crossbars.

On the video on the Internet or at the end of this paragraph, you can see the assembly of the frame. In the case of using wooden racks, it is better to choose hardwoods - larch, oak, etc. The height of the racks should correspond to the height of the room. Their fastening with the lower harness is made by connecting the "thorn-groove" or a metal corner.

According to the construction technology, the distance between the racks and their size must be selected based on the load that will act from above.

After installing the vertical racks, the top trim should be laid in stages. The fastening method is the same as in the case of the bottom trim (by means of grooves). Usually, each connection takes two nails, which must be deepened by at least 10 cm. The final installation of the frame is carried out using cuts.

Video. Frame erection

Wall assembly and insulation

Exterior decoration of the walls of a frame house is carried out with various facing materials:

- siding;

- imitation of timber, etc.

The inner space of the wall is filled with insulation. As a heater, it is best to use mineral wool or basalt slabs. You can live in such a house all year round. However, for comfortable living during the winter months, the thickness of the thermal insulation material should not be less than 15 cm.

A photo. Thickening the walls of a frame house from the inside

Do not forget about protecting the wooden wall from moisture. To do this, a vapor barrier material should be laid on top of the thermal insulation. After, you can install the lathing from the rails and sheathe the house with siding.

Video lesson. Stages of finishing the house with siding

From the inside, the walls of the frame house are lined with drywall, OSB boards, clapboard. Do not forget, before the interior decoration of the walls, it is necessary to lay all the necessary communications and electrical wiring.

Windows and doors in frame houses can be installed immediately after the walls are built.

Roof construction

The correct scheme for the construction of a frame house involves the installation of a roof only after all the walls have been erected. There are several parameters that determine the structure of the roof.

2. The number of rays.

3. Dimensions.

4. The number of rafters and their pitch.

5. Roofing material.

However, before starting the installation of the roof, step-by-step construction instructions involve the placement of ceiling beams. They are attached to the upper wall trim with nails or brackets in grooves specially made for this. Where interior partitions will be located, it will be necessary to install supporting bars for additional support. After that, you can carry out the installation of the ceiling.

A photo. Construction of the roof of a frame house

There is one unwritten rule in construction - the more complex the shape of the roof, the more elegant it looks. However, the complexity of the form implies a significant laboriousness in the manufacture of the roof. Its installation will also be difficult. The most popular is the gable roof. As can be seen in numerous photos and videos on the Internet, its design is quite simple to manufacture and does not create a large load on the walls and base. Another advantage of this type of roof is the absence of concave corners - valleys, which are considered one of the most problematic roof components in the manufacture.

For a good removal of various atmospheric precipitation, in particular snow, the step-by-step instruction assumes a roof slope of at least 28 °. However, if you make a slope of more than 50 °, then the roof will experience significant wind pressure. The most optimal slope is 35-45 °. After looking at the photo of such a roof, you can verify its presentability.

A photo. Gable roof

It is necessary to begin the installation of the roof with the installation of rafters. Usually boards of 150x50 mm are chosen for rafters. The two ends of the board must be knocked together so that the letter L is obtained. Next, this structure is placed on the roof and the angle of inclination is selected. At the same time, from below the boards rest on the upper harness. When choosing the length of the rafters, it is necessary to take into account the fact that they should protrude from the walls of the building by about 40 - 50 cm. Having chosen the optimal angle, the boards are fixed with a crossbar. The result is a sample of the required rafters.

For a snug fit of the lower part of the rafters to the places of support on the walls, triangular cutouts can be made in the boards. The number of rafters required for the entire length of the roof depends on the distance between them, which should not be wider than 1 m. The optimal roofing scheme provides for a step equal to the width of the insulation that will be used to insulate it.

In the ridge, the rafters can be connected in half-paws, overlapped or butted. They are first placed at the ends of the building, and then a cord is pulled between the rafters and the rest are put up along it. Further, the scheme involves the installation of the crate. Depending on the chosen roofing material, it can be solid or thinned out.

To cover the roof, metal tiles, bituminous tiles, corrugated board are used. After the installation of the roof, it is the turn of the installation of a drainage system, blind area and drainage. Now the frame house with your own hands is completely ready for operation.

Video photo report. Construction of a frame house

Variants of the technology popular among developers differ in the choice of structural materials, construction method and type of insulation. Combines reliability, durability, rate of construction, no shrinkage. Assembly instructions will help in mastering the science of private housing construction.

Without a project - blindfolded

What gives the finished project of a frame house:

• Floor plans and drawings of units and structures;
• A complete list of quantities and sizes of materials;
• Calculation of costs for components and work;
• Timely supply of engineering communications;
• Decreased overhead and transport costs;
• Exclusion of the purchase of surplus materials;
• Planning for the expenditure of personal funds according to the estimate.

Site preparation

A zealous owner will remove weeds in advance at the future construction site of a frame house, organize covered places for storing material, a room where power tools will remain overnight. Plans and prepares convenient entrances for vehicles. You will need a temporary toilet, a canopy for rest and eating.

Foundation laying

Linking the project to the site implies familiarization with the hydrogeological surveys in the area - this will give an idea of ​​the required type of foundation.
The total weight of the building, the layout, the nature of the terrain, the type of soil and the depth of groundwater will determine the thickness and depth of the foundation. Important: concrete foundations need reliable waterproofing and, at a minimum, a gravel-sand drainage layer for drainage. Embedded elements with threaded anchors are pre-installed in concrete.

• On weak, flooded soils, by the way, a screw pile foundation will have to be installed, which is mechanically installed in one light day;
• Frosty swelling will tame a reinforced columnar foundation with an upper reinforced concrete grillage raised above the ground;
• The tape, made together with a solid cast plate, will hold the weight of a multi-ton monolithic frame house.

The choice of building material

In terms of frequency of use, the usual pine board is in the lead. LSTK (light steel thin-walled structures) and monolithic houses are less common. The traditional technology and the LSTC method are similar. The instruction will highlight common questions for them.

Bottom trim and floor joists

The frame of the lower trim is made not only from a bar, but also from boards assembled in a package, placed on an edge - there is less warping of the material. Each board is individually nailed. The joints are carried along the entire length. A jute tape is laid between each pair of boards. Important: use dried antiseptic planed material. The connections of the supporting structure are made with nails. The points of contact with concrete are laid with two layers of roofing material.
The elements of the frame of the frame house are fastened with cut-in joints, complemented by reinforced metal corners and supports. Horizontalness is checked by level, if it is not possible to use a level. A large washer is placed under the nut. The logs are hung on open supports of a suitable size. Between themselves, they are connected by crossbars in a run. The preferred fixation with the frame is studs. For the convenience of mounting the wall frame, a temporary draft floor is laid.

Fast wall installation

An increase in the pace of construction is possible in the event of the purchase of a complete house kit - component parts do not require processing and fitting. Second option - this is the consolidation of assembly units. To do this, an exact copy of the wall element is drawn on the draft floor, restrictive bosses are attached, and the first block is assembled. The control of dimensions and diagonals is the most thorough! The value should be calculated so that the weight does not exceed 100 kg when working together.
The step along the axes of the vertical racks is assumed to be 60 cm. In order not to lose the geometry of the fragment, it is covered with OSB (oriented strand board) 9–12 mm thick from above. In this case, the braces are not set, the necessary spatial rigidity is provided by OSB, reinforced corners (optional). Sheet sheathing materials are fastened with self-tapping screws, with an indent of 10-12 mm from the edge of the sheet. The gap between the sheets is 3 mm. Window and door openings are cut along the contour after filing. Don't miss strengthening the openings with headers and additional posts.

Installation starts from the corner along the jute tape. Verticality and stability will provide struts. The next block is also angular - they will hold each other. According to the conductor, the assembly of interior partitions is also carried out. It is also useful for mounting the modules of the second floor. Docking overlays of two modular elements along the plane are laid with jute to avoid the appearance of cold bridges, pulled together with studs.

The corners of the outer walls are designed as a warm corner. It is more reliable than a beam in terms of heat preservation. The strength characteristics are the same. It is desirable to orient the OSB outward for the subsequent convenience of filling and protecting the insulation from precipitation during installation.

The walls of the first floor of a frame house are covered around the perimeter with a board 50 mm thick. This ensures that the weight of the superstructures is evenly accepted and the connection of the corners is improved. The joints are arranged exactly along the axis of the vertical racks, not coinciding with the racks lying one step lower. The ceiling is an exact copy of the floor of the first floor. The axes of the lag and the vertical struts of the walls of the second floor (if it is arranged) coincide. Assembly according to the rules implies the distribution of weight exactly along the axes.

Roof

Mostly, the roof of a frame house is gabled according to its configuration: a simple structure with a slope of 35–45 degrees has less windage and does not accumulate snow mass. The power frame duplicates the axes of the structures located below. Roofing work begins when the frame gains rigidity due to the main walls sheathed on one side of the OSB, partitions, interfloor ceilings and sewn gables.

Warming according to the rules

Significant parameters for choosing a heater:

• Air permeability - the ability to remove dew point condensate;
• The level of thermal conductivity;
• Durability;
• Density.

These requirements are met by penoizol and basalt wool. The step of the racks and the log of the frame house are initially adjusted to the slab mineral wool materials: they are clamped in width when laying. Additional safety net against sagging - fixation at several points with mushroom holders. Each next layer is laid with overlapping joints of the previous one.

The heat insulator is laid under a covered roof. The instructions for insulating walls, ceilings and roofs are identical. In interior partitions, basalt wool functions only as a sound absorber. External structures not only hold, but also protect the insulation from getting wet and weathering.

A vapor barrier membrane is placed on the inside of the wall. The orientation of the sides is marked on the package. Purpose: to prevent the ingress of moisture from inside the house into the heat insulator. The reverse process is possible. The strips of the film are overlapped with double-sided tape. The attachment points of the stapler are glued with adhesive tape.

From the outside, a waterproofing film is installed. It protects stone wool from precipitation and gusts of wind. To effectively drain the insulation, a ventilated facade is arranged: vertical slats under the exterior finish maintain a continuous flow of air, preventing damp from lingering in bad weather, and entraining vapors from the thickness of the mineral wool in dry weather.

Conclusion

The instruction offered to your attention is not a dogma, but an unobtrusive guide to the basic points for implementing the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bbuilding your own frame housing. Strict adherence to tradition or reckless immersion in high-tech avant-gardism is your right choice. Creativity is never wrong. Be brave, you can do it!