Parking design. Design of parking lots and car parks Parking lot layout
Design– this is the preparation of a package of documentation, including engineering, technical and economic, design data and reflecting information about the construction and operating conditions of paid parking.
When designing, the interests of both parties should be taken into account as much as possible: the customer (parking lot owner) and users (motorists), taking into account the specifics of the development site and a host of related factors. In this case they are not suitable standard projects, not taking into account the characteristics of a particular object.
A competent approach to design means a detailed study of the main characteristics of parking: capacity, safety, ease of parking, design, etc. The combination of these indicators affects the market and investment attractiveness object.
Our company offers its Customers the development of a parking automation system project, taking into account all the features of a specific facility and the equipment used. Design or working documentation includes explanatory note, a set of working drawings, equipment specifications.
Parking design standards SNiP and GOST
Car parking is designed taking into account individual characteristics facility, in compliance with current SNiPs and GOSTs, as well as other regulatory documents.
Development of documentation is carried out in compliance with the following regulatory documents:
GOST R 21.1101-2013 Basic requirements for design and working documentation;
GOST R 51241-2008 Access control and management means and systems;
Electrical Installation Rules, ed. 7;
SP 113.13330.2012 Car parking;
Technical documentation of the equipment used in the system;
Documentation provided by the Customer;
Other current regulations.
How is a parking project created?
The parking project is created in several stages:
Pre-design. At this stage, technical specifications are drawn up, general construction design documentation is studied, or an inspection of the existing facility is carried out. The main technical automation solutions are selected.
Preparation project documentation(stage “P”). The stage includes the development of equipment layout, specifications, and power supply assignments.
Development of working documentation (stage “P”) based on design documentation agreed with all necessary regulatory authorities. This stage consists of creating a set of drawings, equipment layout diagrams, structural diagrams, communication and power line diagrams, construction assignments, and final approval of the project.
Detailed development of the project allows you to avoid many problems in the process of creating an automation system and its operation.
Types of designed parking lots
The design of parking lots depends on the type of facility. The parking lot can be a flat open surface parking lot or an indoor parking lot. Indoor parking, in turn, can be single or multi-level, above-ground or underground.
The type of parking being designed affects not only general construction decisions and engineering systems object, but also on the choice of technical solution for parking automation.
Competent design of parking lots guarantees a predictable result, allowing you to avoid errors both during the construction process and during the operation of the facility. In addition, the project must comply with the requirements of current regulatory documents.
For design organizations, the company is ready to provide free sets of standard diagrams and drawings in DWG format.
Examples of design solutions
Project No. 1 |
Project No. 2 |
Project No. 3 |
If you need to design a parking lot, contact our company’s specialists to provide all the necessary information.
Some of our objects
You can find the full list in the section “ |
What types of parking lots are there for cars? What are the features of developing parking projects, industrial design, scope of work and regulatory regulation.
Design of parking lots and parking areas is one of the areas project activities Promterra companies in Moscow, Moscow region and other cities of Russia. Professional development of drawings, diagrams, engineering research land plots, qualified staff - there are all the components for high-quality provision of design services. Regardless of the complexity and scope of work, each parking structure must comply with regulatory requirements and standards: SP 113.13330.2012, SNiP 21-01-97, GOST R 52290-2004, GOST 21.101-97, GOST R 21.1101-2013.
Types of parking lots and parking lots
The road design system assumes the possibility of creating different types parking lots that will be tailored to the specific needs of the facility. There are three types of parking based on location:
- surface parking (flat, eco-parking);
- underground parking (public, private);
- parking lots near or adjacent to it.
The first two types of parking are the most in demand, which is determined by their prevalence, convenience and ease of use. Underground parking requires additional hydrogeological studies. They cost building owners more, because it is necessary to further strengthen the load-bearing structures, as well as take care of reliable floors. When properly designed, this type of parking turns out to be an effective and spacious solution for both car users and parking area owners. In addition, there are open and closed, heated, unheated and combined parking lots.
Automated (mechanized) parking
Conventional flat one-level parking lots remain in demand, but when creating them, difficulties arise in finding a suitable area. This is especially true for large shopping or office centers, large-scale residential areas, where every meter is important. Multi-level ramps or complex automated systems is a design trend that is successfully developing and gaining momentum. The main advantages, unlike other types of parking and garages, are space savings.
What are the requirements for parking projects?
Practical experience and regulatory documents determine a number of general requirements for parking lots of any type. They include the following:
- development (traffic management);
- organization of traffic for cars and pedestrians;
- distribution of parking spaces throughout the territory;
- development of drainage from any type of parking area;
- modeling of the transport situation in the future perimeter.
Organization of fire safety in above-ground and underground parking lots is one of the main design requirements (GOST 12.1.004). It is necessary to organize evacuation routes for Vehicle and pedestrians, and during the construction process fire-resistant structures should be used, taking into account the developed common systems fire safety. For mechanized parking lots in Moscow, according to SP 5.13130, automatic fire extinguishing devices are used.
Features of the parking design process
In order to develop optimal and competent parking solutions, it is necessary to analyze and process a large amount of initial information and documentation, which will provide an objective understanding of the features of the facility:
- functional purpose;
- boundaries of the site used for the project;
- project location and design in urban planning;
- analysis and calculation of the required number of spaces for cars;
- features of the transport scheme;
- capacity accounting, turning radius of cars, etc.
Stages of developing design solutions for parking lots
- At the first stage, developers visit the site for a visual inspection. Conduct the necessary research, take measurements if necessary, compare the results with the original documentation and make preliminary calculations for the amount of area and parking spaces.
- The second stage is the design itself with the adoption of technical, financial, economic, organizational and planning decisions. They must accurately reflect the meaning of the tasks set for future construction, and also comply with regulatory requirements for a parking lot with the planned number of parking spaces.
Development of design and working documentation
Project documentation is drawn up on the basis of a working model. Many technical solutions must mandatory agreed with regulatory authorities. As a result, specialists draw up a technological project, including working documentation for the NGN and an information transport model of the vehicle. The composition includes drawings and diagrams of vehicle placement, traffic signs, horizontal markings, artificial road irregularities, etc. The technological project is a reflection of the future operating principle of the parking lot.
Guarantee period for the developed design documentation - 5 years!
Parking should be convenient, functional, with a well-thought-out traffic management system. This will ensure its efficient functioning. Only specialized companies should be involved in the development of projects of this level in Moscow and the region. Work experience and number of successful completed projects– a good indicator of professional activity. The developed flat, multi-level, ramp, automated parking, regardless of the complexity of the technical solutions, comply with all regulations (MGSN, SNiP, GOST, traffic rules and others). These are factors to ensure operational safety; efficiency and legality always come first.
The main element of the infrastructure of each property is parking. The attractiveness of an office (shopping) center, multi-storey residential building or hotel complex depends on its characteristics, in particular the number of seats. Therefore, the design of parking lots is the main stage of strategic planning, during the implementation of which the main concept of the project as a whole is developed based on the wishes of the customer.
The StroyGroup company is one of the experienced designers, engaged in the construction and design of parking lots, hotels, multi-storey residential buildings, car centers, office and administrative, warehouse, retail and industrial premises for twenty years. During this time, she won 100 percent trust of customers, successfully designed and implemented a huge number of projects.
The parking designed by our company is a 5-level parking lot of 15,000 m2 with an administrative building, MRTZ, Moscow (Stage P).
Frame made of monolithic reinforced concrete
Sandwich panels, stained glass glazing made of aluminum profile
Administrative and amenity block with a ventilated facade
Stages of parking lot design
The creation of the project by the company’s specialists is carried out in accordance with the current requirements and standards for parking lots: SNIP 21-02-99 “Car Parking”, “SP 113.13330.2012 Car Parking”, SNiP 2.07.01-89 “Urban Planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements", GOST R 52766-2007, GOST R 12.4.026-2001, taking into account the specifics and style of a particular object, based on international standards ISO 9000 series quality.
Correct stage-by-stage design of parking lots takes into account:
- number of parking spaces;
- safety;
- aesthetics of all components of the parking lot;
- convenience of the design solution and other important indicators.
- The investment attractiveness of an infrastructure facility directly depends on the careful design of a parking lot, so it is important to consistently work through each stage, excluding the human factor.
Necessary stages of parking design:
- pre-project stage;
- choosing the type of car parking;
- design of building structures for parking;
- engineering Communication;
- development of finished project documentation;
- coordination of the project with the customer, adjustments if necessary;
- coordination with authorities and preparation of working documentation.
Pre-project stage
At the initial stage, it is necessary to draw up technical specifications. StroyGroup specialists provide approval appearance car parking on the theme of city landscape design. At the preliminary stage, a 3D model of the future parking lot is being developed.
A special role in the design of parking lots and parking lots is played by the individual characteristics of the area, urban planning, technical restrictions, as well as the planned cost of design and construction work. At the preliminary stage of analyzing the possible architectural design of a car park, our team takes into account many technical and economic indicators, finds a harmonious relationship between technical complexity, the profitability of the project and its cost. In any situation, the StroyGroup Company applies an individual approach, performs a clear analysis of all parking data, on the basis of which the final decision is made.
The car parking concept includes:
- proposal regarding the organization of parking space;
- proposal for the placement of parking equipment;
- proposal for a parking tariff system, creation of groups of vehicle owners;
- proposals for the movement of crossings, car parking;
- explanations for the operation of car parking.
After the preliminary stage of agreeing on a conceptual solution, specialists move directly to the stage of drawing up a parking project and drawing up all the necessary working documentation. The cost of designing a car parking depends on a number of factors: the area of the building itself, the complexity of communication solutions for parking, engineering systems, the desired uniqueness of the architecture of the facility, as well as design solutions for parking.
Selecting a parking type
After agreeing on the basic concept of the parking lot, the stage of preparing working design documentation begins:
- explanatory note;
- designing a parking structure diagram;
- parking equipment design diagrams;
- layout of local network cables and vehicle passage;
- parking equipment specifications;
- tasks for power supply of parking;
- assignments for construction work;
- assembly drawings.
At the stage of drawing up working documentation, it is necessary to decide on the type of parking:
- Depending on the location at ground level, parking lots are: above ground or underground, mixed.
- According to the design of the parking lot fencing, they are divided into: closed, mixed type, open.
- By number of floors: multi-storey and single-storey parking lots.
- By location relative to the city: in a residential area or public area.
- By distance from other objects: built-in, separately located and combined parking lots.
- By duration of car placement: permanent, seasonal.
- According to temperature conditions: cold or heated parking lots.
- By storage method: box, cell, arena parking, mixed.
The design and construction of a multi-storey car park involves taking into account the characteristics of the structure, for example, the presence, additional possible vibration load in a certain area, as well as the planned loading scenario. The progress of the next design depends on the initial stage, and therefore it requires special attention.
Design of parking structures
Based on SP 113.13330.2012 “Car Parking”, SNiP 21-02 “Car Parking”, GOST R 51256 “Road Marking”, SNiP 21-01 “Fire Safety of Buildings and Structures” the parking lot is being designed. Depending on those. car parking tasks may include technical, service rooms, storage rooms, bathrooms, elevators, special equipment for people with disabilities. Modern parking lots provide for the possibility of driver participation (use of elevators for cargo, ramps) or through the assistance of devices without the involvement of people.
Given the shortage of land, parking lots are located under public buildings or residential buildings. At the same time, the features of car parking are laid down at the design stage of the facility. When defining properties constructive solution parking lot, the dimensions of the cars and their maneuverability are taken into account. Large-scale parking lots provide parking spaces for parking and storing cars of various classes.
Car parking structures are used under conditions of exposure to loads - vibration. When developing parking structures, we provide for good strength of the load-bearing part, floors, and ramps through special calculations and the selection of special materials.
Engineering Communication
Parking lots are designed on the basis of SNiP 2.04.01, SNiP 2.04.02, SNiP 2.04.05. Design solutions for parking lots in buildings provide for the autonomous functioning of communications. Enclosed parking lots are designed in compliance with energy efficiency conditions. The StroyGroup company designs facilities that require minimal energy consumption.
Parking communication solutions include the following systems:
- heating;
- ventilation and smoke removal system;
- drainage;
- electricity supply;
- automatic fire safety system;
- fire extinguishing system;
- car parking alarm.
The heating system for car parking is created at the discretion of the customer. The temperature in the parking lot should not fall below plus five degrees. For car parking of cars that need urgent departure, a heating project must be created. Normative documents also includes heating of a number of utility rooms.
In accordance with SNiP 23-05, a parking lot lighting system is provided. In addition to lighting devices, an emergency lighting system is installed indicating the exit, location of machines, as well as locations of fire extinguishing equipment.
For a high-quality air purification system, flow-exhaust ventilation systems are installed in car parks. The ventilation system must perform as efficiently as possible main function under heavy workload. The use of parking requires the installation of video surveillance, an electronic pass system, and an automatic barrier. In order to simplify the maintenance of the building, as well as reduce operating costs, the parking lot is equipped with elevators and special lifts.
Development of finished project documentation
Working documentation makes it possible to prevent potentially dangerous mistakes that can be made during the implementation of basic construction and installation work. Therefore, before the construction stage, a high-quality project is created that meets current requirements. Such documentation has a 2nd meaning, it is necessary for the contracting organization to comply with the wishes of the customer, and on the other hand, it is needed by the executive bodies to verify the reliability of the structure - whether, for example, the building will collapse during the construction of a parking lot.
Based on SNiP 2.04.09, for example, a fire extinguishing system for a parking lot is being designed. During the development of this part of the project, the geoparameters of the building, the estimated fire load, the placement of emergency exits, as well as the parameters of the outside air are taken into account. When designing parking lots underground type- the StroyGroup company designs water pumping systems, as well as smoke removal systems when extinguishing fires. In closed parking lots, it is necessary to install instruments to determine the concentration of carbon monoxide, as well as alarm devices.
Drawing up design documentation is a complex and necessary stage in the construction of a car park. The implementation of a whole range of tasks assigned to the developer depends on its high-quality implementation. When developing a project, not only the number of parking spaces is taken into account, but also the stability of the building and the safety of the cars inside. Cars need to be protected from weather conditions, as well as from the actions of potential intruders and possible fire.
Coordination of the project with the customer, adjustments if necessary
At this stage, technical consultation is provided by specialists in the development and modernization of the system - this is the most important advantage, since in this case the project is fully adapted to a specific project, taking into account the specifics of the facility and the wishes of the customer.
Coordination of the project with the authorities and preparation of working documentation
At the final stage of project creation, the documentation goes through an approval process. The general plan for the location of the facility on the site is approved by the traffic police. The design decision on the relationship between entry/exit and the city road network is being clarified. Architectural features must be approved by the city architect. Engineering networks undergo non-state examination, as well as inspection by relevant government services.
Why is it worth ordering parking design from StroyGroup?
Among the advantages of cooperation with the StroyGroup company:
- optimization of construction costs according to estimates. The company’s specialists reduce by 5-30% estimated cost and operational loads due to thoughtful layout, choice building materials, as well as optimal energy efficiency of car parking;
- We carry out all construction projects “From” and “To”: development of a sketch, working documentation, approval stage, passing an expert review, obtaining a final permit;
- we apply effective management systems, reducing the time spent on all stages of project implementation by up to 18%, thanks to the use of ISO 9001 and regulatory control systems;
- We use new design technologies based on advanced industry achievements.
The StroyGroup company understands the importance of all stages and details of parking design. Therefore, each stage is carried out by our employees thoughtfully, consistently, responsibly and with a high level of professionalism. When designing car parking, we pay due attention to all the necessary details to create the most efficient parking facilities, conditions for car owners and owners of future parking lots.
5.1 Parking lots for permanent storage of vehicles must include open areas for parking vehicles, rooms for duty officers and storage of equipment, relevant elements of engineering equipment and landscaping, and also, if necessary and technically possible, there may be maintenance, technical repair and car washing posts, including self-service points, inspection pits (overpasses), and car interior cleaning areas. Such parking lots can
be equipped with sun canopies, windproof walls, decorative sun protection and noise protection landscaping.
In parking lots for temporary storage of cars, if necessary (determined by the customer) and technically possible, self-service points, inspection pits (overpasses) are installed in specially designated areas, and a security alarm is installed.
5.2 When designing parking lots, the following regulatory parameters should be taken into account:
The dimensions of one parking space in parking lots for storing medium-sized cars (taking into account the minimum permissible safety gaps of 0.5 m) are 2.5 × 5.3 m. For temporary parking lots, parking dimensions of 2.3 × 5.0 m are allowed. Safety gaps are allowed increase to 0.7 m;
Minimum width of passages: two-way traffic - 6 m, one-way traffic - 3.5 m;
The radius of curvature of the side stone is at least 6 m.
Note. When calculating the number of motorcycles that can be placed in parking lots, the following dimensions of the parking space are accepted: motorcycle with sidecar - 2.4 × 1.7 m, single motorcycle - 2.4 × 0.8 m, distance between motorcycles
Not less than 0.5 m.
5.3 Depending on the configuration and size of the parking lot, the organization of entry and exit, a single-row or multi-row arrangement of cars can be adopted with the installation of cars on one side of the driveway and along both its opposite sides, parallel, perpendicular or at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the driveway.
At the same time, the requirement of rational use of the allocated territory, ensuring the safety of traffic and pedestrians (separation of their directions of movement) within the site and on adjacent streets and driveways must be met.
5.4 The movement of cars through the parking lot should be one-way, and if the parking capacity is more than 100 cars, there should be no oncoming or intersecting flows. Within parking lots, regardless of their capacity, oncoming and intersecting traffic of cars is allowed at an intensity of no more than 5 units per hour.
5.5 Parking lots for permanent and temporary storage of more than 50 cars must have at least two entrances and exits: one for regular traffic (main), the rest for emergency evacuation of cars. Emergency exits may go onto intra-block driveways of a residential area.
The number of emergency trips is established based on the calculation - one trip for a number of over 50 to 200 cars and an additional one trip for every subsequent full or incomplete 200 cars.
With a small capacity (up to 50 places), a combined entrance and exit with a width of at least 4.5 m is allowed. In parking lots with a larger capacity, entry and exit should be dispersed.
5.6 Entrances and exits from parking lots (gates, barriers) must be located with a distance from the edge of the roadway at a distance of at least the longest car model (6.0 m).
5.7 In front of the gates that provide entry to large parking lots for permanent and temporary storage of cars, storage areas should be arranged based on the calculation of 10% of the number of vehicles arriving at the parking lot during rush hour.
5.8 The minimum distance from the entrances to and exits from the parking lot should be:
From the intersections of main streets of citywide and regional significance (from the border of the roadway) - 100 m;
From intersections of streets and local passages (from the border of the roadway) - 35 m;
From the area of the stopping point of mass passenger transport - 30 m.
Entrances and exits to a city-wide highway are permitted only to their local driveways.
Note. Transit passage through the territory of a residential area to a parking lot with a capacity of more than 50 parking spaces is not allowed.
5.9 In parking lots with 50 or more places for permanent and temporary storage of cars, a checkpoint should be installed at the main entrance/exit (rooms for service personnel, toilets, etc.), an area for storing fire-fighting equipment, installing containers, etc. garbage bins.
5.10 At the entrance to a large temporary parking lot, a board is installed with a car traffic pattern, a plan for their urgent evacuation, numbering of spaces, information about the parking hours, and tariffs for the provision of services.
5.11 Parking lots should be designed with a hard surface (asphalt-concrete, concrete, gravel, crushed stone) and slopes in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle axes of no more than 1% and in the transverse direction - no more than 4%. The minimum slope is assigned depending on the type of coating, taking into account the provision of surface drainage.
5.12 Parking lots for permanent storage of cars must have fencing made of non-combustible materials and lighting of the horizontal surface of at least 4 lux.
5.13 Fire distances from the boundaries of open parking lots (including those with canopies) to buildings and structures for servicing automobiles, industrial and other enterprises and buildings must be accepted:
a) until industrial buildings and structures:
I, II and III degrees of fire resistance on the side of walls without openings - the same is not standardized on the side of walls with openings - at least 9 m
IV degree of fire resistance on the side of walls without openings - at least 6 m
the same on the side of walls with openings - at least 12m
other degrees of fire resistance, regardless of the presence of openings - at least 15 m
b) to administrative and service buildings:
I, II and III degrees of fire resistance - not less than 9 m
other degrees of fire resistance - not less than 15 m
Alexander Kaptsov
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Paid parking lots are considered a popular and profitable business, since in any metropolis there is always a severe shortage of parking spaces. There are parking lots various types: multi-storey, underground, open, closed. However, most of all, commercial success is determined by a well-chosen location. Such facilities are best located in residential areas, where the demand for such services always exceeds supply.
Documentation
According to the legislation, activities related to the storage of vehicles on a paid basis are subject to state licensing .
The procedure must be completed by those who plan to organize one of the following types of parking:
- Indoor or outdoor parking.
- Heated or unheated garage.
The most important document you need to obtain is an approved car park project . It is made design organizations, after which it is approved by government agencies.
The full list of documents for opening a parking lot is as follows:
- certificate of state registration— as an individual or legal entity;
- lease contract land plot;
- a parking project approved by the city architecture committee;
- building permit issued by district authorities;
- conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor;
- fire inspection report;
- conclusion on drainage;
- conclusion of the sanitary inspection;
- conclusion of the environmental commission;
- official notification of the upcoming construction of a parking lot for the Transportation Management Department.
Terms and requirements
- Open parking lots for cars
This type of parking is the most popular and profitable both for business founders and clients, since the construction of a facility does not require large investments, and the cost of subsequent services is never greatly inflated. An open parking lot is a piece of land that is fenced on only two sides.
Such objects can function using natural and artificial lighting. At night it is necessary turn on the lights . For example, for a site measuring 2500 square meters, their number should be at least 15 pieces.
Checkpoints should have sufficient bright lighting , as these are high-risk areas. Places for pedestrian movement are equipped with devices that guarantee illumination of 100-150 lux.
Outdoor parking lots do not require air ventilation or smoke removal systems.
- Closed car parks
This type of parking is different from open objects only because there is an external fence here around the entire perimeter . The norms and requirements for the organization of such parking lots are no different from those that apply to open parking lots.
- Multi-storey multi-level car parks
Multi-level parking lots according to the method of execution are divided into three types, which determine how the floors will be located relative to the ground level:
- ground,
- underground,
- aboveground-underground.
Such parking lots can accommodate several thousand cars . They must include ramps, elevators and lifts, and special inclined floors. Installed in buildings fire safety systems , smoke exhaust and ventilation, as well as high-quality lighting.
- Truck parking
Since the facility is designed to serve heavy trucks, it should be located on the way out of town . This factor has a positive effect on the costs of organizing parking, making the business more profitable.
Areas for such parking must have high-quality fencing and good 24/7 security . The road surface must be covered with a special compound, and the area must be equipped with drainage system . The remaining requirements are the same as for an open parking lot.
- Home parking lots
The property is a loosely fenced but protected plot of land near multi-storey buildings . The parking lot is designed exclusively for cars belonging to local residents, and it is desirable that it serves at least 20 vehicles. This will allow you to do business is profitable .
No special no parking requirements , A financial investments into the matter will be minimal.
- Underground warm parking lots for cars
Underground heated parking lots require significant investments and are designed for wealthy clients . Objects should be located near elite high-rise buildings or in the business center of the city.
The parking area for 20 cars should be about 500 square meters. Demand for this type of service is increasing in the cold season .
Warm parking lots are built in accordance with with approved standards and necessarily include heating and air conditioning systems, lighting, and fire safety.
- Penalty parking lots
The facility looks very much like a simple outdoor parking lot. However he needs in enhanced security , since cars entering its territory are registered with law enforcement agencies. Detained transport is placed for storage until required , and its issuance is made after payment of the corresponding large contribution.
Such parking lots are often located owned by the state , so using them as a business is not entirely advisable.
- Prefabricated modular car parks
All that is needed for such a parking lot is a free plot of land. Parking is easily erected due to special structures that easy to assemble and disassemble , therefore suitable for both temporary and permanent use. The modules can be installed on an existing parking area, thus making it multi-level .
Land plot
It is most advantageous to locate parking in densely populated residential areas . It is in these parts of the city that there is always an acute shortage of parking spaces. But it is also advisable to conduct market research to determine The level of interest local residents in such services.
Parking must be located in the immediate vicinity proximity to multi-storey buildings . You can start a business with a small plot of land of 300-600 square meters, and expand it over time. For this it is necessary find out in advance on the possibility of purchasing or leasing adjacent land.
Most reliable buy a parking lot and not depend on the lease term and terms of the contract. However, this may require considerable investment, since, for example, an open parking lot with 100 seats requires an area of about 2,500 square meters.
It is important to inquire in advance the presence or absence of any communications passing under the parking lot. If there are heating mains, pipes or power lines underground, construction of the facility will require obtain permission from Rospotrebnadzor and related utilities.
- Within the city of Moscow 1 square meter concreted outdoor area can be rented at a price from 1800 to 6000 rub. in year .
- Plots outside the Moscow Ring Road are much cheaper - about 800 rub. for 1 square per year .
- In St. Petersburg, land rental is offered at a price from 400 to 1000 rub. for 1 square meter in year , depending on amenities and location.
When drawing up a lease agreement, you should pay attention to its terms.
- Lease term (it is advisable to conclude a deal for 49 years).
- Possibility of subsequent purchase of land.
- Possibility of expanding the boundaries of the site (lease nearby territories).
Plan and project
Car park design is carried out by specialized design bureaus : public and private. These organizations develop plans, visualizations and all technical documentation according to building regulations and the rules prescribed by law.
The parking lot design determines:
- type of parking;
- number of storeys of the building being constructed;
- interior layouts;
- parking position relative to ground level;
- the amount of vibration and dynamic loads withstand;
- necessary transport links;
- types of communications and fire safety systems.
Construction of parking lots should be carried out taking into account number of floors and architecture surrounding buildings. These parameters are approved by government agencies.
Any parking lot must be designed according to accepted building codes . In the Russian Federation, such rules are regulated by a special document - SNiP 21-02-99.
Let's look at an example...
- Maximum height aboveground parking is 9 floors, underground - 5.
- Size one parking space cannot be less than 5 meters in length and 2.3 meters in width.
- In cargo parking lots the capacity of one block should not exceed 100 cars, and the height restriction does not allow the construction of such buildings higher than 28 meters.
- Case width surface open parking cannot be more than 40 meters.
Construction Materials
All structures and materials from which the parking lot is constructed must be resistant to impact harmful vibrations, exhaust gases and oil products. The building must provide increased security for clients , vehicles and working personnel.
The parking lot building always has finishing that meets the following requirements:
- the walls are covered with materials that prevent the spread of flame;
- floors are made from components that are resistant to the negative effects of petroleum products;
- ramps and areas for pedestrians are made of anti-slip materials;
- The road surface must necessarily consist of a substance that blocks the absorption of petroleum products.
Equipment
The parking area is divided into two conventional zones:
- Checkpoint.
- Car storage area.
For high-quality accounting of all vehicles, they use CCTV systems . They allow you to maintain order at the site, monitor the integrity of employees and help resolve possible disputes and conflicts with clients.
Control of the parking area also requires video recording of ongoing events. For this purpose, video cameras and recorders, audio devices, recording systems and storage of captured information , autonomous lighting systems.
At the entrance to the parking lot it is necessary to place security workplace , controller and cashier. Automatic and mechanical barriers, barriers, and electronic gates are used as fencing. Such devices may have remote control .
The parking space may look like a separate box or garage, or have small limiters — parking bollards, barriers, etc.
Fire safety
Fire safety at the facility is guaranteed by implementing following rules and measures:
- security high-quality ventilation and smoke removal in premises
- installation fire safety systems (sensors, fire extinguishing systems);
- usage compositions that prevent fire as building materials;
- compliance general rules fire safety (no open flame sources, smoking ban, etc.);
- timely instructing employees and appointing those responsible for compliance with established rules;
- maintaining all in working order necessary funds fire extinguishing;
- security premises with special fire compartments.
Accounting and Taxation
Taxation of parking lots is often carried out according to UTII system. In this case, the tax will be calculated based on from the parking area , and not by the number of employees.
The amount of deductions directly depends on the size of the land plot specified in the lease agreement. For example, if the parking area has an area of 300 sq. m., but in fact 200 square meters are allocated for storing cars and this is fixed in the contract, then the tax will be charged only on 200. If the lease agreement does not allocate meters of “useful” area, then payment will be charged, based on total area .
In the case when the parking lot operates in addition to UTII on a simplified system taxation, then profits received from commercial activities will be taxed at rate 6 or 15% .
Accounting does not require a full-time employee; during reporting periods you can invite specialist on a piecework basis . The only one accounting document, which is issued to all parking customers, is a cash receipt.
Staff
Parking lot management does not require significant human resources. For a modest outdoor parking you will need only several guards , which will perform security and control functions.
For a large parking lot you will have to hire administration , for example, manager, secretary, manager.
The responsibilities of these people may include the following functions:
- Adoption for the work of service personnel;
- organization cleaning the area;
- provision information to clients;
- carrying out advertising campaigns, developing business.
The number of guards and controllers is also will require an increase . In small parking lots, these two positions can be successfully combined, but in large facilities it is reasonable to separate them. responsibilities of controllers (accounting for clients, collecting information, keeping a journal, issuing receipts) from the work of security guards (managing video surveillance systems, maintaining order, access to the territory).
Business plan
Sample business plan for organizing an outdoor parking lot
Name | Indicators |
Primary costs | |
Paperwork | 150,000 rub. |
Construction equipment | 60,000 rub. |
Fencing costs | 3,000-6,000 rub. for 1 design |
Road surface | 1,300 rub. crushed stone or 4,000 rub. asphalt |
Lighting | 400 rub. for 1 lamp |
Monthly expenses | |
Rental costs | 120,000 rub. |
Salary to employees (6 people) | 900 00 rub. |
Accountant salary | 5,000-10,000 rub. |
Payment for public utilities and phone | 2,000 rub. |
Expected profit | |
Average revenue per parking space | 200 rub./day |
Total revenue from 100 cars | 20,000 rub./day |
Total revenue from 100 per month | 600,000 rub. |
Total revenue from 100 per year | RUB 7,200,000 |
Estimated parking lot profit | 400,000 rub./year |
Payback period | 1.8 years |
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