Parking space organization project. Design of parking lots of different types
In the territory Russian Federation the design of parking lots is regulated, the main provisions of which were developed back in the 1980s for other social and economic conditions... When developing this regulatory document, new forms of trade services that appeared after the collapse of the USSR were not considered: hypermarkets, supermarkets, shopping and entertainment centers, etc.
In fact, it offers only one indicator - parking index... For today's high load conditions UDS (road network of the planning and surveying project) this is not enough: in particular, there remains open question assessing the flow of visitors to the facility using vehicles.
Main characteristics the work of parking lots in the zones of large shopping facilities, which should be taken into account in the projects of the road traffic control and the organization of traffic, are:
- coefficient of uneven loading of the parking lot for the day;
- average parking time;
- parking capacity.
Important is accounting of parking capacity and average parking duration, based on these readings, the flow of vehicles to and from the facility can be assessed. Based on this, a design solution for the organization of traffic is determined (the number of entrances and exits, access to the main road traffic system).
Parking index, on the basis of which the need for parking spaces is determined, can take into account several indicators:
- quantity parking spaces per unit area (large supermarkets, hypermarkets offering a wide range of services and goods);
- the number of parking spaces per one cash register or one seller (supermarkets specializing in the sale of food, which are characterized by a relatively shorter service duration, the formation of queues of visitors when paying for purchases).
The presence of such a system of indicators will make it possible to more accurately predict the need for parking spaces and additional loads on the road traffic system caused by large retail facilities.
The design of parking lots is carried out in accordance with the requirements, as well as taking into account the specifics and style solutions inherent in each object.
Generalized design requirements for all types of parking lots (link to an article about parking) include:
- development of the layout of the technical means necessary for the organization of traffic (road signs, horizontal and vertical markings, signs);
- organization of automobile and pedestrian traffic, their optimization in order to ensure comfort and safety;
- planning a parking area containing the location of parking spaces;
- development of measures for drainage from the parking area;
- development of lighting schemes and video surveillance;
- general analysis of potential client groups and VIP users separately;
- analysis of the global transport situation (nearby roads, intersections, stops);
- analysis of the traffic situation in the immediate vicinity of the parking lot and inside it;
- detailed consideration and assessment of the organizational and technical solutions for the functioning of parking zones;
- informing drivers and pedestrians (drivers outside cars).
Multilevel underground and aboveground parking is an object with an increased level of fire hazard. To ensure fire safety at the facility, it is necessary to fulfill certain requirements, provide for escape routes, make structures fire-resistant, and develop fire safety engineering systems.
Design of underground parking
When developing a project for an underground parking, it is necessary to ensure that certain requirements are met:
- safety;
- convenience of entry and exit (they are located separately);
- good waterproofing, the presence of a number engineering systems providing a microclimate (ventilation and gas control, heating), as well as fire extinguishing and smoke removal, communications, lighting;
- sufficient height of ceilings and width of entrances and exits and parking spaces.
In a real urban environment, meeting many of these requirements is not an easy task.
Hydrogeological conditions is one of the most important characteristics of the site chosen for the construction of an underground parking lot. Groundwater and soil composition can limit placement depth and complicate construction. In addition, any large structure itself affects the underground watercourse, and one has to take into account the effect of the created parking lot on the foundations of the surrounding buildings. In order to avoid conflicts with the owners, this circumstance must be taken into account.
Also, do not forget about urban planning restrictions, in particular, protected zones of architectural monuments, various communications, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to fulfill the requirement to ensure a 10-minute pedestrian accessibility for car owners, if we are talking about parking lots intended for permanent storage of cars.
If you are designing an underground car park in a residential area and under the roads, this is the most difficult task. The creation of underground parking lots in the local area is allowed under driveways, open parking lots, and sports grounds. In this case, the provision of sanitary standards comes to the fore. Distances from underground parking lots to residential buildings, public and office buildings are not standardized. However, it is necessary to maintain sanitary gaps from the emission points of pollutants and noise sources. According to SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03, the distance from the entrance-exit and from the ventilation shafts to these buildings must be at least 15 meters.
An underground car park, organized directly under the carriageway, is very convenient, but it requires high costs for reinforcing load-bearing structures and covering. These costs will be justified if there are several underground levels. On the other hand, with an increase in the number of underground levels, the costs associated with the working conditions increase sharply.
Design of semi-mechanized and mechanized parking
When designing mechanized parking lots, one should also be guided. Below we will present a few excerpts from this document in order to make it easier for you to deal with this difficult question.
What is semi-mechanized parking?
3.2 Parking lot with semi-mechanized parking: A parking lot in which vehicles are transported to storage sites with the participation of drivers using special mechanized devices.
What is mechanized parking?
3.6 Mechanized parking lot: A parking lot in which vehicles are transported to storage places (cells) by special mechanized devices (without the participation of drivers).
General provisions on mechanized parking:
5.2.38 Mechanized car parking (MAP) - temporary prefabricated structure in which special (mechanized) devices are used to transport vehicles.
5.2.26.
It is allowed to store cars in a multi-tiered parking space using mechanized parking facilities when equipped with automatic fire extinguishing means that ensure irrigation of each tier of the parking space.
5.2.27.
Parking lots with mechanized devices may be designed above ground and underground. It is allowed to attach ground parking lots to buildings for other purposes only to blank walls with a fire resistance limit of at least REI 150.
5.2.28.
The composition and area of premises, storage cells (places), parameters of parking lots are adopted in accordance with the technical features of the used car parking system.
Fire extinguishing and layout:
The control of the mechanized device, control over its operation and fire safety of the parking lot must be carried out from the control room located on the landing floor.
5.2.29
Parking lots with a mechanized device must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations in accordance with SP 5.13130.
5.2.30
Buildings (structures) of mechanized parking lots can be provided with overhead constructive fire hazard class C0.
Parking lots can be designed using an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of non-combustible materials without the use of combustible insulation (such as a multi-tiered shelf).
5.2.31. A car park unit with a mechanized device can have a capacity no more than 100 parking spaces and a building height no more than 28 m.
If it is necessary to arrange a parking lot from several blocks, they should be separated by type 1 fire partitions.
Each of the blocks of the mechanized parking lot must be provided with an access for fire engines and the ability for fire departments to access any floor (tier) from two opposite sides of the parking block (through glazed or open openings).
With a construction height of up to 15 m above the ground, the capacity of the block can be increased to 150 parking spaces. In the block of the mechanized parking lot for maintenance of the systems of the mechanized device on floors (tiers), it is allowed to arrange an open staircase made of non-combustible materials.
5.2.32. Parking lots with mechanized devices are allowed to design at least IV degree of fire resistance and class of constructive fire hazard C0.
5.2.33. In mechanized open-type parking lots, enclosing structures may be provided in accordance with from 5.2.13.
Ventilation and smoke removal systems are not required.
What does mechanized parking include?
5.2.39 Mechanized car parking system includes:
a) access roads to the terminal to accommodate a queue of cars;
b) terminals for transferring vehicles to mechanized MAC devices;
c) mechanized devices for horizontal and vertical movement of vehicles;
d) working areas of mechanized devices;
e) places of storage of cars.
5.2.40 MAP classifies:
a) by the level of automation;
b) according to the mobility of places where cars are stored;
c) as much as possible unimpeded collection of cars;
d) on the design of the elements of capture (transfer and storage) of vehicles;
e) according to the relative spatial arrangement of parked cars.
What could be mechanized parking?
5.2.41 Mechanized car parking systems can be:
but) ;
b) multi-storey with a pair of vertical rows of stationary storage places for cars, between which there is a space for moving a mechanized device ();
c) providing for the regrouping and mobility of storage sites;
d) rotary - with the movement of cars along a curved trajectory (an outdated type, now rarely used).
Note
In accordance with the letter of the Moscow City Administration of Gosgortechnadzor No. 1316 dated 07.17.98, the high-rise mechanized parking lot is not subject to registration with the Gosgortechnadzor authorities of Russia and the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Elevators (PUBEL) do not apply to this facility.
A well-executed mechanized parking project allows for optimal use of the area land plots and premises, significantly increase the number of storage spaces for cars.
Based on the professionalism of its employees and their many years of design experience, Neopark LLC offers its customers individual, well-thought-out technical solutions that meet the requirements of all necessary normative documents.
The staff members of Neopark LLC have experience in developing technical conditions for the creation of products, working documentation (construction drawings, electrical diagrams, software for a programmable logic controller of a control system, etc.), manufacturing and testing of prototypes, organizing serial production of various types of automated parking systems.
During its work, our company has achieved the following successes:
- Dozens of completed projects, including 10 (ten) facilities built on the territory of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries.
- Our products are included in the "Register of innovative technologies and technical solutions used in construction at the objects of the city order of the city of Moscow".
- On behalf of the Department of Urban Planning Policy and the State Unitary Enterprise “Directorate for the Construction and Operation of Garage Objects” in Moscow, we have developed design solutions using mechanized parking lots for Moscow objects. On these decisions, positive conclusions were received from the Department of Urban Development Policy and the State Unitary Enterprise “Directorate for the construction and operation of garage facilities”.
- LLC "Neopark" is a member of the Union of Construction Industry Enterprises of the Sverdlovsk Region NP "Ural Construction Cluster".
In conclusion, we present a complete list of regulatory documents used in the design of parking lots in Russia:
1. SNiP 10-01-94 “System of regulatory documents in construction. Basic Provisions ".
2. SNiP 2.07.01-89 * "Planning and development of urban and rural settlements."
3. MGSN 1.01-97 part 1 "Temporary norms and rules for planning and development of Moscow".
4. MGSN 1.01-94 "Temporary norms and rules for the design of planning and development of Moscow" (Corrections and additions VSN 2-85).
5. SNiP 2.09.02-85 "Industrial buildings".
6. VSN 01-89 (Minavtotrans of the RSFSR) “Departmental building codes. Car service enterprises ".
7. MGSN 5.01-94 * "Parking lots of cars".
8. Manual to MGSN 5.01.94 * "Parking lots of cars" Issue 1.
9. ONTP 01-91 (Rosavtotrans) "Industry norms of technological design of road transport enterprises".
10. MGSN 4.04-94 " Multifunctional buildings and complexes ".
11. SNiP 2.01.02-85 * "Fire safety standards".
12. SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures."
13. GOST 12.1.004 “Fire safety. General requirements".
14. SNiP 2.04.09-84 "Fire automation of buildings and structures."
15. NPB-110-96 "List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing and detection installations."
16. NPB 105-95 "Determination of categories of premises and buildings for explosion and fire hazard".
17. ONTP 24-86 (Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR) "Determination of categories of premises and buildings for explosion and fire hazard".
18. SNiP 2.04.05-91 * "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".
19. Allowance 15-91 to SNiP 2.04.05-91 * "Smoke protection in case of fire and ventilation of underground parking lots of cars"
20. NPB 239-97 "Valves, fire-prevention ventilation systems of buildings and structures. Fire resistance test methods ".
21. NPB 240-97 “Air ducts. Fire resistance test method ".
22. SNiP 2.04.01-85 * "Water supply and sewerage of buildings."
24. SNiP 2.04.02-85 “Water supply. External networks and facilities ".
25. SNiP 2.04.03-85 * “Sewerage. External networks and facilities ".
26. SNiP 3.05.07-85 "Automation systems".
27. SNiP 11-12-77 "Protection against noise".
28. GOST 17.2.03.02-78 “Nature protection. Atmosphere".
29. GOST 2874-82 "Drinking water".
Still have questions? Neopark LLC specialists are ready to provide professional advice on the design and construction of parking lots. Our phone number is 8 800 333 05 84.
Today, the situation with the provision of storage and parking spaces for vehicles in Moscow is an acute problem. transport infrastructure... The need to provide the city with places for storing cars will increase according to the level of motorization.
There are not enough open guarded parking lots in the city. In addition, some car parks and parking lots operate illegally. The existing network of garages in the city - parking lots (multi-level, underground, built-in and attached garages) and temporary garages - also does not allow using the occupied space with the proper efficiency for the purpose of storing cars Vehicle.
Thus, “now there is an urgent need to take measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of using the areas occupied by existing parking lots, parking lots and garages and strengthening control over the process of creating and operating parking lots, parking lots and garages. The expected positive result of such measures should be a solution to the problem of storage and parking of vehicles with maximum savings in the city's territory and the creation of a basis for attracting investment resources in the development of urban infrastructure. "
Parking lots are a necessary element of the city's transport infrastructure. Their number, convenience of location, level of comfort directly affect the economic efficiency of shopping establishments, reduce or increase the level of service for transport and pedestrian flows, and the burden on the environment.
The only mechanism for limiting the use of light motor vehicles in the existing legal field is the management of parking space by prohibiting parking on the road network and limiting its modes, as well as ensuring compliance with prohibitions and restrictions. In addition, the prohibition and restriction of parking modes on the road network provide an increase in the capacity of the elements of the road network: spans, and most importantly, approaches to intersections. This will reduce traffic delays when driving on the tracks and when driving through intersections.
As a prerequisite for the implementation of measures to limit parking regimes on the road network, the development of a system of off-street parking for motor vehicles in areas of high demand for parking, as well as a system of intercepting parking, should be considered.
The development and regulation of the parking system provides for the implementation of the following groups of measures:
the creation of a system of off-street parking, which provides for the construction of multi-storey car parks and the construction of rotary-type parking lots in residential areas;
creation of a system of intercepting parking lots, which provides for the construction of corresponding parking lots. The placement of intercepting parking lots should be provided at transport hubs, terminals of high-speed passenger transport and corridors to ensure priority conditions for the movement of ground passenger transport, realizing communications on the periphery-center directions;
restricting parking on those sections of the road network where they create interference. It should provide for a ban or restriction of parking or stopping on sections of the road network, the organization of control over the observance of prohibitions and restrictions;
streamlining parking on the road network in places where it does not interfere with traffic by optimizing transport placement schemes, applying measures to increase parking space;
creation of a system of off-street parking areas for freight transport, which provides for the construction of off-street parking lots for freight transport;
regulatory support of the parking system, the main directions of which are the regulation of paid parking, issues of control over the observance of parking regulations and administrative responsibility for their violation;
the formation and development of economic mechanisms to support the development of a system of temporary and permanent storage of vehicles, including with the use of public-private partnership schemes - constantly.
The development and regulation of the parking system should ensure:
reducing the presence of individual and freight road transport on the city's road network;
the movement of ground passenger transport along dedicated lanes in the main long corridors of its passage;
absence of obstacles to traffic flows from parked vehicles at the approaches to all intersections;
reduction of obstacles to the movement of traffic flows from parked vehicles on the tracks of the core network;
realization of demand for places of temporary storage of vehicles in the system of off-street and intercept parking lots.
For non-state investors in the parking system, preferential conditions for their construction and operation should be provided, taking into account the long payback periods of investments in the parking business, including direct reimbursement of part of the operating costs from the city budget.
Improvement of the regulatory legal framework is of paramount importance in the composition of measures aimed at improving the transport situation in Moscow. To solve the problem of regulatory support in the field, first of all, it is necessary to form the city's road network in conjunction with the urban planning policy. In this regard, it is necessary to form a regulatory framework (amendments to Urban Development Code RF), which determines, in particular, the number of parking spaces for vehicles depending on the volume of housing.
Formation of a regulatory legal framework governing parking activities, including:
amendments to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, in terms of toughening penalties for violation of traffic rules, in particular for non-compliance with the requirements prescribed by road signs or road markings and violation of the rules for stopping and parking vehicles;
entering into tax code RF changes concerning the possibility of levying a fee for parking vehicles, namely, referring to regional or local fees the fee for parking vehicles;
adoption of a normative legal act establishing that residential and public buildings can be accepted into operation only if they are connected to the road network and parking space;
the adoption at the Moscow level of a normative legal act establishing the procedure for organizing, operating, collecting fees and other issues related to streamlining the activities of paid parking in Moscow.
The assessment of the results of activities is carried out on the basis of the selected target indicators, which include:
the total number of parking spaces in organized parking lots. The lack of parking is one of the main factors affecting traffic conditions, especially in the city center. The presence of parking on a significant number of highways, due to the concentration in the center of places of employment, trade objects and the attraction of business movements, leads to difficulties in the passage of vehicles, an increase in the time spent on movement, and also affects the ecological safety of the urban environment. The organization of temporary and permanent storage of vehicles can be an effective lever for managing the demand for movement;
volumes of specific emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere of Moscow from vehicles. The withdrawal of transit transport outside the densely built-up area of the city, improvement of the organization of road traffic will improve the safety of life of the population and reduce the negative impact on the environment, which will lead to an improvement in the health of the population;
the average time spent on moving with the use of ground passenger transport and cars. The loss of time for vehicles en route is caused by a decrease in travel speeds due to unsatisfactory road conditions - congestion, forced re-runs. In the case of eliminating obstacles to traffic and increasing the average speed of movement, residents will be able to use the saved time more productively in other areas of activity.
Measures to stimulate the use of parking lots should be aimed at:
stimulating the use of intercept parking lots and ensuring the redistribution of trips in favor of public transport;
stimulating the use of off-street parking and reducing the number of factors hindering traffic on the road network.
The system of organizational and economic measures governing the creation and use of paid parking should include:
development of regulatory documents;
conducting public opinion polls to determine the number of potential users and acceptable tariffs;
formation of a system of tariffs for the use of paid parking;
ensuring control over parking rules.
Measures to stimulate the use of paid parking are presented should include:
an increase in the size of the fine for violation of parking and stopping rules, as well as the operational work of the evacuation service;
differentiation of tariffs for the use of parking on a territorial basis. Division of the city's territory into several parking zones with differentiated tariffs (center - maximum tariff, periphery - minimum);
differentiation according to the time principle - depending on the time of day (formation of a tariff policy that stimulates long-term parking (during the working day) outside the city center and in the adjacent territories);
additional organizational incentive measures - the organization of control of payments and penalties for violations of parking rules.
Determination of the tariff for the use of parking lots is based on the following principles:
the determination of the amount of payment should be carried out using the results of sociological research, which allow choosing tariffs that are acceptable for the majority of potential users;
the tariff should take into account the type, location and duration of parking;
the tariff in the city center should ensure the optimal congestion of parking lots.
The main purpose of the introduction of paid parking lots is to stimulate the use of urban passenger transport and reduce the one-time number of users of the Moscow road network. These goals can be achieved by introducing higher parking rates on the city's road network and more affordable rates for off-street parking lots in the center and intercept parking lots.
Thus, the following system of tariffs for the use of paid parking lots and parking lots is initially possible:
on off-street parking lots in the city center - 40 rubles in the first hour, 30 rubles every next hour. Long-term parking (more than 6 hours) - 200 rubles during the working day;
on street parking in the city center - 50 rubles per hour during the working day, and free at night;
on off-street parking lots in the peripheral part of the center - 20 rubles per hour, or 100 rubles during the working day;
at intercepting parking lots at the entrances to the center - from 40 to 80 rubles during the working day;
at parking lots in peripheral areas - from 60 to 100 rubles per day, depending on the average tariffs in the area.
N 360-PP amended this resolution
Resolution of the Moscow Government dated August 26, 2008 N 769-PP, this resolution was amended
By Decree of the Moscow Government dated January 15, 2008 N 27-PP, this Decree was amended
About the development of the target program of the city of Moscow "Creation of a system of a unified urban parking space" for the period 2012-2014.
(as amended on January 15, August 26, 2008, April 28, 2009, August 24, 2010)
Pursuant to clause 1.3 of the Decree of the Moscow Government dated November 1, 2005 N 854-PP "On the creation, arrangement, maintenance and use of urban paid parking lots in the city of Moscow" and in order to consolidate the actions of city authorities, services and organizations aimed at creating a system of unified city parking space, introduction of non-cash forms of payment, improvement of the regulatory framework, introduction of modern management methods The Moscow Government decides:
1. Accept the proposal of the Department of Transport and Communications of the city of Moscow on the development of a draft target program for the city of Moscow "Creation of a system of a single city parking space" for the period 2012-2014. (hereinafter referred to as the Program).
3. Entrust to Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement of the City of Moscow functions of the state customer for the development of the Program.
4. The Department of the City of Moscow for Competition Policy, upon the submission of the tender documentation by the state customer, to hold, in accordance with the established procedure, a competition to determine the contractor to complete the task "Development of the target program of the City of Moscow" Creation of a system of unified urban parking space "for the period 2012-2014.
5. Department of housing and communal services and improvement of the city of Moscow:
5.1. To attract in the prescribed manner a specialized organization to carry out the functions of organizing and holding the competition.
5.2. To conduct a tender in the prescribed manner, within a month, prepare and submit to the Moscow City Department for Competition Policy the tender documentation developed on the basis of the concept (), and the corresponding application.
5.3. Develop the Program and submit it to the Moscow Government in the second quarter of 2011 in accordance with the established procedure.
6. Department economic policy and the development of the city of Moscow at the suggestion of the Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement of the City of Moscow to envisage in 2010-2011. limits capital investments in total up to 20 million rubles. to carry out the work specified in clause 5 of this resolution, at the expense and within the funds provided for the State Customer in the Targeted Investment Program for the corresponding year.
7. To consider as invalid the resolution of the Government of Moscow of August 29, 2000 N 698 "On the Concept of organizational and legal regulation of the system of temporary accommodation of vehicles on the territory of the city of Moscow."
8. Control over the implementation of this resolution shall be entrusted to the First Deputy Mayor of Moscow in the Moscow Government, PP Biryukov. and First Deputy Mayor of Moscow in the Moscow Government Roslyak Yu.V.
Mayor of Moscow Yu.M. Luzhkov
6. Office for Relations with Legislative and Executive Bodies of the Moscow Government 7. State Unitary Enterprise "Research and Development Institute of the General Plan of Moscow" and other enterprises and organizations. 7. Forms and methods of managing the implementation of the ProgramTo manage the implementation of the Program, the Government of Moscow may create a Working Group (or Directorate) under the state customer of the Program - Department of housing and communal services and improvement of the city of Moscow. The functions of technical support and control of the Program may be entrusted to the GU TsODD. Financial control functions are carried out by the state customer in accordance with the established procedure. The coordination of the actions of the bodies of urban complexes participating in the implementation of the Program is carried out by the Working Group (Directorate). Resolution of the Moscow Government dated April 28, 2009 N 360-PP, section 8 of this appendix set out in a new edition By Decree of the Moscow Government dated January 15, 2008 N 27-PP, section 8 of this annex is set out in a new edition |
The company "PARKTAYM.PRO" LLC has been professionally designing parking lots since 1997, realizing tasks of any degree of complexity without deviating from the requirements of the current regulatory documents. Our projects use our equipment, which effectively copes with several functions at once:
- Access control of serviced vehicles to the parking area;
- Acceptance of payments for the services provided;
- Performing service functions and ensuring the safety of customers.
These are modern integrated solutions that include planning work for the installation of equipment (automated parking systems - APS) and the development project documentation... This also includes consulting activities for the customer and future personnel of the facility.
Experienced specialists are involved in the technological part of the project. This means drawing up schemes for organizing the movement of cars and pedestrians within the parking lot, the location of parking spaces and technical means of traffic control, as well as parking navigation. As part of the technological part of the design of underground parking and parking, explanatory note, in which the traffic of entry / exit of vehicles is analyzed taking into account the use of an automated parking system.
The specialists of the design department provide detailed advice on all issues related to the organization of parking:
- Requirements for the parking staff;
- APS operating instructions;
- Parking equipment layout plan.
The design of parking lots and parking areas includes the preparation of working documentation, which relates to the organization of traffic at the facility - during construction and for the subsequent period of operation.
Order a cost calculation
Design of parking lots and parking SNiP
Organization of paid parking
With the increase in the number of cars in every city, the problem of organizing parking is becoming more and more urgent every day. This issue is even more acute for shopping and entertainment complexes, restaurants, hotels, airports, supermarkets and nightclubs, where the competent organization of parking lots is directly related to their life support and / or profitability.
As long as the number of cars did not exceed a certain threshold, they could be parked at the side of the road and in other places near the desired object. But, firstly, it was not always possible to do this, observing the rules of the road. And secondly, leaving a car unattended is always associated with the risk of theft, burglary or damage to property.
The organization of paid parking lots near infrastructure facilities will help to solve this problem in a civilized manner in the city. They can be indoor and outdoor, above ground, underground and multi-level.
The advantages of organized parking:
- Raises the status of the object, attracts visitors to the object, helping to increase sales;
- allows you to extract additional profit;
- Increases the organization of car parking and significantly increases the parking capacity compared to open spontaneous parking;
- increases the safety of car storage.
All projects of PARKTAYM.PRO LLC are developed according to Enterprise standards that take into account the individual characteristics of each specific object.
Scroll Enterprise standards:
- "Road signs for parking lots";
- "Automated parking system for the street road network";
- "Organization of traffic in off-street open parking lots."
At the same time, all parking and parking design standards are observed:
- SNiP 21-02-99 - "Parking lots";
- SNiP 21-01-97 - "Fire safety of buildings and structures";
- GOST R 52290-2004 - "Road signs";
- MGSN 5.01-01 - "Parking lots of cars";
- GOST R 51256-99 - Road markings;
- GOST 21.101-97 SPDS - "Basic requirements for documentation."
The design of car parks takes into account the interests of both parties to the maximum extent - customers (parking lot owners) and car enthusiasts who use this service. We offer smart solutions for modern parking, the effectiveness of which has been proven in practice. When designing parking lots, the specifics of the parking lot, the features of the building area and many other individual factors are taken into account as much as possible. PARKTAYM.PRO LLC has accumulated unique experience, which allows us to develop projects of different levels of complexity.
The result of the work on the design of the parking (parking) is the release of:
- Technological project;
- SPP working documentation;
- Creation of an information transport model of the vehicle.
Technological project- includes all aspects of parking design, namely, car placement schemes, horizontal markings, technical means of organizing traffic (traffic police signs), wheel barriers, placement of spherical mirrors, artificial road irregularities, etc. Sometimes the existing scheme of the organization of traffic in the parking lot is not the best solution, the consequence of this is the formation of congestion at the entry and exit points. The technological design allows you to prevent the occurrence of these undesirable moments.
As a result, you get a complete picture of the functioning of the parking, you can see the recommended amount of required equipment and estimate the amount of work on the parking arrangement.
Working documentation SPP "PARKTAYM.PRO" is the basis for the implementation of a paid parking system. This documentation makes it possible to prevent the occurrence of major potential errors that can be made during construction and installation work. When developing working documentation for SPP PARKTAYM.PRO, technical consultation is carried out by specialists who have developed and constantly modernize the SPP PARKTAYM.PRO system, this is the most important advantage, since the RD is fully adapted to a particular object, taking into account the wishes of the customer.
Creation of a transport information model the territory adjacent to the parking is one of the most complex transport network projects. In this case, technology is understood as an integral system of methods for the development, verification, analysis and application of transport models of the city.
The aim of the work is to create an adequate transport model that reflects the future real transport situation, methods for its verification, as well as ways to use the developed model in design transport networks within the framework of promising construction.
The most important aspect of modeling a transport network is the determination of the composition, collection, systematization and preprocessing of the initial data, depending on the chosen modeling method. Therefore, one of the components of the technology is the methodology for working with the initial data.
In general, the model makes it possible to assess the functionality of a project long before it is embodied in stone - to look at and evaluate a particular transport object.
Design of parking lots and parking lots from LLC "PARKTAIM.PRO" will make your business successful!
Organization of parking by the company "PARKTAYM.PRO"
To perform its functions and meet the tasks assigned to it, parking must be convenient, with the required number of parking spaces and their clear markings, convenient access roads, and a well-thought-out system of entrances and exits. And for this, it is necessary to carefully develop a parking project individually for each object.
A well-thought-out organization of a parking lot largely depends on the implementation of a solution that is selected specifically for the object. After all, what is ideal for, say, a hotel is not suitable for an airport, and vice versa. It all depends on the type of object, its size, capacity, purpose of use and many other factors.
When installing automation systems for the parking process, they are equipped with barriers, payment terminals (automatic cash registers), entry and exit racks, traffic lights. A video surveillance system, license plate recognition, information and navigation boards, altimeters, programmable logic controllers and many other useful systems are often used.
Dissertation introduction (part of the abstract) on the topic "Organization of parking space in the general traffic system in cities"
Relevance of the topic. Analysis of the current state of urban transport infrastructure, traffic management systems, scientific research in the field of traffic management shows the high relevance of the scientific direction associated with the development and management of parking systems. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the disproportion between the rate of development of motorization and the rate of development of the road network, however, the lack of parking space in cities puts forward the task of an integrated solution to parking management to one of the central places in the transport problems of cities. In the cities of Russia, the provision with places for storing cars at the place of residence of the population is on average 35-40%, and the provision with places for parking cars near objects of gravity does not exceed, on average, 25% of the required number. The situation is complicated by uncontrolled parking of vehicles, in connection with which the carriageway of most streets in the central part of cities is used for traffic only by 30-50%, and this, in turn, leads to a corresponding decrease in the capacity of the road network.
Despite the increased activity in the creation of parking space, many theoretical and applied problems of construction, operation and evaluation of the effectiveness of parking management have not been solved at the system level. From the standpoint of a systems approach, it is required to consider the problem of parking management in connection with the organization of road traffic and road transport, taking into account the restrictions in the framework of transport planning. Like most traffic management tasks, parking management requires a systematic approach to find a balance between conflicting goals of road users. It is necessary to coordinate measures for the development of parking space with the tasks of managing transport demand, restricting access to congested city centers, and developing the public transport system. The rational organization of parking is one of the key factors in behavioral change when choosing a way to travel in urban areas.
Therefore, it is relevant to develop system concepts based on traffic modeling, determining boundary conditions for changing the type of movement, determining the demand for parking, differentiating the functioning of parking depending on the predicted duration of parking.
The aim of the thesis is to improve the efficiency of the functioning of car parks.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to identify the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of projects for the organization and management of car parks in common system traffic organization; to conduct experimental studies of the organization of traffic and the parameters of car parking on the road network of Rostov-on-Don; develop a set of different software functional purpose models of functioning of car parks: models of the influence of street parking on traffic conditions, supply-demand models for planning the demand for parking, simulation models of parking processes; on the basis of the developed models and real information to assess the options for the functioning of car parks.
The object of research in the dissertation work is car parking.
The subject of the dissertation research is the processes of functioning of car parks in large cities.
Theoretical and methodological basis of research.
The dissertation research is based on the results of domestic and foreign theoretical and applied research in the field of traffic management, transport planning, mathematical modeling of the parking functioning processes.
The scientific novelty of the work consists in the following: substantiated the main directions of development of control systems for car parking in cities and system requirements for the forms of their integration in the complex of measures for organizing traffic and transportation; the application of models for predicting transport demand in planning the development of parking lots, assessing the functioning of parking lots in transport corridors, taking into account the totality of technical and economic factors; methodological recommendations and models were formed to determine the need for street parking and the placement of parking in the "park and drive" system, taking into account the state of the traffic flow on the corresponding sections of the road network; on the basis of factor analysis, dependencies were obtained that allow, on the basis of a set of variables such as parking capacity, actual parking load, average parking time, availability of bus routes in the parking area, to carry out a comprehensive analysis of various situations; simulation models of the functioning of car parks have been developed for various types of probability distributions of the arrival of cars at the parking lot and the time spent on it.
The practical value of the work.
The practical significance of the conclusions, recommendations and results of the dissertation research are: methodological principles for the development of parking space in cities; scientifically grounded recommendations on the integration of car parks into the system of traffic management and transportation on the road network of cities; a complex of mathematical models for predicting the options for the functioning of car parks in large cities.
The results of the dissertation work are used in the Department of Highways and Traffic Management of the Administration of Rostov-on-Don in the development and implementation of a comprehensive traffic management scheme in Rostov-on-Don.
The scientific and methodological provisions of the dissertation are used in the educational process in the preparation of specialists in the organization of road traffic at the Rostov State University of Civil Engineering.
Approbation of research results.
The main scientific provisions and results of the dissertation research were reported, discussed and approved at the International Scientific and Practical Conferences "Construction", Rostov-on-Don,
2008-20 South, International scientific-practical conference "Actual issues of innovative development of the transport complex", Oryol, 2011, international Russian-German seminar on modern methods traffic organization, Rostov-on-Don, 2008
Publications.
Based on the results of the dissertation research, 9 printed works of 2.5 printed pages were published, of which 4 were in publications included in the approved list of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation.
Structure and scope of work.
The dissertation work consists of an introduction, four chapters, main conclusions and results, a list of references. The total volume of the thesis is 169 pages of typewritten text, including figures and tables. The bibliography contains 107 references,
Similar dissertations in the specialty "Operation of motor transport", 05.22.10 code VAK
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Conclusion of the thesis on the topic "Operation of road transport", Naumenko, Evgeny Yurievich
Conclusions per chapter:
1. Considered factorial and regression models for assessing the demand for parking. Regression dependencies are built to determine the required capacity of parking lots for different numbers of passengers making a transfer. The most significant independent factors are highlighted, for which the matrix of factorial loads is constructed and interpreted. The calculation of factors is performed by the values of variables.
2. On the basis of factor analysis, dependencies have been developed that allow for a comprehensive analysis of various situations in terms of a set of various variables.
3. Various options for the capacity and occupancy of parking lots are considered on the basis of models used in predicting parking processes using various types of probability distributions. An algorithm for modeling the distribution with a given density function has been developed.
4. Simulation modeling of parking processes was carried out for any scenarios of parking in the area of the transfer point. The analysis of the simulation results was carried out, on the basis of which the estimated parking capacity was calculated, and the deficit of parking spaces was determined.
CONCLUSION
1. Considered the main aspects of creating parking space management systems at the macro and micro levels. The main regularities of the development of parking management systems in cities, system requirements for the forms of their integration in the complex of measures for the organization of traffic are revealed. An algorithm for assessing the quality of functioning of the parking space control system is proposed.
2. The dependences of the number of cars plying in search of parking on the traffic load for different variants of the state of employment of the road network and parking lots have been determined. A technique for finding equilibrium states is considered, taking into account the optimal parking regime and payment for parking in conditions of full and incomplete loading of parking lots and various conditions of transport demand. Dependencies have been determined that make it possible to estimate the travel time and travel costs under various flow states.
3. The analysis of methods for determining the optimal location of parking lots when using the "Ragk & Schee" system. A method is proposed for determining the expediency of placing a parking lot by the criterion of minimizing travel and parking costs for the entire population of users. An algorithm has been developed for modeling the choice of a transfer point from an individual transport to a public one and using a parking lot, depending on the distance of the travel start point relative to the central business district for various types of travel.
4. As a result of experimental studies, the characteristics of traffic flows and parameters of parking processes were obtained both for the development and verification of the reliability of the developed models, and for the development of practical recommendations for improving the parking space on the road network of Rostov-on-Don.
5. Factorial and regression models for assessing the demand for parking lots have been developed. The most significant independent factors of the parking load and the attractiveness of the parking were identified.The calculation of factors by the values of the variables was performed, on the basis of which the classification of various scenarios of the functioning of parking lots was obtained, taking into account the parking capacity, its actual load, the average parking time of the car, the presence of bus routes in the parking zone.
6. A simulation model has been developed for predicting parking processes using various types of probability distributions with a given density function. The features of the probabilistic distributions of the parking time are revealed when the parking duration is changed. The proposed models can be used to calculate the capacity of various types of parking lots.
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