What is a bank card. Bank cards: types of bank cards, design, purpose, features and functionality
If you are over 14 years old, and you have already received a passport, then you can apply for a plastic payment card at Sberbank. Sberbank offers the Molodezhnaya card especially for young people between the ages of 14 and 21. It has a number of features. First of all, the low cost of annual maintenance and individual design.
Features of the Sberbank salary card
For listing wages debit cards are used on the card. The most popular types of salary cards of Sberbank are considered entry-level cards: "Sberbank-Maestro" and "Visa Electron". If you have a debit card and need to receive a salary on the card, contact your company's accounting department.
A bank card for pensioners is issued free of charge. If you need to get a card Sberbank Visa Electron, you will have to pay 300 rubles for opening a card and the same amount of subsequent annual service. Salary cards Sberbank are issued to employees free of charge.
Not many Sberbank cardholders know that you can get an additional card to any card. The cost of the annual maintenance of the additional card is significantly lower than the basic card. For example, additional social card Sberbank - Maestro "Social" provides for a payment of 150 rubles per year.
The Sberbank Maestro "Momentum" card is issued free of charge and it fully justifies its name "Momentum", since you can get it literally 15 minutes after the contract is signed. This is an entry-level bank card, payment system Maestro and it is intended to pay for services and goods on the territory of Russia.
Bank cards are most often used to make various payments through an ATM. Using a card at an ATM, you can top up your phone balance, pay for utility bills, pay a traffic police fine, transfer money to another card, etc.
Each card at the end of its validity period must be returned to the bank and received in return new card... In banking language, this is called card reissue. Card reissue can be paid and free.
Sberbank issues a variety of cards, taking into account any needs of its customers. There are cards with which you can save on purchases of railway and air tickets, receive various bonuses and discounts when purchasing goods, save on gas stations.
The PIN code is used to perform card transactions through an ATM or other device, for example, when paying for goods in a "real" store or receiving cash from an ATM. In order to pay for a purchase in the online store, instead of a pin code, you will need to specify the card details and a unique "password" - the CVV2 code.
The bank card number is located on the front of the card and usually consists of 16 digits. It is considered a payment requisite, just like a pin code, and therefore try not to disclose it to unauthorized persons. After replacing the card, its number will change, but the card account number remains the same.
Sberbank offers a range of bank cards, including free of charge for annual maintenance. For people receiving various kinds of social benefits and benefits, the bank has special card Maestro "Social".
The Visa payment system is not much different from MasterCard. Cards of both systems have almost all the capabilities of modern bank cards. But since the Visa payment system first appeared in the United States, the dollar is used for its calculations.
The bank card "Visa electron" is one of the most popular cards of Sberbank, since it has a relatively low annual cost of servicing and rather large opportunities. This card can be used to receive salaries, scholarships, various social payments.
Plastic payment card"Kukuruza" has a number of differences from other cards of the bank. You can get it in any Euroset salon quickly and completely free of charge.
To perform various operations through an ATM and bank terminals, you need to indicate the pin code of the card. Four digits (sometimes more) must be typed exactly and no more than three times in a row. Try to remember them well, because after three wrong attempts your card will be blocked.
Loans do not have to be received in cash at the bank's cash desk. It is much more convenient to issue and receive a Sberbank credit card instead of cash. Having a credit card makes it much more convenient for you to pay your monthly installments.
The world of bank cards can be roughly divided into two main types: credit cards and debit cards. Credit cards are issued by the bank when applying for a loan. You use debit cards to receive salaries, pensions, scholarships, various social benefits, etc.
If you no longer need the card, it must be closed at the bank in accordance with the rules specified in the agreement. An open, active card can cause a debt to the bank.
Each card has a number on the face. However, this is the card number, but not the account from which various monetary transactions... If the card is lost or replaced again, the card number will change, but the bank account number will remain the same.
If you forget this code, you will not be able to use the card. You will have to issue a new card and receive a different PIN-code for the card. Before using a bank card, you need to activate it with any in a convenient way... For example, you can request the balance of a card account through an ATM.
Banks are working hard to find solutions for the safe use of cards. A virtual bank card is one such solution. Together with the main card, you draw up an additional, virtual card. Just like the main card, virtual card has its own details and works "in tandem" with a real card.
Everyone knows that bank cards replace cash. This is the main advantage of the modern financial world. Using the card, you can easily book a hotel room abroad, buy an air ticket without leaving your office, and much more.
You can check the balance of the Sberbank card in different ways, including finding out the balance of money on the card account using SMS via phone.
If a bank card is lost or stolen, it is urgent to block it. How to block a Sberbank card through the phone.
Bank cards can be used to pay for any goods and services, as well as to withdraw cash. The owner is the bank that issued the card, and the holder is the client of the bank.
Place of application
Depending on the place of application, the cards can be local, international and virtual.
Local cards are intended for performing transactions in the system of the bank that issued the card. You can withdraw money or pay for a service / goods with such a card only at ATMs and terminals of this bank. Also, using such a card, you cannot carry out transactions on the Internet, with the exception of operations on the website of the issuing bank, if it provides such an opportunity. Nowadays, such cards are quite rare.
- International
International bank cards are cards of international banking systems... The most popular are Visa and MasterCard systems. The cards of these systems are of several types and differ in their functionality. You can withdraw cash from such cards at ATMs and terminals around the world (with a commission). You can also pay for their purchases via the Internet. International bank cards are used in international payment systems. The most popular are Visa (Visa Electron, Visa Classic, Visa Gold, Visa Platinum), MasterCard (Cirrus, Maestro, MasterCard Standard, MasterCard Gold, MasterCard Platinum), American Express, JCB and China Unionpay.
- Virtual
These are cards designed for online transactions. They do not have a magnetic stripe or a chip and cannot be used in ATMs and terminals. The owner will not be able to receive cash at the bank's cash desk, except in the case of closing the card if there is a positive balance on it.
Type of funds
By the type of funds deposited on the card, they are debit and credit, prepaid and with an authorized overdraft.
- Debit
The owner of such a card is limited only by the money that is on it. And this money should be his own. For such cards, the bank can set the level of the minimum balance: a certain amount, upon reaching which the client cannot perform operations until the account balance is replenished.
Debit cards come with an overdraft: they allow you to make transactions exceeding the limit own funds, that is, go into the minus. The amount of the overdraft is fixed and is stipulated in the agreement. Such cards are often linked to accounts. salary projects... The loan is repaid automatically when the salary is transferred. Loan commission begins to accrue from the moment you exceed your own funds limit until the required amount is credited to the account.
- Credit
Credit cards have a certain amount of funds provided by the bank to the client. First of all, these cards differ from ordinary credit products in that they almost always provide for Grace period(from 30 to 100 days), for the period of which no interest is accrued on paid purchases. Secondly, the percentage of credit cards(which is charged after the grace period has expired) is several points higher than for a regular loan.
The amount of money lent on a credit card is individual for each client. The cardholder can use the funds as needed, while interest will only be charged on the amount that was actually used. A feature of this card is that it does not assume the presence of a positive balance. For periods when credit funds are not used and there is no debt on the account, no commission is charged (except for payment additional services, for example, mobile bank). Note that a commission may apply when withdrawing cash from an ATM.
Category
Bank cards have categories, they depend on financial investments client at the bank. If a client makes many transactions with large amounts or has a lot of money in his account, he can be offered (or he himself can issue such a card if desired) the Gold, Platinum, VIP and others statuses. In most cases, all clients receive the Classic status upon opening an account. The higher the category of the card, the more opportunities it has and the more privileges it provides to the holder (discounts, priority of service, concierge services, etc.). But at the same time, the cost of service increases in proportion to the category of the card.
Appointment
Depending on the purpose, the cards can be salary, corporate, prepaid, pre-issued and gift cards.
Salary cards are issued to company employees as part of salary projects.
Corporate cards are issued for the purpose of making prompt purchases and paying for services by the company's employees in its interests (for example, paying for restaurants, gas stations, car washes, etc.). Cash the card account is owned by the company, and employees using it must provide reports confirming the intended use of funds.
A prepaid bank card is a card that carries a certain amount, and settlements are made on behalf of the issuing bank. Such cards, as a rule, have a short validity period, do not provide an opportunity to cash out funds and replenish an account.
A pre-issued bank card is a card that is issued even before the application for receipt is written and is attached to the account that is opened for a specific client. Such a card does not initially contain information about its owner, it does not indicate the full name. The card makes it possible to perform the same operations as a regular debit card, including using an online bank, and receiving interest on the balance of funds. Payment with such cards does not require the presentation of documents.
Gift Cards are non-refillable and do not provide a cash option. The funds available on it can only be used to pay for the purchase.
Bank plastic cards have long been a part of the life of every modern person. There are a number of reasons for this. Someone receives a salary, others receive a scholarship or material assistance on bank cards.
The types of bank cards, the conditions for their opening, use, methods of closing, as well as the history of this financial product, you can find out by reading this article. The most popular ones will also be listed. international systems, engaged in the issue and support of plastic cards.
Origin and further development history
Let's consider plastic cards, starting from the moment when the first bank cards began to appear.
Before the trade boom in America in the fifties of the last century, as elsewhere in the world, money was used in two forms: cash and non-cash.
If everything is clear with the first form, then we will focus on the second.
Non-cash money then represented checks and checkbooks. The modern user of a plastic card understands all the negative aspects of using a checkbook:
Possibility of counterfeiting;
Long registration of each operation;
You should always carry a paper check with you, which can be easily ruined.
During that very American trade boom, when the number of trade transactions multiplied several times, the need to have a tool that would be more reliable than checks became very aggravated.
The choice should depend on the needs
Knowing all the listed features of the cards, you can easily choose the one that suits you. The most important thing is to correctly identify your needs. For example, why do you need a "credit card" if you are a wealthy person, as well as a "Kukuruza" card if you do not use the services of Euroset or its partners?
Also note: the higher the class of the card, the more expensive it will cost you to service it. If you are a student then gold card you obviously don't need it. And with frequent trips abroad and a fairly large turnover of personal funds, you cannot do without a platinum bank card, given all the services that will be available to you.
Disassembling plastic cards is not as easy as it seems. A personal payment instrument allows you to make purchases and pay for services, as well as cash out at ATMs and bank branches, some types of cards provide discounts, bonuses, etc.
There are many types of plastic cards, so it is important to know which card you need. The issue of using plastic cards is more relevant today than ever.
Many people who have not yet encountered such services are interested in what it is and what they eat it with. So, a plastic card is a personal payment instrument. Using this tool, you can make purchases and pay for services without having cash on hand, as well as cash out at ATMs and bank branches.
That is, a plastic card is almost fully capable of replacing cash. Its advantage is that you do not need to carry it with you in your wallet large sums risking being robbed. The cardholder receives a detailed report every month, from which a clear financial picture is visible. If the card is stolen, it can be blocked in a matter of minutes, and the money in the account will remain intact. In addition, holders of some types of plastic cards are provided with various discounts, bonuses, etc.
It should be noted right away that not all plastic cards are credit cards (as many believe). Plastic cards can be divided into three main types - credit, payment, and debit. Debit card. Provides the ability to quickly access the funds that are on the account. In this case, you cannot "go into the negative" and spend more than you have. Banks prefer to issue just such cards to customers who do not yet have a credit history.
Credit card. Already from the name it can be concluded that this type of cards is related to a loan. This is to some extent true. The owner of the credit card is provided with a loan. Wherein credit rate, and the size of the loan itself is determined by the bank on an individual basis.
To a large extent it depends on credit history client, and his income. With such a card, you can purchase goods for the bank's money. Naturally, the money will have to be returned. It is best to do this during the grace period when the bank does not charge interest. If you pay later, the bank will calculate the percentage for each day that has passed since the date of purchase. Each bank has its own grace period, as a rule, from 2 weeks to 50 days. Debit card mainly used for everyday expenses - payment utilities, grocery shopping, etc. Now let's look at the cards that are provided by the world famous company Visa.
Visa offers the following products: Visa Electron is one of the most popular cards in Russia. Banks issue it to clients with little or no history. This card is used by consumers, students, youth, citizens with limited incomes. Visa Classic - cards of this type are accepted at all points where the "Visa" logo is present.
This card is intended for customers who already have experience in using plastic cards and for people with an average income. Visa Gold - Used for cash withdrawals as well as for purchases at all points of sale with the "Visa" logo.
Banks usually issue such cards to customers who have an impeccable banking history... When using a Visa Gold card, discounts, bonuses, and lucrative offers are provided according to the international program of special offers. Visa Platinum. This card has even more advantages. It:
- Providing full travel insurance;
- Access to the VIP zone at airports;
- Provision of services of a personal manager;
- Discounts on the purchase of goods, on car rental;
- The ability to manage accounts by phone.
Visa Infinite. This card holds the most honorable place among all the products provided by Visa. It provides its owner with a full range of exclusive services.
Among them - the support of a personal manager (around the clock), the provision of travel insurance for up to $ 1 million, an elite system of discounts and offers around the world. The card can even be unlimited - this is decided by the bank on an individual basis.
Modern payment systems offer their customers various plastic products, in the creation of which they are guided by factors such as the level of income and the social status of potential users. Each social segment of the population has its own categories of plastic banking payment products. And the higher the category of the card, the more options its user has. Today, payment systems, regardless of their type, offer three main categories of plastic cards:
- Electronic cards.
- Classic plastic payment products.
- Premium class bank card.
Types of plastic cards and their features in terms of service level
- Credit and debit bank cards of the so-called entry level. This includes such types of plastic cards as Visa (Electron, Electron Instant Issue), MasterCard (Electronic, Instant Issue), Maestro. These types of plastic cards are characterized by the lowest annual service cost. In most cases, servicing an electronic bank card costs the user 300 rubles. But most banks offer their customers non-personalized free cards Instant Issue, which every client can get at the bank branch almost instantly. Many banks use electronic plastic cards within the framework of special retail lending programs for potential customers, payroll projects, etc. For example, Maestro plastic cards are often used by financial institutions within the framework of social programs(payments of pensions, scholarships, etc.).
- Classic credit and debit banking products. These cards include Visa Classic, American Express Green Card, MasterCard Standard. These plastic banking products were originally intended for use by customers with a stable income. A distinctive characteristic of cards of this type is the optimal ratio of the annual service commission and the service offered by a financial institution and a specific payment system. By the way, American Express cards are serviced on other, more attractive terms for users than other types of plastic cards from other payment systems. If credit cards the classic category were lost by the user, then he can use the service of emergency cash withdrawal that was stored in the card account, or order the issuance of a temporary card for use abroad. Bank cards of this category provide for the user to deposit down payment into the account. Each bank has a different amount of this contribution. In most cases, it is 1.5 thousand rubles.
- Premium category bank cards. These types of cards are classified as Gold or Platinum. In addition to their main function, these types of cards provide their owner with a number of additional opportunities... Everyone has it financial institution countries have different terms of service for premium cards. For example, holders of Visa Gold or MasterCard World Signia can use the information service, or one of the insurance programs that banks offer to their customers. In addition, premium category cards often imply the opportunity to use various privileges, for example, to get a good discount at a certain restaurant or store, while booking a hotel room, etc. Bank cards of the premium category from American Express differ from similar cards of other payment systems in the features of their service and in the presence of a greater number of pleasant ones for the owner. bonus programs and privileges.
Classification of bank cards by type of use
There is another classification of plastic bank cards by type, depending on the possibility of their use:
Virtual bank cards. These types of cards were specially created for the implementation of payment and other financial transactions on the Internet. The card looks like the details of a bank card account, which are entered during the execution of virtual transactions.
International cards. By using these cards, you can conduct financial transactions outside the country. As practice shows, the most practical for international use are cards from the MasterCard payment system, since the conversion of rubles into foreign currency happens automatically. International cards from Visa do not have this function. In addition, these types of cards are not used for virtual financial transactions on the Internet.
Local. These are types of cards that can be used to carry out financial transactions or withdraw cash only from ATMs and terminals of the "native" bank. A good illustrative example of banking plastic products of this type is a microprocessor card from Sberbank.
Credit cards. Their owners can borrow from the bank without visiting the branch, but no more than the established credit limit... The cards of this type have a grace period, during which interest on the loan is not charged and you can return the money without commissions.
Debit (settlement) card. These types of plastic cards are intended for making non-cash financial transactions (including on the Internet), as well as for withdrawing cash from ATMs and terminals of different banks.
For registration of some types of bank plastic cards, it is not required to provide an impressive package of documents. And you can get cards in the period from several minutes to several weeks.