D 58 to 76 wiring means. Accounting for financial investments
Account 58 "Financial investments" is intended for detailed accounting of the company's investments. What is related to financial investments? In what order is the account kept. 58? Let's look at typical examples and postings.
58 accounting account is ...
Regulatory requirements for the formation of data on financial investments in accounting are regulated by PBU 19/02. In accordance with clause 3 of this document, the following are recognized as investments of a legal entity:
- Securities (CB) of state and municipal structures.
- Other securities, including overdue (debt bonds, bills of exchange).
- Loans granted.
- Contributions to authorized capital enterprises, incl. subsidiary or dependent companies, under simple partnership agreements.
- Receivables transferred by assignment.
- Deposits.
- Other types.
Note! Investments in own securities are not considered financial investments; bills of exchange for payments for goods sold; precious metals, art objects, jewelry values; dr.
Thus, 58 count accounting- this is a collection of information on the movement of short-term (for a period of less than 1 year) and long-term (more than 1 year) investments of the enterprise on open sub-accounts, depending on the need.
According to Order No. 94n of October 31, 00, account 58 "Financial investments" may have the following sub-accounts:
- Account 58. 1 - to reflect information on shares and shares.
- Account 58. 2 - to reflect information about debt securities.
- Account 58. 3 - to reflect information about loans provided to other companies.
- Account 58. 4 - to reflect information on deposits under contracts of simple partnership.
Account 58 - Active or Passive?
The placement of investments of the organization is carried out according to the debit of account 58 in correspondence with cash or other accounts - 50,, 51,, 76, 75, 98,. The credit of account 58 reflects the return of loans, the excess of the purchase price of the Central Bank over the nominal value, the redemption and sale of the Central Bank, the return of assets on the deposits of a simple partnership and other operations. Correspondence is posted with accounts - 52, 51, 76, 90, 80, 91, 99. The balance of the active account 58 shows the remaining value financial investments as of the given date.
Important! 58 account in the balance sheet is displayed together with the account. 73 and 55 (in terms of loans to staff and deposits) on lines 1170, 1240, depending on the period of validity minus the balance of the account. 59, where provisions for impairment of investments are made.
Count. 58 "Financial investments" - examples of transactions
To make the correspondence of account 58 more understandable, we will analyze practical examples:
Example 1
"On the transfer of fixed assets / funds as a contribution to the charter under a simple partnership agreement." Let's say the company paid for its share with the equipment. Market price estimated at 400,000 rubles, posting - D 58.4 K 76 for 400,000 rubles. under contract.
Accordingly, the object is written off from the balance sheet. When paying a deposit in cash, the entry is D 58.4 K 50, 51, 52.
Example 2
"By investments in debt securities". Suppose an organization has purchased shares for 100,000 rubles. The accountant will make the following postings:
D 58.1 K 51 per 100,000 rubles. - the purchase of shares is reflected.
D 58.1 K 91.1 for 700 rubles. - the increase in the share price is reflected. When decreasing, reverse wiring is performed D 91.2 K 58.1.
D 76 (62) K 91.1 for 120,000 rubles. - the sale of shares to a legal entity is reflected.
D 91.2 К 58.1 per 100,700 rubles. - the write-off of the current book value of the sold shares is reflected.
Example 3
"By providing a loan to a legal entity or employee."
The organization issued a loan to another company for 500,000 rubles, the posting - D account 58.03 K 51. In this case, interest is accrued monthly at D 76 K 91.1,
and the repayment of the principal debt and interest-bearing liabilities is carried out by transferring funds to the account of the borrower D 51 K 58.03. If a loan is issued to an employee of an organization, it is more expedient to record all calculations through an account. 73.
Conclusion - we figured out how the 58th account is reflected in the balance sheet; found out what typical postings the movement of various financial investments of the enterprise is drawn up and what legislative documents regulate the accounting of investments.
Account 58 "Financial Investments" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of the organization's investments in government securities, shares, bonds and other securities of other organizations, authorized (share) capital of other organizations, as well as loans granted to other organizations.
Sub-accounts can be opened for account 58:
1.58-1 "Shares and Shares"
2. 58-2 "Debt securities"
3. 58-3 "Loans granted"
4. 58-4 "Deposits under a simple partnership agreement", etc.
Subaccount 58-1 takes into account the presence and movement of investments in shares joint stock companies, authorized (pooled) capitals of other organizations, etc.
Subaccount 58-2 takes into account the presence and movement of investments in government and private securities (bonds, etc.).
On subaccount 58-3, the movement of cash and other loans provided by the organization to individuals and legal entities (except for employees of the organization) is taken into account. Providing by the organization to individuals and legal entities(except for employees of the organization) loans secured by promissory notes are accounted for separately on this sub-account.
On subaccount 58-4, the partner organization takes into account the presence and movement of deposits in common property under a simple partnership agreement.
Analytical accounting for account 58 is carried out by types of financial investments and objects in which these investments were made. Building analytical accounting should provide the ability to obtain data on short-term and long-term assets. At the same time, accounting for financial investments within a group of interrelated organizations, about whose activities free financial statements are prepared, is kept on account 58 "Financial investments" separately.
Account 58 "Financial investments" corresponds with accounts:
By debit
51 Settlement accounts
52 Foreign exchange accounts
75 Settlements with founders
80 Share capital
91 Other income and expenses
98 Deferred income
On a loan
51 Settlement accounts
52 Foreign exchange accounts
76 Settlements with different debtors and creditors
80 Share capital
90 Sales
91 Other income and expenses
99 Profit and loss
The main accounting entries on account 58
1.d.58-2 k.50 Reflected initial cost financial investments in securities paid from the cash desk in cash
2.d.58-3 k.50 Provided loans in cash to other organizations
3.d.58-2 k.51 Reflected the initial cost of financial investments in securities, paid from the current account
4. д.58-3 к.51 Loans provided from the current account to other organizations
5.d.58-4 k.51 The value of the contribution under the PT agreement, made in cash by a partner organization, is reflected
6. d.58-2 k.52 Reflected the initial cost of financial investments in securities, paid from a foreign currency account
7.d.58-3 k.52 Loans provided from a foreign currency account to other organizations
8.d.58-2 k.75 Reflected receipt valuable papers on account of payment for shares
9.d.58-1 k.76 Reflected the posting of contributions made to the organization's charter
10. file 58-1 room 76 Ownership for the purchase of shares received
11. d.58-4 k.80 Reflected the receipt of financial investments made by the organization - partner the treasure account under the contract PT
12. file 58-1 room 91-1 The excess of the monetary value of the contribution to the organization's charter capital over the book value of the transferred property is reflected
13.day 58-2 room 91 The book value of bonds was increased by the amount of positive exchange rate difference
14. file 58-1 room 98 Reflected in the form of property received free of charge nominal value of additionally received shares
15. d.51 k.58-3 Reflected the return to the current account of loans previously provided to other organizations
16. d.52 k.58-3 Reflected the return to the foreign currency account of loans previously provided to other organizations
17. d.76 k.58-2 Written off part of the difference between the purchase and par value of debt securities
18.Do.80 k.58-4 Reflected the return of a contribution made in the form of financial investments to a partner organization withdrawing from the PT agreement
19. file 90 room 58-2 The book value of securities was written off when they were sold
20. d.91 k.58-2 Decommissioned book value redeemable bonds
21. д.91 к.58-2 The book value of bonds was reduced by the amount of negative exchange rate difference
22. d.91 k.58-2 The book value of securities was written off when they were sold
23. d.91 k.58-4 The excess of the value of the contribution under the PT agreement over the value of the returned asset is reflected upon termination of the agreement
Financial investments"
58.1 - "Shares and Shares";
58.2 - "Debt securities";
58.3 - "Granted loans";
58.4 - "Contributions under a simple partnership agreement", etc.
PAY - the share of the capital of the company, which gives the right to participate in general meetings shareholders, to receive a dividend and part of the company's property during its liquidation. The item is expressed in a certain document - a certificate to which coupons for receiving dividends are attached.
SHARES - securities issued by a joint stock company, the holders of which are provided with all property and personal rights associated with the possession of a share: a) the right to receive dividends, depending on the size of the corporation's profit; b) the right to participate in the management of the corporation by voting at meetings; c) the right to receive part of the property after the liquidation of the corporation. The rights are exercised in proportion to the size of the shares.
D 58 K 51 - the occurrence of an object of financial investments is reflected (when transferring or paying for this object from a current account);
D 58 K 76 - reflects the occurrence of debts to counterparties (if payment for financial investment objects will be made later than obtaining ownership of them, for example, in the case of securities).
D 91 K 58- reflected the negative difference between the purchase and the par value (or between the par and the purchase value) of the acquired debt securities.
On account 58, investments are accounted for by actual cost(in the amount of the costs incurred for their purchase).
Financial investments are the second in terms of liquidity after Money at the cash desk and on current accounts.
Account 59 "Provisions for the depreciation of financial investments" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of reserves for the depreciation of financial investments of the organization.
The reserve is formed at the expense of financial results (as part of operating expenses), which is reflected accounting record on the debit of account 91 "Other income and expenses" and the credit of account 59 "Provisions for depreciation of financial investments". A similar entry is made with an increase in reserves in the event of a further decrease in the estimated value of financial investments.
The reserve is reduced (used) in the following cases: if the estimated value of the relevant assets in reporting period increased if their value is no longer subject to a sustained significant decrease, as well as upon disposal of these assets. In this case, an entry is made on the debit of account 59 "Provisions for depreciation of financial investments" in correspondence with the credit of account 91 "Other income and expenses".
V accounting statements financial investments for which an allowance for impairment losses has been established are recorded at carrying amount less the amount of the provision. V balance sheet- net, when reflected in the asset, the difference between 58 and 59 accounts is reflected. Those. there is no account balance 59 in the liability!
Reserve for impairment of financial investments "(passive, contractual to account 58).
If we have a large number of shares of one company, and its shares have dropped sharply in price, we cannot reflect these changes on account 58, because this will distort the financial statements.
The allowance for impairment of financial investments is created by the following entry:
D 91.2 K 59
D 59 K 91.2 - the amount of the reserve has been restored
As soon as financial investments are disposed of, the corresponding amounts of the reserve are written off to other income of the enterprise (91.1).
The normative regulation of the accounting of bills is made by the “Regulations on promissory notes and bills of exchange” dated August 7, 1937.
When purchasing promissory notes, they are accounted for at the actual cost on account 58, the disposal is reflected through account 91.
D 60 K 91- we pay with a bill of exchange with the supplier.
If we purchased a promissory note with a face value of 1000 rubles, and with a discount it passed to us in fact for 900 rubles, then we will reflect the purchase price in the accounting - 900 rubles.
Upon disposal of this bill of exchange, we will make the postings:
D 60, 76 K 91.1 1000
D91.2 K 58 900
A credit balance of 100 rubles is formed, income tax is paid from them.
If we provide a loan, then we do the wiring:
D 58 K 51
If our main activity is the purchase and sale of financial investments, then income and expenses are attributed to account 90, otherwise - to account 91.
When transferring shares, bills, i.e. their disposal and implementation, the wiring is done:
D 90.1, 91.2 K 58
Do not wiring: D 60 K 58
D 76 K 91.1- interest accrued on loans is reflected;
If a loan is provided to an employee, then interest will be accrued to account 73.
D 73 K 91.1
If dividends were accrued to us on the objects of any financial investments, then we will reflect their receipt by posting:
D 51 K 91.1
58.4 - "Contributions under a simple partnership agreement"(joint activity of enterprises, which is carried out in the accounting records of one of the enterprises);
When depositing assets, account 58 is used.
Under a simple partnership agreement, funds were deposited from the current account:
D 58 K 51
Under the simple partnership agreement, the following materials have been introduced:
D 58 K 10
And if we bring them in at a higher price, then the transfer of materials will have to be reflected like this.
Account number 58 of accounting "Financial investments" is used to systematize data on the company's investments in public and private securities, authorized capital of firms. The same account records information about loans provided to other enterprises.
Analytical accounting for the 58th account is carried out by types of assets and by objects in which these assets are invested.
What sub-accounts can be opened for the 58th account
Accounting rules provide for the opening of subaccounts to account 58.
For example:
- "Shares and Shares" - 58-1;
- Debt securities - 58-2;
- "Granted loans" - 58-3;
- "Contributions under a simple partnership agreement" - 58-4, etc.
Maintaining subaccount 58-1
Subaccount 58-1 is intended to systematize data on investments in shares of joint-stock companies (joint-stock companies), capital of other companies, etc. The following subaccount is used to analyze investments in private and public debt assets (for example, in bonds).
The investments made by the company must be displayed by the Debit of the 58th account and by the set of accounts on which the corresponding values are taken into account. For example, a company buys assets of other businesses for money. This fact is reflected in two records: for the D-that account 58 and for the K-that one of the accounts 51 or 52 "Settlement accounts", "Currency accounts".
How to subaccount 58-2
How to keep accounting for assets, for which the current market value is not determined?
In this case, the difference between the initial and nominal asset prices is evenly recorded on financial results the work of the company.
If it comes about a non-profit organization, the amount should be attributed to a decrease or increase in expenses. If you need to write off the difference between two asset prices, the accountant makes 3 entries at the same time.
The entries are as follows:
- "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" - D-t 76 (here the amount of income on assets is indicated);
- “Financial investments - K-t 58 (only part of the difference between the purchase and nominal value is indicated here);
- "Other income and expenses" - K-t 91 (the difference between the amounts attributed to the account 76 and 58).
If you need to additionally calculate the difference between the real and nominal asset prices, you also need to make three entries.
The accountant makes notes:
- D-t 76 (you need to indicate the amount of income received on securities);
- D-t 58 (for this account only the share of the difference between the two prices is taken into account);
- Kt 91 (the entire amount that was assigned to the 2 above accounts is recorded here).
The fact of the redemption of securities is recorded according to the D-that of the 91st account and the K-that of the account considered in this article. An exception to the rule is companies that account for such transactions using the Sales account (# 90).
The procedure for maintaining the subaccount "Provided loans"
Sub-account 58-3 takes into account loans that the company issues to legal entities and individuals.
The latter does not include employees of the organization itself. Loans that are secured by promissory notes must be accounted for separately. The loans provided are displayed at once by two records: for the D-that of the 58th account and for the K-that of the account corresponding to the provided resource. For example, if money is provided, you need to make an entry in the credit of the account "Current accounts" (No. 51). The repayment of the debt corresponds to the reverse entry - according to D-51 and the credit of the 58th account.
Maintaining subaccount 58-4
Subaccount 58-4 is intended for the analysis of contributions to the partnership. For example, a money investment is displayed by an entry in the debit of the 58th account and in the K-t of the 51st account or other account corresponding to the type of provided material values or assets. If the partnership agreement is terminated, the tangible assets are returned to the firm. The accountant makes the opposite entries.
It summarizes information about the presence and movement of the enterprise's investments in various values and capitals. Let us further consider in detail account 58 in accounting, the objects that pass through it, the features of their fixation in the reporting.
General information
Account 58 in accounting (in the balance sheet) collects information about the company's investments in shares, securities, bonds. This article includes funds invested in the authorized capital of other organizations. It also reflects loans to third parties.
Account 58 in accounting: subaccounts
This article may open:
- Subt. 58.1 for shares and shares.
- Subt. 58.2 for debt securities (bonds).
- Subt. 58.3 for loans granted.
- Subt. 58.4 for deposits under a simple partnership agreement, etc.
Article 58.1 records the presence and movement of investments in shares of joint-stock companies, joint stock (authorized) capitals of third-party companies. By subscr. 58.2 there is a movement of deposits in private and public debt securities... These include, in particular, bonds.
58 accounting account: transactions
In the course of its activity, an enterprise can make investments in various values. All these investments go to account 58. In accounting, these investments are debit. In this case, credited items reflecting values to be transferred for the implementation of the specified contributions. For example, the acquisition by a company of a third-party company's securities is carried out on a DB account. 58 and CD count. 51 or count. 52 (settlement or foreign currency accounts, respectively).
Write-off of excess amounts
If the purchase price of the purchased bonds and other debt securities is higher than the nominal value, then the resulting difference is closed by an entry in DB account. 76 and CD count. 58 and 91. The debit is the amount of income receivable. The loan reflects the difference between the funds attributed to the account. 76, fixing settlements with debtors and creditors, and account. 58. Repurchase (redemption) and sale of securities is reflected in the DB account. 91. In this case, account 58 is credited in accounting. Such records are not made only by those companies that show these transactions on the account. 90.
Loans
As mentioned above, they are also reflected by account 58. In accounting, loans that are secured by promissory notes are held separately under this item. The movement of funds provided for use by individuals (except for employees of the enterprise) and legal entities is shown on debit. In this case, account 58 is active in accounting. He corresponds with the account. 51 or similar. When loans are repaid, a reverse entry is made. That is, the movement will be in dB count. 51 and CD count. 58.
Contributions by agreement
When a deposit is provided, account 58 is debited in accounting. In the record, he corresponds with the account. 51 and other items, reflecting the movement of allocated property. Accordingly, as in the previous case, a reverse entry is made upon termination of the contract. Thus, what account 58 will be in accounting - active or passive - depends on the operation being performed.
Analytics
The construction of accounting should provide the ability to obtain information about long-term and short-term assets. Analytics is carried out on the article under consideration in accordance with the types of financial investments and the objects in which they are made:
- By companies - sellers of shares.
- For other enterprises in which the firm is a member.
- By borrowing organizations, etc.
Accounting for investments within a group of related companies, about whose activities consolidated reporting is formed, is carried out on account. 58 apart.
Participation in other firms
It is reflected in the account. 58 in various forms. At the same time, the instructions focus on the fact that under this article there are values that are not only transferred for the implementation of the corresponding investments, but also those that are subject to transfer. In the latter case, in particular, we mean the papers, the ownership of which has already passed to the acquirer. As a rule, participation in other companies is expressed in the purchase of shares. But the market value of securities is constantly fluctuating. In the process of accounting, the difficulties that arise can become decisive. In the previous instruction it was noted that bonds, shares and other securities are recorded under the item of financial investments at their purchase value. The new guidelines say nothing about this. This is due to the fact that the procedure in accordance with which the valuation of assets is carried out is regulated by other regulations... One of them, in particular, is the Regulation on accounting and reporting. Clause 44 states that financial investments are recorded in the amount of the actual expenses of the investor. These costs are in some cases higher than the purchase price by the amount of certain costs. The latter, in particular, may be the payment of consulting and information services related to the purchase of securities, remuneration for the intermediary with the help of which the transaction was concluded, and so on.
Compromise solution
The excess of the market value over the nominal value in classical terminology is called an agio, a decrease - a disagio. There is a lot of controversy in the literature about whether these processes affect the size of the enterprise's capital. A positive answer is realistic. This is due to the fact that in this case the value of the securities and the total price of assets are reflected more correctly. A negative answer is no less realistic. In this case, the amounts actually invested in securities and, accordingly, in assets will remain. In practice, a compromise solution has been worked out. In the accounting, the premiums are not reflected, but the disaggio is shown using the count. 59, fixing allowances for impairment of investments in shares and other securities.
Contradictions in norms
In accordance with the plan for accounts, the accounting of funds invested in deposits in banks is carried out by subaccount. "Deposit accounts" (55.3). Another indication is contained in clause 3 of PBU 19/02. This paragraph states that such deposits are fixed by account 58. In accounting, a deposit, according to current legislation, is reflected in the way that the company chooses. In this case, the preferred option can be fixed in financial policy and disclosed in explanatory note attached to the reporting.
Reflection methods
Thus, you can choose one of the following options:
Many experts are of the opinion that the second option is more appropriate. This is due to the fact that the deposit is opened to extract additional profit from the provision on a reimbursable basis for the use of the company's assets.
Shares and shares
The company's management can invest in the authorized capital of various commercial organizations, to acquire their shares, that is, to invest in third-party companies. Such activities can be carried out:
- In the form of a cash contribution through the purchase of shares.
- By transferring various kinds of intangible and tangible assets.
- In the form of direct investments in capital.
All of these options significantly complicate the characteristics of the sub-calculator. 58.1. Thus, it can be called:
As a result, in accordance with these interpretations, there are three versions of accounting. Let's consider them.
Par value
Securities can be accounted for by this indicator. Merits this method favors the ease of fixing the inventory. The balance and the sum of the par values are equal. The size of the considered investments becomes equal to the share corresponding to the cost of capital of the company to which these shares belong. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting that the real price of securities almost never corresponds to the nominal one. This means that the balance on the subacc. 58.1 won't be real.
Actual acquisition cost
In this case, the balance by subacc. 58.1 will reflect the actual amount invested in the stock. However, along with this, it rarely corresponds to the amount of capital that belongs to the acquirer of the company that issued the securities. This circumstance creates certain difficulties in the inventory process.
Current course
When accounting for this indicator the balance will show the liquidation value of the securities, that is, the price at which they can be sold at the current moment. Remember, however, that stock prices are highly volatile. This encourages the accountant to continually re-evaluate them. Accordingly, their inventory becomes more complicated. At the same time, the cost of capital, which was actually brought in, in fact, disappears, and the size of the nominal value is rather problematic to calculate. Following the principle of discretion, it is preferable to choose the second and third options. The shares should be accounted for at the cost of the actual acquisition. However, if the current rate falls below the purchase price, the difference is written off as a loss.
Conclusion
All investments are reflected in the debit of the "Financial investments" account by shares and shares in full amount (at their actual cost price). In this case, the size of the face value of the paper does not matter. Shares are received on an actual basis. Also, the size of the acquired share in the capital of the company does not matter. The buyer must capitalize it at the amount actually received. Shares, like other property, are reflected in the balance sheet of the company, provided that it has ownership of them. This prescription is established by paragraph 44 of the Regulations for the maintenance of records. The moment of its transition to paper and the rights enshrined by them depends on the method of their storage and fixation. This can be a special registry system or a depository.