And 16 is a variance in value. Sc.16 "Deviation in the value of material assets
ACCOUNTING OF ECONOMIC PROCESSES
There are three business processes in accounting:
1. Accounting for the process of supply (procurement) of commodity material values.
2. Accounting for the production process.
3. Accounting for the process of implementation (sale) of the manufacture of products of the work performed (services rendered).
The supply process is a set of operations to provide an enterprise with the items of labor necessary for the manufacture of products.
The company purchases materials, fuel and other items from suppliers at the wholesale price, which is purchased for the company.
The purchase price may include VAT, which must be accounted for separately.
The enterprise bears the costs associated with the transportation of acquired values, their loading, unloading, etc. Such costs are called transport and procurement costs (TRC).
Purchase cost + TZR = actual cost acquired objects of labor.
Tasks of the procurement process accounting:
Determine the actual volume of supply;
Calculate the actual cost of purchased items of labor;
To solve these problems, accounts are used: 15,16,19,10.
Account 15 "Procurement and acquisition of material assets"
Active; costing.
The debit reflects the cost of purchasing materials without VAT (for VAT, account 19 "Value added tax on acquired values" is applied)
The loan shows the formation of the actual cost of material assets and its write-off for each type of material assets.
The following entries are made in the accounting:
Dt 15 Kt 60-materials purchased from suppliers at purchase price excluding VAT;
Dt 19 Kt 60 - VAT is reflected on purchased values;
Dt 15 Kt 20 (23) -materials from production are received;
Дт 15 Кт 71-materials are prepared with payment from the reporting amounts;
Дт 15 Кт 76-materials purchased from other organizations and enterprises; reflects the costs of transportation, loading, unloading of material assets;
In warehouses, materials are accounted for at discount prices, so if, upon receipt, there are discrepancies between the book price and the actual cost of purchase, account 16 is applied.
Sc.16 "Deviation in the value of material assets"
Active-passive; regulatory; contrarian,
contra-additional.
Records are made in the accounting:
Dt 16 Kt 15 - if the actual cost exceeds the book price (by the amount of the deviation, when the debit turnover on account 15 is more than the credit one) - overrun;
Dt 15 Kt 16 - when the actual cost of the acquisition is lower than the accounting one (by the amount of the deviation, when there will be an excess of the credit turnover on account 15 over the debit one) - savings.
At the end of the reporting period, a special calculation is drawn up, according to which the amount of deviations that have arisen is revealed.
The calculation is done like this:
1) Determine the% deviation:
Sn.sc16 + D.ob. sc16. / Sn.sc10 + D.ob.sc10 * 100%
2) Determine the amount of deviations:
% deviations * cost of materials consumed
Dt 10 Kt 15 - reflected book value purchased materials
Account 16 is closed and deviations are written off to cost accounting accounts.
Dt 20 (25.26) Kt 16 - deviations written off.
V balance sheet Count 15 and Count 16 are not shown.
Sc. 10 "Materials" Basic, material, active
Subaccounts are opened for him:
1.Raw materials;
2.Purchase semi-finished products and components;
3.fuel;
4.tars and container materials;
5. spare parts;
6. other materials;
7. materials transferred for processing to the outside;
8. building materials;
9.inventory and household supplies;
10.special equipment and special clothing in stock;
11. special equipment and special clothing in operation.
In synthetic accounting make the following entries:
Дт 10.1 Кт 60 - received materials from the supplier excluding VAT and O&M;
Dt 10.tzr Kt 60 - are reflected TZR (to account for transport and procurement costs, a separate subaccount is opened);
Dt 19 Kt 60 - VAT is reflected on the received materials;
On the credit account 60, the amount owed to the supplier is collected.
Dt 10 Kt 20 (23) - received materials from the main or auxiliary production;
Дт 10 Кт 71 - materials were received with payment from the reported amounts;
Дт 10 Кт 76 - received materials from other organizations or enterprises;
Дт 10 Кт 91.1-surplus materials were recorded during the inventory;
At the end of the month, a special calculation is made for the amount of TOR to be written off.
The calculation is done in the following form:
1)% TZR = Sn.10tzr + D.ob. sc10tzr / Sn.sch10.1 + D.ob.sch10.1 * 100%
2) Sum of deviations =% TZR * cost of materials consumed
Dt 20, 23, 25, 26, 28 Kt 10 - materials written off for production costs;
Thus, all the materials received and the share of TZR falling for this month are written off to the costs of the main or other production.
Дт 91.2 Кт 10-materials were sold to other organizations (on the side);
Дт 94 Кт 10-shortage of materials for production was revealed;
At enterprises with a large nomenclature of material values, a nomenclature-price tag is kept.
When contributing materials as a contribution to authorized capital record:
Дт 10 Кт 75.1-contributed to the authorized capital by the founder in the form of materials;
Upon receipt of materials under a donation agreement or free of charge, an entry is made:
Дт 10 Кт 98.2-received materials free of charge.
The main regulatory document governing the accounting of materials is PBU 5/2001 “Accounting material production stocks ".
PBU 5/01 shows ways to write off materials for production:
1) At the cost of each unit (jewelry).
2) According to the FIFO method
3) By average cost
Each organization chooses one of the proposed methods and
points it to accounting policy organizations.
The FIFO method is an assessment of material assets at their original cost.
With this technique, the rule is applied: “first batch on receipt - first on expenditure” (“first purchase price - first on vacation”; “first to stock - first to production”).
Any organization has the right to decide for itself whether or not to use account 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets" in its accounting. This choice is an element of accounting policy. When is it advisable to maintain such an account? Let's try to figure it out.
Possibility separate accounting deviations in the cost of purchased material assets are directly provided for by the documents of the regulatory system accounting- the Chart of Accounts and the Instructions for its application, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, and the Methodological Instructions for the accounting of inventories, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 28, 2001, No. 119n (hereinafter referred to as the Methodological Instructions).
At the same time, the Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts indicate the possibility of using a similar accounting scheme for any inventories (that is, materials, goods), and the Methodological Guidelines detail the procedure for accounting for deviations only in relation to materials.
Deviations are accounted for on account 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets", the use of which must be fixed accounting policies organizations.
When choosing such a scheme, the question naturally arises: in what situations and cases is the use of account 16 effective and justified?
The instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts established that account 16 is intended to summarize information about the differences in the cost of purchased inventories, calculated in the actual cost of acquisition (procurement) and accounting prices, as well as data characterizing the amount differences.
The mention of the sum differences can be ignored, since at present this term is no longer used in PBU9 / 99 "Income of an organization" and PBU10 / 99 "Expenses of an organization". And the fact that it was preserved in the Instructions for the Application of the Chart of Accounts most likely indicates the inattention of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation when making the appropriate changes to regulations accounting.
In addition, the documents of the accounting regulatory system do not prohibit the accumulation of transport and procurement costs on account 16, the accounting features of which are beyond the scope of this article.
Discount prices
According to the above quote from the Instructions for the application of the Chart of Accounts, the use of account 16 is possible in the case when the organization uses accounting prices in analytical accounting and storage locations.
The following can be used as accounting prices for materials (clause 80 of the Methodological Instructions):
· Negotiated prices. In this case, other costs included in the actual cost of materials are accounted for separately as part of transportation and procurement costs. In order for accounting at such prices to be organized normally, it is necessary to have long-term contracts. Moreover, they are drawn up in such a way that during the reporting period (at least one month) the contractual price for certain types of materials does not change;
· The actual cost of materials according to the data of the previous month or the reporting period (reporting year). Deviations between the actual cost of materials for the current month and their book price are taken into account as part of transportation and procurement costs. Since the use of accounting prices assumes their relative stability, the use of the actual cost of materials as accounting prices, in our opinion, is legitimate when the factors affecting the size of this cost (market prices, suppliers, etc.) are also relatively stable;
· Planned and estimated prices. Deviations of the contractual prices from the planned and calculated ones are taken into account as part of the transportation and procurement costs. Planned and estimated prices are developed and approved by the organization in relation to the level of the actual cost of the relevant materials. They are intended for use within an organization. The use of this type of prices as accounting prices presupposes the organization of accounting. finished products using account 40 "Release of products (works, services)". In order for such an accounting organization to make sense, necessary condition is the presence in the organization of services, as well as personnel capable of processing and analyzing information obtained as a result of comparing the standard (planned) and actual cost of finished products;
· The average price of the group. The difference between the actual cost of materials and the average price of the group is taken into account as part of transportation and procurement costs. The average price of a group is a type of planned and estimated price. It is established in cases where the nomenclature numbers of materials are consolidated by combining several sizes, grades, types of homogeneous materials with insignificant fluctuations in prices into one nomenclature number. Moreover, in the warehouse, such materials are accounted for on one card.
Despite the fact that the planned and estimated prices and average prices of groups are used exclusively for internal purposes (that is, they do not affect either the reported indicators or the size tax base on income tax), the Methodological Guidelines establish the obligation to revise them if these prices deviate from market prices by more than 10%.
The most rational is the use of discount prices (and, accordingly, the use of account 16), subject to the following conditions:
· Availability of a wide range of inventories (in particular, materials) used in the activities of an economic entity;
· Availability of long-term contracts with suppliers of materials;
· Organization of settlements for purchased materials in such a way that the actual receipt of stocks does not coincide with the receipt of shipping (and other similar) documents serving as the basis for payment, as well as the possibility of using various forms of payment - preliminary, subsequent, through letters of credit, etc.;
· The use of significant amounts of materials in the main production. If the main production is not material-intensive, and the purchased inventories are supposed to be used in auxiliary production (for example, for the repair of fixed assets), maintenance and management activities, the use of discount prices (and account 16) can hardly be considered justified. In the situations described, between the moment of the actual receipt of materials at the warehouse and their transfer to production, as a rule, a rather long period of time passes, during which the actual cost of inventories can be formed with a high degree of accuracy.
In organizations that keep records of materials at planned and estimated prices, a nomenclature-price tag is being developed.
The nomenclature-price tag is drawn up in the context of sub-accounts of account 10 "Materials". Within sub-accounts, they are divided into groups (types). The names of material values are recorded with an indication of the brand, grade, size, and other distinctive features. Each such name is assigned an item number (cipher). Next, the unit of measurement, the valuation price and subsequent price changes ( new price and since when it has been in effect).
The nomenclature-price tag can also be developed in cases where other types of discount prices are used in the organization. It is not a unified form of accounting, therefore it can be developed in the organization. A prerequisite that must be met when developing a form is the inclusion of all the necessary details (listed above) in it. Of course, the form must be specified in the accounting policy of the organization.
Wiring diagram
The instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts established that the amount of the difference in the cost of purchased inventories, calculated in the actual cost of acquisition (procurement) and accounting prices, is debited or credited to account 16 "Deviation in the cost of material assets" from account 15 "Procurement and acquisition of material assets ".
The differences accumulated on account 16 in the value of purchased inventories calculated at the actual cost of purchase (procurement) and the discount prices are written off (reversed - in case of a negative difference) to the debit of accounts for accounting for production costs (sales costs) or other relevant accounts.
Thus, if account 16 is used, the posting scheme will be as follows:
Debit 60 Credit 51
For the amount of payment made to suppliers of inventories
Debit 15 Credit 60
The amount of the value of the inventory received at the actual cost of acquisition
Debit 15 Credit 60
For the amount of work and services of third-party organizations, which, in accordance with regulatory documents can be included in the actual cost of purchasing inventories
Debit 10 Credit 15
For the amount of the cost of purchased materials at discount prices
Debit 16 Credit 15
By the amount of positive deviations in the cost of materials (transportation and procurement costs), that is, if the actual cost of materials exceeds the cost at the discount prices
Debit 15 Credit 16
For the amount of negative deviations in the cost of materials (transportation and procurement costs), if the cost of materials at book prices exceeds their actual cost
Debit 20, 23, 44, etc. Credit 10
For the amount of the cost of materials used at discount prices
For the amount of positive deviations in the cost of materials or
Debit 20, 23, 44, etc. Credit 16
Reversal by the amount of negative deviations in the cost of materials.
One of the last two transactions is issued simultaneously with the transactions by which materials are written off to production.
EXAMPLE
Within a month, the organization purchased materials for total amount at negotiated prices 200 thousand rubles. (excluding VAT), at discount prices - 220 thousand rubles.
The total cost of the acquisition and procurement of materials (work and services of third-party organizations associated with the acquisition of materials) amounted to 100 thousand rubles. For a month, materials for 200 thousand rubles were written off into production. (at discount prices).
For simplicity, let's assume that there is no stock at the beginning of the month.
The following entries will be made in accounting:
Debit 15 Credit 60
200 thousand rubles - for the amount of the purchased materials
Debit 15 Credit 60
100 thousand rubles - for the amount of payment for works and services of third-party organizations
Debit 10 Credit 15
220 thousand rubles - in the amount of the cost of materials at discount prices
Debit 16 Credit 15
80 thousand rubles - for the amount of deviations in the cost of materials
Debit 20 Credit 10
200 thousand rubles - in the amount of the cost of materials at discount prices
Debit 20 Credit 16
72.7 thousand rubles (80: 220 x 200) - for the amount of deviations written off.
As of the end of the month, the balance on account 10 will be 20 thousand rubles, the balance on account 16 - 7.3 thousand rubles. (unwritten deviations in the cost of materials).
The write-off of deviations in the cost of materials for certain types or groups of materials is made in proportion to the book value of materials based on the ratio of the sum of the balance of the deviation value at the beginning of the month (reporting period) and current deviations for the month ( reporting period) to the sum of the balance of materials at the beginning of the month (reporting period) and materials received during the month (reporting period) at the book value.
The resulting value, multiplied by 100, gives the percentage that should be used when writing off the variance for the increase (appreciation) of the book value of the materials used. That is, the scheme for calculating and writing off deviations is similar to the scheme for calculating transport and procurement costs.
Organization of accounting using account 16 involves separation certain types expenses arising from the acquisition of any groups of inventories. In our opinion, in the event that there is a movement at the enterprise of other groups of stocks (and not only basic and auxiliary materials), it is inappropriate to use a different scheme for the formation of the actual cost when taking them into account.
To reflect generalized information about the amounts of the difference between the book price and the actual cost of goods and materials on the balance sheet of the enterprise, use account 16. Our article will acquaint you with the features of accounting for the cost differences of goods and materials, as well as by example typical postings will help you understand the operations on account 16.
Account 16: accounting of transactions
Account 16 is used in enterprises reflecting the amount of incoming / outgoing goods and materials at the book price. Upon the revealed deviation between the book price and the actual cost of goods (production costs, sales costs, purchase price from a supplier, etc.), the amount of this deviation is reflected in account 16:
When reflecting operations on cost overruns accumulated during the month on account 16, enterprises in the manufacturing sector use the following records:
Accounting for the positive amount of deviations (savings) on the received goods and materials is reflected in the records:
In case of liquidation of goods and materials as a result of force majeure (natural disaster, accident, nationalization, etc.) or in case of shortage, the amount of deviations on account 16 is written off with the following entries:
Reflection of the cost differences of goods and materials on account 16
Consider an example of the excess of the book price of goods and materials over their actual cost.
The trading enterprise "Monolit Plus" purchased a batch of auto parts (315 units) at a price of 984 rubles / piece. The total cost of delivery was RUB 309.960, VAT RUB 47.282. The accounting price of auto parts is 1018 rubles.
The Monolith Plus accountant made the following notes:
Debit | Credit | Description | Sum | A document base |
10 | 15 | The batch of spare parts is reflected at discount prices (315 units * 1018 rubles) | RUB 320.670 | |
15 | 60 | The actual cost of the spare parts received was taken into account (309.906 rubles - 47.282 rubles) | RUB 262.624 | Purchase Invoice |
19 | 60 | VAT charged on delivery | RUB 47.282 | Invoice incoming |
15 | 16 | The difference between the book price of auto parts and the cost of purchasing them has been written off (320.670 rubles - 262.624 rubles) | RUB 58.046 | Accounting reference-calculation |
Consider a case in which the purchase price of a product is greater than that recorded in the accounting records.
The production company "Beloshveika" purchased a batch of cotton fabric (418 meters) at a price of 189 rubles / m. The total cost of delivery was RUB 79.002, VAT RUB 12.052. The discount price of the fabric is 154 rubles / m.
Upon receipt of the fabric, the accountant of “Beloshveik” made the following entries:
Debit | Credit | Description | Sum | A document base |
10 | 15 | A batch of cotton fabric was registered at the warehouse at discount prices (418 m * 154 rubles) | RUB 64.372 | Receipt invoice, Accounting reference-calculation |
15 | 60 | The actual cost of the received fabric was taken into account (79.002 rubles - 12.052 rubles) | RUB 66.950 | Purchase Invoice |
19 | 60 | VAT charged on delivery | RUB 12.052 | Invoice incoming |
16 | 15 | The difference between the price of auto parts for accounting and the cost of purchasing them has been written off (66.950 rubles - 64.372 rubles) | RUB 2.578 | Accounting reference-calculation |
Account 16: writing off the amounts of deviations of goods and materials
In March 2015, the metallurgical enterprise Factorial purchased sheet metal (650 tons) for the subsequent sale to OOO Bazis:
- sheet metal cost - 1,418,300 rubles, VAT 216,351 rubles;
- the cost of delivery of a consignment - 371,000 rubles, VAT - 56,593 rubles;
- discount metal price - 1800 rubles / t.
As of 03/01/2015, Factorial's accounts included:
In March, Factorial sold 420 tons of metal to OOO Basis at a price of 1,722,000 rubles, VAT 262,678 rubles.
"Factorial" reflected the receipt and write-off of goods with the following entries:
Debit | Credit | Description | Sum | A document base |
16 | 60 | Sheet metal accepted for accounting (1,418,300 rubles - 216,351 rubles) | RUB 1.201.649 | Purchase Invoice |
19 | 60 | Reflected VAT amount | RUB 216.351 | Invoice incoming |
68 VAT | 19 | VAT on the cost of delivery is accepted for deduction | RUB 216.351 | Invoice incoming |
41 | 16 | Sheet metal is capitalized at the book price (1,800 rubles * 650 t) | RUB 1,170,000 | Accounting reference-calculation |
15 | 60 | Costs for the delivery of a consignment of metal are reflected in the accounting (371,000 rubles - 56,593 rubles) | RUB 314.407 | Certificate of services rendered |
19 | 60 | Reflected the amount of VAT from the cost of delivery | RUB 56.593 | Certificate of services rendered, Invoice incoming |
68 VAT | 19 | VAT on delivery accepted for deduction | RUB 56.593 | Invoice incoming |
16 | 15 | The amount of the difference between the book price and the cost of the metal is reflected in the accounting (RUB 1.201.649 + RUB 314.407 - RUB 1.170.000) | RUB 346.056 | Accounting reference-calculation |
62 | 90.1 | Sheet metal sold by Basis LLC | RUB 1,722,000 | Delivery contract |
90.3 | 68 VAT | VAT charged on metal sold | RUB 262.678 | Receipt invoice, Outgoing invoice |
90.2 | 41 | The book value of the sold sheet metal is reflected in the structure of expenses (420 t * 1,800 rubles) | RUB 756,000 | Accounting reference-calculation |
Writing off the amount of deviations, Factorial's accountant made the following calculation:
- The book value of sheet metal in March (including the balance) as of 03/01/2015 - 1.755.000 rubles. (325 t * 1.800 rubles + 650 t * 1.800 rubles).
- The sum of deviations in March 2015 (including the balance) - 378.056 rubles. (32.000 rubles + 346.056 rubles).
- The share (percentage) of deviations for the goods sold - 21.55% (378.056 rubles / 1.755.000 rubles * 100%).
- The deviation indicator for writing off in March 2015 is 162.918 rubles. (756.000 rubles * 21.55%).
The following entry was made in Factorial's accounting:
Reversal of account balances 16 at the end of the reporting period
As of 01.08.2015, the balance of JSC “Workshop No. 1” included:
In August 2015 “Workshop No. 1” purchased a batch of materials from LLC “Stroitel” for the amount of RUB 61,400, VAT RUB 9,366, the book price of which was RUB 68,300. Construction and repair materials in the amount of 59.500 rubles. were written off to production.
At the end of August 2015, the accountant of Workshop No. 1 JSC made the following entries:
Debit | Credit | Description | Sum | A document base |
10 | 15 | A batch of building materials was received at the warehouse of JSC “Workshop No. 1 at discount prices | RUB 68.300 | Receipt invoice, Accounting reference-calculation |
15 | 60 | The cost of a batch of materials is reflected in the accounting (61.400 rubles - 9.366 rubles) | RUB 52.034 | Purchase Invoice |
19 | 60 | VAT included for the supply of materials | RUB 9.366 | Invoice |
15 | 16 | The amount of the deviation of the accounting price and the cost of construction materials (68.300 rubles - 52.34 rubles) is taken into account. | RUB 16.266 | Accounting reference-calculation |
20 | 10 | Building materials transferred to production | RUB 59.500 | Consignment note, Limit pick-up sheet |
20 | 19 | Reversal of the deviation indicator at the end of August 2015 ((RUB 3.850 + RUB 16.266) / (RUB 42.700 + RUB 68.300) * RUB 59.500) | RUB 10.783 | Accounting reference-calculation |
Medium and large manufacturing enterprises who use the services of a large number of suppliers, often face a problem: incoming materials, goods, which are homogeneous in nature, differ significantly in price. In addition, in production, situations may arise in which you need to capitalize materials before the receipt of documentation that reflects their actual cost.
In such cases, enterprises use discount prices, which can be:
- the price fixed in the supply agreement;
- planned and estimated price based on the actual cost;
- approved fixed price;
- the average price of a group of homogeneous materials combined with each other, accounted for as one object;
- the actual cost price in the previous period (month, year).
In the first four cases, deviations are included in the composition (TZR).
Actual cost arises from:
- amounts for settlements with suppliers;
- settlements with intermediaries;
- costs of delivery, procurement, storage of valuables;
- other costs not included in the previous groups.
To account for deviations of planned prices from actual ones, account 16 "Deviation in the cost of material assets" is used in correspondence with account 15 "Procurement and acquisition of material assets".
Attention! The chosen method of accounting for goods and materials should be recorded in the accounting policy. It is necessary to prescribe in detail the use of certain accounts, the methodology for calculating and attributing to costs the amounts of deviations in the cost of goods and materials, if the enterprise uses planned prices.
Characteristics of accounts 15, 16 and their features
Account 15 is active-passive, but in its economic essence has all the signs of active, since it reflects information about the material values of the enterprise. The actual value of the MC is accumulated on the account. Then in correspondence with account. 16 reveals the differences between actual prices and accounting prices. The debit balance of the account reflects goods and materials in transit that belong to the enterprise, but have not yet arrived at the warehouse.
Account 16 is active-passive, similar to count. 15, having signs of active. Reflects the deviation of the actual cost from the planned one, recorded on accounts 10, 41, 07.
Typical transactions for accounting for cost deviations of goods and materials
Let's consider the correspondence of accounts by examples.
For the construction shop of the "Alpha" company purchased boards: 400 running meters of edged material at a price of 200 rubles / meter, taking into account. The planned price of the MC is 150 rubles / meter, lower than the actual one.
Postings:
- D 10 K15- RUB 60,000.00 (150 * 400) - boards were posted to the warehouse at discount prices.
- D 15 K60
- D 19 K60- RUB 12,203.00 - VAT.
—————————————————————-
RUB 80,000.00 (400 * 200). - D 16 K15- 7797.00 rubles (67797-60000) - the excess of the actual price of the boards over the accounting one (overrun) is reflected.
Let the planned price of the boards under the same conditions be 250 rubles / meter, that is, higher than the actual one.
- D 10 K15- 100,000.00 (250 * 400) - boards are accepted at discount prices for the warehouse.
- D 15 K60- RUB 67,797.00 - the actual cost of the boards received.
- D 19 K60- RUB 12,203.00 - VAT.
—————————————————————-
RUB 80,000.00 (400 * 200). - D15 K16- 32203, 00 rubles (100000-67797) - the excess of the book price of the boards over the actual one (savings) is reflected.
At the end of the month, in proportion to the cost of materials, their rise in price is written off to the debit of those accounts to which the materials themselves were written off:
- D 20 (23,29,25,26, etc.) K 16.
- The increase in the cost of sold MCs is debited to account 91/2.
- D 91/2 K 16.
- The increase in the cost of goods sold is debited to account 90/2.
- D 90/2 K 16.
If the discount price exceeds the actual one (there is a credit balance on account 16), deviations are also calculated. Reverse postings are made in the same way as above. Amounts are written off most often in proportion to the cost of materials.
Example
Let it be at 1.01. the current month account 16 has a credit balance of 3800 rubles, a debit turnover of 5700.00 rubles, and a credit turnover of 1100.00 rubles. At the end of the month, a debit balance of RUB 800 is formed and is subject to distribution. On account 10, the balance on 1.01 of the current month is 2000.00 rubles, the receipt of materials in the amount of 78000.00 rubles, write-off to production - 40,000.00 rubles. Wiring - D 20 K10- 40,000.00 rubles - materials were written off for production at discount prices.
Let's calculate the amount of deviations to be written off. The cost of materials is 2000 + 78000 = 80,000.00 rubles. 800/80000 = 0.01. 0.01 * 40,000 = 400 rubles. Wiring - D 20 K 16- 400.00 rubles.
Analytics for account 16 is organized by groups of stocks with a similar level of deviations of the accounting prices from the actual indicators. It is advisable to combine it with a grouping of materials of the same type for purpose and use in the production process.
Deviation write-off methods
The enterprise has the right to choose the methodology independently. Methodological guidelines for the accounting of the MPZ (Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 119-n, clause 88) offer a number of options:
- Writing off deviations in general to accounts production costs or distribution costs similar to those used to write off the materials themselves. It is used in the case when the share of costs is not more than 10% of the book value of the MC.
- Write-off based on the specific weight as a percentage of the value of certain MC at the discount prices at the beginning of the month. If the specified method significantly reduces the accuracy of the indicators, the data are corrected in next month for the amount of the resulting write-off differences. At the same time, the maximum materiality standard is set at 5%.
- Write-off according to the standard of the proportion of deviations to the book value of the MC. If the actual data show a strong difference from the standards, adjustments are made to the indicators of the distributed variances.
- Writing off deviations in full on a monthly basis to the cost of consumed goods and materials. This method is possible if their share in the cost of materials at discount prices is not more than 5%.
Deviations from the actual cost occur when accounting for material assets at planned prices. Deviations are reflected in accounts 15 and 16 of accounting. The company independently chooses the method of distribution of deviations and fixes it in the accounting policy. In this case, it is advisable to be guided by the "Methodological guidelines for accounting for inventories" approved by the Ministry of Finance.