Technical specifications for the construction of a warehouse sample. Tags: state examination, Design assignment, RFP, design documentation, detailed design, construction and installation work, design stages, Technical regulations, design stages
According to the degree of reliability of power supply, power receivers of the sports and recreation complex belong to category III consumers; emergency lighting fixtures, fire alarms, smoke removal systems - category I.
Calculated electric power of the physical culture and health complex is 166.6 kW, including electric lighting - 31.0 kW, electrical power equipment - 144.4 kW (consumers of category I - 30 kW).
The estimated power of the refrigeration station is 346.8 kW.
The total calculated load on 0.4 kW TP buses is 495.6 kW.
The accepted voltage is 10 kV on the high side and 380/220 V on the low side with a solidly grounded neutral of the transformer.
To supply power to the sports and recreation complex, it is planned to build a complete transformer substation of the KTPNT-630-10/0.4-97U1-K/K type.
The power supply of the designed transformer substation TP-2 on the high side is provided from the existing transformer substations TP 64G and TP-94. According to the technical conditions, they are carried out by the network organization.
Power supply to consumers of the sports and recreation complex is carried out from the designed transformer substation TP-2 via 0.4 kV cables of the AVBbShv-1 (sports and recreation complex) and VVBbShv-1 (refrigeration station) cables.
To compensate for reactive power in the designed transformer substation, it is planned to install a UKM58-0, UZ capacitor unit.
Electricity metering FOC is designed with active and reactive energy meters installed at the inputs on the high side in the designed transformer substation.
The designed cables are laid in an earthen trench at a depth of 0.7 m from the leveling surface of the earth. The layout of cables in the trench and their intersection with underground utilities should be carried out according to the standard design of the A5-92 series. At the entrance to the designed buildings, when crossing with underground communications and roads, the cables are protected by asbestos-cement pipes Ф100mm.
External electric lighting of the territory from the side of the main facade of the designed sports complex is designed with lamps of the ZHKU-400 type with gas-discharge lamps of the DNaT type (2 lamps per support). The lamps are mounted on metal faceted conical supports of the ONO type.
From the side of the main entrance to the administrative building, two metal supports of the ONO type are installed with 6 ZHKU-250 lamps on each support.
External electric lighting of the rest of the territory of the designed sports and recreation complex is provided by ZhKU-400 lamps on metal supports of the ONO type (1 lamp per support).
The power supply for outdoor lighting fixtures is provided from the outdoor lighting panel installed in the designed transformer substation-2. External lighting fixtures are switched on from a photosensor installed in TP-2 at dusk.
The estimated load of outdoor lighting is 12.2 kW.
Connecting outdoor lighting fixtures to the network must be carried out taking into account the uniform distribution of the load across the phases. The project provides for evening and night lighting. To reduce illumination at night, some of the lamps are turned off, while turning off two adjacent lamps is not allowed (see PUE clause 6.5.25).
On the designed supports N1, 12, 15, re-ground the neutral wire. To do this, you need to drive two steel corners 50*50*5mm 3m long with a spacing of 2m (the top of the corner at a depth of 0.5m from the ground) and connect them together with a 40*5mm steel strip.
The resistance of these grounding devices should be no more than 30 Ohms, and the distance between them should not be more than 200m.
To charge street lighting lamps and connect them to the phase and neutral wires of street lighting, you should use an insulated flexible cable with copper stranded conductors with a cross-section of at least 2.5 mm with weatherproof insulation of the VVGngLS 3 * 2.5 mm2 brand.
The estimated power of working lighting is 24.8 kW, evacuation lighting - 6.2 kW.
Three types of lighting are designed in the premises of the sports and recreation complex: working, evacuation and repair.
Electrical lighting of the premises is carried out by lamps with incandescent lamps and lamps with fluorescent lamps installed on the ceiling and walls.
The ice field is illuminated by lamps of the ZhSP01-400 type with DNAT-400 lamps, which are suspended on a cable Ф 8 mm at a height of 6.0 m.
Lighting fixtures are selected in accordance with the nature of the illuminated premises, their purpose and environmental conditions.
The types of luminaires are indicated on the plans. The choice of the number of lamps and the power of the lamps in them is made based on calculations.
Evacuation lighting fixtures are separated from general lighting fixtures and are marked on the plans with the “E” icon. In the lobby, corridor, security room, locker rooms, first-aid post and wardrobe, luminaires with fluorescent lamps with an emergency power supply are used as evacuation lighting fixtures. Along the evacuation route, illuminated “Exit” signs are installed with rechargeable batteries capable of operating autonomously for at least 4 hours in the event of a power failure.
In the electrical control room, heating point and in the rooms for ventilation equipment, repair lighting with a voltage of 36V is provided.
The level of illumination sufficient to evacuate people from the building is at least 5 lux. Working lighting fixtures are powered from the designed working lighting panels ShchO-1, ShchO-2, evacuation lighting - from Shcheo.
UOShchV type panels (ShchO-1, ShchO-2, ShchEO) were selected as group lighting panels.
The group lighting network in the premises is carried out using a cable with copper conductors of the VVGng-LS brand, laid hidden along the walls in a layer of plaster and in the voids of the floor slabs and behind the suspended ceiling. In the ice field premises, the lighting network is carried out using a VVGng-LS cable, laid openly along the walls in trays (in sections A, B, C).
The trays are installed on brackets that are attached to metal structures and walls of the building. The trays are located at a height of 5.5 m from the floor. In other cases, the cables are laid along purlins made of bent profiles and beams in corrugated pipes with fastening with brackets every 1 m. Above the ice field, the lamps are suspended on a cable Ф 8 mm at a height of 6 m from the field.
The group lighting network for evacuation lighting is made using fire-resistant cable brand VVGng-FRLS.
According to the PUE clause 6.2.13, the cables of the group lines of working and evacuation lighting are laid separately. It is not recommended to run these cables together.
Branches to the luminaires are made using a VVGng-LS cable (VVGng-FRLS for emergency lighting) with a cross-section of 3*1.5 sq. mm. in boxes U-192 and U409. The ice arena lighting is controlled from the ShchO-1 panel and all other rooms are controlled by individual switches. The installation height of switches is up to 0.8 m from the floor, lighting panels are 1.5 m from the floor to the center of the panel.
Electrical cables are selected according to permissible current loads and tested for compliance with protective devices and for permissible voltage loss.
All metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment are grounded in accordance with PUE Chapter 1.7, Chapter 7.1 and SNiP 3.05.06-85. Grounding system adopted
Three ASU cabinets are used as the input and distribution device of the FOC building: the input VRU1-18-60UHL4 with automatic input of backup power and the distribution VRU9-49-00UHL4 and PR, installed in the electrical panel room above the pit on a metal frame made of steel angles 50*50 *5mm, at a height of 100mm from the floor.
Electricity metering is carried out by an active energy meter of accuracy class 1, installed at the ASU input after the ATS. Accounting for electricity consumed by a refrigeration station - a meter installed in the transformer substation on the outgoing line to the refrigeration unit.
As group power panels, panels of the VRU8 type (protection level 1P31, manufacturer - OZEMI plant) are used, installed in the electrical panel room, in the ice field room and in ventilation chambers with lockable doors.
Connection and installation of electrical equipment must be performed in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturers' instructions.
The group power network is three-wire for single-phase current collectors and five-wire for three-phase.
To control and connect electric motors of plumbing equipment, starters, speed controllers, cabinets of automatic control systems ShSAU, SHAU are used, which are installed on the wall near the electric motor.
The power cables to the ASU in the FOC building are laid in the floor in a cable channel developed in the AC section.
Distribution and group power networks are carried out with non-flammable cables of the VVGng-LS and VVGng-FRLS brands, laid in the administrative building in the grooves of the walls under the plaster, behind the suspended ceiling. In a modular building (ice field), networks are laid along the walls (purlins), along beams in
corrugated pipes are open; partially without pipes on ladder-type trays (along axis E), on a cable Ф 8 mm.
The method of laying the network is selected depending on the purpose of the room and the characteristics of the environment.
To protect people from electric shock when coming into contact with conductive parts of electrical equipment and to prevent ignitions and fires arising from the prolonged flow of leakage currents and short-circuit currents developing from them, installation of a residual current device is provided in power panels in groups feeding plug sockets ( except for computer power supply).
To repair electric motors of roof fans, it is planned to install PV1 package switches, which are mounted on the fan housing. Installation height from the floor: a) shields - 1.5 m to the center; b) launch equipment - 1.2-1.6 m.
The project provides for automatic shutdown of ventilation systems in case of fire. The ventilation panels are switched off by input circuit breakers with an independent release, the control coil of which is switched by the output contact of the fire alarm relay. According to SNiP clause 12.4, when using such a circuit breaker to shut down in case of fire, the signal transmission line must be checked for shutdown. When using automation equipment supplied with the equipment of supply ventilation systems (ACW), shutdown
supply systems P4, P5 in case of fire is carried out individually for each system while maintaining the power supply to the frost protection circuits.
Automatic control.
For automatic control of supply and exhaust air conditioning units of the ice field, the project provides for the installation of automatic control cabinets SHU PV2, SHU PV1+PV3 and SHU PZ. The cabinets are developed and supplied complete with ventilation equipment by the prof company, St. Petersburg.
Cabinets SHU PV1+ PV3, SHU PV2 are installed in ventilation chambers, SHU P3 – on the body of the ventilation unit P3. Disabling the air conditioning in case of fire is carried out from a signal from the PS device arriving at the independent release of the input circuit breaker of the ShchSPV ARU panel, from which the air conditioning units PV1, PV2, PV3, P3 are powered and remotely from the buttons. Maintaining the power supply to the frost protection circuits during fire shutdown is not required in this case, since the installations receive a mixture of external and internal air with a temperature above the freezing point of water.
Disabling exhaust and supply ventilation systems and turning on the smoke removal system in the event of a fire from a fire alarm device is discussed in the fire alarm section.
This project provides for the installation of 2 computers to control and monitor the refrigeration and air conditioning systems (dispatching) of the designed sports and recreation center building.
Computers are installed on the 1st floor in the machine room of the building of the existing “Sports complex for 4500 seats”. Communication between air conditioning, refrigeration systems and computers is provided via a “twisted pair” copper wire of type FTR4 cat5e V/PE, which is laid in the ground in the designed telephone sewer together with a telephone cable in a separate plastic pipe F 50. Inside the existing and designed buildings, the wire is laid in corrugated pipe along the walls at a height of 5.5 m with fastening under brackets every 1 m, partially on a tray.
All metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment are grounded in accordance with PUE Ch. 1.7, ch. 7.1 and SNiP 3.05.06-85. The TN-S grounding system is adopted. The neutral protective conductor is connected to the neutral protective busbar of the shield. The branches of the protective conductor to each socket are made in branch boxes using one of the accepted methods (welding, etc.). Consistent connection of grounding contacts of plug sockets into the protective conductor is not allowed. Branch boxes for plug sockets are installed behind a suspended ceiling or on walls above the floor.
Based on the PUE (ed. 7, clause 7.1.87), a potential equalization system was installed at the entrance to the building of the designed sports complex. The PE buses of power and lighting panels (the protective conductor is part of the distribution lines), metal structures of the building, metal housings of group panels, ASU, metal communication pipes (heating) are connected to the GZSh ASU.
The main grounding bus is connected to the external grounding loop at two points. An additional potential equalization system is provided in showers and cleaning equipment rooms. From the PE busbars of ShchO-3, ShchEO and ShchSP shields, additional protective conductors of the VVGng-LS brand with a cross-section of 1*4mm2 are laid to metal pallets.
When developing any project. How is this document prepared? This will be discussed in the article.
Technical specification - what is it?
Before starting to develop a project, a plan must first be drawn up. Construction, entrepreneurship, housing work - absolutely any labor sector requires the development of an appropriate plan. In this case, it does not matter how complex or serious this or that work is. The development of technical specifications, and, in fact, an ordinary action plan, is a key stage here.
The terms of reference are needed by both sides of the work process: the contractor and the customer. Often, quarrels, conflicts and misunderstandings arise between these two individuals. A well-drafted action plan will help strictly regulate all obligations of each party.
Why does the customer need technical specifications?
As already mentioned, the development of technical specifications is a necessary process that is useful for both parties employment contract. However, now it’s worth talking about why the presented document is needed by the direct customer.
The most important thing to note is the fact that the technical specifications are developed only by the customer. This is a kind of action plan, an agreement on the provision of services. With the help of this document, performers can clearly define their job functions, as well as what exactly is required of them. The document in question should always be developed with the highest quality and care. Thus, the customer must take into account all the main theses and points, and also avoid contradictory issues. If the document is drawn up correctly, the customer will always be able to point the dissatisfied contractor to a certain clause of the contract.
Why does the contractor need technical specifications?
The contractor receives samples of technical specifications before starting any work. The worker must carefully read all the points in the document. This step will help avoid manipulation by the customer. Thus, many bosses may demand something from employees that was not discussed in the terms of reference.
The contractor must clarify all the necessary points and the amount of payment. So, you should make sure that cash payments relate only to those points specified in the document. Otherwise, inattentive performers can work for free.
Thus, the performer should pay attention to samples of technical specifications as often as possible. This will help him avoid unnecessary problems and misunderstandings.
Starting to compile a document
Where should I start filling out the document? The terms of reference for the work should always begin with general provisions and goals. What's included general provisions? First, a small glossary. Of course, this is not a prerequisite. However, if the document is narrowly focused and therefore replete with specific terminology, then it is still worth attaching a small dictionary. In any case, this will be another step towards mutual understanding between the customer and the contractor. Secondly, the general provisions must contain information about the parties to the contract.
What are the objectives of the terms of reference? It's probably not hard to guess. So, it is necessary to briefly outline what kind of project is being developed, why it is needed and how the final result can be achieved. All tasks and goals should be described in as much detail and clarity as possible. This approach will help establish mutual understanding between the parties to the contract.
Requirements and deadlines
IN mandatory any technical specification for the performance of work must contain certain requirements, as well as clearly deadlines. Everything is relatively clear with the timing. Although it is worth noting that it is better to take time with some reserve. In addition, the speed of order execution should not affect the quality. If the contractor violates the established deadlines, the contract must contain certain sanctions for this case.
What can you tell us about the requirements? The customer must remember that all requirements are divided into two main types: special and functional. Functional requirements are to some extent visual and figurative. These are certain images, elements, sketches of what the customer would like to see. Special requirements are strictly regulated, indicating specific tasks and methods of execution. Naturally, special ones should significantly predominate. Otherwise, the performer may simply not fully understand what exactly they want from him.
Responsibility and reporting
It’s worth talking about two more important elements that absolutely any sample technical specifications should contain in a little more detail. It's about on the responsibility of the parties and on reporting. What does each of these elements represent?
It is advisable to generate reporting in stages, especially if the terms of reference are large. As soon as a certain stage of work has been completed, reporting can be submitted (required). In addition, such a system allows you to keep the performer in good shape. Otherwise, he can do everything at the last moment, and therefore, of extremely poor quality.
What can be said about the liability of the parties? It is immediately worth noting that such a clause is not mandatory. However, many customers still find it necessary to regulate the main types of fines, penalties and sanctions for various violations. It is advisable to indicate the main elements of responsibility in documents such as technical specifications for procurement, transportation, etc.
Drawing up technical specifications
Any technical assignment (for supply, construction, transportation, etc.) must be drawn up very competently and efficiently. This is necessary, firstly, so that in the future there will be no legal proceedings, disputes and conflicts due to misunderstandings between the parties. And secondly, for simple convenience. Not every customer is able to competently draw up technical specifications. Often lawyers are hired for this matter, although there is little point in doing so.
You just have to remember a few simple rules:
- the contract must be detailed and detailed (however, there is no need to exaggerate; it is unlikely that at least one contractor will want to read multi-volume comments on the requirements);
- the contract must be clear, without confusion and unnecessary information;
- the task should not be some kind of dogma; It is worth remembering that this is only an indication, albeit a strictly regulated one - be it a technical task for maintenance or for planting trees.
All the advice that was given above is only a small part of what could be talked about. However, you can still give customers a couple of guidelines. Thus, the terms of reference (for maintenance or construction) can be built according to a template. It is not necessary to take this template from somewhere; So, if writing a contract for the provision of services is a fairly common task, then creating a couple of cliches for yourself will not be so difficult.
It is worth recalling how important it is to check the standards: be it GOST, regulatory or legal acts, local acts, etc.
Carry out in accordance with technical specifications, current requirements regulatory documents. The project will provide:
1.Power supply
The project will provide the required number of distribution (main) electrical panels that are power supply centers for large tenants (grocery hypermarket, electronics supermarket, etc.)
2.Main distribution board (MSB)
Provide for the installation of the required number of main switchboards. Each main switchboard must have two main busbar sections with automatic circuit breakers. Provide a sectional switch between the sections.
The technical characteristics of the main switchboard should be determined by the project, using component equipment from IEK or other certified equipment.
Main switchboard cabinets-0.4 kV must have one- or two-way service (to be specified by the design). In each main switchboard (ASU), it is necessary to provide a reserve of 15% of automatic circuit breakers of outgoing lines and a reserve of 15% of free space for the possible installation of additional equipment (circuit breakers, etc.).
3. Electricity metering
Commercial electricity metering should be provided on the main switchboard inlet panels with calculated three-phase meters.
4. Electrical group boards
Group switchboards should be wall-mounted or floor-mounted in housings with a protection class of at least IP20. In technical and wet rooms, install shields with a protection class of at least IP44. Use circuit breakers as protection devices for group cables extending from switchboards. Switches should be used as input switching devices in switchboards. Use thermal relays as motor overload protection devices.
Develop emergency lighting panels (ELB). Switchboards must be equipped with contactors, lighting control using buttons and switches. Develop power supply panels for power sockets and working lighting (SCHW).
Develop power supply boards for rental areas (PSB).
Develop power supply panels for computer sockets (SC) for office premises.
Develop power supply panels for process equipment (ES).
The switchboards (shells) will be manufactured by Schneider Electric and IEK.
Switching and protective equipment will be manufactured by Schneider Electric and IEK.
5. Main cable routes
The main cable routes should be made with hot-dip galvanized steel ladder-type cable shelves and sheet cable trays or wire trays.
Lay electric and low-current cables on different cable shelves or one at a time through a metal partition.
The supply main lines should be made with PVC insulated cable. Lay the cables openly on cable shelves. Supply cables (to distribution boards) must have a capacity reserve of 10-15%. All metal cable structures are grounded
6. Electrical wiring
For electrical wiring, use PVC insulated cables with copper conductors. Lay cables:
Hidden in PVC pipes behind suspended ceilings;
Hidden in PVC pipes in fines with subsequent sealing;
Open on cable shelves;
Open in decorative cable ducts and baseboards (office premises).
The type of cable laying in the room is determined in accordance with the preliminary design. Make the electrical wiring replaceable.
7. Electrical and electrical installation products
Develop a power network for household outlets. Distribute sockets throughout the premises based on the location of technological equipment and household needs. All electrical installation products must be of the appropriate protection category depending on the category of the room.
To connect personal computers, provide for the installation of four power sockets at workplaces, two of which must be powered from the power distribution network of computers from the corresponding switchboards.
8. Electric lighting
The project will provide for the following types of lighting in the building premises: working, emergency.
The voltage of the general lighting network is 380/220 V, the voltage on the lamps is 220 V, the voltage of repair lighting is -36 V.
To illuminate the premises, use lamps with fluorescent lamps, halogen lamps and incandescent lamps in accordance with the purpose of the premises, architectural and technical requirements.
Along evacuation routes, provide for the installation of illuminated signs with a stencil on the front side indicating the direction of exit. Connect the light indicators to the emergency lighting network.
Provide a power reserve for the installation of advertising design for facades, displays, and shop windows according to the data provided by the Customer.
Provide lighting for corridors, passages, rooms general purpose. Tenants shall not provide lighting.
Use lamps produced by Lighting Technologies.
Electrical installation products are manufactured by Schneider Electric and DKS.
Cable support systems – DKS.
9.Power supply for fire protection systems
The power supply for fire alarm systems, smoke removal systems and air pressure should be provided from the ATS section of the main switchboard, or from two of two inputs (provide for the installation of an ATS device locally).
Lay mutually redundant fire protection system cables along different routes.
10.Grounding
Use a TN-C-S type grounding system. Use the reinforced concrete foundation of the building as a grounding device (if necessary, make an external lightning protection circuit from a 5x40 strip). The project will provide for a potential equalization system.
11.Lightning protection
Lightning protection of the building must be carried out in accordance with RD 34.21.122-87.
12.Transformer substation and main switchboard
Provide a built-in transformer substation.
Accept the following equipment:
high voltage switchgear - brand RM-6 manufactured by Schneider Electric;
low voltage switchgear - based on components (switching devices, switchboards, etc.) manufactured by Schneider Electric;
Transformers are dry grade Trihal manufactured by Schneider Electric.
Have you decided to build your own? Vacation home to be able to enjoy peace, quiet and clean air in free time? We can only congratulate you! Yes, a lot of trouble awaits you - buying a plot, building a house, resolving legal issues, but the result is definitely worth it.
But before starting construction, you should transfer the technical specifications for the design of the building to specialists in order to receive a full-fledged project of the future house.
Example of a building project
Before you start drawing up a full-fledged house project, you need to do some preliminary work. And draw up a document on the basis of which architects will work to bring it to life. This document will be the technical specification for the design of the house.
It presents normative and technical requirements, the purpose of the future structure, the time limits for the work and many other important things for construction. The preparation of this document involves various measurements and studies.
Here many people have a question: is the project needed at all? After all, a small house of one or two floors is being built, not a skyscraper! So is the project a necessity or will it be a waste of money in this case? This is a very serious issue that should be dealt with before making important decisions.
This document is a fundamental element of the project, and consequently of the construction itself. This document regulates the relationship between the client and the contractor.
According to the technical specifications, the work is carried out in the prescribed manner, the principles and tasks of the performer’s activities are determined. Thus, it turns out that according to this document, the client can visit the facility under construction and check the compliance of the work performed with the design documentation.
At the same time, for the contractor, the terms of reference for designing a house are all the necessary data that give a complete picture of the parameters of the planned construction and the opportunity to actually draw up a specific plan for its implementation.
First you need to decide on the disadvantages - there are significantly fewer of them. Or rather, just two:
- You will have to spend a good amount of money on designing the house. In some cases, the cost of the project reaches 3-5% of the cost of the house, which scares off potential home owners;
- When the task of completing a project is delegated to specialists, you will not always be able to quickly see the result of the work. Some companies, not valuing their client’s time, can provide a finished project only after a few months.
This is where the construction shortcomings of the project end. The following are the only advantages that, in the opinion of most people, outweigh the disadvantages:
As you can see, there are significantly more pros than cons. Now you can decide for yourself whether you should spend money on construction design or whether you should try to do all the work without a project.
Is having a project a legal necessity?
Often people who decide to build their own home simply do not know whether they will receive a building permit if they do not have a project for the future structure. Because of this, they cannot make the right decision. In some cases, they waste money in vain, and in others, they start work only to find out very soon that the construction is being carried out illegally.
IN Town Planning Code there is article No. 51, which says that you can obtain a construction permit without finished project. So, only the developer himself makes the decision whether to spend money on the project or not.
However, there are certain limitations here.
The area of the house should be no more than 1500 m2, and the house itself should not have more than 3 floors.
Although, such houses are built by an extremely small number of people, and those who can afford it will probably not be forced to save money, and will be able to afford the services of even the most expensive designer.
How a project is created
A project can be created in different ways. Some future home owners prefer to do all the work themselves. How justified is this and is it acceptable at all? This will be discussed below.
An alternative to drawing up a project yourself is to enter into a cooperation agreement with a specialized company. In this case, you will only have to draw up technical specifications - the specialists will do all the rest of the work themselves. However, such a statement can frankly frighten many inexperienced people.
Sample cooperation agreementWhen developing this document, the features of specific construction work. It is the specifics of the future construction that determine the specific design of the assignment. In this case, the client must necessarily transfer to the contractor all the initial documents, including permitting papers on the approval of the site of future construction, investment justification, and the site selection act.
The terms of reference for designing a house should be drawn up taking into account information on the implementation of a set of activities in research, architectural, planning and development areas. Also, the document must necessarily reflect the possibility of connecting the future building to engineering systems and communications.
In fact, technical specifications are often drawn up during a normal conversation with specialists. You will be asked leading questions, and from the answers received, a technical specification is formed, on the basis of which the design of your house will be developed.
Typically the questions might be:
- Structure, what shape and size are you planning to order?
- Will it be connected to utility networks, and if so, which ones?
- What materials will be used during construction?
- What should be the design of the main elements?
- What construction timeframe suits you?
- How much money are you willing to spend on building a house?
As you can see, these are quite simple questions that can be answered by every person who has at least a vague idea of their future home. Based on your answers, specialists will be able to draw up a detailed project.
Moreover, most often several projects are compiled so that you can choose exactly the one that suits your taste. By the way, the best solution would be to entrust the design of the house and its construction to one company.
This will achieve several benefits:
- You can get a certain discount, since you order a whole range of services from one company (with such significant costs, even a savings of 1-2% will amount to a considerable amount).
- If any defects are discovered during the operation of the building, you know exactly who was responsible for their occurrence, and you can go to court. If the project was developed by one company, and the construction of the house was carried out by another, there is a high probability that representatives of the companies will blame each other, which is why it will be almost impossible to find a solution.
We create the project ourselves
So, you have decided to develop a project according to which your dream home will be built. As mentioned above, legally this is quite legal - you can simply sketch out an approximate project, which will indicate the shape and size of the premises, and start construction based on this project. As a result, you can save tens of thousands of rubles. But is this method always optimal?
Mistakes of self-designing a house
The advantages of such a solution include savings and short deadlines, but that’s where the advantages end. But the risk of making mistakes is quite high if you have never developed building projects. In addition, poor market knowledge building materials often does not allow amateurs to choose the most effective technologies and solutions. It is possible that the resulting house will be very different from the one you imagined in your dreams.
In general, independent design is only permissible in cases where you are building a small country house. In many cases, its low weight eliminates the need to use a massive foundation. In addition, if it will be used only in the warm season, there is no need to connect it to a variety of communications - the only exception is electricity.
Professional foundation waterproofingIf the house needs quality foundation, reliable vapor barrier and thermal insulation, and for comfortable year-round living it is necessary to connect heating, cold and hot water supply, sewerage and gasification, it would be better to entrust the work to professionals. An amateur simply will not be able to take into account all the nuances, as a result of which a lot of effort, time and money will be spent, and the built house will leave much to be desired.
A technical specification is an initial document intended to design development construction project, containing all data about the object and all the characteristics that the object should have after completion of work. Judging by the text composition, we can say that the terms of reference for construction are an example of what the customer wants.
Approximate content of technical specifications
The ideal completed technical specification for construction design should include all the information that the client can provide.
The customer must clearly understand what he wants to get as a result and convey this information to the contractor.
The terms of reference usually consist of the following sections.
Total information
This section should contain the following information (at the discretion of the customer):
- Justification for construction - an order from the head of the customer organization or another document.
- Type of construction - newly started, reconstruction or other.
- Full name of the customer organization.
- Information about the features of the site allocated for construction - geological features, type of soil, location of groundwater, presence of vegetation for felling.
- Basic requirements for the object: type of object, purpose, number of floors, possibility of use standard projects or only individual, the building area and the permissibility of using the underground space of the site.
- Construction sequence - if there is a sequence for launching equipment or installations at the site.
- Required start and completion dates for construction. Desired date of completion of the object. This point must be present in any technical specification. The date of delivery of the object must be earlier or coincide with the date of the concluded contract.
- The degree of reliability of the building (in accordance with the requirements of GOST 54257-2010).
- Design characteristics - number of stages.
- Availability of initial documentation for construction, including all permits.
Design requirements
- Completeness urban planning solutions— the need for landscaping and landscaping of the site. This paragraph should also contain requirements for the placement of the construction project on the site.
- Facility architecture, including façade solutions and building energy efficiency solutions. In this paragraph you can specify the number of balconies, windows, the placement of the main and emergency exits and their design.
- Peculiarities constructive solutions: expected type of foundation, walls and ceilings.
- Finishing solutions: the possibility of using local or imported materials, recommendations for their use and choice of colors.
- Engineering solutions: efficient location of utility networks, including solutions for optimizing water supply and wastewater disposal.
- Energy supply of the facility and its efficiency. This item can even include the required number of sockets in each room.
- Lighting design. The clause may include a requirement to carry out the necessary calculations for lighting standards for each room at the facility.
- The need to design security systems (security and fire alarms or both security and fire alarms separately), data transmission systems and other systems (ventilation, heating, air conditioning).
- Infrastructure of the facility and site - availability of parking lots, pedestrian paths, and well-maintained access roads.
- Customer requirements for the content of design and estimate documents and the form of their submission.
- The need for feasibility studies of all calculations.
Additional instructions
This paragraph should indicate those customer requirements that are not reflected in the previous paragraphs. For example, the availability of demonstration materials, the need to develop various passports for the future facility, the number of copies of project documentation.
As practice shows, such a complete construction task is developed only in cases of large, newly organized construction of facilities, including shopping centers and residential complexes. Information on each item should be as complete as the customer deems necessary.
Options for designing technical specifications
There are no uniform requirements for the preparation of technical specifications.
That is, the form of the task is almost arbitrary, but as understandable as possible for the performer. You can complete the task in the form of continuous formatted text, or you can do it in tabular form.
- Technical assignment No. 1. Variant of questions that should contain technical specifications for the construction of a house of the future (smart home). This option is suitable for particularly demanding customers when planning large individual residential construction.
- Technical assignment No. 2. A ready-made technical specification for the design of a hotel, which maximally reflects the requirements for construction in general and design features object.
- Technical assignment No. 3. This example is a technical specification for the construction and design of a warehouse complex with office premises, written in continuous text.
- Explanation of the technical specification form (with examples) from the developer protection center. This page provides samples of approved assignments for different types works
Responsibility when drawing up technical specifications
When drawing up a document such as a technical specification for the construction of a building, the customer needs to clearly formulate all the important points. The content of the assignment should not cause controversial issues or ambiguity. This document has legal weight and is necessarily attached to the agreement between the contractor and the customer in the form of one of the main appendices. The immediate executor bears administrative responsibility for the correctness of the assignment.
- Raiffeisen Online: personal account for individuals Raiffeisenbank connect login
- How to connect Raiffeisenbank mobile bank: activation methods and advantages of the service Raiffeisen Bank application
- Raiffeisenbank personal account: registration, password change and service management
- Personal experience: how I refinanced my mortgage