Make the foundation for the veranda made of wood. The foundation for the veranda to the house
Column foundation- these are concrete, brick or wooden supports, independent from each other. The cheapest kind monolithic foundation, suitable for the construction of light extensions on it - terraces, verandas, awnings. The device does not require special engineering surveys however, there are difficulties. How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda - features and mistakes when working independently.
Advantages of a columnar foundation and its disadvantages
The former include the relatively low cost of construction. There is no impressive mass of concrete, as when pouring a monolithic tape or slab. However, the disadvantages are also significant:
- Only low buildings can be erected on pillars. This type of foundation is not suitable for cottages and mansions. The veranda should be made of wood only - bricks or blocks will require a different base.
- There is no possibility to arrange a basement or cellar.
- In the winter period, it is possible that snow will be swept under the house, which will significantly affect the constant heat loss and excessive consumption of energy carriers. To eliminate the problem, a pick-up is made - a semblance of an obstacle for the described problems, but it does not solve them on a full scale.
- The uneven shrinkage of the pillars encourages the owners to start building faster, without putting things on the back burner. In the future, due to the nature of the soil, repairs may be required using jacks and hired force.
The procedure for the construction of the foundation
Any foundation requires adherence to sequential actions, a kind of algorithm. So:
- Cleaning and marking the site.
- Digging holes.
- Pit preparation - depreciation, reinforcement, formwork.
- Fill.
Each step should be covered in more detail:
Further, the grillage is laid on the pillars. A steel channel can act in this capacity - it will reliably tie all the pillars together, and shrinkage will occur much more evenly than without it. The channel is fixed to the ends of the reinforcement coming out of the posts, then the rods are bent with a sledgehammer.
Brick and wooden poles under the veranda
A columnar foundation can be made not only of a monolith, but also of any building material - wood or brick. Although such options, especially natural ones, are not popular due to their fragility and susceptibility to destruction due to damage or stress. They can only be used for light outdoor terraces or verandas.
Brick pillars
The processes for marking holes and digging them out do not differ from the device of a monolith. It is only important to observe the size for the stable position of the stones. Further:
- Sand and crushed stone cushion is spilled with molten bitumen. This will allow the surface of the bricks to remain without excess moisture.
- The masonry takes place "round". A small gap is left in the center for the reinforcing bar. It is stuck into the gap and then bricked up, seeing the structure to the desired height.
- Remaining voids should be filled up and filled with cement mortar.
- The finished pillars are checked for compliance with the level and completely repaired. This is done with all racks, regardless of whether they fall under the mass of precipitation or not.
Wooden pillars
The sequence of work when using wooden pillars for the construction of the foundation:
- Similar site preparation.
- Wooden posts must be prepared before the tab. This is usually a larch species, as it is the most resistant to moisture. The diameter of the log should not be less than 25 cm. The ends of the logs are covered with a special compound, and the "body" is waterproofed with liquid bitumen. But this method is not very good for wood, as it clogs the pores, and natural supports quickly lose strength due to decay.
- Wooden pillars should be "inserted" perpendicular to the plane of the site, otherwise the skew is inevitable. To do this, they use construction waste, which is poured into voids - it will support the log in the desired position. Next is the fill.
The foundation on timber posts has one plus: it can always be adjusted to the desired height. However, the disadvantages of such supports are much more, and owners who seek to save money on this, the benefit will subsequently seem mythical.
Errors in the self-erection of a columnar foundation
Often, inexperienced builders neglect the advice of professionals, which they ultimately regret. To avoid wasted time and materials, you should consider the most common of them in advance in order to prevent this from happening in the future. So, what do amateurs usually “sin” with and what cannot be done:
- Choose a columnar foundation bypassing the project. If the owners believe that there is no difference between a monolith or a brick, then disappointment will come very quickly.
- Do not take into account the peculiarities of the terrain when constructing monolithic pillars. The depth of freezing and the height of groundwater are not toys. If we add to this the capriciousness of the soil, then the low height or depth of the pillars will become risky even for the veranda, which, crumbling, will entail a residential object. The monolith will need to be carefully waterproofed and insulated, and before leaving for shrinkage, carefully measure the height of each pillar.
- Do not set up a grillage. Still, it plays the role of essential stability of the annex. If you immediately make a wooden trim from a bar, there is a risk of fracture of the bearing beams when the veranda is voluminous, especially for log options.
- You cannot dig holes for filling without expanding them below by a couple of centimeters on each side. This will be a kind of platform for the pillar, and each time will receive reinforcement and stability.
- Arranging a veranda on a columnar foundation made of bricks or blocks - such bases are not intended for heavy buildings, even if it is an open veranda.
Mistakes made lead to the fact that the foundation will require replacement or, at best, repair. How to replace the post under the veranda without damaging the structure - more on that below.
Repair of a monolithic support post
Several jacks are required to work. Each of them must be located on the same line where the replacement takes place. Immediately you need to prepare everything you need to make a new pillar, depending on the previous design. Further:
- Lifting is carried out slowly and consistently - 1 cm for each jack. Be sure to monitor the condition of the sex lags or veranda crowns. If possible, it is advisable to disassemble the extension in the place where the replacement takes place.
- When the required height is met, the destroyed post is pulled out with crowbars and taken out in parts or in whole from the pit.
- Check the condition of the pit. If it is full of dampness, then it is worth scooping out the shock-absorbing layers from there, drying the soil and then refilling it. Do not forget to stick in the reinforcing bars.
- Next, they are filled. The method is similar - with exposing the formwork, insulation and waterproofing.
When the period for solidification of the supports has expired, the jacks begin to lower slowly, as well as when lifting - by 1 cm for each jack. You can repair other types of columnar foundation in a similar way.
How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda with your own hands: sequence
Veranda on a columnar foundation: the advantages and disadvantages of the foundation, the main stages of work and their characteristics, the use of brick and wooden pillars, possible mistakes and ways to solve them
The veranda allows you to profitably expand the useful space of a residential building. In a properly built and well-equipped extension, you can comfortably spend time both in warm and cold seasons.
The extension is best erected so that it closes the front door in main house... Therefore, you will not be able to build a veranda on any desired side of the already finished main building. Otherwise, the veranda will be torn off from the main building and you will have to enter it across the street.
The dimensions of the extension are selected individually. For a family of 3-6 people, a veranda measuring 3x4 m is enough.It is also important to consider general form from the street. For example, if you live in a large two- or even three-story house, and the veranda is very small, the overall architectural ensemble will turn out to be inharmonious. For compact houses, you can safely attach verandas the width of the entire wall of the main building - it looks great.
Important note! Regardless of the chosen dimensions and, in general, the features of the extension, its construction must first be legalized. To do this, you must have a project on hand. You can find it in open sources or order it from a specialized company.
WITH finished project head to your local architecture department. The department staff will study your project, make the necessary changes and issue a permit. Keep in mind that it takes about 2-3 months on average to consider and approve a project, so it is most profitable to deal with this issue in winter, before the start of the construction season.
Construction site marking
We start preparing our construction site.
First step. We remove about 150 mm of the top layer of soil around the perimeter of the future building and take it to flower beds, to a vegetable garden or another place.
Second step. Align the resulting indentation.
Third step. We carry out the markup. First, focusing on the project, we drive in metal or wooden pins in the corners of the site, then in the same way we drive in intermediate pegs every 1-1.5 m, and then we pull the rope between the pins. We will be guided by it in the process of arranging the foundation.
Making the foundation
Most often, verandas are built on the bases of a columnar or belt type... The depth of the support is taken equal to the depth of the foundation of the main house. It is strongly not recommended to tie the main support to the foundation of the extension, because these structures will have very different weights. Consequently, the degree of their shrinkage will also differ. To prevent a heavy house from pulling a relatively light extension, the latter must be erected on separate foundation... To do this, leave an approximately 3-4 cm gap between the foundations.
An important point! When choosing the type of foundation, take into account, first of all, the characteristics of the soil in your region and the total mass of the veranda. For the construction of heavy structures on heaving soils monolithic are best suited. Lightweight structures, for example, made of wood, can be built on columnar supports.
Tape base
The tape-type foundation is optimal for the further construction of a veranda on it from building blocks or bricks. The thickness of the base, as already noted, we maintain equal to the thickness of the foundation of the house. If this is a new building, keep the thickness at the level of 70-80 cm.
First step. We dig a trench around the perimeter of the walls of the extension.
Second step. We align the bottom and walls of the trench, made of wooden boards or shields, according to the height of the future concrete support.
Third step. We consistently fill the bottom of the trench with a 10-centimeter layer of sand and the same layer of gravel with the obligatory compaction of each ball of backfill.
Fourth step. We lay a reinforcing mesh of 10-12 mm rods. The recommended mesh size is 10x10 cm. So the base will be as strong as possible.
Fifth step. Pour concrete made from a portion of cement, three portions of sand, 4-5 portions of gravel and water.
Thoroughly level the fill and leave it to dry and gain strength for 3-4 weeks. In the heat, we spill concrete every day to prevent cracking.
Columnar base
Perfect for a veranda made of timber or polycarbonate. It is recommended to make pits for pillars 80-110 cm deep. If the veranda is small (up to about 3x4 m), it will be enough to install supports in the corners. However, professional builders recommend installing intermediate racks for any size of the veranda. We maintain the distance between the supports within 0.8-1 m.
First step. Digging holes in the places of the future filling of the pillars. The most convenient way to do this is with a drill.
Second step. We fill the bottom of each depression with a 15-20 cm layer of sand. Additionally, it is recommended to add about 10 cm of crushed stone. We tamp each layer.
Third step. Pour concrete to ground level and let it harden.
Fourth step. We coat the finished concrete supports with bitumen.
Fifth step. We fill up with sand the cracks between the ground and the supports.
Sixth step. We erect the above-ground part of the pillars made of bricks. We make the height equal to the height of the foundation of the main house.
Making a rough floor
The floor can be wood or concrete. For example, in a frame veranda made of wooden beams, a wooden floor will be more appropriate. Concrete pouring will best fit into the brick extension.
We do a wooden sub-floor like this:
- we fix the lower strapping beam on the foundation. We use suitable fasteners, for example, an anchor. To connect the bars directly, we first make selections at their joints and additionally fasten them with galvanized nails;
- we attach wooden logs to the lower strapping. We maintain the step at a level of 50 cm - so the floor will definitely not fall through. We use the connection option described above;
- fill up the space between the lags with expanded clay;
- we make flooring from unedged boards or plywood with a thickness of about 50 mm. We fasten the flooring elements to the joists with galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.
We do the concrete screed as follows:
- fill the base with a 10-centimeter layer of sand;
- pour a layer on top;
- we lay the reinforcing mesh. For the floor of the veranda, a grid of rods with a diameter of 6-8 mm with cells of 25x25 cm is enough;
- pour concrete.
Important! The screed should be as flat as possible. We carry out the work with the obligatory use of the level.
We build a wooden veranda
Basic material properties
Wood is one of the most popular and ancient building materials. Even after all kinds of blocks and other budgetary and easy-to-arrange elements appeared on the market, wood practically did not give up its positions.
Almost everyone can handle the construction of a simple frame wooden veranda. You just need to correctly mount the frame racks and sew them up with shields, clapboard or other suitable material.
The indisputable advantage of wood is its environmental friendliness, beautiful appearance and comparative light weight... The latter property allows you to abandon the arrangement of expensive and difficult to build foundations.
The main disadvantage of a wooden veranda is its fire hazard - the installation of a barbecue in such an extension or in the immediate vicinity of it is a very important event that requires taking into account many nuances and trifles. Therefore, it is better to take the source of fire somewhere farther outside the wooden veranda.
Another significant disadvantage of wood is its poor tolerance to high humidity, which is why the material needs serious pre-treatment with special ones. Without such preparation, the wood will rot very quickly.
Construction procedure
For the construction of the frame, we use a high quality wooden beam with a section of 100x100 mm. We already have the lower harness and the subfloor, so we continue to work, adhering to the instructions below.
First step. Cut out grooves in the lower trim bar for installing vertical supports. We maintain a half-meter step.
Second step. We install vertical racks. To fasten the frame elements, we use staples and screws or nails.
Important! The roof of our veranda, as noted, will be sloped. Therefore, the vertical beam, installed at the lower point of the slope, is made 50 cm below the opposite racks.
Third step. We mount the upper strapping beam. At higher racks, no questions will arise - we perform the connections in the same way as in the previous stages.
When installing the strapping of lower supports, we do the following: first, we connect the posts longitudinally with a strapping bar, and then fix the transverse crossbars connecting the high and low posts at the height of the low posts. With high uprights, we fasten the crossbeams using pre-created grooves and nails.
Fourth step. The top harness is ready. The resulting slope will allow us to lay the rafters for the roof. Additionally, we nail the girder near the roof slope. We use anchor bolts to fasten the beam to all the supports. For greater reliability, it is recommended to fasten the strapping beam with transverse boards or beams, if possible and necessary (we focus on the weight of the future roofing material). We will attach racks and struts to them for greater strength of the rafter system.
Fifth step. We mount it with a step of 50 cm. For this we use a wooden beam with a section of 100x200 mm. The connection of structural elements is performed using any of the previously considered methods.
Sixth step. We sheathe the frame. For interior cladding, lining is perfect, for exterior - siding or other material. We lay layers of hydro and thermal insulation between the materials of the outer and inner cladding. We attach the film to the frame. The position of the insulation is fixed with transverse slats. The finishing material is also attached to them. When trimming, do not forget to leave openings for windows and doors.
Prices for various types of timber
Brick verandas
Basic information about building material
Brick is great for the construction of capital verandas. In a building made of this material, it will be cool in the summer and, provided that the insulation is done correctly, it will be warm in the winter. Brickwork is durable, fireproof and unpretentious to maintain.
The main disadvantage of a brick building is its heavy weight. Such structures are erected exclusively on the basis of which does not have the best effect on the total cost of construction.
The procedure for erecting a veranda
The foundation is ready and waterproofed, the screed is poured, the base is flat and does not require any additional preparatory measures. Let's start laying out the walls.
Pre-select the appropriate type of masonry. The simplest options, perfect for self-erecting a veranda, are as follows:
- spoon masonry. The final wall thickness will be 120 mm;
- bonded masonry. Wall thickness - 250 mm;
- chain masonry. Allows to obtain walls with a thickness of 380 mm.
First step. We attach a docking cord at two opposite ends of the foundation with a tie. It should run along the edge of the base.
Second step. We expose the corner bricks along the cord, and then fill the space between them in accordance with the chosen masonry method. For bonding building elements we use standard cement mortar.
Third step. We check the evenness of the first row and in the same way we lay out the walls to the desired height, not forgetting to leave openings for doors and windows.
Important! will be inclined, therefore, the wall that falls on the bottom of the slope, as well as the side walls adjacent to it, are made one row lower in comparison with the wall supporting the top of the roof.
Having laid out the last row of walls, we equip the armopoyas. To do this, we fix a formwork with a height of about 70 mm on each wall along the upper surface of the walls, set anchor bolts in the corners, lay reinforcing bars and pour concrete.
We let the concrete harden, and then we attach a strapping made of a wooden beam with a section of 10x10 cm to the anchor bolts.The further procedure for arranging the rafter system remains similar to the situation with
If the veranda is planned to be used throughout the year, the walls can be laid in two rows, filling the gap between the rows with thermal insulation material. For single masonry, we carry out insulation, moisture insulation and interior decoration by analogy with a wooden veranda. The exterior finish is at your discretion. You can simply sew the seams neatly and be done with it.
Masonry size | Length, L | Width, B | Height, Н | Number of bricks excluding thickness mortar joint, PCS. | Number of bricks taking into account the thickness mortar joint 10 mm, PCS. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 cubic meter single brick masonry | 250 | 120 | 65 | 512 | 394 |
1 cubic meter thick brick masonry | 250 | 120 | 88 | 378 | 302 |
250 | 120 | 65 | 61 | 51 | |
1 sq. m masonry in half a brick (masonry thickness 120 mm) | 250 | 120 | 88 | 45 | 39 |
1 sq. m of masonry in one brick (masonry thickness 250 mm) | 250 | 120 | 65 | 128 | 102 |
250 | 120 | 65 | 189 | 153 | |
1 sq. m masonry in one and a half bricks (masonry thickness 380 mm) | 250 | 120 | 88 | 140 | 117 |
250 | 120 | 65 | 256 | 204 | |
1 sq. m masonry in two bricks (masonry thickness 510 mm) | 250 | 120 | 88 | 190 | 156 |
| 250 | 250 | 65 | 317 | 255 |
1 sq. m masonry in two and a half bricks (masonry thickness 640 mm) | 250 | 250 | 88 | 235 | 195 |
Prices for building and facing bricks
Building and facing bricks
We make the roof of the veranda
And the rafters are installed. It remains to make the crate, mount the insulating layers and lay the finishing roofing material.
The lathing can be solid (for roll materials) and sparse (for sheet roofing). We make a continuous crate from OSB boards. To do this, we attach them to the rafters with a 1-centimeter gap. We fasten the sparse sheathing beams with a step recommended by the manufacturer of the selected roofing material. On average, it is 30-35 cm. For fastening the battens to the rafters, we use galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.
Fill the cells between the battens with mineral wool for thermal insulation. We lay a waterproofing film on top and attach it to the crate using a stapler with staples. In the case of arranging a solid lathing, we fix the thermal insulation from the inside of the room. We provide the fixation of the insulation plates with the help of transverse slats, nailing them to the crate.
In the end, it remains to mount. It is best to match the roof covering of the main house. For the rest, we focus on our preferences and available budget.
We finish the floor
If the subfloor is wooden, we put insulation in the space between them and stuff the flooring of edged boards to the logs. We paint and varnish the boards.
Over concrete screed you can also equip the boardwalk, similar to the previous method, or lay another material at your discretion, for example, linoleum.
In the end, the door remains, furnish it at your discretion and connect lighting if necessary. We will not pull the wiring. It is enough to remove the extension cord from the house and turn on the necessary lighting fixtures.
Happy work!
Video - Veranda with your own hands
The first thing you need to do when building your deck is to build a foundation. This is the basis of all the foundations, without which any construction will not stand for a year. This is the most crucial stage in the construction, so it must be approached with special responsibility. Before building a terrace, you need to think about which foundation is better, study the technology of its construction, all the pros and cons, and only then equip it and start building a veranda or terrace.
If everything is done correctly, then the veranda or terrace will be durable and will serve you for a long time. Let's find out in more detail how to make the foundation for the terrace and what you can choose from.
Rules for choosing a foundation for a terrace
Next, we will consider the types of bases for the terrace, but in order to make the right choice, you need to consider some rules. To begin with, everyone should engage in geodetic studies in order to find out the type of soil on the site, the depth of its freezing and the level of passage of groundwater. In addition, if you are making a veranda or terrace near the house, then you do not need to arrange the same foundation as at the house and combine them into one. This is fraught with the fact that the influence of the house and the veranda on the ground will be uneven.
Note! As for the depth, the foundation should be at the same level.
In the event that the groundwater is high, it is better to resort to using a columnar or screw foundation... If the soil on the site is not porous, then you can think about a strip base. If you make the wrong choice, your terrace may not last long. The base will deform, like the rest of the structure.
What can you choose from? What features does a terrace have?
Choosing a foundation for a terrace
The terrace is a special building that has striking differences from the house. For example, the total weight of the house reaches several tons, so you need to fill in the foundation that would withstand such a load and stand for a long time. In addition, other factors are taken into account, such as the depth of the groundwater and the freezing point of the soil. But the terrace cannot boast of such weight. This means that the type of foundation may be different. It is clear that a terrace without a foundation will not be able to stand for a long time. However, you can choose your foundation from this list:
These are the most optimal foundation options that can be used for a veranda or terrace. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages and is suitable in one case or another. For example, the use of tape is appropriate if the terrace will have a lot of weight due to the columns with a canopy, the type of material or furniture and accessories that will be used. Strip foundation durable, runs along the entire perimeter of the terrace. However, its construction will require a lot of money, time, effort and materials.
Much better would be the use of pile or columnar structures. They are cheap, reliable and much easier to work with. In this article, we will look at the use of a columnar foundation, as it is one of the most popular. Some even argue that it is the best. Is it so? Let's look at the features of the foundation of the pillars, its advantages and the method of construction.
Column foundation - a reliable and practical foundation
Many people know why the columnar foundation is called that. If you are not one of these people, then let's say that this type of foundation consists of supports (pillars) that are dug into the ground and concreted. Different materials can be used as pillars:
- Bricks laid out in supports.
- Blocks.
- Rubble concrete.
- Reinforced concrete.
- Asbestos-cement pipes.
The columnar foundation for your terrace can be made of brickwork or reinforced concrete. Nevertheless, this decision will be entirely yours. And on top of the supports, a strapping is made of wood, metal or concrete. In the photo you can see the finished columnar foundation.
And why is the columnar foundation considered so good? There are several reasons for this:
- The cost of its construction is simply minimal. All you need is to dig holes, make supports and strapping. In this case, no heavy equipment is involved, all the work can be done by yourself, which makes the cost even lower.
- Construction speed. If a strip or slab foundation can be erected for a month or more (a month is needed only for the drying of concrete, and marking is also done, earthworks, formwork and reinforcement, pouring). But a columnar base can be made in a few days.
- Can be used for heaving, wet and frozen soils. It is versatile.
- The construction work is quite simple, so even an inexperienced user can handle them. You just need to have clear directions, material and enthusiasm.
- The base turns out to be durable and reliable, so your terrace will serve you for many years without collapsing or deforming.
All these advantages made the pillar foundations ideal for terraces. If you are determined to build it, then the further information is just for you. You will learn all about the columnar foundation.
We prepare a site for construction
First, you need to draw up a clear plan or design for your terrace. You can make it yourself or find it ready-made. Already based on the plan, you can create a foundation, knowing all the dimensions. Most often terraces are made in the size of 3 by 5. This is not a rule, so you can choose any size.
Now you can start preparing the site. Here are all the steps:
Note! If your soil is sandy, then the sand in the pillow is replaced with rubble. After tamping, the crushed stone should be poured with molten bitumen.
At this stage, the land works are coming to an end. We can say that half of the work has already been done, there is very little left. The next task is to install the supports.
We erect supports for the foundation
Further work directly depends on the type of supports that you have chosen. Let's start with asbestos pipes. The sequence of work with them is as follows:
Supports made of blocks or bricks
Here the work is carried out in a completely different direction. The pits for the supports can be dug square. The blocks themselves must be selected from expanded clay concrete or from other heavy concrete. All work consists in erecting supports using blocks or bricks. This is a specific job that requires some skill. One pillar takes from 4 to 7 blocks, the size of which is 20 × 20 × 40.
It should be borne in mind that each post should be the same in height with the other. The work uses a plumb line and a level. Only now you need to control it not at the end of the laying, when it will be difficult to change something, but in the process. This is how you can get even and identical support pillars. To connect the piping to the foundation, the reinforcement rod should be bricked up in the center.
Advice! If the depth of the pits exceeds one meter, then ideally make formwork and spacers from the boards. In this case, each pit must match in width, since an additional support must be installed.
So that after work and during the operation of the terrace or veranda, the pillars do not settle, a reinforced concrete pillow can be made at the bottom. When the mortar in the masonry has frozen, you can remove the formwork and fill the resulting void with rubble or fill it with concrete. Now we can say that your columnar foundation for your veranda or terrace is ready. There is only a little left.
Grillage device
A grillage is a foundation strapping, or a kind of rigid sole. Thanks to it, the weight of the terrace or veranda will be evenly distributed over all the support pillars of the base. The grillage is made of beams, metal profiles or reinforced concrete. The easiest option for a terrace is a tree. And thanks to the reinforcement rods that have been walled up in the supports, you can make a strong connection between the posts and the strapping.
But, before laying the boards, you should take care of waterproofing. To do this, you need to lay several layers of roofing material on each pillar. Only after that you can deal with the grillage. The connection of the beams is carried out in half a tree. In those places where the reinforcement will pierce the beam, holes must be made in advance. In the photo you can see exactly how everything looks in finished form.
The construction of the foundation has been completed. Now everything is ready to start building a veranda or terrace.
Conclusion
Building a solid foundation is not an easy task. But, if you want your structure to stand for a long time, then this cannot be achieved without difficulty. With such a solid columnar foundation, the terrace will stand for many years. After completing the work, you can trim the lower part of the foundation so that this space is not visible under the terrace. You can sheathe the bottom or patch it up brickwork... True, this is all done at will. Thanks to this design, the wind will walk under the terrace, drying it after the rains. And if your deck is made of wood, then it won't rot. At the end, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with this video, from which you will clearly see the technology for the construction of a columnar foundation.
At the stage of designing an extension, one of the important tasks is the choice of the type of foundation. The most common is the columnar base. This is due to the low cost of materials and ease of construction. But before you correctly make a columnar foundation with your own hands, it is worth creating a drawing of the future structure and calculating the exact amount of required materials.
Advantages and disadvantages
You can create a columnar foundation with your own hands without the involvement of professional builders. To do this, it is enough to follow the basic rules for creating such structures and avoid mistakes.
Important! A columnar foundation should be chosen when creating light structures, the weight of which does not exceed one thousand kg per cubic meter. Baths are often created on the pillars, frame houses and verandas.
The described type of foundation has the following advantages:
- The columnar base can be designed and built with your own hands without the use of specialized equipment. Also, to create such a foundation, you do not need to hire professional builders.
- The foundation can be built on almost any type of soil. But it is worth noting that such structures should not be installed in areas where there is a high level of groundwater.
- To create the described type of foundation, it is not necessary to carry out work on leveling the landscape.
- High construction speed. A columnar foundation can be built within 2 weeks.
- It is also worth noting that the columnar foundation does not need expensive waterproofing.
- The described type of foundation can last more than 50 years, if the technology of the work was followed during construction.
- A columnar foundation for a veranda or gazebo can be created on an area with large differences in height. Other types of foundations can be very expensive to create in this area.
- Relatively low cost. If we compare the columnar foundation with other types of such structures, then it is worth noting that it can be erected with a minimum amount of money to create a veranda.
But the columnar base also has disadvantages. These include the impossibility of creating heavy structures. Also, on a columnar foundation, it will not work to create a structure with a basement. Before attaching the veranda to the house, you should take care of creating an accurate drawing of the structure.
Foundation depth
The depth to which the pillars are laid depends on several factors. One of these is the type of structure being created. It is also important to consider the geological characteristics of the soil at the site.
By the depth of the foundation, the foundation is divided into 3 types:
- recessed;
- shallow;
- not deepened.
The first type of foundations is installed below the level of soil freezing on the site. A shallow foundation is erected 40-70 cm below the soil level. The third specified type of foundation is located on the surface of the earth. But it is worth remembering that the fertile layer of the earth must be removed in any case.
Types of columnar foundations.
Before you make a columnar foundation with your own hands, it is worth learning about its varieties. Such a base can be prefabricated and monolithic. In the first case, it must be borne in mind that one type of brick should be used to create a structure - burnt. The cost of this material is quite high. This is why many home owners choose other materials.
A monolithic foundation is more common and is a structure with a grillage. To make the supports more durable, it is worth making reinforcement. But in most cases, when creating a terrace, this is not necessary, since the structure being created is quite light.
Shallow foundation
This type of base for an extension is installed quite often. The distance between the posts is usually 1.5-2.5 m. Such a foundation can be created on non-porous soils if the building is lightweight.
During the creation of such a foundation with your own hands, the following materials are used:
- concrete;
- brown concrete;
- concrete blocks;
- brick;
- rubble stone.
Most often, blocks are used that have dimensions of 20x20x40 cm. Calculating the cost of such a base is quite simple, for this you need to determine the price of one block and, after calculating the amount of material used, calculate the cost of the entire structure.
The columnar base can be made of bricks. But it should be remembered that you should not use silicate and ceramic bricks with low frost resistance.
Work on the creation of an unburied columnar foundation can be divided into several stages:
- Cleaning the construction site and marking the territory.
- Determination of the places where the supports will be located. First, they are installed at the corners of the future structure. You can determine the number of pillars by calculating the load on each element of the foundation.
- Create a sand cushion under each pillar.
- Installation of foundation supports. A thick concrete solution is used to connect the elements of the pillar. It is worth remembering that the open part of the blocks must be finished with plaster.
- At the last stage, the pillars are waterproofed with roofing material or bituminous mastic.
It is worth noting that the supports can also be made of wood, if their diameter is 20-30 cm. Before use, the material must be impregnated with tar or used oil. To increase the stability of the support, they must be immersed in a 15-centimeter stand of concrete, which is poured into the created hole in advance.
Shallow columnar foundation
The specified type of foundation is created quite often during the construction of a veranda. Pipes are most often used as formwork. Since the main load will fall on concrete, metal, brown concrete and even plastic products can be used.
The choice of the pipe diameter should be made on the basis of taking into account the load on the supports. For light buildings, it is enough to create pillars with a diameter of about 10 cm.If the veranda will be created from bricks, it is worth increasing the diameter of the supports to 20 cm.
A shallow columnar foundation is created in several stages:
2-3 weeks after completing such work, you can continue the construction of the veranda. The same principle is used to create columnar base from plastic pipes. In order to understand exactly how the creation of the structure takes place, it is worth looking at how the columnar foundation is created with your own hands in the presented video.
Columnar foundations are concrete, brick or wooden supports, independent from each other. The cheapest type of monolithic foundation, suitable for the construction of light extensions on it - terraces, verandas, awnings. The device does not require special engineering surveys, however, there are difficulties. How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda - features and mistakes when working independently.
Advantages of a columnar foundation and its disadvantages
The former include the relatively low cost of construction. There is no impressive mass of concrete, as when pouring a monolithic tape or slab. However, the disadvantages are also significant:
- Only low buildings can be erected on pillars. This type of foundation is not suitable for cottages and mansions. The veranda should be made of wood only - bricks or blocks will require a different base.
- There is no possibility to arrange a basement or cellar.
- In the winter period, it is possible that snow will be swept under the house, which will significantly affect the constant heat loss and excessive consumption of energy carriers. To eliminate the problem, a pick-up is made - a semblance of an obstacle for the described problems, but it does not solve them on a full scale.
- The uneven shrinkage of the pillars encourages the owners to start building faster, without putting things on the back burner. In the future, due to the nature of the soil, repairs may be required using jacks and hired force.
If the owners are attracted by the price, and the disadvantages do not stop in any way, then the columnar foundation of the veranda can begin to be erected.
The procedure for the construction of the foundation
Any foundation requires adherence to sequential actions, a kind of algorithm. So:
- Cleaning and marking the site.
- Digging holes.
- Pit preparation - depreciation, reinforcement, formwork.
- Fill.
Each step should be covered in more detail:
That's the whole process called - do-it-yourself columnar foundation. Solidification occurs within a month, after which you can install the grillage and immediately build the veranda strapping, having previously tarred the surface of each pillar.
Further, the grillage is laid on the pillars. A steel channel can act in this capacity - it will reliably tie all the pillars together, and shrinkage will occur much more evenly than without it. The channel is fixed to the ends of the reinforcement coming out of the posts, then the rods are bent with a sledgehammer.
Brick and wooden poles under the veranda
A columnar foundation can be made not only of a monolith, but also of any building material - wood or brick. Although such options, especially natural ones, are not popular due to their fragility and susceptibility to destruction due to damage or stress. They can only be used for light outdoor terraces or verandas.
The processes for marking holes and digging them out do not differ from the device of a monolith. It is only important to observe the size for the stable position of the stones. Further:
The sequence of work when using wooden pillars for the construction of the foundation:
The foundation on timber posts has one plus: it can always be adjusted to the desired height. However, the disadvantages of such supports are much more, and owners who seek to save money on this, the benefit will subsequently seem mythical.
Errors in the self-erection of a columnar foundation
Often, inexperienced builders neglect the advice of professionals, which they ultimately regret. To avoid wasted time and materials, you should consider the most common of them in advance in order to prevent this from happening in the future. So, what do amateurs usually “sin” with and what cannot be done:
Mistakes made lead to the fact that the foundation will require replacement or, at best, repair. How to replace the post under the veranda without damaging the structure - more on that below.
Repair of a monolithic support post
Several jacks are required to work. Each of them must be located on the same line where the replacement takes place. Immediately you need to prepare everything you need to make a new pillar, depending on the previous design. Further:
When the period for solidification of the supports has expired, the jacks begin to lower slowly, as well as when lifting - by 1 cm for each jack. You can repair other types of columnar foundation in a similar way.
A wooden veranda on a columnar foundation is beautiful and economical. But any high-quality platform requires a scrupulous approach, even if the device is simple and affordable for a non-professional. Having analyzed in detail the instructions for designing each type of columnar foundation and taking into account all typical mistakes, you can achieve high-quality, and, therefore, durable results.