A debit of 70 means. What shows and how to calculate
The balance sheet is the accounting register that contains information on the balances and turns on the accounts for the period.
The balance sheet is also referred to as the "Turnover sheet", "Turnover" or abbreviated as "OSV".
Comment
The balance sheet is one of the most widely used accounting registers. In the balance sheet, the accounting result for the period is clearly reflected. On the basis of the turnover balance sheet, you can check the correctness of accounting, prepare financial statements.
The balance sheet is compiled for a period, for example, for a month. But, the balance sheet can be compiled for a longer period (quarter, year), as well as a shorter period.
The balance sheet shows the balances on the accounts at the beginning of the period, the turnover for the period (on debit and credit), as well as the balances on the accounts at the end of the period.
The requirements for compiling the balance sheet are not established by regulatory documents. The use of such a register of accounting is a tradition, practice.
Example
Consider the procedure for filling the balance sheet using the following example:
At the beginning of the month, the organization has a bank account of 100,000 rubles (account 51). The authorized capital of the organization is 100,000 rubles (account 80).
In the reporting period, a fixed asset was purchased worth 70,000 rubles.
Accounting entries:
70 000 D 08 K 60 - fixed asset received
70 000 D 01 K 08 - fixed asset registered
70 000 D 60 K 51 - fixed asset paid
Balance Sheet Form
Columns 3 and 4 reflect the balances (balances) in the accounts of accounting at the beginning of the period.
Columns 5 and 6 show the revolutions for the period.
Columns 7 and 8 show the balances at the end of the period.
Account debit balance in gr. 7 is calculated as gr. 3 + gr. 5 - column 6.
The balance of the loan account in gr. 8 is calculated as gr. 4 + gr. 6 - column 5.
Additionally
General ledger (Ledger) - a consolidated accounting register, which reflects data for the reporting year for all accounts of the organization’s accounting.
Chess sheet is one of the accounting registers.
Accounting posting is a way of reflecting business transactions in the accounting records by means of entries in accounting accounts.
Accounting certificate - the primary accounting document that is compiled by an accounting officer to document the confirmation of certain types of operations
Accounting (financial) statements - statements of the organization, which is prepared according to the rules of accounting.
Balance sheet - an accounting (financial) report that shows the financial position of the organization at the reporting date, the value of its assets, equity and the amount of liabilities.
Accounting airplane - a technique for reflecting in accounting entries, using graphical reflection of entries for each account in a "T" -shaped form, called an airplane.
An account is an accounting unit that is used for accounting information on homogeneous assets, liabilities, capital.
Accounting - the formation of documented systematic information on the economic situation of the organization, the preparation of accounting (financial) statements.
Balance sheet (buhclass.ru)
Account 70. Payments with staff on remuneration
Account 70 "Settlements with personnel for remuneration" is intended to summarize information on settlements with employees of the organization for remuneration, as well as for paying dividends and other income from participation in the authorized capital of the organization.
The accrued amounts of labor costs payable to employees are reflected in the debit of accounts 20 "Main production", 23 "Auxiliary production", 25 "General production costs", 26 "General economic expenses", 28 "Marriage in production" and other accounts and credit account 70 "Settlements with staff for remuneration".
Amounts paid for employees' vacations accrued from the reserve created for this purpose in accordance with the established procedure are reflected in the debit of account 96 "Reserves of upcoming payments" and the credit of account 70 "Settlements with personnel for pay."
Accrued benefits due to deductions to the Social Security Fund are reflected in the debit of account 69 "Settlements for social insurance and security" and the loan in account 70 "Settlements with personnel for remuneration".
Dividends and other income accrued to employees from participation in the organization’s authorized fund are reflected in the debit of account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” and the credit of account 70 “Payments with personnel.”
Amounts of wages and benefits paid to employees through contributions to the Social Security Fund, dividends and other income from participation in the organization’s authorized fund, etc. are reflected in the debit of account 70 "Settlements with personnel for remuneration of labor" and the credit of accounts 50 "Cashier", 51 "Settlement accounts" and other accounts.
The amounts of taxes withheld, payments under executive documents and other deductions are reflected in the debit of account 70 “Payments with personnel for pay” and the credit of accounts 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security”, 76 “Calculations with various debtors and creditors "and other accounts.
The amounts accrued but not paid to the employees by the due date are reflected in the debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for remuneration of labor” and the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (subaccount 76-5 “Settlements on deposited amounts”).
Analytical accounting for account 70 "Payroll personnel” is maintained for each employee.
Account 70 "Settlements with personnel for remuneration" has the following sub-accounts:
Account 70 "Settlements with personnel for remuneration" corresponds with the accounts:
Other accounts of section 6
Account 60. Settlements with suppliers and contractors Account 62. Settlements with buyers and customers Account 63. Provisions for doubtful debts Account 65. Deferred tax liabilities Account 66. Settlements for short-term loans and borrowings Account 67. Settlements for long-term loans and borrowings Account 68. Settlements for taxes and fees Account 69 Settlements for social insurance and security Account 70. Settlements with personnel for remuneration Account 71. Settlements with accountable persons Account 73.
Characteristics of account 70 in accounting
Settlements with personnel for other operations Account 75. Settlements with founders Account 76. Settlements with various debtors and creditors Account 77. Settlements for direct insurance and reinsurance Account 79. On-house settlements
1C Accounting 8 edition 3.0 - Balance sheet for the account 70
Cf. 70 “Settlements with personnel for remuneration of labor” is used by legal entities to display information about settlements with employees of the organization in terms of payment for their labor activities.
Account 70 in accounting is intended to summarize information on settlements with staff in terms of remuneration. Here are displayed:
- Amounts of accrued and issued wages, vacation pay, bonuses, one-time payments
- Accrued social benefits (for example, temporary disability)
- Dividends paid to founders who are employees from their participation in the capital of the organization.
- Withholding taxes and other amounts (for example, alimony according to the writ of execution).
70 account accounting is passive. The debit shows the amounts actually issued or transferred to the cards, the loan - accrual.
Keep in mind! According to the current legislation of the organization, it is necessary to make payments to employees at least every half month.
If the employee has not received wages within 3 appointed days (for example, due to no-show, illness, vacation), the amount accrued for extradition is deposited, the money is transferred to the organization’s servicing bank. The deposit is displayed at the debit of account 70 (in correspondence with account 76).
Analytical monitoring
The Labor Code clearly regulates the procedure for settlements with staff on the payment of their labor, therefore, for an in-depth analysis of the mutual settlements of traffic, at 70, they are displayed separately for each employee.
Keep in mind! SALT account 70 for the employees of the organization must coincide with the pay slip, the amounts of the listed personal income tax are checked according to the certificate of calculations with the IFTS.
Normative regulation
The use of account 70 for information on mutual settlements with employees of the organization regarding wages, vacation pay, sick leave and other payments is carried out in accordance with the current Chart of Accounts, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of October 31, 2000 No. 94, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other legislative documents.
70 account - common accounting entries
- Payroll
Dt20 Kt70 - to employees of the main production
Dt23 Kt70 - auxiliary production
Dt26 Kt70 - an employee of the administrative department
- Accrual of social benefits (e.g. sick leave)
- Dividends are accrued to the company founders
- Accrual of vacation payments from the created reserve for holidays
- Payment of salaries and other payments
Dt70 Kt50 - from the cashier on payroll accounts
Dt70 Kt51.52.55 - the amounts are transferred through settlement accounts
Attention! According to the law, payments to cards can occur both according to the general register of the salary project in a particular bank, and to the cards of any other bank at the request of the employee.
- Holding
Dt70 Kt68 - PIT withheld, transferred to the IFTS by a tax agent
Dt70 Kt76 - withholding child support
- Deposit of funds
Questions and answers on the topic
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D44 K70 - accrued by the RFP to the personnel of the enterprise
D44 K69 - accruals to extra-budgetary funds were made
D70 K68.69 - withholding income tax and contribution to the PF
D44.19 K76 - rent for industrial premises, repair costs made by third parties
D44 K10,13,70,69 - repair costs performed on their own
D44 K02,05,13 - depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets, IBE
D44 K51 - the cost of paying interest on the loan
D44 K41 - markdown of goods
Among the specific items of distribution costs, the following should be highlighted: payment to medical institutions (polyclinics, sanitary and epidemiological stations) for a medical examination of workers in trade and public catering, the cost of soap, first-aid kits, medicines, dressings, etc .; expenses for the arrangement and maintenance of rest rooms, boilers, tanks, washbasins, showers, locker rooms, lockers for special clothes, dryers and other equipment (where the provision of these services to workers is associated with the characteristics of production and is provided for in a collective agreement). Health and recreation activities not directly related to the participation of workers in the production process are carried out at the expense of funds allocated for social needs, and the costs of their implementation are not included in the costs of circulation and production; expenses on cash management (expenses on cash rolled stamps, cash receipts, cash registers, cost of ink ribbon and ink for the printing mechanism of cash registers, collection of cash proceeds, payment to third parties for maintenance, technical supervision and maintenance of the control cash machines, etc.); expenses for examination and laboratory analysis of goods, products and food; expenses for servicing visitors at public catering establishments: expenses for maintaining orchestras in restaurants and cafes under agreements with cultural and art institutions (except for the wages of orchestra members and entertainers on a staff basis, recorded under the heading “Labor costs”); the cost of paper napkins, paper tablecloths, paper cups and plates, disposable appliances; other costs to be included in the costs, but not related to the previously listed items.
At the end of the month, the sum of distribution and production costs attributable to goods sold for the current month is debited to account 46 "Sales of products (works, services)". The balance of account 44 "Cost of circulation" is equal to the sum of distribution costs attributable to the balance of goods not sold at the end of the reporting period. In this case, the sum of distribution and production costs related to the balance of goods at the end of the month is calculated according to the average percentage of distribution and production costs for the reporting month, taking into account the carry-over balance at the beginning of the month in the following order: 1) transport costs and expenses for paying interest on the bank are summarized credit for the balance of goods at the beginning of the month and made in the reporting month (account balance 44 for these expenses at the beginning of the month and debit turnover for the month’s account); 2) the amount of goods sold in the reporting month and the balance of goods at the end of the month (credit turnover of account 41 and the balance of the account at the end of the month) are determined; 3) by the ratio of the sum of the costs of circulation and production determined in clause 1 to the sum of the sold and remaining goods (in clause 2), the average percentage of the costs of circulation and production to the total value of the goods is determined; 4) by multiplying the amount of the balance of goods at the end of the month by the average percentage of the indicated expenses, their amount is determined, which refers to the balance of unsold goods at the end of the month.
6. Registration of a trade transaction. Accounting for settlements with suppliers, accounting for the acquisition of goods
7. Accounting for the movement and sale of goods. Application of KKM in trade
To summarize information about the process of selling goods and determining financial results from the sale of goods, there is an active-passive account 46.
The debit turnover of account 46 reflects the cost of goods sold (purchase value of goods sold plus distribution costs related to goods sold).
Is score 70 active or passive?
Credit turnover shows the sale value of goods sold. The balance of account 46 will refuse the result from the sale of goods.
The moment of sale of goods is the moment at which goods shipped or released to the buyer are considered sold. From the point of view of accounting, the moment of implementation is the time when account 46 should be credited, i.e. to reflect the increase in sales (turnover).
Monthly account 46 is closed by writing off the results from the sale of goods to account 80.
Wholesale turnover is the sale of goods by one organization to another organization for subsequent resale or consumption.
Postings for accounting for the sale of goods for enterprises that determine revenue from sales “on a pay basis”
D46 K76 - VAT on goods shipped but not paid
D46 K42 - Storno write-off of trade margins
D46 K44 - Write-off of distribution costs
D76 K68 - For the amount of VAT attributable to paid goods
At enterprises that take into account revenue from sales “as payment is made”, a special sub-account “Settlements on VAT unpaid by buyers” is opened for account of VAT in shipped but not paid goods.
Postings on the accounting of the sale of goods for the enterprise, determining the revenue from the sale of "on-time shipment
D62 K46 - Shipped goods at a sale price
D46 K68 - VAT in shipped goods
D46 K42 - Cancellation of trade margin
D46 K41 - Write-off of shipped goods at accounting prices
D46 K44 - Write-off of distribution costs
D51 K62 - Buyers paid for the shipped goods
D68 K51 - For the amount of VAT due on time
D46 (80) K80 (46) - Identification of financial results
Shipped to the buyer, before receiving money for them, they are recorded on account 45 “Goods shipped”. The basis for debit entries of this account are shipping documents. Sales of goods (lending to account 46) are reflected on the basis of bank statements from the current account (for non-cash payments) or cashier reports (for cash payments).
D45 K41 - Goods and containers shipped to the buyer
D50.51 K46 - Money received from the buyer for the goods shipped
D50.51 K45 - Received money from the buyer for the shipped container
D46 K45 - Written off goods sold
D46 K68 - Accrued to the budget VAT for goods sold
Upon receipt of advance payment
D51 K64 - Received advance payment (prepayment) for the supply of goods
D64 K68 - VAT is allocated from the advance payment received
D62 K46 - Shipped goods at a sale price
In accounting, postings are made. when issuing an advance for the first half of the month: 1) Dt account 70 “Settlements with personnel for remuneration” Set account 50 “Cashier”; upon payment of wages for the second half of the month: 2) Dt of accounts 20, 23, 25, 26, 29, 44 Set of account 70 accrued wages for the first (second) half of the month; 3) Account d 70 Account set 68 “Settlements on taxes and fees”, 76 “Settlements with different debtors and creditors”, 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” deducted from the amount of accrued wages; 4) Dt account 70 Kt account 50 paid wages from the cash desk of the organization. The amount of the advance paid for the first half of the month is deducted from the employee’s salary (actually accrued for the worked month) in an unconditional manner without limitation by any size.
Account 70: payroll staff. wiring example
Accounting certificate-calculation 10, 41 73-2 Capitalized inventories received from the employee in repayment of shortages (damage). No. M-4 “Incoming order”, No. MX-1 “Act on the acceptance - transfer of inventory items for storage”. 50 73-2 The debt of shortage (damage) to the organization’s cash desk has been paid by the perpetrator. No. KO-1 “Incoming cash order” 70 73-2 Debt on shortages (damage) from the employee’s salary was paid. No. T-49 “Settlement and payment sheet”, No. T-51 “Settlement sheet”. 98-4 91-1 The difference between the carrying value of the missing (damaged) values \u200b\u200band their market value is recognized in the income of the current period as the debt is repaid by the guilty persons. Accounting certificate-calculation 94 73-2 The amount of shortages (damage) was deducted from the employee due to the groundlessness of the claim or the employer's refusal to recover damages.
Payroll accounting
Withholding tax on personal income. Accounting Register for the calculation of tax on personal income. 70 50 Wages paid from the organization’s cash desk. No. T-49 Settlement and payment sheet, No. T-53 Payroll. 50 70 Unnecessarily paid amounts of labor remuneration were returned to the cash desk of the organization. No. KO-1 Incoming cash warrant 70 76-4 The deposited salary is reflected. The book of accounting of deposited wages (standard form 8) (0720208), the Register of deposited amounts (0504441). 76-4 50 Deposited wages issued. No. KO-1 Incoming cash warrant 70 51 Money transferred to cards (employee accounts in banks). Payment order (0401060), Bank statement on the current account.
70 73-2 The cost of shortages from the guilty persons from their wages is withheld. No. T-49 Settlement and payment sheet, No. T-53 Payroll.
Prednalog.ru
For this we use account 68 “Calculations on taxes and fees” (read more about the account here), on this account we open a separate sub-account, the credit of which will show the income tax accrued for payment, by debit - transfer of tax to the budget. Personal income tax reduces the employee's salary, that is, in fact, reduces the employer's salary arrears to employees, therefore, the personal income tax withholding is reflected in the debit account.
An example of filling in the balance sheet on account 70
70 in correspondence with a credit cf. 68 sub-account of personal income tax. The posting on deduction from tax payroll has the form:
- D70 K68.NDFL - PIT was deducted from the salary.
Calculation of insurance premiums Insurance premiums are paid to extrabudgetary funds at established rates.
The calculation of insurance premiums does not cause either a decrease or an increase in the employee’s salary, since it is the expenses of the employer and not the employee. Therefore, to reflect this operation, cf.
Account 70 in accounting: payroll staff
236 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is obliged to pay them with payment of interest (monetary compensation) in the amount of not less than one three hundred effective at that time, the Central Bank refinancing rate of unpaid amounts for each day of delay starting from the next day after the due date of salary until the day of actual settlement inclusive .
Typical account entries 70
Order (order) of the head. Debit Credit Contents of business transactions Primary documents 71 50, 50-3 Issued under the report: - cash, - cash documents. No. KO-2 “Cash Disbursement Order” 08, 10 71 Reported persons incurred expenses for the acquisition of: - non-current assets, - materials and their delivery. No. AO-1 “Advance Report”, No. M-7 “Act on the Acceptance of Materials”. 19-3 71 Reflected on the basis of invoices of VAT suppliers on acquired inventories intended for the production of products (work, services) subject to value added tax, and the costs of their procurement and delivery.
Accounting entries for accounting personnel calculations
Analytical accounting accounts are opened for each employee separately. For example, to reflect the remuneration for the worker's employee V.V. Sidorov will open a 70.1 account. Additionally, for each employee accountant is:
- individual income tax card;
- statement of accounts;
- settlement and payment document;
- payroll.
Account 70 in accounting is used in the financial activities of each organization.
Debit operations 70 The 70th account corresponds to a debit with accounts:
- accounting for money;
- accounting for settlement operations (from 66 to 69 inclusive, 73, 76, 79);
- financial result (90, 91, 93, 94).
A debit operation will mean a reduction in the accounts payable of the enterprise to the employee or withholding of taxes and fees, property damage. Credit operations account
Accounting for payroll and payroll accounting
Benefits for temporary incapacity for work of the employee or his care for his relatives, parental leave for children under 1.5 years of age, maternity benefits, financial assistance from the FSS are charged by posting: D 69.1 K70 - allowance is accrued If the organization provides for the creation of a reserve for certain types of costs, then the payroll from these amounts is reflected by posting: D 96 K 70 - payroll from the reserve Rarely, but this happens when the salary is paid from the reserve for future expenses: D 97 K 70 - payroll s and the account of the reserve for future expenses The accrual of vacation pay or compensation for unused vacation reflect exactly the same postings. Payments on 70 accounts. Postings of the Payment of income to employees of the organization reflect at debit 70 of the account.
Account 70 in accounting: calculations with employees for remuneration
Depending on their form (cash, non-cash, in kind) make the following entries: D 70 K 50 - payroll from the cash desk D 70 K 51 - transfer the salary to the card to the employee D 70 K 90 - payroll products are issued If the salary is at the organization’s cash desk not received on time, it must be deposited. To do this, post: D 70 K 76.4 - salary deposited; D 76.4 K 50 - previously deposited salary issued at the request of the employee. According to the law, wages are paid at least twice a month. Temporary disability benefits are paid on the day the wage is established by the internal regulatory acts in the organization, vacation pay - within three days before the employee goes on vacation, settlement upon dismissal - on the last day of the employee's performance of labor duties.
Deductions on 70 account.
Accounting for labor costs
Attention
Amounts are shown in the Counts columns for types of payments from the wage fund, as well as other income in the form of various social and material benefits provided to the employee, paid at the expense of the organization’s profit and to be included in the tax base. At the same time, all deductions from the amount of wages are calculated and the amount payable to the employee is determined. On the cover page of the payroll (form N T-49) and payroll (form N T-53) the total amount payable is indicated.
The permission to pay wages is signed by the head of the organization or a person authorized by him. At the end of the statement the amounts of paid and deposited wages are indicated.
All employees are monthly paid and paid wages. Withholding taxes. In addition, employed persons may receive income in the form of interest from participation in capital. All of these amounts in accounting are displayed on account 70 "Settlements with staff for remuneration."
Destination
Account 70 is used to display information about settlements with employees for wages (for all types of salaries, bonuses, benefits, pensions, other payments), as well as for income from securities. The loan displays the amount of accruals, and the debit - payments.
At the enterprise, payroll accounting is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- accrual;
- retention;
- accrual of insurance premiums;
- pay.
Let's consider each stage in more detail.
Payroll
Labor costs are charged to the cost of production. Therefore, the account 70 is debited with the accounts of the "Primary production" (20) and "Cost of sale" (44). Posting is done for the entire amount of the salary. For calculations, a time sheet (form T12, T13) and a statement (T51) are used.
Example
A production worker is accrued monthly salary in the amount of 25 thousand rubles. From it personal income tax withheld in the amount of: 25 x 0.13 \u003d 3.25 thousand rubles. Total payable - 21.75 thousand rubles. Accounting entries (account 70):
- DT20 KT70 - 25 thousand rubles. - accrued salary to the employee;
- DT70 KT68 - 3.25 thousand rubles. - withholding personal income tax;
- DT70 KT50 - 21.75 thousand rubles. - paid salary from the cash register.
Holding
PIT is withheld monthly from the payment at a rate of 13%. The base for tax assessment can be reduced due to tax deductions (Articles 218, 219 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Consider the most common of them:
- 3000 - a deduction is granted to persons with disabilities, veterans;
- 500 - deduction to participants of the Second World War;
- 1400 - deduction for the first, second child to the parent (it is valid until the income level reaches 280,000);
- 3000 - deduction for the third and subsequent children (it is valid until the income level reaches 280,000).
In order to take these benefits into account when calculating salaries, an employee must write a statement. Deductions are made out by posting: account 70 debit, account 68 credit.
Example
The organization accrued salaries to production employees in the amount of 30 thousand rubles, and to the management apparatus - 72 thousand rubles. After 4 days, the accountant goes on vacation. She relies 17.8 thousand rubles. vacation pay.
The accounts in the BU will immediately display salary amounts excluding personal income tax:
- production workers: 30 - 30 x 0.13 \u003d 26.1 thousand rubles;
- administration: 72 - 72 x 0.13 \u003d 62.64 thousand rubles.
- vacation pay: 17.8 - 17.8 x 0.13 \u003d 15.486 thousand rubles.
№ | Operation | DT | CT | Amount, thousand rubles |
1 | Accrued wages to production workers; administration. |
20 | 70 | 26,1 |
2 | Accrued vacation pay | 26 | 15,486 | |
4 | Salary transferred from current account | 70 | 51 | 104,226 |
5 | Retained by personal income tax | 68 | 15,574 | |
6 | Personal income tax transferred to the budget | 68 | 51 |
Assessment of premiums
The salary transfers contributions to the PFR, FSS and FFOMS. The general tariff in 2016 is 30%, of which:
- 22% - FIU;
- 2.9% - FSS;
- 5.1% - FFOMS.
- 796 thousand rubles - for the purpose of assessing contributions of the FIU;
- 718 thousand rubles - for the purpose of assessing the contributions of the FSS.
If the salary exceeds the specified limits, only a contribution to the FIU will be charged at a rate of 10%. The limit on FFOMS for 2016 has not been established. This means that contributions must be accrued on the entire payment amount at a rate of 5.1% regardless of the amount of income. All these contributions are transferred to the cost of production by posting DT20 (44) KT69.
Example
LLC builds the building on its own. In February, employees were paid salaries in the amount of 270 thousand rubles, including:
- main production - 180,000;
- management personnel - 50,000;
- sales department - 18,000;
- construction workers - 22,000.
Current account 70 will contain the following transactions:
Payroll
After registration of accruals and deductions of personal income tax, the remainder of the amount is paid to employees from the cash desk or current account. This operation is executed by wiring DT70 KT50 (51).
The law provides for the payment of income twice a month. For violation of this norm, the enterprise faces a fine of 30 to 50 thousand rubles, and for officials - 5 thousand rubles. (Article 5.27 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation).
Unearned time salary
Holidays and temporary disability benefits relate to payments for unworked time. They are calculated on the basis of average earnings in the same accounts as the main income. Holiday pay is recorded by posting DT20 (23, 25, 29, 44) KT70, and benefits from the Social Insurance Fund - DT69-1 KT70.
Other payouts and deductions
Through account 70, the calculation and payment of dividends is reflected: DT84 KT70. Withholdings may occur withholding when purchasing a health resort voucher. Part of the cost is paid by the employee, and the second is paid by the organization: ДТ70 КТ69-1. If an employee has funds that he previously received a subreport, but did not use, he must return them to the cashier. If an advance report has not been submitted by the indicated date, these amounts are to be deducted from the salary: DT70 KT71. If the funds were not spent on the target needs, they are also subject to withholding: ДТ70 КТ94.
Often in the process of inventory a shortage of goods and materials is found. If its amount exceeds the norm, then it is reimbursed from the income of financially responsible persons: DT70 KT73-2. If the company enters into an employee insurance contract, the source for the transfer of payments is salary: account 70 is debited from the account. 76-1. Deductions on writ of income are made out by posting DT70 KT76-4.
Example
LLC conducted an inventory of goods. According to BU, 120 kg of semi-smoked sausage are listed in the warehouse in the amount of 11.4 thousand rubles. The inventory showed a shortage of the product in the amount of 150 rubles. The rate of loss is 27.36 rubles. Subject to reimbursement 122.64 rubles. This amount will be compensated from the salary of the warehouse.
- DT94 KT41 - 150 rubles. - written off shortage;
- DT44 KT94 - 27.36 rubles. - accounted for the shortage within the limits of the norm of decrease;
- DT73-2 KT94 - 122.64 rubles. - shortage above the norm is attributed to the responsible person;
- DT70 KT73-2 - 122.64 rubles. - deduction of shortages from the salary.
In-kind salary
An enterprise may give its products, goods, and other valuables to employees on account of income. This operation is executed by wiring DT70 KT90-1. The accrual of income is made out by standard posting: DT20 (23, 25, 26) KT70.
Example 1
LLC accrued to employees an income of 29.5 thousand rubles. Due to a shortage of funds, the management decided to issue products in payment of debt repayment. For this, a batch of goods was selected whose market price is equal to the amount of debt. The cost of the party is 22 thousand rubles. Products are subject to VAT (18%). To reflect these operations in the control unit, it is necessary to include in the statement of account 70 such entries:
- DT70 KT90-1 - 29.5 thousand rubles. - debts on salary are written off;
- DT90-2 KT43 - 22 thousand rubles. - written off the cost of production;
- DT90-3 KT68 - 4.5 thousand rubles. (29.5 x 0.18 / 1.18) - VAT is charged;
- DT90-9 KT99 -3 thousand rubles. (29.5 - 22 - 4.5) - reflected profit.
If the company was unable to withhold personal income tax at the time of salary payment, it is obliged to notify the tax inspectorate in writing no later than March 1 of the following year, indicate the amount of tax and income from which it was not withheld. The payment of salaries in kind is made out by posting DT70 KT91-1.
Example 2
Change the conditions of the previous task. In order to pay off the debt, the management decided to give the employee materials for the same amount. Reflect these operations in the control unit:
- DT70 KT91-1 - 29.5 thousand rubles. - debts on salary are written off;
- DT91-2 KT10 - 24 thousand rubles. - the cost of materials was taken into account;
- DT91-2 KT68 - 4.5 thousand rubles - VAT is charged;
- DT91-9 KT99 - 1 thousand rubles - reflected the profit from the sale of materials.
Unpaid Income
Account 70 contains information on the deposited amounts. After receiving cash at the bank, the organization has 5 working days to pay off employees. If the employee failed to appear on time, the amount of unpaid funds shall be deposited: DT70 KT76. Delivery of the deposited amount to the bank is made out by the following transaction: DT51 KT50.
Accounting of calculations is carried out in the book of deposited wages, opened for a year. Each depositor has a separate line. It indicates the personnel number of the employee, his full name, “frozen” amount, notes on the issue of funds. Unpaid amounts are transferred to a new book. Subsequent payroll is reflected in the entry: DT76 KT50.
Analytical accounting of settlements is carried out on personal accounts, settlement books, payrolls, etc.
Reserve
At seasonal enterprises, holidays are not evenly distributed. Since the amount of income and all accruals to employees is included in the prime cost, for the purpose of uniform distribution of costs, vacation pay is transferred to costs in equal shares throughout the year. This creates a reserve for vacation pay. The same payroll accounts debited for this amount in the accounting department. As employees retire on vacation, money accrued by them is debited by posting DT96 KT70.
Typical Wiring
This section is best presented in tabular form.
Operation | DT | CT |
Accrued salary to employees: main (auxiliary) production; general production personnel; attendants; administration; sales department; engaged in the liquidation of fixed assets; engaged in other income; due to the created reserve; engaged in work, the costs of which are recorded in deferred expenses; engaged in emergency response. |
20 (23) | 70 |
Salary issued from cash desk | 70 | 50 |
Transferred salary to a bank card | 51 | |
Shortage held | 73 | |
Child support held | 76 | |
Retained by personal income tax | 68 | |
Damage retained | 94 |
Balance
Account 70 displays information about the calculations with employees for remuneration. Credit balance means debt to staff. In most cases, the account is passive and is reflected in the second part of the balance sheet. But there are situations when the advance paid exceeds the accrued salary for the month. This balance is recorded in debit. The employee must return the money to the cashier.
Cf. 70 “Settlements with personnel for remuneration of labor” is used by legal entities to display information about settlements with employees of the organization in terms of payment for their labor activities.
Account 70 in accounting is intended to summarize information on settlements with staff in terms of remuneration. Here are displayed:
- Amounts of accrued and issued wages, vacation pay, bonuses, one-time payments
- Accrued social benefits (for example, temporary disability)
- Dividends paid to founders who are employees from their participation in the capital of the organization.
- Withholding taxes and other amounts (for example, alimony according to the writ of execution).
70 account accounting is passive. The debit shows the amounts actually issued or transferred to the cards, the loan - accrual.
Keep in mind! According to the current legislation of the organization, it is necessary to make payments to employees at least every half month.
If the employee has not received wages within 3 appointed days (for example, due to no-show, illness, vacation), the amount accrued for extradition is deposited, the money is transferred to the organization’s servicing bank. The deposit is displayed at the debit of account 70 (in correspondence with account 76).
The Labor Code clearly regulates the procedure for settlements with staff on the payment of their labor, therefore, for an in-depth analysis of the mutual settlements of traffic, at 70, they are displayed separately for each employee.
Keep in mind! SALT account 70 for the employees of the organization must coincide with the pay slip, the amounts of the listed personal income tax are checked according to the certificate of calculations with the IFTS.
Normative regulation
The use of account 70 for information on mutual settlements with employees of the organization regarding wages, vacation pay, sick leave and other payments is carried out in accordance with the current Chart of Accounts, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of October 31, 2000 No. 94, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other legislative documents.
70 account - common accounting entries
- Payroll
Dt20 Kt70 - to employees of the main production
Dt23 Kt70 - auxiliary production
Dt26 Kt70 - an employee of the administrative department
- Accrual of social benefits (e.g. sick leave)
- Dividends are accrued to the company founders
- Accrual of vacation payments from the created reserve for holidays
- Payment of salaries and other payments
Dt70 Kt50 - from the cashier on payroll accounts
Dt70 Kt51.52.55 - the amounts are transferred through settlement accounts
Attention! According to the law, payments to cards can occur both according to the general register of the salary project in a particular bank, and to the cards of any other bank at the request of the employee.
- Holding
Dt70 Kt68 - PIT withheld, transferred to the IFTS by a tax agent
Dt70 Kt76 - withholding child support
- Deposit of funds
Natalya Vasilyeva, 2017-03-28
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Related reference materials
Account 70. Payments with staff on remuneration
Account 70 "Settlements with personnel for remuneration" is intended to summarize information on settlements with employees of the organization for remuneration, as well as for paying dividends and other income from participation in the authorized capital of the organization.
The accrued amounts of labor costs payable to employees are reflected in the debit of accounts 20 "Main production", 23 "Auxiliary production", 25 "General production costs", 26 "General economic expenses", 28 "Marriage in production" and other accounts and credit account 70 "Settlements with staff for remuneration".
Amounts paid for employees' vacations accrued from the reserve created for this purpose in accordance with the established procedure are reflected in the debit of account 96 "Reserves of upcoming payments" and the credit of account 70 "Settlements with personnel for pay."
Accrued benefits due to deductions to the Social Security Fund are reflected in the debit of account 69 "Settlements for social insurance and security" and the loan in account 70 "Settlements with personnel for remuneration".
Dividends and other income accrued to employees from participation in the organization’s authorized fund are reflected in the debit of account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” and the credit of account 70 “Payments with personnel.”
Amounts of wages and benefits paid to employees through contributions to the Social Security Fund, dividends and other income from participation in the organization’s authorized fund, etc. are reflected in the debit of account 70 "Settlements with personnel for remuneration of labor" and the credit of accounts 50 "Cashier", 51 "Settlement accounts" and other accounts.
The amounts of taxes withheld, payments under executive documents and other deductions are reflected in the debit of account 70 “Payments with personnel for pay” and the credit of accounts 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security”, 76 “Calculations with various debtors and creditors "and other accounts.
The amounts accrued but not paid to the employees by the due date are reflected in the debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for remuneration of labor” and the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (subaccount 76-5 “Settlements on deposited amounts”).
Analytical accounting for account 70 "Payroll personnel” is maintained for each employee.
Account 70 “Settlements with personnel for remuneration” has the following sub-accounts:
Account 70 "Settlements with personnel for wages" corresponds with the accounts:
Other accounts of section 6
Account 60. Settlements with suppliers and contractors Account 62. Settlements with buyers and customers Account 63. Provisions for doubtful debts Account 65. Deferred tax liabilities Account 66. Settlements for short-term loans and borrowings Account 67. Settlements for long-term loans and borrowings Account 68. Settlements for taxes and fees Account 69 Settlements for social insurance and security Account 70. Settlements with personnel for remuneration Account 71. Settlements with accountable persons Account 73.
Settlements with personnel for other operations Account 75. Settlements with founders Account 76. Settlements with various debtors and creditors Account 77. Settlements for direct insurance and reinsurance Account 79. On-house settlements
In accordance with Art. 137 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation deductions from wages can be made only in cases stipulated by law. In this case, by order of the administration of the organization, the following deductions can be made.
Refund of amounts overpaid due to counting errors.
In accounting, such a deduction is made out of the record:
It should be borne in mind that in the event that wages are paid unnecessarily to an employee as a result of not a counting error, but, for example, semantic or due to insufficient qualification of an accounting employee, these amounts cannot be recovered from this employee.
In this situation, the recovery, as a rule, is made from the employee guilty of making such a mistake.
Moreover, in accounting, the allocation of excessively paid amounts to shortages and their recovery are made in the manner established for accounting for the amount of damage caused to the organization.
Repayment of an unspent and timely non-refunded advance paid on a business trip or for transfer to another locality, for household needs, if the employee does not dispute the grounds and amount of the deduction.
In this case, the administration has the right to make an order to withhold no later than one month from the day the deadline set for the return of the advance payment, repayment of the debt, or from the day of the incorrectly calculated payment.
For unworked days of vacation when the employee is dismissed before the end of the working year in which he has already received leave.
Withholding for these days is not made if the employee quits on the grounds specified in clauses 1, 2, sub. "a" paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of Art. 81, p. 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7 of Art. 83 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In accounting, such deductions are documented similarly to deductions when a counting error is detected.
Compensation for damage caused through the fault of an employee of the organization in an amount not exceeding his average monthly earnings (Article 241 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
In the production of deductions, the restrictions on the size of deductions from wages established by Art. 138 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:
- for each salary payment, the total amount of all deductions cannot exceed 20%,
and in cases specifically provided for by law, 50% of the salary due to the employee;
- when withholding from the salary for several executive documents for the employee, in any case, there should be 50% of earnings saved.
These restrictions do not apply to deductions from wages for:
- serving correctional labor,
- collecting child support for minor children,
- compensation for harm caused by the employer to the employee’s health,
- compensation for damage to persons who suffered damage in connection with the death of a breadwinner,
- compensation for damage caused by a crime.
The amount of deductions from wages in these cases cannot exceed 70%.
Deductions from payments that are not levied in accordance with federal law are not allowed.
Amounts deducted from wages on behalf of employees paying insurance payments under voluntary insurance contracts by bank transfer with insurance bodies.
In accounting, such deductions are reflected in the postings:
Withholding of insurance payments from employees' salaries and their transfer to the accounts of insurance bodies is carried out on the basis of lists and instructions transferred to the accounting department of the organization by the insurance agent.
Membership union dues in a cashless settlement system with trade union organizations.
Withholding of union membership dues is made upon written statements of union members requesting acceptance of union union dues from them by bank transfer.
In accounting, the deduction and transfer of membership fees is reflected in the same manner as insurance payments.
In this case, an additional sub-account is opened to account 76.
Amounts on writ of execution - alimony for the maintenance of minor children
and for compensation for damage caused to the organization.
When withholding amounts on writ of execution, the following entries are made:
Upon compensation for damage caused to the organization, the following entries are made:
E) Payments arrears
f) Cash
h) Accounts receivable
3. The business transaction “from the current account at the bank, the tax debt to the budget has been repaid”:
a) Causes a decrease in money in assets and liabilities in liabilities
b) Change in asset balance
c) Causes a decrease in asset and liability
d) type 3 change
e) type 2 change
F) 4 type of change
g) 1 type of change
h) Causes changes in the composition of the balance sheet liability.
4. Account in which only credit balance
5. Financial reporting forms
a) OS movement report and labor report
b) CP movement report and labor report
c) Balance sheet, income statement
d) Explanatory note, tables and diagrams
e) Report on company performance
F) Statement of changes in equity for the period, cash flow statement
g) Cash flow statement and labor report, fixed asset movement report
H) Balance sheet, traffic report, explanatory note.
6. Inventory
a) Provides a grouping of assets, capital and liabilities
b) This is an information storage system
c) This is a reflection of business transactions
d) Provides a calculation of the cost of production
E) Ensures the accuracy of accounting data
f) Primary reflection of business transactions
G) This identification of deviations from credentials
H) This is a confirmation of the actual availability of property
7. The organization of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the storage of money and the implementation of cashless payments in banks open
a) Current bank accounts
b) Settlement accounts
c) Signature cards
d) Correspondent accounts
e) Budget accounts
f) LORO and NOSTRO current accounts
G) Current accounts
h) Personal accounts
8. Accounts receivable of employees:
a) Raw materials, construction in progress, goods purchased
b) Advance payment of employees
c) Semi-finished products, construction in progress, goods purchased
d) Amounts owed by customers for goods and services sold during the ordinary course of business of the company
e) Debt of customers for products sold
F) Debt of employees on travel expenses
g) Raw materials, work in progress, goods purchased
h) Preschool employee debt
When you release materials compiled correspondence accounts
a) D 1310 K6010
b) D 8110 K 1310
c) D 7210 K 1310
d) D 7110 K 1310
e) D 1310 K 8110
f) D 1310 K 7710
g) D 1310 K 3310
h) D 1310 K 6280
10. INITIAL COST OF THE OS INCLUDES:
a) Cost of actually incurred expenses on completion or receipt of fixed assets
b) The value of fixed assets minus the amount of accumulated depreciation
c) The value of fixed assets at current market values \u200b\u200bat the date of sale
d) The value of fixed assets at current market prices at a specific date
e) Cost of fixed assets less accumulated depreciation
F) Cost of actual expenses incurred upon completion of production or construction or acquisition of fixed assets
g) Cost at which the exchange of fixed assets between knowledgeable and willing to conduct a transaction by independent parties is possible
H) Cost of actually incurred expenses for the construction or acquisition of fixed assets
When withholding from s / n is composed of:
a) D 3220 K 3350
b) D 3350 K 1250
c) D 3350 K 3220
d) D 8110 K 3350
e) D 3350 K 7110
F) D 3350K 3120
g) D 3210 K 3350
h) D 3350 K 7210
12. CAPITAL:
a) Deposits and shares
b) Bank loans
d) Retained earnings
e) deferred expenses
F) Share premium
g) Income from product sales
13. The purpose of F.O. is the presentation of information on:
a) Financial situation. Cash flows, changes in equity and assets
b) Company Resource Management Results
c) The financial position of the company
d) Financial position, cash flows, capital changes
e) Flow of capital stock
f) On environmental activities and their payments
g) The state of economic resources
Accounting payroll
Charge: salary is calculated based on:
Wage systems used at the enterprise
Information on established tariffs, salaries, piecework rates
Information on the actual hours worked by employees or on the volume of production.
According to labor legislation, the calculation and payment of salaries is made at least every half month. The amount is recorded in the Settlement sheet (f. No. T-51) or in the Settlement and payment list (f. No. T-49)
Calculation of the salary is reflected on the loan, account 70 "Settlements with personnel for remuneration of labor" in correspondence with accounts for cost accounting, depending on the nature of the work of an employee. Analytical accounting for account 70 is maintained for each employee. Salary amounts of employees are recorded in personal accounts opened for one calendar year.
D20-K70 –Appointed salaries of workers in the main production,
D25-K70-z / p administration of the production unit and workers serving the production,
D26-K70-z / n management personnel, employees of OH services.,
D08-K70- salary to employees on operations related to the acquisition of fixed assets and intangible assets,
D15 (10) -K70-z / p for operations related to the acquisition of stocks,
D44-K70s / n, incl. in the composition of selling or selling expenses ,
D91 / 2-K70-z / p on operations related to the rental, liquidation, sale of property,
D69-K70 - accrual of temporary disability benefits at the expense of the FSS,
D84-K70 - compensation to employees at the expense of the organization’s profit.
In order to evenly include the salary during the holidays in the cost structure of the current period, organizations can form a reserve on the account. 96 “Reserves for future expenses”.
The formation of the reserve for vacation pay is reflected in the entries for the debit of the accounts of current expenses and the credit of the account. 96 .: D20,25,26,44-K96.
Calculation of salary during the vacation: D96-K70.
Holding: From the amount of accrued salary, deductions are made that can be divided into 3 types:
1. obligatory: personal income tax, withholding on executive docks in favor of other persons (alimony, judicial sanctions)
2.on the initiative of the organization: withholding on loans received by an employee, repayment of amounts overpaid as a result of incorrect calculations, accrual of debts on accountable amounts, reimbursement of employees for material damage, etc.
3. at the initiative of the employee: for repayment of loans, voluntary medical and pension insurance.
The total amount of all deductions for each payment may not exceed 20%, and in cases provided for by federal laws - 50% of the salary due to the employee. When withholding from a salary for several executive documents, the employee should retain 50% of the salary.
D70-K68 - withheld the amount of personal income tax,
D70-K76 - withheld on executive docks,
D70-K73 - at the initiative of the organization
Pay:The salary can be paid to the employee: in cash, transferred by bank transfer to the bank account of the employee, issued in physical form (products of the enterprise).
Funds for the payment of salary must be withdrawn from the bank account with a cashier's check, or, if provided for in the calculation of the cash limit, the payment of salary may be spent from the organization’s revenue.
Salary payment is made out at the discretion of the organization by the Payroll (f No. T-53) or the Settlement and Payroll (f No. T-49). In the statement, employees sign the receipt of money.
If an employee has not received a salary at the cash desk within the prescribed time period (3 days from the date of issue), then it is deposited - delivery to the bank of the salary not received on time. In this case, the account of deposited amounts is kept in special registers or books of accounting of depositors. Payment of the deposited amounts is based on a written statement by the employee within the terms of payment of the next salary.
Payment of salary by bank transfer. transfer is carried out on the basis of a written application of the employee, with the obligatory indication of bank details. According to Art. 131 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the payment of a salary in cash. (Non-monetary) form in value cannot exceed 20% of the amount of the accrued salary.
D70-K50.51- payment of salary,
D70-K76 / 4-escrow
Cost accounting for production according to costing items. Cost accounting for production and costing (s / s) of works and services of auxiliary industries. Methods of cost accounting for production and calculation of production costs
The cost group for costing items is used in the preparation of costing (calculation of s / s unit of production), which allows you to determine what the unit costs of each type of product, s / s of individual types of work and services. Determining the costs of calculation as a way of grouping them relative to a specific unit of production allows you to track each component s / s of products (works, services) at any level.
In the main provisions for planning, accounting and costing of agricultural products, a grouping of expenses is established by costing items:
1) Raw materials;
2) Returnable waste (deductible);
3) Purchased products, semi-finished products and production services of third-party enterprises and organizations;
4) Fuel and energy for technological purposes;
5) Wages of production workers;
6) Deductions for social needs;
7) Costs of preparation and development of production;
10) Losses from marriage;
11) Other manufacturing costs;
12) Costs of sale.
The first 11 articles form the product. the cost of production, and the result of all articles is the full s / s of the product.
To account for costs, they use the invoice 20 “main production”, 23 “auxiliary production”, 25 “ODA”, 26 “ОХР” 28 “losses from marriage”, 29 “serving production and households” 97 “expenses .periods. " By D, expenses are taken into account, by K their write-off.
At the end of the month, expenses from 25.26.28.97 are written off to 20.23.29.
With K 20,23,29 write off the fact of s / s of output.
Balance characterizes the value of the cost of wages.
Auxiliary production: - these are energy facilities serving the production of energy, transportation facilities serving the production, repair shops, packaging workshops, workshops for the production of tools, dies, spare parts, etc. Costs associated with the activities of auxiliary industries are taught . on account 23 "auxiliary production". Direct costs are directly related to the activities of auxiliary production. They are debited to account 23 from the credit of accounts for inventory accounting, settlements with employees for remuneration, etc.
Indirect costs are associated with the management and maintenance of auxiliary production. They are debited to account 23 from accounts 25 of the ODA and 26 of the OXR. Losses from defects are written off to s / s products in the period of their discovery. The cost of an irreparable marriage is debited to account 23 "Auxiliary proceedings" from the credit of account 28 "Marriage in production".
Ancillary production is intended for the performance of work (rendering of services) for the needs of the main (or service) production or for third-party organizations.
Calculation is a combination of methods of cost accounting for pr-in and calculating s / s GP.
In the present time in Russia used trace. The main methods of cost accounting: alternate, custom, process (simple), regulatory.
Cross-cutting: used in mass production with sequential processing of raw materials and materials (metallurgy, chemical, textile industry, etc.), which are carried out in several stages (phases, repartitions).
Redistribution - a set of technological operations, as a result of which raw materials are converted into semi-finished products or finished products.
Essence: Direct costs of production are reflected in accounting not by type of product, but by redistribution. Separately calculated s / s products of each redistribution. Cosv. expenses are distributed in proportion to established bases. The products obtained in each redistribution are semi-finished products of their own production.
Therefore, distinguish between semi-finished and semi-finished versions of the calculation of s / s.
The semi-finished method allows you to take into account the costs of each redistribution and the movement of semi-finished products from workshop to workshop. Semi-finished products are included in the s / s of the product as a separate article, i.e. s / s products of each redistribution consists of the costs of redistribution and s / s received semi-finished products.
The semi-finished method only considers the costs of each redistribution.
Custom: used in individual and small-scale production of complex products (shipbuilding, mechanical engineering). Order is a document. executed order to execute production. order.
Essence: The object of calculation s / s is each individual order. The unit cost of a product is determined by dividing the cost of the order by the number of products in the order.
Out-of-process (simple): it is used in industries with a limited product range and where there is no production or non-recoverable amount (in the mining industry, at power plants, etc.).
Essence: Direct and indirect costs are accounted for by costing items for the entire production of SOEs. The average s / s unit of production is determined by dividing the sum of all costs for the reporting period by the number released in the period of SOE. If WIP at the end of the period is absent, then the total value of the product. costs is the cost, otherwise the distribution of costs for the finished product and work in progress.
Regulatory: used. in manufacturing industries with mass and serial production of diverse and complex products (engineering, metalworking, sewing, shoe)
Norm - this is the minimum cost necessary for the production of products of a given quality.
The norm is the norm, character. estimated need in kind or in value form;
Regulatory costing - the amount of costs that the company will spend on a unit of output, taking into account the norms and standards in the article section.
Essence: Department. types of costs for production are accounted for by tech.
standards provided by regulatory estimates; Separately keep track of deviations fact. costs of current standards indicating the place of occurrence of deviations, causes and perpetrators of their education; take into account the changes made to the current cost standards as a result of the implementation of organizational and technical measures, and determine the impact of these changes on agricultural products. Fact. s / s is calculated in one of the ways:
· If the object of accounting are Dep. types of products, the deviation from the norms and their changes are attributed to these types of products directly. Fact. the cost is determined by the formula:
Costs fact. \u003d Normative costs + The amount of deviations from the norms + The amount of changes in norms.
· If the accounting object is a group of homogeneous types of products, then a fact. s / s of each type is obtained by distributing deviations from the norms and changing the norms in proportion to the norms of costs for the production of each type of product.
Types of deviations: deviation of costs of basic materials, deviation of direct labor costs, ODA. Each of the deviations can be caused by only two reasons: a change in the planned price of the resource and a change in the planned volume of resource consumption
Credit 70 accounts shows all financial estimates for each employee. Each organization, regardless of the direction of work and the number of employees, has a whole accounting staff (or a specialist in the singular) that deal with wage issues.
A correctly calculated and accrued amount is the correspondence of several accounts involved in this operation and the guarantee of a long and productive activity of each employee.
The general information that goes to the credit of the 70 account shows what financial calculations were carried out for an individual employee for a certain reporting period.
What does the score reflect and how is it useful ?!
In addition to the fact that credit 70 of the account shows the salary (statutory salary), it also includes an additional list of payments and accruals that are made in favor of workers.
Among them:
- various bonuses;
- surcharges (harmful conditions, multi-shift schedule, overtime, etc.);
- possible allowances (for a high level of qualification, combination of professions, etc.);
- bonuses for achieving high performance in work.
In addition, the score also reflects:
- payment of pensions for pensioners working at the enterprise;
- deductions (targeted, mandatory, etc.), which include alimony, pension contributions, the amount of personal income tax, various types of compensation for harm, loss of breadwinner, etc.
For the convenience of reflection and vision of the full picture, it is advisable to conduct all postings (analytics) for each employee separately.
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How are settlements made when a 70 credit account ?!
According to the definition, salary refers to the expenses of the enterprise at the moment when it has an obligation to pay it, that is, every hour that the employee worked.
Based on the instructions, such a need to pay for labor appears when several points occur.
- Monthly salary, as well as bonuses to employees. Credit 70 of the account in this embodiment corresponds with debit, responsible for various production costs. This is the 44th "Cost of sales", and the 20th "Main production", and others.
It should be borne in mind that salary payments come from the cost of the enterprise, and bonuses come from own sources, so the debit of additional incentive amounts will be 91 “Other expenses”.
- Interim payments - vacation, reward for length of service. This type of reimbursement presupposes a reserve, which is replenished monthly. Naturally, all expenses that are paid due to this accumulation are necessarily distributed in the reporting periods throughout the year evenly. Here, the 70th is credited with the 96th debit “Reserves for future expenses”.
If there is a shortage of funds, the 97th “deferred expenses” is used.
- Accruals of social assistance (subsidies, pensions, etc.). The enterprise fulfills this obligation with the involvement of third parties (insurance companies, PF). Here the debit is the 69th account "Calculations for social insurance and security."
- Payments to employees related to the capital of the enterprise are offset by debit account 84 “Retained earnings”.
Debit side of settlements with employees
Answering the first part of the question “70 account, which is reflected in debit and credit”, we understand that all accruals that have been paid go into the category of debit (salaries, bonuses, pensions, allowances, etc.).
It follows that the payment of wages in cash to hands is displayed using a loan of 50 accounts "Cashier", in the case of cashless transfer of money to a card, account 51 "Settlement accounts" is used.
With the existing option of repayment of payment obligations by goods, double entries will be made, recorded in the journal as follows:
- Dt 70 Kt 90 "Revenue";
- Dt 90.2 "Cost of sales" Kt 41 "Goods".
In the event of a situation when one of the employees did not receive his salary and other money due to him (due to his own fault or personal reasons), and after three calendar days from the date of payment, the funds were not capitalized, then the hanging amount must be deposited and include the names of the workers who did not appear in the special book of depositors.
In this case, the correspondence of accounts takes the form - the debit of the 70th “Settlements with staff on remuneration”, and the loan of the 76th “Settlements on deposited amounts”.
In order to correctly display all the operations on the 70th account in analytical accounting, the responsibilities of accountants assume the need to open personal accounts for any employee individually.
Subsequently, specialists-calculators will be able to fully open the requested information for certain periods at any time at the request of the employee.
Score 70: active or passive (and why is it used in accounting)?
Account 70 is used to record payroll settlements with staff.
But first of all, we will answer the question: account 70 - active or passive, in order to know what types of objects are taken into account on it and how they are associated with offsetting accounts.
The account in question is passive, since it reflects the company's obligations to pay salaries as a liability. Credit account 70 shows payroll. That is, the loan reflects the amount of obligations. Liabilities increase - credit grows (this is one of the characteristics of a passive account).
The debit of account 70 shows:
- repayment of liabilities reflected on the credit side of accruals (that is, reflects salary payment transactions);
- repayment of obligations related to deductions from salaries (tax, alimony, compensation) - these obligations are fulfilled by the employer as the ultimate "collector" of debt.
You can learn more about the nature of debit and credit, about the criteria for classifying an account as passive or active in the article “Rules for Compiling Postings in Accounting”.
Let us consider in more detail which particular transactions are recorded in the debit and credit of account 70 in practice.
Let's start with the credit side of account 70 accounting.
What the credit of account 70 shows: payroll postings
Salary accrual in an organization includes virtually the only group of operations that are shown on account 70, those that are related to the accrual of salaries on the basis of labor or civil law contracts (vacation pay, hospital payments at the employer's expense).
Salary calculation is shown by posting Dt 20 (23, 25, 26, 44 ...) Kt 70. Liability increases on account 70 - by the amount of the obligation to pay wages. An asset increases in a cost account - in the form of salary expenses.
The posting amount corresponds to the total amount of wages together with personal income tax. This is due to the fact that de jure tax is paid on the income of the employee. Personal income tax may not be charged if an employee receives a tax deduction in the billing period.
The following accounts can be used to record labor costs:
- 08 (if salary is accrued to employees employed in the construction (creation) of the fixed asset object);
- 23 (if settlements are carried out on auxiliary production);
- 25 (if salary is paid to employees of service divisions);
- 26 (if salaries are paid to management and managers);
- 44 (if salary is paid to the sales department or to a trading company);
- 96 (if vacation pay is paid from the reserve).
Note that operations related to the calculation of insurance premiums are not shown in any way on account 70, despite the fact that the fact of accruing these contributions is related to the payment of wages. The fact is that the employer pays contributions de jure at his own expense, without deducting from the employee’s salary itself.
Key contribution transactions:
Do not know your rights?
- Dt 20 (23.25 ...) Kt 69 (contributions accrued);
- Dt 69 Kt 51 (contributions are listed in the budget).
At the same time correspondence accounts 70 and 69 are possible. For example, if there is a sick pay for subsequent compensation from the FSS, then this is shown by posting Dt 69 Kt 70.
Now let's see the posting to account 70 on the debit.
What the debit of account 70 shows: postings
On the debit side of account 70 are recorded:
- Withholding personal income tax from wages.
Here the posting is applied: Dt 70 Kt 68 (13% (or 30% if the physicist is non-resident) of the amount reflected in the accrued wages). The amount of salary payable on account 70 is reduced, because the employer, as a tax agent, withholds the calculated income tax on individuals, increasing the credit balance on the account. 68 (sub-personal income tax).
The subsequent transfer of personal income tax to the budget is reflected in the posting of Dt 68 Kt 51. Other deductions from wages are also possible. For example, a child support warrant:
- Dt 70 Kt 76 - alimony withheld;
- Dt 76 Kt 51 - child support is transferred to the recipient .
- Payment of wages.
Posting Dt 70 Kt 51 (if salary is issued to the current account) or Dt 70 Kt 50 (if salary is issued in cash from the cash desk). The amount to be disbursed is that which remained on the credit of account 70 (credit balance), that is, minus personal income tax (and other deductions, if any).
In practice, debit and credit transactions can be visualized using the balance sheet of the account. Consider its specifics .
How is the balance sheet on account 70 (and the account card) applied?
One of the main tasks of applying turnover is to summarize information on settlements with employees on salary (for debit and credit of account 70 in accounting) during a settlement period (for example, a month). To consider the “analytics” of the account, both for the organization as a whole and for settlements with each employee, you should use the account card.
A typical balance sheet on account 70 reflects:
- Balance (debit or credit) on the account at the beginning of the billing period.
- Debit and credit turnover during the billing period.
- Balance at the end of the billing period.
An example of the balance sheet on account 70:
In many accounting programs, for example, 1C, the function of generating an account 70 card is implemented. It displays all correspondence on account 70 for a month (with analytics for each offsetting account - for example, 20, 51).
Account 70 in the bookkeeping reflects operations on accruals and payments of salaries. On a loan - accruals, on a debit - payments and deductions.