What is a security account? Closing a current account: the legal rights of the owner, as well as the reasons and procedure for carrying out the procedure The account is considered closed
Defines double entry. Accounts act as elements of the accounting system, and double entry describes the relationship between the elements, the direction of information flow between them. Thanks to double entry on accounts, the accounting information system is gaining dynamism, the ability to reflect not only the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of economic information, but also the movement of its flows.
Billing system - this is a way of reflecting business transactions and obtaining generalized indicators, a means of separately reflecting in a certain way grouped business assets, their sources and processes. Graphically, accounts can be presented in the form of tables in which accounts are made.
Account entries, depending on the nature of the objects being taken into account, are kept in various meters: in-kind, labor and cash. However, to obtain generalized indicators, a monetary meter is necessary.
The movement of household assets is shown in accounting as an increase or decrease in the corresponding balance sheet item.
Increases or decreases in funds and their sources are reflected separately, so the account is divided into two parts: left and right. One of them (left) is called debit, and the other (right) is called credit.
Separate accounts are opened for each accounting object.
The results of the records of the amounts of operations for debit and credit of the account are called the turnover. The difference between the amounts on one side of the account and the amounts indicated on the other side of it is called the balance, or balance. The balances may be debit or credit, depending on whether the debit exceeds the credit or vice versa. To determine the new balance, first add up the turnover, reflecting the increase in funds, with the initial balance, and then subtract the turnover, reflecting their decrease. If there is no balance, the account is considered closed.
The balances, as well as the increase and decrease of the recorded objects are recorded on different sides of the account, depending on whether this account takes into account the types of funds or their sources. Thus, in accounts reflecting the types of funds, balances and increases in the recorded object are recorded in debit, and decreases in credit. On accounts used to account for sources of funds, balances and increases are indicated in the loan, and decreases in debit.
Active and passive accounts
Depending on the accounting of types of funds or their sources, accounts are divided into active and passive.
Active accounts are those that take into account the types of funds, and passive are accounts that record their sources.
Here are the schemes of active and passive accountsAccording to such schemes, balances and operations are reflected in all accounts of accounting, but in accounting there are a number of complex accounts that differ in structure from these simple schemes. These include accounts on which business processes, financial results of business activities are taken into account. The structure of these accounts reflects the features of the recorded objects. However, their basis is also the division into active and passive. Sometimes accounts are mixed, combining the characteristics of active and passive accounts (active-passive accounts). On such accounts, a debit or a credit balance may appear, depending on the business operations and the results of the company’s activity, or a debit and credit balance, the so-called expanded balance, may appear at the same time.
Synthetic and analytical accounts
Accounts, which reflect the totality of household assets or their sources, are called synthetic. For a detailed description of accounting objects, analytical accounts are used, through which the data of synthetic accounts are detailed and concretized.
An example of such a separation can be calculations of wages with employees, where general information on the calculation and deduction from wages is reflected in the synthetic account, and information for each employee in analytical accounting.
In addition to synthetic and analytical accounts are used subaccounts, which are an intermediate link, but by their nature are closer to synthetic accounts. They are also generalized and may include various analytical accounts. So, for example, to account 10 “Materials” you can open 9 sub-accounts recommended by the Chart of Accounts
(10-1 "Raw materials", 10-2 "Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts", etc.). The company has the right to open additional sub-accounts or not to use the recommended ones. By subaccount, you can open analytical accounts according to the characteristics of the enterprise.
Double entry
Each business transaction causes changes in at least two accounting accounts, that is, business transactions are reflected in the accounts by double entry. Double entry It is a way of reflecting business transactions by which both phenomena caused by the operation are shown in mutual connection on two accounts in equal amounts: in one on debit and in the other on credit.
Account Correspondence
This change, affecting two accounting accounts, is called correspondence of accounts.
Account Correspondence - this is a form of expression of the relationship between accounts arising from the reflection in them of both phenomena caused by a business transaction. For example, the company received materials from the supplier in the amount of 25,000 rubles. In this operation, there is an increase in materials (funds) and an increase in accounts payable to suppliers (source of funds) at the enterprise.
When compiling the accounting record, two accounts will be used: “Materials” - active and “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” - passive. Consequently, in the “Materials” account, an increase in the debit will occur, and in the “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” account, an increase in debt will be shown on the loan.
The accounting record will be as follows:- The debit of the account "Materials" - 25000;
- Credit account "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" - 25000.
Accounting records affecting two accounts are called simple, while those affecting three or more accounts are called complex. For example, upon receipt of material assets from suppliers in the amount of 25,000 rubles. part of valuables in the amount of 15,000 rubles. relates to materials, and the other part in the amount of 10,000 rubles. - to the main means. In this case, one “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” is credited, and two accounts are debited: “Investments in non-current assets” in the amount of 10,000 rubles. and "Materials" in the amount of 15,000 rubles.
Turnover sheet
A double entry in accounting is used to control the correctness of the reflection of business transactions on accounts. Since each transaction in the same amount is reflected in the debited and credited accounts, the total turnover on the debit of all accounts should be equal to the total turnover on the credit of all accounts, and it is possible to draw up a revolving list.
Turnover sheet on synthetic accounting accounts is a set of turnover and balances on all synthetic accounting accounts, intended for checking accounts, drawing up a balance sheet and general familiarization with the state and changes of economic assets.
Turnover sheetThe relationship between accounts and the balance sheet consists in the fact that in the process of current accounting there is carried out a balance summarization of the results of business transactions reflected in the accounts. At the beginning of the period, accounts are filled in on the basis of the balance sheet data, and at the end of the period, the balance sheet is compiled from data arising from the accounts.
There is a classification of accounts by economic content
Household assets and sources
Accounts intended to summarize information on household assets and their sources. These include accounts for the accounting of fixed assets, material resources, finished products, cash, debtors, creditors, etc. The balances on them are reflected in the balance sheet of the enterprise.
Valuation of funds
Accounts designed to regulate the valuation of funds. They adjust the amounts of accounts of the first group. If the valuation of funds and their sources should be reduced, then the regulatory account is counter-current.
Contract accounts govern active accounts. For example, the account "Depreciation of fixed assets" regulates the valuation of fixed assets and is not reflected in the balance sheet, but independently provides information on depreciation of fixed assets. Contractual accounts also include Depreciation of Intangible Assets.
Control of individual stages of the circulation of funds of the company
Accounts designed to reflect and control the individual stages of the circulation of funds of the enterprise.
They are divided into costing and collective distribution:- Costing - these are accounts that reflect the cost of developed and sold products. These include accounts "Main production", "Auxiliary production", "Investments in non-current assets". The balance of these accounts is reflected in the balance sheet of the enterprise.
- Collection and distribution Accounts are intended for the collection and distribution of expenses for individual types and stages of production. This group includes accounts "General expenses", "General expenses", "Costs for sale". At the end of the reporting period, the account data is closed, that is, the expenses collected on them are distributed between accounting objects, they do not have a carry-over and are not reflected in the balance sheet of the enterprise.
Formation and use of financial results
Accounts intended to summarize information on the formation and use of the financial results of the enterprise in the reporting year. These include accounts "Sales", "Profit and loss", "Other income and expenses", "Retained earnings", "deferred income". Balances on them are reflected in the balance sheet of the enterprise.
Off-balance accounts
Off-balance accounts are intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of values \u200b\u200bthat do not belong to the enterprise, but are temporarily in its use or disposal. These include such accounts as “Leased fixed assets”, “Inventories accepted for safekeeping”, etc. They do not correspond with other accounts. They make one-sided entries - only on debit or on credit.
Chart of accounts
A systematic list of accounting accounts is presented in the Chart of Accounts, entered into force on January 1, 2001. According to the current Chart of Accounts, accounting should be organized at enterprises of all industries and types of activities (except banks, insurance and budget organizations), regardless of subordination, form of ownership, legal form. The chart of accounts contains the names and codes of synthetic accounts and sub-accounts. Synthetic accounts have a two-digit encoding from 01 to 99. Off-balance accounts - a three-digit encoding from 001 to 011. The instructions for using the Chart of Accounts indicate the basic principles of maintaining and organizing accounting, characteristics of accounts, correspondence of accounts with other accounting accounts.
An account whose debit equals credit, usually as a result of a closing record. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of Business Terms
ACCOUNT CLOSED
The account of a legal or natural person, closed for him by certain measures or by direct decision of the government, court ...
ACCOUNT CLOSED - an account whose debit is equal to a loan usually as a result of a closing record ... Big economic dictionary
ACCOUNT, BANKING BLOCKED - 1. an account of a legal or natural person, closed for him by certain measures or by direct decision of the government, court; 2. a bank account from which money cannot be withdrawn for a number of reasons, the most probable of which is that ... ... Great accounting dictionary
balanced score - closed account; an account in which the results of debit and credit are equalized by the corresponding balance ... Reference Commercial Dictionary
Confidential (closed) factoring - - the type of factoring in which the buyer is not notified that claims are assigned to the factor, that is, the factoring company or the bank. For example, a company delivered its products to a certain customer on a deferred payment basis. When ... ... Banking Encyclopedia
hamburg account - on the assessment of something without discounts and concessions, with the utmost discretion. From the collection of critical articles by V. Shklovsky entitled “Hamburg Account” (1928). In the preface, Shklovsky wrote that he had heard the expression on the Hamburg account from ... ... Phraseology Reference
Closed list of operations, the right to carry out which belongs to credit organizations on an exclusive basis. In accordance with the Federal Law “On Banks and Banking Activities”, banking operations include: raising funds ... ... Wikipedia
Infrastructure - (Infrastructure) Infrastructure is a complex of interconnected service structures or objects Transport, social, road, market, innovative infrastructure, their development and elements Content \u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e ... Encyclopedia of the investor
Masterforex-v - (MasterForex 5) Masterforex V is a training online project in the Forex currency market Exposing the training project Masterforex V, organizer and teachers of the fraudulent Academy Masterforex 5, methods of deceiving project clients ... ... Encyclopedia of the investor
8.1. The basis for closing a bank account is the termination of the bank account agreement, including in the case established by paragraph three of paragraph 5.2 of Article 7 of Federal Law N 115-ФЗ.
8.2. After the termination of the bank account agreement, credit and debit operations on the client’s account are not carried out, with the exception of operations provided for in clause 8.3 of this Instruction. The funds received by the client after the termination of the bank account agreement are returned to the sender.
8.3. After the termination of the bank account agreement before the expiration of seven days after receipt of the corresponding written application of the client, the bank shall issue cash balance from the bank account to the client in cash or transfer funds by payment order.
In case the client fails to appear after receiving the cash balance in the bank account within sixty days from the date of sending, in accordance with the first paragraph of clause 3 of Article 859 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, to the client, the notice of termination of the bank account agreement or the bank does not receive the client’s instructions within the indicated period When transferring the amount of cash balance to another account, the bank is obliged to credit the money in accordance with the first paragraph of clause 6 of Article 859 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation funds to a special account with the Bank of Russia opened in accordance with Bank of Russia Ordinance No. 3026-U dated July 15, 2013 “On a special account with the Bank of Russia” registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on August 16, 2013 No. 29423 (“Bank of Russia Bulletin” dated August 28, 2013 N 47).
8.4. In connection with the termination of the bank account agreement, the client is obliged to return to the bank unused cash checkbooks with the remaining unused cash checks and roots in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
8.5. In the absence of funds in the bank account, a record of the closure of the corresponding personal account shall be entered in the Book of registration of open accounts no later than the business day following the day of termination of the bank account agreement, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The presence of restrictions on the disposal of funds in the bank account as provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the absence of funds in the bank account does not preclude the entry of the closure of the corresponding personal account in the Open Account Registration Book.
If there is money in the bank account on the day of termination of the bank account agreement, a record of the closure of the corresponding personal account is entered in the Open Account Registration Book no later than the business day following the day the money is debited from the bank account.
In the event of termination of the bank account agreement in the presence of the restrictions provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation for the disposal of funds in the bank account and in the presence of money in the account, the entry on the closure of the corresponding personal account in the Registration Book of open accounts is made after the cancellation of these restrictions no later than the business day following the day the funds are debited from the bank account.
The presence of outstanding orders on the transfer of funds does not prevent the termination of the bank account agreement and the entry on the closure of the corresponding personal account in the Book of registration of open accounts.
8.6. To close the bank account of the debtor during bankruptcy proceedings, during the sale of property of a citizen, including an individual entrepreneur, declared insolvent (bankrupt), the bankruptcy trustee (financial manager) shall present an identification document, a copy of the judicial act confirming the bankruptcy trustee in the case on insolvency (bankruptcy) (on approval of a financial manager for participation in the procedure for the sale of property of a citizen), a written statement on the closure of a bank o account with the details of the bank account to which the balance of funds in the account is to be transferred, the details of the bank of the recipient of funds. If the order to transfer the balance of funds in the bank account is drawn up and signed by the bank, the card is not presented to the bank.
(see text in previous edition)
8.7. Upon termination of the nominal account agreement, the bank transfers the balance of funds by payment order to another nominal account of the client - the account holder or issues the beneficiary in cash or (unless otherwise provided by law or the nominal account agreement or follows from the substance of the relationship) transfers the payment order by indicating the beneficiary to another account.
Unless otherwise provided by agreement between the depositing client and the beneficiary, upon termination of the escrow account agreement, the bank transfers cash balance to the depositing client in cash or transfers funds to the depositing client with a payment order or, if there are grounds for transferring funds to the beneficiary, it issues to the beneficiary in cash or transfers funds to the beneficiary with a payment order.
Close score the bank may need it for a number of reasons, for example, if the bank is no longer going to use a credit card, and the service fee under the terms of the contract continues to be charged
Bank account closing procedure
First of all, the owner of the current account must find out if he has any debt. You always need to start with this - not a single bank will close an account even temporarily, if there is a minus on it. You can find out about the availability of debt by calling the hotline number.
A further algorithm is as follows:
- 1. Translation money. If the account balance is positive, the client, at closing, can transfer funds to an account with another bank, however, the sender will require a fee for the transfer. If the amount of the balance is less than the amount of the commission, you will either have to transfer it to another account of the same bank (this is without commission), or receive them in cash in cash.
- 2. Application. An application form is given by a bank employee. Important: you must ask the employee to make a copy of the application, put a mark on acceptance and give it to you - this way you can protect yourself from a situation where employees simply forget to send the document. By the way, the bank, as a rule, processes the application only on the day after registration, and for this day interest on the loan will also be accrued. Therefore, it is still better to leave a small margin on the account balance.
- 3. Data reconciliation. A bank employee will ask you for documents in order to clarify whether the passport data converges. A photocopy of your passport may also be required, as well as checkbooks (if any).
- 4. Waiting. Closing occurs on average within 5 business days. When the closure occurs, the bank employee will notify you by telephone. To receive a written document on account closure, you will have to contact the department again.
Grounds for closing an account
There are 4 reasons for closing an account:
- 1. The desire of the bank.The bank has the right to close an account without agreement with the client in the event that no operations on the account have been completed within 2 years and there is no money in the account. Previously, the bank notifies the client by letter - the client is given 2 months to indicate his interest in maintaining the account.
- 2. The desire of the client. The client himself can ask to close the account at any time, regardless of whether there is money in the account (but only in the absence of debt).
- 3. Mutual consent. The bank and the client are ready to conclude the cooperation peacefully and without claims to each other.
- 4. The decision of the court. The bank may apply to the court with a request to terminate the bank account agreement if no operations were performed on the account during the year. Also, the bank can go to court if there are reasonable suspicions of using an account for money laundering (according to Federal Law No. 115). The court freezes the account, after which any operations for the client become unavailable.
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Any individual or legal entity may face the problem of closure at the bank. Such a need may arise in the event of a bank change, the termination of the enterprise, its liquidation and in other situations. About how to properly terminate your relationship with the bank, we will tell you in this article.
What to do if you need to close a bank account
If you have a need to close a bank account, regardless of whether temporarily or permanently, you need to follow step by step the following instructions.- The first thing you should do is go to the bank branch where you opened the account and notify the bank employee of your intention to close the bank account. You must have with you all documents containing information about the account, such as a card, passbook and others, as well as a passport;
- You need to write an application on the form that you will be provided with at the bank branch. Without fail, after filling out the application, the employee must verify the data indicated in it with the information specified in your passport. The application will be accepted only if all the data matches. From the moment the application is completed, it is considered that the contract between the client and the bank is terminated;
- After this operation, you must pass all the documents in your hands that are tied to the account;
- Further, you can receive cash that remained in your account (in case if not all money was withdrawn from the account) or transfer money from a closed account to a new one;
- A few days later you should receive a notification that the account closure procedure was successful and has already been completed. This notice should be referred to the tax office within seven days after receiving it.
Procedure for closing a deposit account in a bank
If you have a deposit and its term has come to an end, or you need to withdraw the accumulated amount ahead of schedule, you can close the deposit account, while taking the deposit from the bank. The procedure for closing a deposit account with a bank coincides exactly with the procedure described above. It is necessary to take all steps from writing an application to receiving notification of account closure.Closing a credit account with a bank
The situation with the credit account is a little different. There are several nuances that must be taken into account when closing an account. There is a clear restriction according to which the account to which the loan was issued can be closed only after the loan has been fully repaid. If you have no debts and the entire amount paid to a penny, you can not worry, you account will be closed without problems. To do this, again, you need to go to the bank and write a statement. There are cases when the account is closed within forty-five days. This is because the bank needs a certain amount of time in order to calculate all operations. Suppose, it’s possible that during this time data about expenses from a credit card will be received. If the loan is large, for example, a car loan or a mortgage, then in order to avoid problems, you should contact the bank after forty-five days and make a request for a certificate of account closure. This document will be a confirmation that you have fulfilled all loan obligations.What will happen if you do not close your bank account
Most people believe that if a bank card expires, you can simply throw it away, and at the same time, their bank account will cease to exist. In fact, this is a big mistake, because even after the card expires, the bank account can remain active. If the account is not operated for a long time, the bank applies a special procedure for closing the account. In this case, the funds from the account are transferred to a separate bank account. The bank’s obligations include maintaining a register of customers, which contains information on balances, this is necessary so that the client subsequently can withdraw their funds. While the bank has an account, the bank works with it and performs the services you ordered. Thus, if you have a deposit open, you are accrued income, if a loan - you have a growing debt. Even one penny left on the account will not go unnoticed and will work.- Service apartment - your own housing or someone else's living space?
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