Estimated temporary power supply for the construction site. How to organize temporary power supply at a construction site? Features of connecting to existing power grids
General design requirements
1. Provision of electricity in the required quantity and quality.
2. The flexibility of the electrical circuit, that is, the ability to power consumers in all areas of construction.
3. Reliability of power supply.
4. Minimizing the cost of a temporary device, minimizing network loss.
Network Design Procedure
1. Calculate electrical loads
2. Determine the number and power of transformer substations
3. Identify objects of the first category that require backup power.
4. They have transformer substations on the SGP, as well as power and lighting networks.
5. Draw up a power supply diagram.
Calculation of electrical loads is performed by specific electric power and installed power of current collectors.
The first method performs the calculation of loads for the development of a general site-specific construction site as part of the construction organization project. The method is based on statistical data on electricity consumption per one million rubles of annual construction and installation work. It depends on the type of construction and its industry structure.
In the design of PPR loads are calculated based on the installed capacity of power consumers of electricity consumers.
Formula 5
RS - power load to ensure the operation of machines and mechanisms, as well as welding equipment
RT - the load on the implementation of construction works, i.e. technological processes
Moat - interior lighting
Ron - outdoor lighting
ks, kt, ko - demand coefficients, which depend on the number of customers
Cos fi - power factor, which depends on the number and load of power consumers
RS, RT are accepted according to documents for machinery, as well as directories or directories
Moat, Ron is determined by the specific power indicators for the construction site
Sources of electricity are transformer substations stationary or mobile type. Stationary build in the preparatory period of construction. Mobile use at facilities not provided with a constant power supply.
When constructing an object in undeveloped areas or in the absence of sources or power supply networks during the preparatory period for construction, temporary mobile power stations of small or medium power are used. Power plants with diesel engines are also often used.
The temporary power supply scheme includes:
1. Power Sources
2. Electricity consumers
3. Power points (switch)
4. Distribution networks
When designing, they provide for laying temporary networks of a closed radial or mixed type.
Mobile inventory buildings
Temporary buildings and structures are being erected to ensure production and installation work for the placement and consumer services of workers at construction sites. By appointment, they are industrial, administrative and sanitary. Building collapsible typemainly used for organizing closed storage of materials, production of various products, placement of construction management apparatus and catering facilities.
Advantages:
1. Applications of relatively small and lightweight structures
2. A variety of space-layout arrangements
3. The versatility of their use
Disadvantages:
1. Large labor costs for assembly and disassembly
2. The need for a foundation device
3. The need for laying indoor electrical, water supply networks
Container buildings - volumetric-spatial construction of frame-panel type. The frame is usually made of rolled steel, the enclosing wall structures are usually made of wood or panels with a sheath made of steel profiled sheet. The roof is usually flat (roll or steel). Overall dimensions of change houses are 6 m long, 3 m wide and 2.7 m high.
Mobile buildings best meet mobility requirements. They consist of a body and chassis rigidly interconnected. They are used for domestic, administrative, industrial and storage facilities at facilities with a relatively short construction time. They are the most expensive.
Design of temporary buildings and structures
The need for administrative and sanitary facilities depends on the number of workers and engineers engaged in construction. When developing a PIC, the number of workers is determined for the period of maximum deployment of the construction of the complex according to the norms of one million rubles of the annual amount of construction and installation works or according to the schedule for financing construction, taking into account production.
In the development of PPR, the number of workers is determined by the schedule of movement of human resources during the period of their maximum need in two shifts. The number of engineers and technicians for employees of junior service personnel averages about 16% of the total number of workers, namely engineers and engineers - 8% of the number of employees, employees - 5%, junior service personnel and security - 3%. In accordance with the established number of personnel and the requirements for temporary buildings and structures for various purposes, determine the estimated area of \u200b\u200bthese buildings. It is possible to use existing buildings to accommodate workers. Then complete the necessary number of temporary buildings. Rounding is performed upwards.
The last task in the design is the placement of temporary buildings in the territory with their reference. At the same time, administrative buildings are located at the entrance to the construction site, sanitary buildings are located near the areas of maximum concentration of workers. The buildings are located in compliance with fire safety standards and safety rules outside the hazardous areas of installation cranes, and also no closer than 50 meters from technological plants with the release of dust, gases and harmful fumes. Premises for heating workers should be at a distance of no more than 150 meters from workplaces.
Organization of the material and technical base of construction
Material and technical base (MTB) is a system of enterprises and farms of construction organizations, enterprises of the building materials industry, as well as industries serving construction. Accordingly, MTB includes:
1. Construction and installation link
2. Industrial link
3. Infrastructure link
The construction and installation link includes: construction and installation organizations engaged in the process of erecting buildings and structures completed by the construction of buildings.
Production Capacity- Estimated maximum possible output per unit of time with the most complete use of production equipment and space according to progressive standards of advanced technology and organization of production. The capacity of the construction and installation organization is determined by the volume of production depending on the number of products manufactured, the number of workers and the volume of fixed assets, organizations can be large, medium and small.
A. Specialization- a form of rational organization of production, ensuring a reduction in the range of products. By the degree of specialization, construction and installation organizations can be:
1. Specialized - the organization produces construction products that are homogeneous in terms of their design and technological characteristics and perform homogeneous types of work.
2. Universal - it produces a variety of products with structural and technological features and performs a variety of technology types of work.
B. By type of specialization:
1. Industry - the organization is focused on the implementation of construction and installation works in a particular industry
2. Technological - construction - installation organization is focused on the implementation of homogeneous technology types of work (finishing work)
3. Subject - the organization is focused on the production of construction products homogeneous for their intended purpose (residential buildings, cultural facilities, construction of industrial buildings).
Industrial - production link- enterprises providing construction with materials, products, structures. According to their organizational structure of specialization and cooperation, they are divided into 4 groups:
1. Highly specialized (supply of sand, gravel, cement, etc.)
2. Specialized are organized on the basis of enterprises of other industries and recycle waste from these enterprises (production of wall panels, cementitious materials)
3. Enterprises for the production of building structures, materials, products of limited regional consumption (reinforced concrete, microns, dk, concrete and mortar).
4. Enterprises that are part of the construction and installation organizations (mortar concrete units, the production of carpentry).
Infrastructure Link- enterprises providing interaction between construction and installation organizations and carry out transport communications between them. Include:
1. Transportation of structures, products and materials
2. Warehousing and storage of structures, materials and products
3. Production and technological equipment for facilities
4. Maintenance and repair of machinery, mechanisms and equipment
5. Vocational training and retraining
6. Creation of social conditions
Production and technological equipment (PTK)
PTK - a form of organization and management of material and technical support for construction. The main objective of the PTK is to form kits and to ensure their delivery to the construction site. Also, the bases produce the missing elements, produce an enlarged assembly of elements. Carry out cutting and trimming of rolled materials, etc. During the construction of facilities, the need for complete sets of structures and products should be consistent and fully consistent with the schedule of work on a particular facility. PTC services are connected, on the one hand, with suppliers of raw materials, and on the other hand, receive kits. The PTK bases have two functions, supply and production. The main functions are:
1. Preparation of annual, quarterly, monthly and weekly-daily configuration plans.
2. Drawing up specifications of designs and products.
3. Drawing up and coordination of delivery schedules of sets of products and structures to construction sites.
The functions of the PTC also include the development of measures to increase the efficiency of material support for construction projects to save materials and monitor compliance with the assembly and delivery schedules. As PTC services, offices or the PTC office (UPTK) can act. UPTK usually includes:
1. Management apparatus: departments and groups
2. Industrial - manufacturing enterprises, including workshops and sites for the processing of initial building materials and products
3. Linear transport units, including automobile and railway transport sections, as well as mechanization sections
4. Dispatching service, which is mainly responsible for coordinating work, monitoring compliance with supply schedules, picking schedules and delivery schedules.
Industrial production unit can be combined into production and assembly bases. It includes workshops for the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, carpentry, metal products, cutting materials, packaging, as well as the completion of sanitary and electrical equipment. The feasibility of creating a PTC in each case is established by comparing the total benefits with the total costs of its creation and operation.
Basic principles for the development and deployment of the material and technical base of construction
The principles are to meet the demand for materials, structures in the advanced development of the material and technical base in comparison with the increase in construction volumes in the development of cooperation, in the creation of production capacities through technical re-equipment, reconstruction and commissioning of new industries in the orientation towards the use of local raw materials, and also in the application of new technologies. The following factors influence the placement and development of the material and technical base:
1. Availability of demand for building materials
2. Availability of markets and proximity of consumption centers
3. Availability and cost of raw materials and labor
4. Availability and cost of fuel and energy resources and transport system
5. Availability of investment opportunities
6. State and tax policy, etc.
The main stages of a feasibility study are:
1. Market and demand research for specific products
2. The study of material factors of production, focusing on local material resources, determining the need for raw materials, materials and semi-finished products, analysis of the possibility of their supply in the present and future
3. Study of placements and preliminary assessment of the land
4. Preliminary design and development, technology selection and determination of enterprise capacity
5. Preliminary development of organizational structure and enterprise management, study of labor requirements
6. Enterprise Duration Planning
7. Economic assessment, financial performance assessment, commercial assessment, decision-making on the appropriateness of making the chosen option
When considering this issue, it is necessary to take into account the work of the enterprise for the long term up to 20 years.
Types of enterprises and farms of the production base
Enterprises can serve construction sites and sources of raw materials in a particular area or individual construction sites, or the construction of a large facility. Enterprises can be district, inter-district or local. Local are part of the construction and installation organizations and are called manufacturing enterprises of the bases of construction organizations. They usually include the following enterprises:
1. Enterprises for the extraction of non-metallic materials and raw materials
2. Wall Material Manufacturers
3. Enterprises for the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and products
4. Concrete and mortar enterprises
5. Cement and aggregate storage facilities
6. reinforcing shops
7. Enterprises for the manufacture of thermal insulation materials and products
8. Finishing materials manufacturing enterprises
9. Mechanization bases with mechanical repair shops
10. Automobile depots with machines, mechanisms and equipment, enterprises and workshops of specialized construction organizations (electrical, plumbing, etc.)
11. Warehouse bases of logistics
12. Steam and compressed air enterprises
13. Social and household manufacturing enterprises
Organization of operation of a fleet of construction vehicles
The organization of the fleet depends on the adopted technology for the production of works, on the structural characteristics of the building and on the conditions of the existing territory adjacent to the facility. In the construction of new facilities, traditional equipment is used, and at the objects of reconstruction and expansion, mobile small-sized construction equipment is used. The total need for construction machines is determined by summing up the needs for individual types of machines designed to perform certain types of work. The composition of the quantity and fleet of vehicles can be determined in three ways:
1. According to standard design indicators for one million rubles of construction and installation work when calculating PIC. The list number of machines for each type of work is determined: M \u003d m * S * k - the consumption rate of this type of machine for one million rubles; C is the volume of construction and installation works performed by the construction company’s own forces (in million rubles); k - coefficient taking into account the climatic conditions in the region.
2. According to the replaceable performance of the machine, installed taking into account local construction conditions, the total amount of work performed during the development of PPR. M \u003d V / (PEXP * T * Kisp. V - the volume of work of this type in physical units; Peksp - the performance of the machine operational (hour or shift); T - the operating time of this machine for the corresponding period (hour or shift); Kisp - Intershift utilization rate.
3. Calculation according to the norm of machine time (mash-hour) for the implementation of a unit of this type of product and the selected method of mechanization of work during the development of PPR M \u003d (V * HBP) \u200b\u200b/ (T * Kisp). HBP - the norm of time (mash-hour).
To assess the use of the construction machinery fleet, the following indicators are used:
1. The utilization of the calendar time of the machine
2. The rate of use of the machine in time
3. The utilization rate of the shift time of this machine
4. Machine shift factor
5. Machine Performance Standards
Organizational forms of operation of the sashinny park
Depend on the specific construction conditions, type and size of the enterprise. Distinguish:
1. Construction machines and mechanisms are on the balance sheet of small construction organizations. This allows you to quickly manage them, but with this form of ownership it is extremely difficult to create conditions for their maintenance and repair. After-sales service in specialized enterprises will entail a large amount of time for transportation, diagnosis, waiting and self-service, which reduces the rate of use of this equipment.
2. Machines are on the balance of specialized units of mechanization, which are part of large construction organizations. These enterprises create their own repair facilities, which ensures the proper maintenance of construction equipment and its effective use.
3. When cars are on the balance sheet and as part of mechanization enterprises
4. When the car is on the balance of leasing companies specializing in the delivery of the same type and universal machines for different periods of time under a lease agreement.
Organization of exploitation of small-scale mechanization
Means of small mechanization include machines and mechanisms of low power:
1. Tractors and bulldozers up to 75 hp
2. Excavators with bucket capacity up to 0.4 m3
3. Truck cranes up to 7.5 t
4. Forklift trucks up to 2 t
5. Concrete and mortar mixers with a capacity of up to 250 l
6. Plastering and painting stations
7. Winches and hoists with a loading capacity of up to 1 t, etc.
The use of small-scale mechanization is one of the factors in reducing manual labor, increasing efficiency and quality during construction work. The most effective form of organizing the operation of small-scale mechanization means is to concentrate them in specialized units, namely in offices or sections of small-scale mechanization. They are formed as part of mechanization enterprises or large contracting construction organizations, in which there is a need to organize their own base and repair activities. The relationship of small-scale mechanization enterprises with construction firms is determined by the terms of the contract, which stipulate:
1. Volumes and deadlines
2. The composition of technological sets of small-scale mechanization equipment and the duration with the terms of their provision to construction organizations
3. The duty of a construction organization to prepare the front of work and ensure their safe implementation, as well as the protection of mechanization equipment at construction sites
4. Calculation procedure for the volume of work performed
5. Property and legal liability of the parties for violation of the terms of the contract.
On the basis of the adopted program and the concluded contract, then monthly plans are developed for the work schedules of the brigades and the means of small-scale mechanization are distributed.
Complex mechanization in construction
This is a method of production of work in which all the main and auxiliary processes are performed in a mechanized way, using machines and mechanisms interconnected by basic parameters. At the same time, the use of manual labor is allowed only to perform auxiliary work insignificant in labor intensity. When interconnecting the performance of each element, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of the flow chart of the organization of work. The formation of a set of machines begins with determining the type and number of leading machines. After that, the types and number of auxiliary machines will be determined, and the selection will be carried out in such a way that their productivity is equal to, or slightly larger relative to the productivity of the driving machine, but at the same time they correspond to the main flow parameter, namely, the intensity of output of the finished product. The use of integrated mechanization is characterized by indicators of the level of mechanization of work and the level of mechanization of labor. The level of mechanization of work is determined by:
Vmekh - the volume of mechanized work
Vtotal - the total amount of work
The level of mechanization of labor is determined
Nmekh - the number of workers in mechanized jobs
Ncc - average number of workers
Calculations of construction organizations with the units of mechanization carry out:
1. At the estimated cost of self-constructed construction work
2. At planned prices for the actual amount of work performed or the operational cost of the machine for the actually worked time
3. Under leasing agreements
4. At contractual prices or estimated prices separately for the transportation of construction equipment, installation and dismantling of construction vehicles, installation of a crane track, etc.
Estimated cost of operation: Sexpl \u003d sm.h * T * Knr
See hour - the cost of one machine-hour of work
T - total time worked by the machine
China - overhead ratio
The cost of a machine-hour: Sm.hour \u003d Sed / That + Sg / Tg + St.h.
Sed - one-time costs, include costs for transportation, installation and dismantling of machines, for rearrangement within the construction site, as well as for creating the necessary conditions for the proper operation of the machine
Cg - annual costs, include annual depreciation, capital repairs, modernization of the machine during its operation
St. hour - current operating costs for one machine-hour of work, includes the costs of maintenance personnel, for fuels and lubricants, for operational materials, for maintenance and current repair of the machine
That is the total number of hours the car was at the facility in hours
Tg - the amount of use of the machine during the year in hours
The planning of the work of mechanization enterprises is carried out on the basis of a direct contract with construction organizations, in which, in addition to the volumes, terms and methods of work, organizational and technical issues must be prescribed, the implementation of which requires:
1. Mechanization enterprises should select machines in technically sound condition, and in cases of picking from service personnel, send drivers of the appropriate qualifications with documents on the right to operate this machine
2. Carry out diagnostics of machines, perform maintenance and repairs according to pre-approved schedules
3. Provide fuel and lubricants
4. Construction organizations to provide the machine with the front of work, as well as access roads to the place of their work
5. Organize the operation of the machine with the conditions for their safe operation
6. To equip the team servicing the work of the machine with a permanent team of workers of the appropriate qualifications
7. Ensure adequate lighting of the facility and protection of cars during off-hours
8. Take into account the operation of the machine, their actual location on the object with the preparation of relevant documents
The operational mission is to coordinate the work of all its units in cooperation with construction organizations. The main tasks of operational management are:
1. Monitoring the operation of machines and mechanisms
2. Ensuring continuous interaction with construction and installation organizations on issues arising in the course of work
3. Collection of applications from enterprises for the supply of necessary machines and mechanisms
4. Development of monthly operational plans and weekly daily work schedules of machines and mechanisms
One of the forms of organization of operational management is the operational dispatch service. The guarantee of reliable operation of the machines is their maintenance and repair. Their dates are determined on the basis of operational and repair documentation of manufacturers, as well as on the basis of requirements and rules of the technical condition of the machine and its safe operation. The service is also carried out according to the requirements of the state city technical supervision, state traffic inspectorate, state energy supervision, as well as state regulatory and technical documents. Types of maintenance: shifts, periodic and seasonal. To maintain the health of the machine during its transportation or during storage, perform special maintenance, in accordance with the requirements of operational and repair documentation.
Shift service is performed before, during and after the end of the shift by the driver. Includes: visual inspection, completeness of the machine, oil and fuel levels, etc.
Maintenance carried out after certain periods of time (they are set by the manufacturer) mainly involves inspection, cleaning, technical diagnosis, adjustment, lubrication and testing. Each type of maintenance, depending on the frequency of the work and the scope of work, is assigned a serial number (then1, then2, etc.). Maintenance provides restoration of the machine’s life to the next scheduled repair, in which partial dismantling of the machine is allowed, troubleshooting in individual assembly units, in volumes determined by the technical condition.
Overhaul ensures the restoration of a full or close to the full resource of the machine by repairing and replacing individual units, assemblies or parts, including basic ones, assuming their complete disassembly. The annual plan determines the need for labor and material resources, as well as the number of scheduled and technical services or repairs for each machine. Repair can be carried out by the following methods:
1. Individual
2. Aggregate
3. Complex
In the individual method, the part removed from the car is sent for repair, after which it is installed on the native car. The disadvantage of this method is a simple machine during the entire repair
Now many people, starting the construction of housing, immediately face the issue of its power supply. Even the very first action - the construction of the foundation requires the use of a concrete mixer, which does not work without electricity.
Therefore, you have to look for options for creating a temporary power point and choose the most suitable method.
Electricity requirements for the construction site
So that the progress of work does not break, and all the tools work well, it is necessary to have electrical energy that differs:
1. quality that provides nominal frequency and voltage parameters for good performance of building mechanisms;
2. reliability and stability, eliminating the loss of power during the execution of work;
3. safety of the application, creating maximum protection of people from getting electrical injuries.
In this case, it will be necessary to resolve legislative issues related to connecting to existing energy lines to allocate sufficient capacity, which leads to certain financial costs.
Organizational factors for building site electrification
The specific conditions for the location of the site impose features on the choice of the method of power supply for construction. The developer has to consider many requirements, including:
remoteness from objects of electric networks;
the tasks of the building under construction: cottage, residential building, technical room;
connection option: stationary or only at the time of construction;
the amount of allocated capacity and methods of payment for overspending;
supplier reliability guarantees;
quality of highways for connection;
application deadlines and much more.
Based on the results of solving these problems, one of the options is selected:
1. connection to fixed networks;
2. The use of autonomous energy sources.
When using state-owned power supply facilities, the following may be created:
permanent connection methods;
temporary electricity supply schemes.
Features of connecting electricity
The terrain and the removal of power grids greatly influence the way the circuit is selected.
Construction is underway near own housing
The option of connecting the equipment to its registered input for the performance of work is considered the most favorable and least costly. For the construction period, the developer consumes electricity, which is already connected, and the payment is based on a previously concluded contract.
After the completion of the new building and the need to dismantle the old one, the task of re-issuing documents in the supplying organization arises. This will require:
2. Obtain technical specifications and a connection point from the department of the power supply organization;
3. order a project development from a specialized company;
4. coordinate the project in the state technical supervision;
5. perform electrical work;
6. conduct laboratory assessment of electrical networks;
7. Put the facility into operation by entering into an agreement with a sales organization.
The same 7 steps must be completed for the documentary temporary commissioning of the construction site.
Construction away from electrified buildings
In this situation, it will be necessary to lay the power line to the construction site and go through all seven stages of the preparatory work. After the construction is completed, for the permanent power supply it is necessary to repeat the entire registration process.
Placement of electricity input to the construction site should be done immediately for continuous operation, use the shield with the IP54 protection in the anti-vandal version. The internal space of the housing must be selected taking into account the possibility of installing a meter, protective devices, circuit breakers, sockets, grounding bus. It is important to provide a reserve of space for future renovations inside the house under construction.
Construction within a nonprofit partnership
Thanks to the collective connection to summer cottages, garages or horticultural farms, the cost of joint services is cheaper. They already have a dedicated one that you can connect to.
However, many teams have long been formed and changed at their own expense equipment (wires, poles, transformers). New developers may be offered monetary compensation for part of such work performed or the implementation of additional modernization of part of the equipment.
Contract with neighbors
If the technical issues of the connection are delayed in terms of time, and the construction must begin, then you can try to negotiate with neighbors who have surplus capacity. After obtaining consent from them, the developer, through an additional meter, installs its outlet and connects to it with temporary wiring.
The value of the permissible power is negotiated before connecting, controlled by the meter. To prevent overloads, protective restrictive devices are installed in the neighbor's network.
Calculation according to this scheme is beneficial to the builder, and the one who distributes electricity can get into a conflict with inspectors of the supplying organization.
Generator sets
From the point of view of technical security of construction, they create high-quality electricity. The developer uses them at his discretion and does not depend on anyone. No need to wait for connections to a fixed network.
The only drawback is the high cost of the generated energy. This method is used to start construction, when the deadlines are not tolerated and it is necessary to quickly start working, and the stationary connection to the electric networks is delayed.
Generators can be rented or purchased for a fee. In the future, they will come in handy for backing up the electrical network in case of accidental outages.
After solving organizational issues, including determining the permissible power and selecting a voltage system, a place is determined at the construction site for the installation of an input shield, remote up to 25 meters from the site boundary, and a backup power source if an additional generator set is used.
From this point, marking of cable routes to the branch support of the power transmission line and to the places of work for food is made:
power circuits;
lighting systems.
Power equipment is installed in certain areas of the work:
lifting goods by crane or hoists;
concrete preparation;
woodworking;
The lighting system may initially consist of one or more spotlights, and then divided into main and emergency, local and general.
Electricity Consumer Connection Schemes
To lay cables, determine their length and load characteristics, a circuit is created that can have:
radial;
roundabout;
mixed wiring.
When the power supply is used from one place, then the voltage to all power assemblies with lighting installations is radiated from it by cables.
If the developer additionally has a backup source, for example, a generator, then it makes sense to assemble a ring or mixed consumer connection circuit.
Using the generator set in case of possible power failures allows you to continue the construction without violating the technological cycles.
Input device design
Being engaged in independent connection of electricity, unskilled builders often make significant mistakes, violate safety rules, and pose risks to the health of working people. An example is not the worst version of the temporary power connection shown in the photograph.
It can be seen here that switching devices operated in the open air are not protected from the effects of atmospheric precipitation, mounted on a sheet of building plywood, which absorbs moisture from the air during rain and fog. Access to electrical appliances is absolutely free, is not limited by anything to outsiders, and the wiring goes down to the ground.
Such a hastily assembled shield cannot supply the construction site with high-quality energy and is a direct prerequisite for injury.
It is not difficult to make a reliable and safe connection using factory sealed shields designed for outdoor use. They are locked and restrict unauthorized access of people.
Inside the introductory board there is an electric meter, switching devices, a block of sockets, working and protective zero buses.
To all mobile and permanently installed electrical receivers, cables are laid so that they are not exposed to mechanical stress. To this end, they are suspended at a safe height or buried in trenches.
Operation of power supply systems at construction sites is subject to increased risks due to:
adverse effects of the atmosphere;
the presence of people with low qualifications in electrical safety;
the use of combustible liquids and materials on sites;
lack of protective grounding and potential equalization in many devices.
When working in conditions of high humidity and danger, the rules of the PUE apply, requiring the use of voltage up to 50 (25 or 12) volts of alternating current and 120 (30) - constant with the connection of automatic protective devices.
When choosing floodlights, it is necessary to achieve uniform illumination of workplaces and to eliminate glare from light fluxes.
Outdoor luminaires should be housed in an IP54 rated enclosure.
Construction work itself is classified as hazardous. It is impossible to aggravate the risks of health problems during their implementation due to improper connection of temporary power supply.
MasterEnergoService company provides services for the receipt and execution of temporary power supply in Moscow and the Moscow region. Often this service is a necessity for construction needs. Having accumulated many years of experience in the field of power supply, our company can confidently state that we will solve the most difficult issues associated with connecting a temporary power supply and will do it as soon as possible.
During the construction or reconstruction of facilities in Moscow, one of the most important issues is electricity supply. Often, electric grid organizations do not have enough capacity to provide constant power supply, and even more so for temporary. But what to do? It is built on diesel generator sets (DGU) - expensive, but for energy-intensive construction work is simply not possible.
MasterEnergoService knows the answer to the question posed - it is necessary to find existing owners of capacity in the same area and negotiate with them about the temporary supply of electricity.
Having successfully connected several hundreds of large facilities in Moscow, we have accumulated an invaluable base of capacity owners who have become our partners and today it is not difficult for us to temporarily connect the new facility to power supply.
Temporary power supply to the construction site
MasterEnergoService company provides services for the construction and design of temporary power supply for construction sites in Moscow and the Moscow region.
The construction of houses and other facilities requires a huge amount of resources and technical support, but it is impossible to begin to build a single facility without providing electricity to the construction site. The most effective solution to this problem is the temporary power supply for construction needs, the design and implementation of which must be entrusted to qualified specialists who will take into account all factors in order to ensure that the power supply to the construction site is carried out properly, while filling out all the necessary documents
We will be happy to help you already at the very initial stage of construction.
What is the need for temporary power supply to the construction site? In order to provide electric power to a power tool, the mechanisms that are used to build a house or other building, this is actually necessary temporary power supply to the construction site.
What are the advantages of temporary power supply to the construction site? The main advantage is the autonomy and independence from anyone in matters of electricity consumption for the entire long-term period of the construction robot.
A company providing electricity in your area will provide you with a power line connection point.
In order to supply electricity to the construction site, you need to carry out a number of preparatory operations.
You will need to contact the organization that has a license to perform the calculation of electrical loads. After receiving the calculations, you contact the company that is the owner of the power line nearest to the construction site to receive technical recommendations and conditions from them. Having received the technical conditions, you can contact specialized organizations for the design of power supply for the construction site, which have the appropriate licenses.
Next, you need to go through the coordination of the project's power supply project with RosTechNadzor and the company that owns the electric network, but we can already do this work after receiving technical specifications from you. As a result, you will receive from us the final documentation for the installation and to carry out temporary power supply to the construction site.
Further, in accordance with the project, it is possible to carry out installation and obtain power supply to the construction site. When the installation is completed, it will be necessary to show it to RosTechNadzor for verification, after which you will already become an independent consumer of electricity, having temporary power supply for your construction site.
In order for the project of temporary power supply to the construction site to include these and many similar factors, you should trust its development only to qualified specialists. The company is professionally engaged in the design and installation of energy supply systems. By concluding an agreement with us to ensure permanent power supply to the facility and temporary power supply to the construction site, you will save yourself from the need to obtain the missing permits for the power supply of your facility and the need to coordinate the adopted design decisions. The specialists of our company will do all this.
We are ready to offer our services in resolving the whole range of issues related to the power supply of your facility: design and construction works for external and internal power supply to ensure a permanent and temporary power supply plan for the facility, with all necessary permits and full support until the signing of the corresponding temporary power supply agreement a construction site or a contract for the constant supply of electricity to the finished facility with an energy sales organization.
Tell me what you need to do, and we will answer how much it costs!
Most types of construction work require electricity. This applies not only to power tools, but also to the lighting of workplaces, including in the construction trailer for workers in a temporary town. Thus, it turns out that without first conducting electrical work and laying the wiring, it does not make sense to begin the construction of facilities. Capital work on power supply at the beginning of construction is fraught with the fact that it may require significant changes as work progresses. Therefore, the most optimal option is a temporary power supply to the construction site for the construction period, but taking into account the design of electricians in accordance with the current requirements for electrical safety and other regulatory documents, including PUE and SNIP.
How to conduct electricity to the site with the site of the proposed work, the construction site?
Before the start of design, a design assignment is issued to the design organization in which it is necessary to provide:
- composition and power loads;
- categorization of connected consumers;
- power supply - overhead or cable lines, transformer substation or autonomous source;
- consumer placement plan and lighting layout.
Based on the terms of reference and local conditions, the designing organization considers the options for connecting electricity, receives technical instructions (TU) from the power supply company, makes the necessary adjustments and suggestions that may relate to the construction of the necessary temporary mobile substations, the laying of overhead and cable power lines, taking into account the uninterrupted supply of electricity . Then a preliminary is made,.
After the coordination of all the nuances has been carried out, a preliminary design, a temporary scheme is created, and then the full design is carried out, a single-line power supply scheme is drawn up, a wiring plan is made, and all necessary approvals are carried out. As in the design of power supply for residential and industrial construction projects, working and then executive documentation is compiled, which introduces all the changes made during the construction of temporary energy supply devices and equipment.
Only after all of the above actions have been carried out, it is possible to start construction in order to connect electricity to the construction site.
The design of temporary power supply is most rational to produce taking into account the purpose of work and construction. With this approach, the estimated cost of electricity for the constructed facility is greatly facilitated.
Requirements and features of temporary energy supply for construction sites
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There are some subtleties of the design and construction of temporary power supply:
- the electrical system must have flexibility with the possibility of operational redistribution, temporary connection and connection of loads in accordance with the current stages of construction;
- minimum costs;
- must be present working, emergency and security lighting of construction sites;
- providing increased reliability and security;
- laying of temporary cable lines of power supply on supports or suspensions is required;
- equipment connection and its switching on should be carried out only by switching equipment with a dust and moisture class of IP at least 54 - 65.
Consumers of the construction site of a residential building or other objects, mainly the following:
- welders;
- asynchronous motors of mechanisms and machines;
- equipment for heating concrete in cold weather.
Therefore, the necessity of including reactive power compensators in the design is not ruled out.
Who can do the design?
Like the power supply project for the construction site, the calculation and design of the temporary power supply for the construction site must be entrusted to the organization that has the right to carry out the design. Thus, you can get a guarantee of safety, completeness of the developed project, well-organized electricity metering and save yourself from a lot of trouble by agreeing on the project and approving technical documentation and accepting the work performed.
The Mega.ru company is engaged in the development of all stages of design in Moscow and the Moscow region. The company's specialists also provide assistance in areas adjacent to the Moscow region. At some stages and for certain types of work, remote cooperation is provided throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. All prices for the work, as well as other necessary information, can be clarified by the coordinates placed on the page.
And samples and standard designs of other objects you will find in the relevant articles of our site.
Providing the construction site with electricity is one of the determining factors in the industrialization and mechanization of construction and installation works. Therefore, for the organization of uninterrupted power supply for construction during the design of the construction plan, it is necessary to develop a special section of the project.
The system of temporary power supply for construction is designed in the sequence provided by the scheme of Fig. 8.9b.
Calculation of electrical loads in this case is carried out by various methods: specific electric power and installed power of current collectors.
The first method calculates the loads for the development of a general site construction plan as part of the PIC. The method is based on statistical data on electricity consumption per 1 million rubles of the annual volume of construction and installation works. It depends on the type of construction and its industry structure.
In civil engineering for 1 million rubles. accounted for an average of 70 to 205 kVA of specific electric power, referred to the power of power transformers, with an annual construction and installation volume (in 1984 prices) of 3 -5 million to 0.5 million rubles, respectively.
In industrial construction, this indicator ranges from 60 kVA to 400 kVA.
The rated power of the transformers is determined by the formula:
(8.14.) |
P y \u003d p * C * k t
where: C is the annual volume of construction and installation works, determined according to the financing schedule during the period of the highest intensity of work, million rubles:
p - specific power, kVA / million, rubles:
to t is a coefficient taking into account the area of \u200b\u200bconstruction.
In the design of PPR loads are calculated according to the installed capacity of power consumers - electricity consumers. The most accurate is the method of calculating the power necessary to ensure the operation of construction machines - R s, construction and installation works - R t, lighting of an external construction site - R he and interior premises - R s.
Calculation of loads is carried out according to the formula
where: K s, K t, Ko - demand coefficients, depending on the number of consumers table. 8.6.
cos φ - power factor, depending on the number and load of power consumers - 0.65-0.75.
1,1 - coefficient taking into account losses in the network.
The power of electricity consumers (kW) is determined by:
power plants R with and for technological processes R t - according to reference books and catalogs; lighting devices; P s, P he - according to the specific power indicators for the illuminated area (table.8.6., 8.7.).
The conversion of power in kVA to installed capacity in is performed according to the formula:
(8.16)
Values \u200b\u200bof demand coefficients Kc and power Table 8.6.
Table 8.7.
Specific Power Indices
Sources of electricity at the construction site are transformer substations of a fixed or mobile type. Stationary transformer substations are being constructed during the preparatory period of construction and are designed for power from 10 to 1800 kVA. Mobile transformer substations are used at facilities that are not provided with constant power supply. They are connected to the high voltage sources of the power system (existing stationary transformer substation) via cable or overhead line. The characteristics of some types of mobile transformer substations are given in table. 8.8
Table 8.8.
Characteristics of complete transformer substations of a stationary type.
№№ pp | Name (type) | Power, kVA |
1. | SKTP-1SO-10/6 / 0.4 | 20-100 |
2. | SKTP-180-10 / 6 / 0.4 | |
3. | ZHTP-560 | |
4. | SKTP-750 |
During construction in undeveloped areas or in rural areas, as well as in the absence of sources and power supply networks during the preparatory period for construction, temporary mobile power plants of small and medium power (up to 1 () 0 kW) as well as large power plants with diesel engines up to 1000 kW are also used .