Consider the money closer protection against fakes. Extracurricular Activities Financial Literacy Program
Protection against fakes. Printing from these plates is done on special machines, each side is printed separately. The paint from the grooves engraved on the plate passes onto the paper under very high pressure, forming a relief (tangible to the touch) drawing or text. Serial numbers are also printed by letterpress printing on a special device in which ink is applied to convex high) letters and numbers. The number of each banknote, as a rule, consists of a group of letters and a group of numbers. In this case, each of the banknotes of this sheet has a different letter part and a constant digital part. With each subsequent sheet, the digital part of the number increases by one. After all sheets with all possible numbers are printed, the board is replaced with the next with a new range and letter group. Then the sheets are cut into separate banknotes, which are placed in containers in alphabetical order of the alphabetic parts of their serial numbers and served in computer-related control devices for final verification, removal of defective notes, counting and packing in bundles. From there - to the warehouse, from the warehouse - to banks and wallets. Modern banknotes have a whole range of different security features that make their counterfeiting difficult. With each new release of money, this set is increasing in all countries, while using the latest achievements of science and technology.
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There are many scammers in this world. And some of the most inconspicuous and at the same time malicious are counterfeiters. Their activities lead to numerous losses and inconveniences. To avoid unpleasant moments, you need to know how to check the money for authenticity, which we will do in the framework of this article.
general information
Usually in large quantities only high-quality counterfeit banknotes are produced. But to calculate a good fake, having the necessary information, is still not a problem. Since the advent of money, there has been a confrontation between those who issue them officially and the so-called counterfeiters. Modern banknotes have such sophisticated security features that most of them can be verified using a special technique.
There is constantly a need to verify the authenticity of banknotes in the absence of a person (for example, in a payment terminal), therefore, automated methods are constantly being improved. The article will focus on manual methods. First you need to know the definition of the authenticity of money. This is the name of funds that are manufactured outside authorized government agencies, in violation of accepted procedures and means of protection. So how to check money for authenticity?
Without technology
Money has a large number of protective mechanisms. But not all security elements can be considered digitally, and for a number of others there are no exact criteria. The most accurate examination is considered an expert, that is, an ordinary person with the knowledge and experience that anyone can become. The number of human-readable features of this bill is constantly growing. Here are the most popular:
- This is a special pattern that is created by changing the density of individual parts of the paper. Well viewed in the light. Watermarks on banknotes are perhaps the most well-known authentication method.
- Security thread. This is a special tape made of metal or polymer material that is implanted in paper. Can use simple and diving threads. A feature of the second is that it comes out of the paper and plunges into it.
- Micro printing. A very small special symbol that can only be seen using a magnifying glass.
- Protective fibers. They are flaps of threads of different colors and embedded in paper. May be simple or woven.
Other human symptoms
Here are some more ways to verify money for authenticity:
- Microperforation. This implies the presence of special holes of a very small size, which make a laser in the process of making money. Of these, an inscription or drawing is made up. Holes can be viewed into the light. An indicator of quality is the inability to feel the relief around them, as well as the absence of traces of carbonization.
- Relief print. These are special inscriptions and drawings, they can be distinguishable by touch. Printing is used not only to protect, but also to help the blind in choosing the face value of a banknote.
- Kipp effect. This is a separate corrugated area on paper, on the god faces of which a special drawing is applied. It is easy to distinguish it only during inspection at a certain angle.
- Hologram. A three-dimensional holographic image that rotates when the bill tilts.
Lesser known symptoms
And here's how you can verify money for authenticity if you train this skill:
- Combining images. In fact, this is a special drawing in which the constituent elements are located on opposite sides of the bill. But if you look at it in the light, then they will coincide, forming one whole.
- Oryol seal. By this name is meant a collection of thin lines that change color without visible interruptions in printing and overlaying inks. It should be noted that a similar effect cannot be achieved by conventional multicolor printing.
- Foil stamping. A drawing made using this material, layered on a bill.
- Special moire stripes.They possess different colors, if you tilt the banknote.
- Optical variable paint.Changes the spectrum of the displayed waves, depending on the viewing angle.
Here's how to check the bills for authenticity, without having any complex technical equipment.
Machine Readable Tags
This is a number of characteristics and features of banknotes, on the basis of which machines make a decision on whether they have genuine notes or not.
- Banknote size.Dimensions of notes cannot be considered as a protective sign. Nevertheless, many detectors check this parameter first. Due to this, they reject scraps of bills, foreign objects or simply stacked money. This feature helps to recognize a specific currency and its denomination. The optical method and scanning in light are used to determine the size.
- Visible image.The external image of the bill is scanned in a special light. The disadvantage of machines is that they do not check the entire surface, but only certain areas. Although to correct this drawback can use photodetector lines.
Work with light and fields
More ways to determine authenticity.
- Infrared image. This is one of the main characteristics. When bills are printed, metameric paints are used for them. And under infrared lighting, light and dark objects in the image are clearly visible. Also, in the IR machine, it can recognize protective tapes, metallized elements, watermarks, for example, the emblem of the Bank of Russia. Infrared lighting allows you to identify paper, which is used as a sign of authenticity.
- UV tags. They are applied by phosphors. They can only be seen under ultraviolet light. Phosphors are coated with protective fibers. During the check, you must also monitor the paper. If it does not have a background glow, then this also serves as proof that the bill is genuine.
- Magnetic marks. Paint is applied to the bills. But not ordinary, but special, with magnetic characteristics. Tags are divided into soft and hard. The former lose their magnetic properties after the external field is turned off, while the hard ones retain this characteristic for a long time.
Special items
These are quite interesting, unusual and little-known defense mechanisms.
- Special element "AND". It is an anti-Stokes phosphor. Its feature is that it can emit a glow. The wavelength exceeds the exciting radiation.
- Special element "M". Its specificity is the absorption coefficient in different areas of the infrared spectrum, which is distinctive from most similar types of paints. That is, if you illuminate a bill covered with this substance with a different light, you will get the impression that the element is blinking.
- Secret signs. A number of characteristics that are used to determine authenticity. They are kept secret in order to complicate the life of counterfeiters. Symptoms can only be verified by the Central Bank.
Cash check
Let's say we have a 5000 bill. And it was decided to check it out. Suddenly it turned out that there was no definite protection. What to do? Is everything so bad? It is too early to draw premature conclusions. If there is no one or even several complex defenses, then this still does not mean anything. It can be erased over time, or the inspector has too little experience for a quality audit. To verify this, just go to the nearest payment terminal and send it to your bank account. If everything happened without problems, the nerves were wasted. Therefore, a 5000 bill or any other can be very real. If the Bank of Russia ticket has not been accepted, this is already problematic. You should contact the police with a statement, remember all the details of a banknote falling into your hands. After all, it remains to be seen how many such tickets of the Bank of Russia are being prepared for reset.
Artisanal method
So this article comes to its logical conclusion, in the framework of which it was examined how to check money for authenticity. The case of counterfeiting itself, of course, causes condemnation. But in the end I would like to talk about boasting. There is an opinion that it is impossible to make money identical to the official ones in a handicraft way. Despite this, the American currency has been faked for some time by someone Omega. How do we know that these are fakes? The fact is that Omega products are identical to the banknotes issued by the US Treasury. With one small exception: the letters Omega are always located in the inner space R in the word dollaR.
To exclude counterfeit bills, it is necessary to use currency detectors. IR tags are the main protection of modern currencies. Euro and hryvnia IR protection are monitored on both sides, dollars on the reverse side, Russian rubles on the front
In the basic configuration, it allows monitoring rubles in 2 detection modes - ultraviolet and infrared. It is possible to work with single banknotes as well as banknotes in bundles and a “fan”.
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Signs of authenticity of banknotes
WATER SIGNS: located on the coupon fields of cash tickets; clearly visible when examining banknotes in the light: from one edge repeat the fragments of the front or back; on the other hand, a digital designation of the face value of the banknote. ELEMENTS OF PROTECTION OF BANKNOTES 1997 SILVER PAINT: the digital designations of the denominations of all banknotes have a clearly visible silver luster. LABELS FOR PEOPLE WITH DIMINISHED VISION: on the left coupon field of the front side there are circles and stripes with relief. Designed to determine the denominations of banknotes. PAINT WITH VARIABLE COLOR (only on a banknote of 500 rubles): the emblem of the Bank of Russia, when viewing the banknote from different angles, changes color from yellow-green to red-orange. HIDDEN IMAGE: the letters "PP" are visible on the patterned tape of banknotes when they are horizontal at eye level at an acute angle of incident light. RELIEF IMAGE: in the upper part of the front side of the banknotes the text "RUSSIAN BANK TICKET" has a relief that is perceptible to the touch.
MICRO-PATTERN: coupon fields on the back of banknotes are sealed with colored rectangles consisting of small geometric shapes. PROTECTIVE THREAD: a transparent polymer strip visible in the light contains text consisting of the letters "CBR" and the numeric denominations of banknotes in a forward and inverted image. MICROTEXT: consists of the letters "CBR" and the numeric denominations of banknotes.
5 silhouettes of tigers, bears, fish, trees.
10 microtext in the form of a background grid of the front side (number 5000)
11 microtext on the border of the decorative ribbon (repeating number 5000)
There are many signs of authenticity of a five thousandth note; it’s enough to remember the main ones that can be used without special equipment and a magnifier. The Bank of Russia recommends authenticating using at least three key attributes. Here are the main ways to verify the authenticity of banknotes: On clearance; To the touch, When tilted (changing the angle of view). Signs of authenticity of a bill when examining it in the light: A combined watermark is a portrait of N.N. Muravyov-Amursky and the number 5000 is light in color. Security thread 5 mm wide, looks like a dark strip. Microperforation is a micro-hole located in even rows and forming the number 5000, intangible to the touch. To the touch For people with low vision, the text “Ticket of the Bank of Russia”, the text “FIVE THOUSAND RUBLES”, the digital designation of the face value (5000), as well as the thin strokes along the edges of the coupon fields of the banknote have an increased relief perceived by touch.
Infrared protection Infrared detection was considered one of the most reliable until mid-2014. From this period in circulation you can see the so-called "super-fakes" of Russian rubles. These are banknotes with perfectly applied IR tags and a watermark. Finding alternative authentication methods is an urgent task. The main question today is which verification method is the most reliable?
Antistoks today is a 100% guarantee of catching fakes. Anti-Stokes phosphor - This security feature has not yet been counterfeited by counterfeiters and is present on all denominations and issues of Russian rubles.
On genuine bills, the Anti-Stokes phosphor (special substances) under the influence of high-intensity infrared radiation appears as a green dot. In Russian rubles, these are labels glowing in green,
About the new 100-dollar bill, which received additional protection against counterfeiting. Today in more detail and detail we will consider what types of paper bill protection against counterfeiting exist in the world.
Recall that on the updated American banknote the main security element will appear - a blue protective 3D strip. It will allow not only to easily distinguish new bills from old ones visually, but also significantly complicate the life of counterfeiters. But they do not sleep.
Counterfeiters, as history claims, appeared simultaneously with the emergence of money, not only paper, but also metal.
The release of the first paper money, for example, in the Russian Empire in 1769 immediately opened up a mass of popular “talents”. The reason at first was given by the government itself. Not having enough experience, Russian bankers introduced a series of bank notes in denominations of 100, 50, 75 and 25 rubles. What the government did not immediately predict was quickly noticed by the attackers. Indeed, if the number "25" skillfully remake a deuce by seven, then the face value of the sign will immediately increase three times. Quickly there were "specialists" who did not put off the matter and simply began to redraw twenty-five-ruble papers into seventy-five-ruble papers. This phenomenon has left its imprint to this day, because so far neither we nor our neighbors have a bill that would contain the number "75".
In France, for example, during the reign of Napoleon, there were counterfeiters who served in the service of the emperor and forged money of Russia and England on an industrial scale: firstly, to pay for food and services with the local population, and secondly, to undermine the economy the country with which the war was fought. Such money was made in a special printing house, on special paper, where they were "aged". For example, Monsieur Lal, one of the professional counterfeiters, came up with this method. In a special pantry on a thick layer of street dust, which had previously been swept away and brought there, new bills were thrown, and then they were chased from a corner to a corner with a special leather broom. After such processing, Lal wrote, the banknotes looked as if they had already passed through many hands.
Having moved the "great army" to Russia, Napoleon took the printing press with him. Now no one was "aging" fakes, there simply wasn’t time for that. They were printed, packed in bales and carried with them with special protection. Thus, a certain part of the cost of maintaining the army, the Emperor Napoleon covered at the expense of the sleight of the hands of people of the special department of his secret government.
The Russian government did not immediately appreciate the scale of the damage inflicted, since these fakes were very skillfully executed at that time. They could be distinguished only by grammatical errors, since the French did not speak Russian perfectly (for example, like Chinese goods on our market ten years ago, when there were a lot of mistakes in the description, there were no “correct” letters).
During the Great Patriotic War, the German government also massively forged the money of the USSR and put it into circulation. Until now, it is believed that equipment on which fake data was printed was flooded at the bottom of the lake in Austria.
Currently, there are so many fake bills in the world. For example, in the Interpol collection there are 30 thousand samples of various kinds of fakes from all continents, two thirds of which are US dollars, with a face value of “100”.
By the way, the same Interpol publishes a special bulletin called “Fakes and Fakes,” which describes the most noticeable differences between counterfeits and originals. Moreover, descriptions are not included here of cheap artificially made fakes, but only industrial ones made at the highest technical level.
All this forces the governments that issue paper money to defend them. Everyone knows about watermarks and protective strips, since these types of protection are also present on banknotes of our country, but there are still a number of ways to protect banknotes from counterfeiting. Let's take a closer look at how you can protect a bill.
"Increasing" serial number. A method of protection when each subsequent digit of the serial number of a banknote becomes higher or thicker or simultaneously higher and thicker. There are options for both horizontal and vertical incrementing the digits of the serial number. This method, in particular, is used on banknotes of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Scotland and other countries. Also, this method is practiced in Zambia.
Colored fibers. A protection method in which colored silk or synthetic fibers, usually red, green or blue, are added to the bill, which are clearly visible when you look closely at the bill. This method is quite old. So, on paper, which was used for the production of two-dignity signs of the USSR of the 1928 model, microscopic red streaks are clearly visible - this indicates that the banknote is genuine. This method was also used in Cambodia, Tajikistan.
Bilateral optical design or combining image. A special technique for applying the image, when one half of it is applied on one side of the bill, and the second on the other. When examining a banknote in the light, an unpainted element of the front side is filled with the color of the fragments of the reverse side, forming a complete single picture. This method is used to protect banknotes of our country, Canada, Egypt, Sri Lanka, Congo and many other countries.
Security thread. This type of protection is now used on almost all modern banknotes in the world, including Belarus. At the first stage, they looked like black lines in the light. Now the ribbons have become more complicated, they have become “diving”, there are several types, for example, a thread that can be viewed only by light. There is a metallized thread with a kinetic effect, that is, at different angles it changes its property or color. For example, on 10 Egyptian pounds two threads are used at once, one of them is visible in the light, the second with a kinetic effect: on the one hand it looks like a torn strip, when viewed in the light, the strip becomes inextricable.
Two strings are also present on the bill of Madagascar, one is visible in the light, the second appears when you look at the bill at a certain angle.
When viewing in Iran’s bill, a black thread appears on viewing, and when viewed in UV radiation, this thread becomes multi-colored.
Hologram. An image in the form of a picture or a sticker that changes its property (usually color) when viewing a bill from different angles. An example is the jubilee banknote of 20,000 rubles, about which earlier.
Watermark. Invisible Seal. A protection method when a text or image is applied to a bill, which becomes visible only in the light. Currently, the world uses watermarks and portraits of rulers, animals, plants, national symbols, numbers, values \u200b\u200band much more.
Metallographic printing. A protection method, when a special printing method is used, due to which the image becomes more convex and can be felt by touch. A good example is US banknotes. I think that many of the generation of the eighties themselves repeatedly rubbed the jackets of American presidents with their fingers.
Microtext. Inscriptions made in very small letters for the naked eye seem to be simple design lines. As a rule, microtext, which forms a complex pattern, simply cannot be reproduced when copying using the technique, and the place where it is located becomes very blurry, which immediately gives out a fake. Microtext can be seen only if you look very closely either through a magnifying glass. It can also be in the form of a so-called anti-copy grid, when instead of text with the help of very thin lines, patterns are formed, geometric shapes that the copying technique cannot reproduce.
UV luminescence. Printing method, when a text, image or numbers are applied to a bill, which become visible if the bill is "illuminated" in UV radiation.
FX ReviewIf today, mainly, collectors-numismatists are concerned, the forgery of paper notes is not at all an idle question and may well concern everyone. Modern Russian money has many degrees of protection against counterfeiting, in accordance with the achievements of technological progress - these are watermarks and holograms, micro-holes and embossed surfaces, special protective fibers, micro-printing and color-changing paint.
Currently, in Russia, banknotes are made of especially strong paper with the addition of cotton fibers - it is due to them that a characteristic crunch appears during folding. Banknote paper is not tinted or bleached - therefore, it does not glow in ultraviolet light, unlike ordinary paper. Even at the production stage, red, gray and green fibers are added to the paper pulp randomly located on the entire surface of the banknote, as well as special protective fibers that glow in different colors under UV radiation.
Protective fibers
At the same time, a metallized plastic diving strip is introduced, forming a dashed line on the back of the bill, as well as watermarks visible when viewing the bill in the light, with the denomination of the bill and some place or figure that is significant for Russia.
For example, the Bolshoi Theater building is depicted on a bill of denomination of 100 rubles, a portrait of Peter I is depicted on a 500-ruble bill, and Yaroslav the Wise on a 1000-ruble bill.
Thanks to the unique printing equipment used to make banknotes, images on them can be applied in several ways. For example, Oryol printing allows you to apply a picture of different colors with sharp borders, but without any visible color difference, and the so-called kipp effect - to make a latent image visible only at a certain angle.
Also, the achievements of the modern printing industry make it possible for different parts of a banknote to respond differently to a magnetic field, be visible in a polarizing filter, or exhibit a luminescent effect in ultraviolet light. At the same time, the protective elements of the bill are arranged in relation to each other in a strict order, and some of them, such as microtext or micromotor, can only be seen at high magnification.
After the bill is printed, moire stripes are applied onto it, changing their color depending on the angle of view. At the same stage, laser microperforation is applied to the banknote, repeating its face value and noticeable only in bright light. Then, relief surfaces that are easily distinguishable to the touch are indicated - the text “ticket of the Bank of Russia”, as well as stripes and dots in the lower left corner of the bill. They are designed not only to protect the bill from fake, but also are a guide for visually impaired people.
And finally, a special paint is applied to each bill with its own individual number, while one of the numbers in this number is endowed with diamagnetic properties.
In conclusion, we add that the equipment on which modern banknotes are made is kept in the strictest confidence, and the prevalence of consumables (paints, fibers, etc.) is strictly limited.
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