Download presentation on the topic of credit. Presentation - Credit
In a market economy, money must be in constant circulation, make continuous circulation. Temporarily free cash should immediately enter the market for loan capital, accumulate it in credit financial institutions, and then effectively get involved in business and be located in those sectors of the economy where there is a need for additional investments. A loan is a movement of loan capital, carried out on the basis of urgency, repayment and payment.
Commercial loan This is a loan provided by enterprises, associations and other business entities to each other. A commercial loan provided in commodity form primarily by deferred payment is issued in most cases with a bill of exchange. A bill of exchange is a security representing an unconditional monetary obligation of a bill holder to pay a certain amount of money to the holder of a bill upon maturity. This is a loan provided by enterprises, associations and other business entities to each other. A commercial loan provided in commodity form primarily by deferred payment is issued in most cases with a bill of exchange. A bill of exchange is a security representing an unconditional monetary obligation of a bill holder to pay a certain amount of money to the holder of a bill upon maturity.
Bank loan Bank loan Bank loan - represented by credit and financial institutions (banks, funds, associations) to any business entities (private entrepreneurs, enterprises, organizations, etc.) in the form of cash loans. Bank credit - represented by credit and financial institutions (banks, funds, associations) to any business entities (private entrepreneurs, enterprises, organizations, etc.) in the form of cash loans. Bank loans are divided into short-term (up to 1 year), medium-term (1-5 years), long-term (over 5 years). These loans can serve not only the circulation of goods, but also the accumulation of capital. Bank loans are divided into short-term (up to 1 year), medium-term (1-5 years), long-term (over 5 years). These loans can serve not only the circulation of goods, but also the accumulation of capital.
Consumer credit Consumer credit - to individuals for a period of up to 3 years when purchasing primarily consumer durables. It is implemented either in the form of sales of goods with deferred payment through retail stores, or in the form of a bank loan for consumer purposes. For the use of consumer credit is usually charged a high rental percentage (up to 30% per annum).
Mortgage loan Mortgage loan - is presented in the form of long-term loans secured by real estate (land, buildings). Mortgage bonds issued by banks and enterprises serve as a tool for representing these loans. Mortgage loans are used to upgrade fixed assets in agriculture and contribute to the concentration of capital in this area.
State loan State loan - a system of credit relations in which the state acts as a borrower, and the population and private business - creditors of funds. State credit - a system of credit relations in which the state acts as a borrower, and the population and private business - creditors of funds. Sources of state loan funds are government loan bonds, which can be issued not only by central but also local authorities. Sources of state loan funds are government loan bonds, which can be issued not only by central but also local authorities. The state uses this form of credit primarily to cover the state budget deficit. As a result of the issuance of government bonds and their distribution, a huge public debt was formed, exceeding $ 3 billion in the United States. The state uses this form of credit primarily to cover the state budget deficit. As a result of the issuance of government bonds and their distribution, a huge public debt was formed, exceeding $ 3 billion in the United States.
International credit International credit International credit - the movement of loan capital in the field of international economic relations. It is presented in commodity or monetary (currency) form. Lenders and borrowers are banks, private firms, states, international and regional organizations. International credit - the movement of loan capital in the field of international economic relations. It is presented in commodity or monetary (currency) form. Lenders and borrowers are banks, private firms, states, international and regional organizations.
The structure of the modern credit system The credit system, from the institutional point of view, is a set of monetary and financial institutions that are actively used by the state to regulate the economy. The credit system mediates the entire mechanism of social reproduction and serves as a powerful factor in the concentration of production and centralization of capital, contributes to the rapid mobilization of free cash and their use in the country's economy.
The modern credit system of Western countries was formed under the influence of concentration and centralization of banking capital, which led to the emergence of giant banks; specialization of financial institutions and the complexity of the functional structure of the credit system, the merger or merger of banking and industrial monopolies and the formation of financial capital; internationalization of banking, the emergence of transnational banks and financial groups.
To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Topic: Banking. Types of bank lending.
Plan 1. Get to know the types of banks and their activities. 3. The importance of acquiring knowledge about the types of credit. 2. Be able to calculate the amount of interest on a bank loan.
The Russian banking system I level The Central Bank of Russia (CBR) - owned by the state Issues cash issued Permits (licenses) for banking services Serves only other banks Sets the exchange rate Commercial and specialized banks - private banks Place cash in deposits and securities Perform non-cash payments of citizens and firms Issue plastic cards; Provide loans to citizens and firms Level II
Lending to citizens and firms
Lending to citizens and firms A bank loan is the provision of funds to persons in need of money, subject to repayment and for a fee. Borrower - borrower. The lender is the borrower.
Principles of lending Security Paid i.e. the money received in the form of a loan can be used only in a certain period of time, after which they must be returned to the creditor i.e. it is necessary to provide a security deposit (if necessary) for obtaining a loan for the loan granted, the bank takes a fee in the form of interest, which depends on the term and amount of the loan i.e. the loan must be repaid within the period specified by the contract
Securing a loan Secured - a movable or immovable property owned by the borrower. Secured - Your friend is always ready to vouch for you !?
Types of loans Banking Commercial Mortgage Consumer
Mortgage loan * Mortgage is a system of long-term loans that are issued for the purchase of housing. * A mortgage loan is targeted, that is, it can only be provided for the purchase of housing. * The apartment remains pledged by the lender until the loan is fully repaid.
Consumer credit is the sale of consumer goods by commercial enterprises with deferred payment or the provision by banks of loans for the purchase of consumer goods, as well as for various personal expenses (tuition, medical care, etc.)
Loan registration You are determined with the purchase and directly in the store (office) fill out the Bank's application form. The bank in your presence makes a credit decision and informs you the size of a possible loan. You choose the loan repayment period - from 6 months to 30 years (with a mortgage) You pay the first installment to the cashier of the store (office) and ... go home with a purchase or contract (with a mortgage)! The bank pays the rest of the cost to the store (company) for you and gives you the Schedule of upcoming loan payments. You repay the loan on a monthly basis in equal installments in accordance with the schedule received.
Interested in details? The loan is granted in rubles and is also repaid in rubles. The interest rate is fixed on the day of purchase and does not change in the future. No fluctuations in the dollar exchange rate or changes in the price of goods will no longer affect the size of the amounts you return! The loan is granted to citizens of the Russian Federation aged 18 to 65 years, having permanent registration at the place of residence in the relevant region.
Loan cost Loan amounts% of the loan Loan term completely depends on the following indicators. Remember this, when making a decision, take a loan !!!
Calculation of the annual interest rate on the loan Cost of the loan \u003d Amount Annual Duration X X loan rate years N A P R I M E R: 10 000 x 15% (0.15) x 2 years \u003d 3 000 5?
Task 1) Fill in the table: 2) Compare the cost of the loan for 2 years and 5 years. 3) What can be concluded about the dependence of the cost of the loan on the term? 4) Why do people prefer to take a loan for a longer period? 5) How to calculate the amount of monthly payments? 6) Make your own monthly payments calculation for loan periods of 2 years and 5 years. Loan amount Annual rate Number of years Loan cost Total amount 10,000 15% 2 3,000 13,000 10,000 15% 5
Homework. Write a mini essay on the topic: Why, knowing that it is necessary to pay a premium to a bank for using a loan, do people in European countries “live on credit” anyway?
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and summaries
Lesson
The Russian banking system I tier I tier The Central Bank of Russia (CBR) - owned by the state Issues cash issued Permits (licenses) for banking activities Serves only other banks Sets the exchange rate Commercial and specialized banks - private banks Place money in deposits and securities Carry out non-cash payments of citizens and companies Carry out plastic cards Carry out loans to citizens and companies Carry out loans to citizens and companies II level
Principles of lending Security Paid i.e. the money received in the form of a loan can be used only in a certain period of time, after which they must be returned to the creditor i.e. the money received in the form of a loan can be used only in a certain period of time, after which they must be returned to the creditor i.e. it is necessary to provide a security deposit (if necessary) for obtaining a loan for the loan granted, the bank takes a fee in the form of interest, which depends on the term and amount of the loan i.e. the loan must be repaid within the period specified by the contract
Mortgage loan * Mortgage is a system of long-term loans that are issued for the purchase of housing. * Mortgage - a system of long-term loans that are issued for the purchase of housing. * A mortgage loan is targeted, that is, it can only be provided for the purchase of housing. * A mortgage loan is targeted, that is, it can only be provided for the purchase of housing. * The apartment remains pledged by the lender until the loan is fully repaid. * The apartment remains pledged by the lender until the loan is fully repaid.
Consumer credit is the sale of consumer goods by commercial enterprises with deferred payment or the provision by banks of loans for the purchase of consumer goods, as well as various personal expenses (tuition fees, this is the sale of commercial goods by commercial enterprises with deferred payment or the provision by banks of purchase loans consumer goods, as well as for the payment of various kinds of personal expenses (tuition, medical care, medical care, etc. p.) etc.)
Loan registration You are determined with the purchase and directly in the store (office) fill out the Bank's application form. The bank in your presence makes a credit decision and informs you the size of a possible loan. You choose the loan repayment period - from 6 months to 30 years (with a mortgage) You pay the first installment to the cashier of the store (office) and ... go home with a purchase or contract (with a mortgage)! The bank pays the rest of the cost to the store (company) for you and gives you the Schedule of upcoming loan payments. You repay the loan on a monthly basis in equal installments in accordance with the schedule received.
Interested in details? The loan is granted in rubles and is also repaid in rubles. The interest rate is fixed on the day of purchase and does not change in the future. No fluctuations in the dollar exchange rate or changes in the price of goods will no longer affect the size of the amounts you return! The loan is granted to citizens of the Russian Federation aged 18 to 65 years, having permanent and permanent registration at the place of registration at the place of residence in the respective residence in the respective region. region.
Calculation of the annual interest rate on the loan Cost of the loan \u003d Amount Annual Duration X X X X loan rate years N A P R I M E R: x 15% (0.15) x 2 years \u003d
Task 1) Fill in the table: 2) Compare the cost of the loan for 2 years and 5 years. 3) What can be concluded about the dependence of the cost of the loan on the term? 4) Why do people prefer to take a loan for a longer period? 5) How to calculate the amount of monthly payments? 6) Make your own monthly payments calculation for loan periods of 2 years and 5 years. Loan amount Annual rate Number of years Loan cost Total amount%% 5
Slide 2
Loan forms
Narrowed approach: commodity and monetary Advanced: 1. commercial 2. banking 3. consumer 4. state 5. international
Slide 3
1. Commercial loan
Both borrowers and lenders for this form of lending are acting entrepreneurs and businessmen. Varieties: bill loans, leasing, factoring, forfaiting, consignment, open account
Slide 4
Bill credit
A bill of exchange is a special type of security, a written debt monetary obligation, assuming that the holder of the bill (that is, the creditor) has the unconditional right to receive money debt from the drawer (that is, the debtor) after a certain period of time Types of the bill - simple and transferable
Slide 5
Scheme of a circulation of notes and bills
A promissory note is a promissory note drawer. Drawer 1 2
Slide 6
Bill of exchange - draft
Tratta - a written debt obligation, an order to the drawer to pay a certain amount to a remitter. Trassant (German trassant, Italian. Trassante translating by bill) - a person issuing a draft. Trassat (German trassate, Italian. Trassare to transfer by bill) - a person obligated to pay by bill. Remitter (from lat. Remitto - send, remittens sending) - the recipient of money for the draft.
Slide 7
Revolutionary Scheme
TRASSAT (buyer of the goods) TRASSANT (seller of the goods) REMINENT 1 4 6 5 2 3
Slide 8
Endorsement
Endorsement (from the German Indossament) - endorsement on a financial document (bill, bill of lading, check, etc.), indicating the transfer of the right to receive payment from the drawer (in this case, the endorser) to a third party (endorser)
Slide 9
Types of endorsement
registered, it is full - contains the name of the person in whose favor the document is endorsed; blank, it is also warrant - does not contain the name of the person to whom the document is being transferred (endorsement on demand); limited - endorsement excluding further indo sation of this document
Slide 10
Leasing
Leasing - long-term rental of machinery, equipment, vehicles, industrial facilities for a period of six months to several years with the possibility of their redemption by the tenant after the lease. Renting - short-term contracts Highring - medium-term contracts
Slide 11
Types of leasing
Classic - Operational - Full - Returnable - Banking - Operational - Financial
Slide 12
Factoring
Factoring - a type of financial services, consists in acquiring a factor-firm the right to collect debts from debtors before the official payment deadline. Factoring commission - income received by a factor firm
Slide 13
Factoring Confidential
It consists in the following: - Lending to the client until the return of the debt - Assistance in obtaining debt from the debtor
Slide 15
Forfaiting
A kind of factoring. Forfaiting (from the French, and forfal in its entirety) is a form of lending to exporters in foreign trade operations by selling their obligations of importers (buyers) to the forfeiter company. In this transaction, also called forfeiting, the forfeiter company buys from the exporter monetary debt obligations of the importer to pay for the purchased goods
Slide 16
Consignment transaction
Consignment is a special type of transaction consisting in the form of transferring goods by the owner (exporter) to the intermediary (consignee) of goods to the warehouse for the purpose of their sale
Slide 17
Exporter (owner of the goods) Exporter (intermediary) Consignee's warehouse Buyer of goods 1 5 4 3 2
Slide 18
2. Bank loan
Lender - a bank or financial and banking institution entitled to engage in credit activities; Borrower - any legal entity doing business and experiencing a temporary need for financial resources. The purpose of borrowing is production, both to maintain or resume production, and for the purpose of exchange or consumption.
Slide 19
Features of a bank loan
double exchange of liabilities bank credit is of a production nature
Slide 20
Bank credit is classified by type, based on:
the loan term for a branch of the economy (industrial, agricultural, commercial, interbank, to government bodies) the purpose of lending (related or unrelated) to the lending facility of the loan securing mechanism
Slide 21
3. Consumer loan
Consumer credit is a mixed, commodity-money form of credit. Provided to the public. A creditor can be either a commercial bank (provided in cash) or a trading company (in commodity form)
Slide 22
The specific features of a consumer loan
It is aimed at expanding the consumption of goods, and not for production purposes; relatively small size and personified system for determining the borrower's creditworthiness; the most often pledged loan is the loaned property.
Slide 23
Classification of consumer loans
Short term. For the purchase of consumer goods, and "for urgent needs." The term is up to 1 year. credit on a checking account; opening a contract account; credit on a plastic card. Medium-term. Lending to people buying durable goods - cars, sophisticated household appliances, furniture. Duration from 2 to 7 years. Long term. The repayment term is more than 7 years. • loans for reproduction of labor; • mortgage loans
Slide 24
4. P4. State loan
State credit is a set of monetary credit relations in which the state acts as one of the parties.
Slide 25
4. Forms of state credit
Passive form - the state borrows funds from entrepreneurs and citizens in the financial market. Transactions are executed in the form of loans (bonds or treasury bills). This is a civilized form of covering the budget deficit. Active form - state lending to specific enterprises, organizations that fulfill the state order, produce socially significant products or implement certain strategic programs
Slide 26
4. Signs of classification of government securities
according to the form of organization of the issue of securities: documentary and non-documentary by circulation period: short, medium and long term by the method of payment of income: interest, discount, winning and mixed by the method of circulation: market and non-market
The ratio of external debt to the gross domestic product of the country is the maximum allowable - 50%. In a number of developed countries - from 1 to 15%, and in some African countries it exceeds 100%; Comparison of the value of external debts with the volume of state exports in developed countries does not exceed 15% of exports, and for the underdeveloped, it can exceed 500%. The critical level is 100%.
View all slides
Slide 1
MKOU Ternovskaya OOSH
1
Slide 2
CREDIT - LIFE FOR DEBT OR METHOD FOR MAKING NEEDS
2
Slide 3
Credit (lat. Creditum - loan, debt) is the provision of goods or a monetary amount in debt (by installments)
3
Slide 4
Slide 5
CONSUMER LOAN
One of the most common and easily accessible types of lending. Whose slogan is “Credit for any purpose!”
5
Slide 6
CONSUMER LOAN
In our market, this type of lending, one way or another, covers a large part of the population. In Europe, this indicator is almost 100%. In connection with the spread of loans, there are many offers on the market, various credit unions and of course banks that are ready to provide such loans. Many do not even think about how close this whole “kitchen” is to them, as when buying a refrigerator and paying a little for half a year for it, they use the possibilities of consumer lending.
6
Slide 7
Consumer loans are classified by loan purpose:
1. Target lending:
Mortgage lending Loan “for the purchase of a car” Credit “for education” Credit “for vacation” Credit for specific goods through shops
2. Inappropriate loans:
Credit "Cash" (immediate needs) Credit cards
7
Slide 8
The main motivation for lending is the concept - it is better to use what you want now, than to save for it a whole year. As a result, using this type of lending, the consumer overpays for the goods “small” or “large”% - depending on: From banks; The products (stocks) they offer; And from the financial literacy of the consumer himself.
8
Slide 9
The main thing when deciding to take a consumer loan is to determine the pros and cons, calculate the total amount% and objectively approach the issue of monthly payments. For successful use of the system, not only one-time loans are important. information about any loan and the person who took it, automatically from any bank goes to the Bureau of credit histories. The credit history indicators in the future affect whether or not to give you loans.
9
Slide 10
Credit history - information about what loans were issued to the borrower, whether he complied with his loan obligations. For storage and use of credit histories, there are special credit bureaus. A credit bureau is a specialized organization that stores a credit history and information about all actions of the borrower and, at the request of the borrower, provides information about it to potential lenders.
10
Slide 11
A credit history is transferred to the credit history bureau only if there is written or otherwise documented consent of the borrower.
11
Slide 12
According to the Federal Financial Markets Service of Russia, the following credit bureaus are included in the state registry of credit history bureaus:
Central credit history catalog United Credit Bureau Bureau Interregional Credit Bureau Bureau National Credit Bureau Bureau Privolzhsky Credit Bureau CJSC Credit Bureau Infocredit CJSC Volga Credit Bureau North-West CJSC Western Bureau of Credit Histories "Bureau of Credit Histories" GenInform "CJSC" Bureau of Credit Histories Experian-Interfax "LLC" Credit Bureau Russian Standard "CJSC" Republican Bureau of Credit Histories "LLC" Equifax Credit Services "LLC" Credit Bureau x stories Yuzhnoye Credit Bureau Bureau - BPL Credit Bureau Bureau of the Volga Region National Credit Bureau LLC Central Credit Bureau LLC Credit History Bureau CreditInform First Credit Bureau Bureau Bureau credit history Ural Credit Bureau of Komi LLC Interregional Credit Bureau Bureau North-Eastern Credit Bureau LLC Siberian Credit Bureau LLC Eastern Credit Bureau LLC Zauralsky Credit Bureau LLC "Far Eastern Bureau of Credit History - Society of mutual credit "Finance - Credit" JSC "East - European Bureau of Credit Histories", LLC "Capital Credit Bureau" LLC "Credit Bureau" Center "LLC" Perm regional credit bureau "LLC" Central Bureau of Credit Histories "Credo"
12
Slide 13
Unlike us, in the West such bureaus were formed at the end of the nineteenth century, but this law appeared in our country relatively recently. All over the world there is such a concept: if you do not have a credit history, accordingly you do not have a loan either. For example, in the west, late payment of a loan means getting into the black base of non-payers, and as a result, the inability to receive loans for several years. However, if you have a positive credit history, then banks go for unhindered lending. A credit history increases the chances of obtaining a loan, unlike someone who does not have one yet or is not good enough.
13
Slide 14
Surely everyone asks questions to himself ....
Is life on credit good or bad? Is it necessary to live in the present day, to buy the things you like on credit, without denying yourself anything? Or, on the contrary, should one get into debt bondage and strive to get rid of loans? The question is not as simple as it seems at first glance.
14
Slide 15
You can find opposing points of view on this subject.
15
I’ll try to explain. I'll start with a joke. Fly on a plane Parrot and Monkey.
They are flying in an airplane ...
Slide 16
The parrot doesn’t like it: "What is it, it blows here!"
DRAFT
And also after the Parrot he shouts: “Yes, yes! You’re blowing here!”
Parrot: "Coffee is not delicious!"
The monkey looks at the Parrot, thinks: "In gives!"
Monkey: "Yes, disgusting coffee!"
Parrot: "That's it, I won't fly further on this plane!" and went out.
16
Well, Monkey also has nothing to do - he also had to go out.
Slide 17
The Monkey and the Parrot are flying with a whistle down.
The parrot asks: "Monkey, and you know how to fly?"
The monkey answers: "No."
Parrot: "What then was showing off ?!"
17
Slide 18
The situation with lending is very reminiscent of this joke. Good credit or bad - it will depend on who takes them - Parrot or Monkey, or, speaking in terms of a joke, whether you can fly or just show off.
18
Slide 19
The loan is granted on the following principles: urgency - clearly specified period; repayment - return at the end of the full amount of borrowed money with a certain percentage; Payments - the interest on the loan is the payment for the use of borrowed money.
19
Slide 20
When lending, the Bank requires the borrower to pay the due amount for the monthly payments, as well as for interest accrued for the month.
20
Slide 21
According to the banking legislation of the Russian Federation, interest is accrued on the amount of debt, that is, if you have already paid a certain amount of the total debt, then interest will be accrued only for the remaining amount of debt. For lending to individuals, banks use an annuity system. The essence of the system is as follows: you pay the amount of debt divided into equal parts monthly. This amount also includes interest credited per month.
21
Slide 22
In addition to annuity payments, banks can also charge a fee for servicing a loan. Typically, such payments are divided into 2 types:
One-time commission - this commission is charged once in the process of signing a loan agreement. Monthly commission - the commission is charged every month along with the monthly loan payment.
22
Slide 23
Banks have such a feature as hiding the real value of the loan. They do this in many ways. For example, they mask the interest rate in commissions, or they force them to use the services of their partners.
23
Slide 24
Therefore, before you take a loan from a bank, you need to carefully analyze this bank. As far as possible, identify all the pitfalls !!!
24
Slide 25
Slide 26
Slide 27
Slide 28
Insurance is a special type of economic relationship designed to provide insurance coverage for people and their affairs against various kinds of dangers.
28
Slide 29
Life and health insurance
Life and health insurance is a voluntary program aimed at life and health insurance of clients, as part of a consumer loan. Upon the occurrence of an insured event (assignment of a disability of group 1 or 2, death), the insurance company will make an insurance payment in the amount of the originally issued loan, but not more than 1,000,000 rubles.
29
Slide 30
Financial risk insurance
Job loss insurance is a voluntary program aimed at insuring the risks of involuntary loss of the main place of work, as part of the consumer loan. Upon the occurrence of an insured event (dismissal from the main place of work due to reduction of staff or liquidation of the organization), the insurance company will make an insurance payment of up to four monthly loan payments.
30
Slide 31
The following may not be insured:
Disabled people; Patients with epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, oncology, chronic cardiovascular diseases, carriers of HIV infection and AIDS patients, ALCOHOLICS AND DRUGS; Persons whose work is at particular risk; Persons involved in hazardous sports (auto - motorcycling, parachuting, contact martial arts, mountaineering, mountain and water tourism, scuba diving, etc.); Persons over 70;
31
Slide 32
You can join the insurance program if: You are between 18 and 70 years old. (that each insurance company has individual age requirements for the client) You do not have health restrictions specified in the insurance application
Additional financial protection for you and your loved ones in case of an insured event; Participation in the insurance program will give you more confidence in the future. More likely to “provide” a loan
Extra overpayment ... Many additional conditions under which you do not get insurance
"+" And "-" insurance
32
Slide 33
Slide 34
Slide 35
Banks in Mezhdurechensk working with commodity loans
35
Slide 36
Slide 37
Key Terms
Credit - a form of cash flow that ensures the conversion of the lender's own capital into borrowed capital of the borrower. Consumer loan - ensures that individuals receive cash or personal items at the moment, while payment is extended for a certain period in the future. Credit cost - includes interest and other expenses for servicing the use of credit. The main loan amount is the amount of money taken on credit (borrowed capital). Annual interest rate - the cost of the loan in annual interest payments.
37
Slide 38
IMPORTANT!!!
Loan terms can be very different from several months to several years. The age at which you can get a loan ranges from 18 to 70 years, depending on the bank, you MUST work (at the last place of work from 3 months)
38
Slide 39
Passport Certificate ГПРФ (insurance) Passport TIN Driving license
Documents required when applying for a loan
39
Slide 40
Delays in payment and their consequences (The consequences are equally serious - whether it is a mortgage loan, car leasing, consumer credit, credit card, credit line or installment plan.
On average 1 delay, no penalty; 2 delay - 300r fine; 3 delay - 900r fine; Administrative and criminal liability; Bad credit history - blacklist ... Proofreading agency ...
40
Slide 41
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW WHEN FORMING A LOAN !!!
Mother’s maiden name, date of birth (day, month, year); Address of registration and residence (zip code, region, city, street, apartment, house); Phones: OWN soda, home, WORK, chief and just in case 2-3 phones relatives; Name - Head.
41
Slide 42
Overpayments in payment and their consequences
In about many banks: In case of overpayment, the bank has no complaints and closes the loan agreement, but at the same time, the account to which the money was transferred to the bank is not, there is MONEY (overpayment). Example: about 200 rubles of overpayment - in 5 years the debt will be more than 5000 rubles.
42
Slide 43
EARLY REPAYMENT
“-” With early repayment, there is a greater likelihood of “not overpaying” or “overpaying”, which is even worse ... In money, you win a penny .... When repaying an interest-free loan ahead of schedule, the bank wonders if it is worth YOU to give out a loan next time - because the bank is not profitable !!!
“+” Overpayment decreases .... It becomes "calmer" that he paid the loan and should no longer ....
43
Slide 44
Types of loan payments
an annuity payment is an equal monthly loan payment, which includes the amount of accrued interest for the loan and the amount of the principal debt, is applied in most commercial banks;
a differentiated payment is a monthly payment that decreases by the end of the loan term and consists of a constant fixed share of the principal debt and interest on the outstanding loan balance, often used by Sberbank.
44
Slide 45
Differential Payment Calculation
Differentiated payments at the beginning of the loan term are greater and then gradually decrease, i.e. regular loan payments are not equal to each other. The structure of the differential payment consists of two parts: a fixed amount for the entire period that goes to repay the amount of debt, and a decreasing part - interest on the loan, which is calculated from the amount of the balance of the mortgage loan. Due to the continuous decrease in the amount of debt, the size of interest payments decreases, and with them the monthly payment. In order to calculate the amount of principal repayment, it is necessary to divide the initial loan amount by the loan term (number of periods):
45
Slide 46
SC \u003d CT-PV
SK - loan amount; CT - the price of the goods; PV - down payment on the loan;
46
Slide 47
OD \u003d SK / KP
OD - return of the main debt; SK - loan amount; KP - the number of periods (the number of months on the loan).
47
Slide 48
There are two options for calculating the amount of interest due. Their difference is in the time base used. Some banks proceed from the fact that “there are 12 months in a year” And Some banks proceed from the fact that “365 days in a year”
48
Slide 49
Two options for calculating accrued interest
NP - accrued interest; OK - loan balance in a given month; PS - annual interest rate.
NP - accrued interest; OK - loan balance in a given month; PS - annual interest rate; ChDM - the number of days in a month (it is clear that this number varies from 28 to 31).
49
Slide 50
Example 1
Given:
Down payment of 10%. The price of a washing machine is 10,000 rubles. Loan term 12 months. Interest rate 40%. The month of January (31 days)
Decision:
We determine the amount of the down payment (PV), it is known that PV \u003d 10% of the price of the goods (CT), so to find the amount of PV, you need: CT / 100 * 10 \u003d PV PV \u003d 10000/100 * 10 \u003d 1000 rubles. 2. Find the loan amount: CT-PV \u003d SK SK \u003d 10000-1000 \u003d 9000rub. 3. We will find the return of the main debt: OD \u003d SK / KP OD \u003d 9000 / 12month \u003d 750 rubles. (That is, monthly principal debt is 750 rubles each)
50
Slide 51
4. Find the balance of the loan (OK) in the given month: OK \u003d 9000 THAT WE HAVE NOT PAYED 5. Calculate the accrued interest in two ways (for the first month)
12 months
NP \u003d 9000 * 40% / 12 \u003d 300 rubles.
365 days
NP \u003d 9000 * 40% * (31/365) NP \u003d 305.75 rubles.
51
Slide 52
6. We will find the loan balance (OK) in this month: OK \u003d 9000-750 \u003d 8250rub SO, HOW already paid 750. 7. We calculate the accrued interest for two options (for the second month)
12 months
NP \u003d 8250 * 40% / 12 \u003d 275 rubles.
365 days
It is unforgettable that in February 28 days NP \u003d 8250 * 40% * (28/365) NP \u003d 280.27 rubles.
52
Slide 53
8. We calculate the amount of payment (SP) in the first month: SP \u003d LF + OS
SP \u003d 300 + 750 \u003d 1050 rubles.
SP \u003d 305.753 + 750 \u003d 1055.8 rubles.
12 months
365 days
9. We calculate the payment amount (SP) in the second month: SP \u003d LF + OS
12 months
365 days
SP \u003d 275 + 750 \u003d 1050 rub.
SP \u003d 253.15 + 750 \u003d 1,003.2 rubles.
10. Enter the data in the table / schedule of payments:
53
Slide 54
12 months
365 days
1 9000 305,75342 750 1055,8
2 8250 253,15068 750 1003,2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
No. of payment loan debt accrued interest principal debt payment amount
1 9000 300 750 1050
2 8250 275 750 1025
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Slide 55
Payment Schedule (12 months)
No. of payment loan debt accrued interest principal debt payment amount
1 9000 300 750 1050
2 8250 275 750 1025
3 7500 250 750 1000
4 6750 225 750 975
5 6000 200 750 950
6 5250 175 750 925
7 4500 150 750 900
8 3750 125 750 875
9 3000 100 750 850
10 2250 75 750 825
11 1500 50 750 800
12 750 25 750 775
Slide 56
Payment Schedule (365days)
No. of payment loan debt accrued interest principal debt payment amount
1 9000 305,75342 750 1055,8
2 8250 253,15068 750 1003,2
3 7500 254,79452 750 1004,8
4 6750 221,91781 750 971,92
5 6000 203,83562 750 953,84
6 5250 172,60274 750 922,6
7 4500 152,87671 750 902,88
8 3750 127,39726 750 877,4
9 3000 98,630137 750 848,63
10 2250 76,438356 750 826,44
11 1500 49,315068 750 799,32
12 750 25,479452 750 775,48
Slide 57
So, we have received a payment schedule, where we see that if we summarize all the accrued interest, we will get the total amount of interest (overpayment, cost of credit.
And if we summarize the monthly payments, then we get the amount of payments on the loan.
Task: on the payment schedule, calculate the overpayment and the amount of payments on the loan yourself.
57
Slide 58
Payment Schedule (12 months)
No. of payment loan debt accrued interest principal debt payment amount
1 9000 300 750 1050
2 8250 275 750 1025
3 7500 250 750 1000
4 6750 225 750 975
5 6000 200 750 950
6 5250 175 750 925
7 4500 150 750 900
8 3750 125 750 875
9 3000 100 750 850
10 2250 75 750 825
11 1500 50 750 800
12 750 25 750 775
1950 9000 10950
58
Slide 59
Payment Schedule (365days)
No. of payment loan debt accrued interest principal debt payment amount
1 9000 305,75342 750 1055,8
2 8250 253,15068 750 1003,2
3 7500 254,79452 750 1004,8
4 6750 221,91781 750 971,92
5 6000 203,83562 750 953,84
6 5250 172,60274 750 922,6
7 4500 152,87671 750 902,88
8 3750 127,39726 750 877,4
9 3000 98,630137 750 848,63
10 2250 76,438356 750 826,44
11 1500 49,315068 750 799,32
12 750 25,479452 750 775,48
1942,1918 9000 10942
59
Slide 60
Calculation of annuity payment
Annuity, i.e. equal payments are payments that are made throughout the entire loan term equal to each other. With this type of payment, the borrower regularly makes the payment of the same size. This amount may be changed only by agreement of the parties or in some cases of partial prepayment. The structure of the annuity payment also consists of two parts: interest on the use of the loan and the amount used to repay the loan.