Recreational economy. Tourism
- Specialty VAK RF08.00.05
- Number of pages 176
Chapter 1. Methodological foundations of the formation and development of the territorial and recreational system in the region
1. Territorial division of labor and the formation of a territorial-recreational system.
2. Planning and management of the formation of the territorial-recreational system.
3. Basic prerequisites for the formation of a territorial and recreational system.
Chapter 2. Organizational and economic basis for increasing the social and economic efficiency of the recreational economy in the region
1. Organizational issues of improving the efficiency of the functioning of the recreational economy.
2. Problems of increasing the social and economic efficiency of the recreational economy and ways to solve them
Chapter 3. Methodological and organizational foundations for developing a program for the formation of a territorial-recreational system
1. The procedure for the development of a target complex program for the formation of a territorial-recreational system.
3. Questions of the organization of the process of developing a program for the formation of a territorial-recreational system
Key ideas and conclusions.
Recommended list of dissertations
Organizational and economic aspects of program-targeted management of the formation of a territorial-recreational system: On the example of the Republic of Dagestan 2000, candidate of economic sciences Gadzhiakhmedova, Aisha Magomedrasulovna
Methodological foundations of management of the formation and development of the sanatorium-resort complex of the region 2001, Candidate of Economic Sciences Gordyshev, Igor Alexandrovich
Organizational and economic aspects of the integrated development of the recreational and tourist industry in a depressed region 2006, Candidate of Economic Sciences Orudzheva, Gulshan Abdulgalimovna
Geoadaptation processes in the socio-ecological systems of Dagestan 1998, Doctor of Geographical Sciences Eldarov, Eldar Magomedovich
Formation of a strategy for the development of a regional tourist and recreational complex 2005, Doctor of Economics Dzhandzhugazova, Elena Aleksandrovna
Dissertation introduction (part of the abstract) on the topic "Organizational and economic foundations for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the recreational economy in the region: The example of the Republic of Dagestan"
The socio-economic transformations taking place in the country have significantly aggravated the problem of increasing the efficiency of the functioning and development of industries that determine the territorial specialization of regions. This problem is especially acute in those regions that have reserves of natural resources, but for one reason or another do not have the ability to effectively use them. These regions include the Republic of Dagestan, which has a significant potential for recreational resources and is characterized by a low level of social and economic development.
The relevance of studying the problems of improving the efficiency of the functioning and development of the recreational economy is due to the fact that as a result of the collapse of the USSR, the population of Russia lost its traditional places of recreation and sanatorium-resort treatment in such regions as Ukraine, Transcaucasia, Moldova, the Baltic states. This has led to a decrease in the ability to meet the needs of the population in recreational services. Currently, Dagestan is the only territory of the Russian Federation (in addition to the narrow strip of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory and the foothill part of the Stavropol Territory) that has recreational resources that make it possible to create a recreational zone of all-Russian importance and can largely satisfy the demand for recreational services.
The recreational economy is characterized by high social and economic efficiency. This is evidenced by the experience of countries where this industry is one of the leading (Italy, Spain, etc.). However, in our country, the recreational economy is not considered as an independent industry, which undoubtedly prevents the solution of problems of its functioning and increasing its efficiency. the functioning and development of the recreational economy, its territorial organization, is devoted to a lot of works of famous scientists: I.P. Gerasimov, I.V. Zorin, Sh.R. Lrahamia, Yu.L. Vedenin, E.L. Kotlyarov, V.I. Koblitsky, I.S. Mironenko, P.G. Oldak, V.S. Preobrazhesky and others. At the same time, a number of organizational and economic aspects of this multifaceted field of research have not yet received proper reflection in the literature.
The relevance of the problems of increasing the efficiency of the functioning and development of the recreational economy, the need to improve the scientific level of their solution and determined the choice of the research topic.
Objectives ”of the study is to improve the existing mechanisms for the functioning and development of the recreational economy in regions with great potential for recreational resources, based on the development and substantiation of effective organizational forms and methods of influence.
In accordance with the whole research, the following tasks were set and solved in the work:
Study of the processes of allocation of recreational regions as a result of deepening the territorial division of labor and increasing the level of territorial specialization;
Justification of the need to create a territorial-recreational system in the region, as the most effective form of spatial organization of the recreational industry.
Analysis of existing conceptual approaches and methods of forming the territorial and recreational system of the region;
Determination of organizational forms and structure of the territorial-recreational system of the region;
Determination of the content of the target complex program for the formation of TRS and the organizational issues of its development.
The theoretical and methodological basis of the dissertation research was the works of domestic scientists on the territorial organization of the recreational economy and pro-target planning. When solving a number of tasks, the methods of the systems approach, economic and logical analysis were used.
Statistical and analytical materials of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Dagestan, the Committee of the Government of the Republic of Dagestan for Youth and Tourism, the State Committee of the Republic of Dagestan on Statistics, the Institute of Socio-Economic Research D1SH RAM, etc. were used as an information base.
Obskto m and ssl sd about kap i is a recreational economy of the Republic of Dagestan considered as a complex industry, which includes three sub-branches: sanatorium-resort, tourist and health-improving.
The subject of the research is: organizational forms and methods of formation of the territorial-recreational system in the region, as the most important condition for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the recreational economy.
The scientific concept of the conducted research consists in the theoretical substantiation and development of practical recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the recreational economy by improving organizational forms and methods of development.
The most important research results obtained personally by the author include the following:
The necessity of the formation of the territorial-recreational system in the region as the most progressive form of the spatial organization of the recreational industry, ensuring its effective functioning and development;
The functional-sectoral, territorial and organizational-managerial structure of the TRS region has been determined;
The necessity of a professional-targeted approach to the formation of the territorial-recreational system of the region has been substantiated;
The necessity of creating a free economic zone in order to attract investments and solve the problem of forming a TRS has been substantiated;
The main problems of the development of the recreational economy in the region have been investigated and the most effective ways to solve them have been determined;
The procedure for the development and content of the target complex program for the formation of TRS has been determined;
An organizational mechanism for the development of the norm of the formation of a territorial-recreational system is proposed.
The practical significance of the dissertation work is that the theoretical provisions and practical recommendations proposed in it will contribute to improving the efficiency of the functioning and development of the recreational economy, overcoming departmental disunity, balanced and proportional development of the entire economic complex of the region, as well as the effective use of capital investments, material, labor and natural resources.
The proposals outlined in this work can be used in the development of a target comprehensive standard for the formation of the TRS region and in solving organizational issues of its development.
Approbation and implementation by the result of research. The main provisions of the dissertation were reported at scientific and technical conferences of teachers, employees and students of the Dagestan State Technical University and the Dagestan State University in 1996-1998. and published in collections of scientific papers.
Similar dissertations in the specialty "Economics and management of the national economy: theory of management of economic systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economy; logistics; labor economics ", 08.00.05 code VAK
Strategic Management of Entrepreneurial Structures in the Recreational Sphere: Case of the Caucasian Mineral Waters 2005, Candidate of Economic Sciences Yurina, Valentina Petrovna
Sustainable development of tourism in the territorial and recreational complex 2004, candidate of economic sciences Khachmamuk, Ruslan Vyacheslavovich
Strategic management of the tourist and recreational complex 2009, candidate of economic sciences Pirbudagova, Saida Magomedovna
Ecological and economic development of the recreational sphere of the region: concept, factors, mechanism 2006, Doctor of Economics Edelev, Dmitry Arkadievich.
Regional features and directions for improving the mechanism for implementing targeted programs in the region: the example of the Republic of Dagestan 2012, Candidate of Economic Sciences Lukmanova, Indira Lukmanovna
Conclusion of the thesis on the topic “Economics and management of the national economy: the theory of management of economic systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economy; logistics; labor economics ", Khametova, Zukhrakhanum Tagirovna
MAIN IDEAS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE DISSERTATION.
1.In the process of deepening the territorial division of labor, individual regions specialize in those activities for the development of which they have the most favorable conditions. In our opinion, this happens as follows:
Formed certain needs of the national economy, consisting of two ipynn - national economic needs and intraregional needs;
There is a distribution of the resources of social labor between regions in accordance with the conditions available in each region to meet both national economic and intraregional needs;
The process of production of consumer goods is carried out within individual regions;
There is an exchange (consumption) of products between regions and the actual regional process of consumption of products;
Based on this, all economic regions can be divided into three groups. First, these are regions that gradually formed on the basis of one or several resources or traditional industries and for a fairly long time took shape in intersectoral economic complexes characterized by a relatively high standard of living, a developed infrastructure of a production and social nature. Secondly, these are regions whose formation took place relatively quickly on the basis of predominantly scarce natural resources. These are, as a rule, the regions of the eastern part of the country. Thirdly, these are regions that have significant resource potential, but for one reason or another did not receive sufficient development, and their resources remained unclaimed. In our opinion, this group includes the Republic
Dagestan, which has rich and practically unused recreational resources, etc.
Common to all types of regions is that their development is associated with some predominant type of resource that determines their specialization. For example, territories with comfortable natural conditions specialize in meeting the recreational needs of the country's population (Big Sochi, the southern coast of Crimea, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, the Baltic Sea coast, the Carpathians, Altai). In this case, the decisive factor that determines the specialization of the territory to meet the recreational needs is the natural factor (geographical location, natural conditions, recreational resources).
2. Being a branch of specialization of the territory, the recreational economy, due to the high modern level of social division of labor, cannot develop separately, within a separate branch. It inevitably attracts other industries for the implementation of its main function, as a result of which production and economic ties between enterprises of the production and non-production sectors are strengthened and developed, which are involved in the process of meeting the needs of recreants. At a certain stage of its development, the entire set of industries, united by one functional task (meeting the needs of recreants), enters into such close ties with each other that they form a certain economic integrity, i.e. a territorial and recreational system (TRS) is being formed.
In this study, the territorial-recreational system is considered as a single territorial organism, including a set of recreational institutions, related infrastructure enterprises, united by close production ties, geographical location, natural and economic resources and performing a single task - meeting the recreational needs of the population.
3. The process of managing the formation and development of TRS, in our opinion, should be based on the program-target method. Using the program method allows you to effectively combine sectoral territorial interests and use the program as a means of combining them to achieve the goal (s) of creating a TRS.
The need for a program-targeted method is due to the following: -existing methods of planning and management do not fully integrate enterprises and organizations operating in TPC, provide a link in time and space for the long term, various production and other connections; -the process of forming the TRS covers a long time period, therefore it is important to consider this problem in a long perspective period and highlight the most important stages of its solution; - the existing bodies of sectoral and territorial administration of the region do not have the necessary powers to resolve issues related to the formation of TRS; - the formation of TRS requires the targeted distribution of resources essential for the economic complex of the region.
The use of the program-targeted method allows obtaining a number of advantages: -the possibility of the emergence of intra-territorial contradictions between the recreational economy and other sectors of the region is excluded; - conditions are created for the effective solution of environmental protection problems and the replenishment of recreational resources; - prerequisites are created for eliminating imbalances arising during the formation of the system; - there is an opportunity to form the optimal structure of the system, providing a high social and economic effect from recreational activities.
4. The analysis of the current state of the material and technical base of the republic's recreational economy, carried out in the work, made it possible to identify the following features: most of the recreational facilities have a pronounced seasonal character; the material and technical base of the recreational economy is characterized by a low level of comfort, poor development of production and non-production support enterprises; the degree of use of recreational resources is insignificant, the quality of recreational services is low. All this, taken together, will not give the proper social and economic effect from recreational activities.
To increase the efficiency of the functioning and development of the recreational economy in Dagestan and other regions, in our opinion, it is necessary to form a territorial-recreational system. Characterizing the territorial-recreational system, we can say that this is a complex formation with close interrelationships between its constituent elements. It is a single territorial organism with new qualitative characteristics that are not characteristic of its constituent elements, including: - a single control and support system; stable relationships between recreational areas, centers of tourism, treatment and recreation; -specialization and cooperation of recreational areas as elements of a single system; -complex interconnected system of tourist routes, road network, engineering systems; -unified environmental protection system; -comprehensive social and economic efficiency of the entire system as a whole.
5. Formation of TRS in the region contributes to the acceleration of economic development. This is due to the so-called "multiplier effect." It is expressed in the fact that the recreational economy will give a powerful impetus to the development of other sectors of the region's economy. In fact, there is not a single branch of the production and non-production sphere, which would not be directly or indirectly influenced by the recreational economy. At the same time, the recreational economy makes the most significant changes in those sectors of the territory that are associated with it in the line of production and non-production services. These industries are increasingly turning both their individual aspects, for example, specialization, and general directions of development into functional serving sectors of the recreational economy. We are talking about such industries as agriculture, food industry and others, which are constituent elements of other economic complexes of the territory.
New qualities of TRS create the most favorable preconditions for increasing the social and economic efficiency of the functioning of the recreational industry. The socio-economic effect of the formation of TRS is manifested primarily in the economy of financial, material, labor resources, achieved through the centralization of service industries, the establishment of rational, scientifically grounded relationships and proportions between the constituent parts of the system, a more perfect organization of the construction of recreational facilities and enterprises of service industries , a higher level of recreational services and the implementation of various types of recreational activities, taking into account the professional and age characteristics of recreators.
It is known that the sale of recreational services is one of the most profitable items of foreign exchange earnings in the budget of many countries of the world. In this regard, it should be noted that the formation of the TRS allows "to bring the quality of recreational services to the level of world standards, which means it will create conditions for the development of international tourism in the region and provide foreign exchange earnings to the budget of the republic.
And finally, the formation of the TRS makes it possible to overcome departmental disunity in the development of recreational resources, to successfully solve environmental problems associated with the protection of invaluable recreational resources of the territory, to ensure the coordinated functioning of all elements involved in recreational services, to improve the real standard of living of the population of the republic, to solve social economic problems in the region.
6. 15 in accordance with the Temporary Methodology for Determining the Effectiveness of Costs in the Non-Production Sphere, the effectiveness of recreational services is derived from positive social results, consisting in the reproduction of the labor force by restoring and strengthening the physiological and creative potential of workers.
Quantitatively, the social results of the functioning of the recreational economy can be expressed in a decrease in the level of morbidity, an increase in the labor productivity of people who have rested at the resorts. Research carried out by the Department of Recreational Physiology ¡All-Union Research Laboratory for Tourism and Excursions has shown that active recreation can reduce the level of cardiovascular diseases by almost half. Respiratory diseases are reduced by almost 40%, diseases of the nerves and musculoskeletal system - by almost 30%. It was also found that in the first month after active rest, labor productivity increases by 15-25%. Temporary disability, on average per one recreant, within one year after a vacation at a resort decreases by 7.2 days, or by 31.5%, and after treatment and rest in a sanatorium, it decreases by 11.4 days, or 50, 2%. The formation of the TRS makes it possible to significantly improve the quality of service, and hence the social results of recreational activities in this case will be higher.
Along with the social results of the functioning of the TRS, it is necessary to take into account the economic results. They can be divided into direct and indirect.
In our opinion, the direct result of the formation and functioning of the TRS is the profit from the sale of recreational services in the sanatorium, tourism and health sector, as well as the profit received and service industries. The total economic effect of the IPC functioning can be represented as the sum of the sectoral effects calculated for each branch of the TRS: EfS = Ee + Eg + E0 + Ew where,
EFS - the total economic effect of the functioning of the TRS;
ES - the economic effect of the functioning of the health resort industry;
Et - the economic effect of the functioning of the tourism industry;
E0 - the economic effect of the functioning of the health-improving industry;
E „- the economic effect of the functioning of the service industries.
Using the assessment of the economic effect of the functioning of the TRS region and comparing this value with the costs, it is possible to determine the economic efficiency of the formation of the TRS region.
Indirect economic results are taken into account outside the TRS in the branches of material and non-material production and consist in an increase in production and national income due to an increase in the working time fund due to a decrease in morbidity and an increase in the productivity of rested workers.
7. Solving the problem of managing the process of forming TRS in the region requires substantiation of its composition and structure. In our opinion, it is advisable to distinguish three structural sections: functional and sectoral, territorial and organizational and management.
By the functional and sectoral structure of TRS, we mean a set of industries, types of activities that perform certain functions and are integrated within the TRS to achieve the ultimate goal.
Considering the functional and sectoral structure of TRS, it is possible to distinguish two large areas in its composition: a) direct service of recruits; b) economic support.
The structure of the sphere of direct service (the core of the system) of recruits includes: a tourism economy, a sanatorium-resort economy, a health-improving recreation economy.
The sphere of economic support includes the sphere of production support and non-production support.
One of the criteria for determining the territorial structure of the system may be the degree of concentration of recreational resources. For example, in the conditions of the Republic of Dagestan, but this criterion in the territorial structure of the TRS of the republic can be divided into three districts, in which Moiyr's fancies are formed local recreational complexes: the Northern recreational complex, the Primorsky recreational complex, the Mountain recreational complex.
The largest among them is the Primorsky recreation complex. It includes four local complexes: the Manas recreational complex, the Kayaksnt recreational complex, the Makhachkala recreational complex, and the Samur recreational complex.
The organizational and managerial structure of TRS is a set of organizational forms and management bodies, hierarchically linked, ensuring the purposeful and mutually consistent development of all links of TRS.
Currently in practice is an example of the organizational and management structure of a regional TRS. At the same time, to solve complex and large-scale economic, organizational and other problems of the formation and functioning of the republican TRS, a clear organizational and management structure of both the regional TRS and local recreational complexes is required. lía our opinion, one of the principles of the formation of the organizational and management structure. TRS can be the ratio of the boundaries of administrative-territorial regions and local recreational complexes. This feature should be considered the main one, since the correspondence of the boundaries of the complexes and administrative-territorial boundaries creates the most favorable preconditions for effective management and planning of the formation and functioning of the TRS.On this basis, we believe that the Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Dagestan should take over the management functions of the regional TRS. , the creation of which is a prerequisite for the effective functioning of the recreational economy of the republic. The real owner of the local recreational complex should be the district (city) represented by its administration. Legal registration of the relationship between the above parties can be carried out with the help of the development and adoption of a new edition of the existing Law of the Republic of Dagestan "On Tourism" in the aspect of the economic and legal foundations of the management of the recreational economy of Dagestan.
8. In connection with the transition to a market economy, many regions, incl. Dagestan is in dire need of large-scale investments to ensure the solution of key tasks, and above all, the tasks of restructuring the economy. It is known that, due to objective reasons, the possibilities of individual regions to mobilize internal sources of investment are limited.
One of the options for solving the investment problem for the development of the recreational economy and the formation of TRS in the region, in our opinion, is the creation of free economic zones (FEZ), which in many countries were used as a very effective tool for the development of the economy of individual regions.
World experience shows that the creation of a SEZ allows to ensure: -acceleration of the socio-economic development of the region; - improvement of the sectoral structure; -effective development of recreational resources; -development of the export base and increase in foreign exchange earnings due to the more intensive inclusion of the region in the system of international relations; - testing at the local level of various options for the introduction of new forms of management, adapted to the conditions of the world market; -practical training of personnel in techniques and methods of international business; - attracting foreign investment; -accelerated growth of small and medium-sized businesses; -creation of a large number of new jobs and raising the level of qualifications of the workforce.
The study showed that in order to increase the efficiency of the functioning and development of the recreational economy of the region and, in particular, Dagestan, it is necessary:
Eliminate the pronounced seasonal nature of recreational activities and ensure year-round operation of recreational facilities;
Eliminate the departmental approach to the development and use of recreational resources by creating a single body to manage the process of forming the TRS;
To solve the environmental problems facing the present, and which may arise in the future as the recreational development of the territory;
To ensure the development of a network of enterprises for production and non-production support of the recreational economy;
Solve the issue of ownership of land areas rich in recreational resources;
Create a free economic zone; - to ensure political stability in the region;
Create a training system for the recreational and service industries.
9. As a result of the research carried out in the dissertation, it was concluded that the formation of TRS should be based on the use of a pro-target method. In this regard, the procedure for developing a program for the formation of a territorial-recreational system has been substantiated, the content of this program has been determined and an organizational mechanism for the development and implementation of a program has been proposed.
The framework for the formation and development of TRS can be defined as the development and implementation of a system of measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the recreational economy, ensuring the integrated economic development of the region, rational use and increasing the potential of recreational resources.
We propose to develop a program for the formation and development of TRS in the following order
1. Determination of the national economic needs for recreational services in the region. It should be noted that these needs \ ioiyr and not formulated at the time of substantiating the prospects for the development of the region's economy in an explicit form, which is currently taking place in Dagestan. It is possible that the needs of society for recreational services will be especially acute only in the future period. However, the ability of the region to meet these future needs \ ioiyr require restructuring or capacity building of the region's economy already now. In this case, the future needs of the needs of the national economy determine the rate of development and changes in the structure of the regional economy.
2. Forecast of the development of the territorial-recreational system in the considered perspective.
3. Justification of the need to apply the program method to eliminate the mismatch of the parameters of the development of the territorial-recreational system revealed at the previous stage.
4. Justification of the purpose (goals) of the program for the formation of TRS.
5. Analysis of the starting level of development of the TRS with the aim of identifying the main imbalances, problems on the solution of which it is necessary to direct efforts so that the set goals are achieved.
6. Formulation of specific tasks of the program for the formation and development of TRS by stages of its implementation and but by separate structural parts of the program.
7. Consideration of various options for solving problems that differ in terms and volume of resources used. The choice of the best option from the point of view of solving a given problem, a given block (structural element) of the program. Determination of the total resources for the implementation of the program.
8. Comparison of the amount of available resources with the resources required for the implementation of this program, as well as identification of their sources. These resources are determined by various circumstances, including the national economic significance of the implementation of this program.
9. Coordination of development options for individual blocks of the program with general restrictions on the amount of resources. Finding the optimal option for the implementation of the program and as a whole as an agreed development project for the development of individual blocks in terms of goals and resources.
10. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the TRS formation program.
The implementation of the above stages of work determines the general sequence of operations to obtain interconnected in the main parts of the goals, resources and terms of the program for the formation and development of TRS. These stages are strictly separated from each other by the time of implementation and by the methods that are used at each stage.
In accordance with the methods used and specific methods of coordinating decisions, the main stages of developing programs can be grouped into the following technological blocks: analytical block - where the general parts of the program are formed and the need to achieve them is justified by software; the structural block is determined by the content of the program, the main part and subprograms are highlighted in the geem .; constructive block - in gegem, the agreed development options are determined for individual subprograms, the necessary resources, the distribution and effectiveness of the program are assessed.
LNLLITICAL CLOCK. In this block, the goal (goals) of the TRS formation program is formulated and the expediency of programmatic achievement of this goal is substantiated. The enlarged scenarios of future situations of economic development of the region are being developed from the point of view of the dynamics of its role in the national economy of the country.
STRUCTURAL CLUB. Here, the general goals of the program for the formation of TRS are determined in the form of quantitative tasks to increase the quantity and quality of recreational services. Structuring of programs i, i. decomposition of the general goal of the program into specific tasks, the solution of which realizes the general goal (goals). For this Mr. a "tree of goals is being developed." One of the possible variants of the "tree of goals" for the formation of the TRS region is shown in Fig.4.
CONSTRUCTION! 1st CLOCK. Here, a system of specific measures is being developed to implement the goals formulated in the concept of the formation of TRS and which are the basis for individual subprograms.
10. The structure of the program for the formation and development of TRS should be determined by the influence of three factors: - the properties of TRS as a form of spatial organization of industries that ensure the implementation of recreational activities; -specifics of TRS as an object of planning and management; -requirements imposed by the process of managing the formation of the system.
The characteristics of TRS as a form of spatial organization of industries that ensure the implementation of recreational activities require reflection in the structure of the program of such properties as completeness-internal communication; hierarchy - internal structure; dynamism - development options. Thus, the need to present the internal structure of the system determines the content of the target objects section, which includes three subsections: 1) direct service; 2) non-production support; 3) production support.
The specificity of TRS as a planning object is determined by the fact that it is an object of target program planning. Therefore, firstly, the structure of the TRS program should clearly represent the goals of the formation of the system. This function can be performed by two sections: summary and target objects. Secondly, the structure of the program should reflect the process of capital construction in a broad sense: design, distribution of capital investments, commissioning of capacities and fixed assets, development of the construction base. This requires a section of capital construction, which, in turn, includes three subsections: design and survey work; -capital investments; -building base. Thirdly, the structure of the program should reflect the process of providing resources, based on the ultimate goals of the formation of the system and regardless of the departmental subordination of objects.
To reflect the specifics of the tasks facing the planning of the use of each type of regional resources, we propose the following sections: a) capital investments; b) labor resources; c) material balances.
The requirements imposed by the process of managing the formation of TRS for the structure of the program depend on the functions of the governing body. The body for managing the process of forming the TRS performs the functions of monitoring the branches of the parties to the creation of the TRS and the territory, monitoring the process as a whole and comparing goals and resources, monitoring the implementation of environmental protection requirements.
section of rational use of natural resources and environmental protection and the summary section of the program.
Thus, the characteristics of TRS as a form of spatial organization of industries that ensure the implementation of recreational activities, its specificity as an object of planning and the requirements of the management process, predetermine the need for the following sections of the program for the formation and development of G1RS: - summary section; -target objects (objects of the core of the complex, non-production support and production support); -capital construction; - labor resources; rational use of natural resources and environmental protection; material balances; - planning and management improvements.
11. Implementation of the scheme for the development of a profile,. effective use of various methods of coordination of iodprofams, selection of the best options for achieving program goals are determined by how the process of developing the program will be organized, how effective the system of organizations participating in the development at various stages will be.
On the one hand, when developing a profile, it is necessary to have a single developer of the profile as a whole, who would own the entire profile and could competently make decisions regarding the selection of various options and the coordination of private decisions. On the other hand, it is necessary to involve a certain number of co-developers in the development of a profile, who select options for solving individual problems within the framework of a general profile. These, obviously, should include organizations of various profiles and character and in accordance with the characteristics of specific tasks and program elements.
Such a structure of bodies developing target complex programs is also determined by the methodological provisions for the development of complex target programs, which establish the following hierarchy of organizations participating in the development: customer-lead developer-co-developers.
The client organization forms the problem itself. subject to a software solution and issues the initial task for the development of the program to the head developer (who can take part in the development of the initial task).
The lead developer proposes tasks to individual co-developers, links individual developments to deadlines and resources, prepares a program project for transfer to the customer.
Organizations-co-developers (ministries, departments), based on the specific tasks and resource limits received by them, develop proposals for solving the corresponding problems and transfer the projects to the head developer.
Thus, the lead developer is at the heart of this three-tiered software development organization. He must also, like the customer, own the entire problem as a whole, but he must master it deeper in order to be able to carry out an effective decomposition of goals from the point of view of the quality of program development, to determine specific sub-goals and tasks, the solution of which ensures the achievement of the main program results. in the most efficient way.
In our opinion, the Government of Dagestan could act as the customer of the target complex program for the formation of the TRS of the Republic of Dagestan.
The question with the definition of the head developer is more complicated. It seems to us that the role of the lead developer can be effectively carried out by an organization that can be characterized by three main features:
1) competence in the problem as a whole and in the basic details;
2) leadership in the development of the program i.e. implementation of the development, the central task (s) of the program;
Nel and guided by these three criteria, then the role of the lead developer should be performed by several organizations. This approach has both positive and negative sides.
On the one hand, the parity of the composition of the organizations coordinating the software development and determining their direction and goals, the inclusion of several organizations in the number of the head developers of the program, at first glance, provides an integrated approach to the problem. However, in this case, there is a problem of additional coordination in the process of developing the program, i.e. the problem of coordinating the activities of the lead developers themselves. This problem is very serious, since it takes a lot of time and effort to solve, which could be effectively used to directly work on the program.
The essence of the problem is that in the process of developing a program, it becomes necessary to coordinate individual decisions of co-developers with the common goal of forming a system. If the head developer is at the same hierarchical level in the management system as the co-developers, then he can actually integrate and coordinate solutions for individual subprograms. Otherwise, the coordination of individual projects of the global program will be in the nature of approval by ministries and departments of some decisions and rejection of others, which may and will be effective in terms of achieving program results, but do not correspond to the interests of the ministry. That is, ministries (departments) practically receive the right of "veto" on solutions that are unsatisfactory for one reason or another and proposed by the head developer. It is clear that in this case, the development of the program may be either completely impossible, or will not give the expected result due to the fact that the problem of the combination of sectoral and regional interests will not be resolved.
Based on this, we believe that the role of the lead developer should be performed by two organizations: a special commission of a complex ooze of a sufficiently high rank (for example, a commission of the Government of the Republic of Dagestan) and a research organization. There must be a clear differentiation of functions between these parts of the head developer.
The research organization should become the main developer of the nrednrogram (forecast) of the development of the system, i.e. the general framework of the program, the range of options for implementing the goals set by the customer, determining the general directions of the system's development, formulating its concept, calculating its quantitative parameters. The integrated commission, on the basis of this preprogramme material, develops a detailed decomposition of the overall goal (s) of the program, determines the circle of co-development, draws up a coordination plan, coordinates decisions on individual problems of forming the system, integrates projects for individual subprograms, presents a draft global program to the customer, organizes revision programs.
I 1 the research organization constantly participates in the process of developing the program, analyzing the ideas presented by the co-developers on individual podirofamma, correcting the initial provisions.
In the case of such a system of organizations developing the program: a complex commission of the Government of Dagestan - a research organization - ministries and departments co-developers - can be achieved, in our opinion, as an effective organization of the process of developing a program, as well as an effective implementation of the developed program.
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1.2 Resort and recreational facilities
Odessa region is considered one of the leading tourist and recreational centers in Ukraine.
The main natural recreational resources of the region are curative mud and brine estuaries, sandy beaches and mineral waters. In terms of the richness and diversity of natural healing resources, as well as the number of health resorts, the region ranks third in Ukraine after the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Lviv region (over 600 institutions for receiving and serving tourists and vacationers).
Among the numerous natural resources used in the spa sector, curative mud occupies an important place. The physical and geographical conditions of the Black Sea region favored the formation of silt sulphide mud. They contain a large number of microorganisms that determine a number of important physical and chemical properties.
Typical reservoirs of mud are the Kuyalnitsky and Khadzhibey estuaries, which are characterized by a high content of sulphides and mineral mud. The healing mud of the Odessa estuaries belongs to mud with a thin skeleton, with good plasticity, stickiness and viscosity. The mud of the Kuyalnitsky and Khadzhibey estuaries is characterized by the smell of hydrogen sulfide, black with luster and dark gray in color, the structure of silts is fine-grained. The silt deposits contain volatile amine bases, organic acids, chlorophyll, organic substances, biologically active microcomponents, enzymes, hormones, as well as a rather complex microbial composition that plays an extremely important role in the process of mud formation. The mud reserves of both estuaries are quite large. The mud of the Kuyalnitsky estuary is used by all health resorts in Odessa, and is also transported for spa treatment to other regions of Ukraine.
One of the oldest and most famous resorts operating on the basis of therapeutic mud is Kuyalnitsky. The first medical institution - "warm baths" - was created here in 1833 at the initiative of the military doctor E. Andrievsky, who used mud to treat the wounded. In 1892, the largest mud clinic in Russia at that time was founded, which still functions today.
Nowadays, Kuyalnik has three 15-storey sanatorium buildings with 3000 beds, a health resort clinic, a mud clinic, a cultural and shopping center.
The mud of the Tigulskiy estuary belongs to the low-sulphide, medium-mineralized chloride magnesium-sodium curative mud. They are used at the Koblevo resort. The mud reserves of the Tigulsky estuary are very large. According to the calculations of scientists, they will be enough for 2000 years. More efficient development of this field can significantly reduce the operational load on the unique Kuyalnitskoye field and protect it from depletion
Estuary (Burnas) and lakes (Alibey, Shagani), located between the delta of the river. The Danube River also possesses a valuable complex of therapeutic factors: both silt deposits and water and brine of reservoirs containing various microelements (iodine, bromine, boron) with high therapeutic activity are used for therapeutic purposes.
Not only curative mud is of recreational importance, but also brine from reservoirs, which is widely used for balneological procedures (baths, showers, irrigation, etc.).
In the practice of spa treatment in the region, mineral waters are widely used, which are used both for oral administration and for external procedures.
Various types of mineral waters are widespread within the Odessa region, which are exposed mainly by wells. The possibilities of their use in balneology are very great, but the degree of their use is rather low. Until recently, only Kuyalnik was bottled at the factory. This situation has developed due to the fact that resorts have always been located along the coast or on the banks of estuaries. Currently, the situation with the use of mineral waters in the Odessa region is leveled.
Thus, hydrogen sulfide waters have been identified in several points of the Tatarbunar region. Waters of this type are used for external use in diseases of the organs of movement, peripheral nervous system, metabolic diseases and skin diseases.
Iodine-bromine waters were discovered outside the coastal zone (Bolgrad, Plakhteevka village). They have a significant effect on thyroid function.
Hydrocarbonate sodium waters were found in the Tatarbunarsky and Saratsky regions. They are used for various gastrointestinal ailments.
Chloride-sulfate and sulfate-chloride waters are widely represented in the Odessa region. They are used by the famous Odessa Lermontovsky resort and tubinstitute. Other mineral waters are also being developed on the territory of the region.
The most important healing factor in the Odessa resort region is the Black Sea. The Black Sea water is characterized by significant mineralization. It contains table salt, chloride and hydrogen sulfide magnesium, calcium carbonate, iodine, bromine, iron and other trace elements.
In the surf zone, a large number of negatively charged hydroions are formed, which have an active physiological effect on the human body. In addition, the air on the seashore is enriched with oxygen, salts of bromine, chlorine, iodine, which makes it especially useful.
Treatment by the sea - "thalassotherapy" - is now widely used in all countries of the world. It is an active therapeutic agent for a wide range of diseases and for prophylactic purposes.
On the seashore in Luzanovka there is a children's health center, founded in 1923. to save Odessa children suffering from hunger. Today it is the Republican Children's Center "Young Guard", organized according to the principle of "Artek".
The popular climatic resort Karolino-Bugaz is located 60 km from Odessa on a sandy spit, which is washed on one side by the salty Black Sea, and on the other side by the freshwater Dniester estuary.
The sandy beaches of the region stretch for 175 km. Most of the beaches are not natural, but man-made, requiring constant attention due to landslides, a terrible disease of the coast. The beaches and park areas descending to them create unified complexes with numerous amenities for vacationers. The swimming season usually starts in June and ends in September. A poorly solvable problem of Odessa beaches is the purity of both sand and coastal waters. This is due to the flow of sewage, frequent accidents at treatment facilities and the culture of the vacationers themselves.
The richest base of various medical and recreational resources contributed to the creation of over 700 health improvement, treatment and recreation institutions in the region, including: 35 sanatoriums, 8 sanatoriums-preventoriums, 44 children's health institutions, 118 hotel enterprises, 558 recreation centers.
Odessa sanatoriums "Lermontovsky", "Ukraine", "Russia", them. Gorky, "Odesskiy", "Zolotaya Niva", "Patria", "Kuyalnik" are known far beyond the borders of Ukraine for their therapeutic possibilities.
Over the past years, medical and recreational facilities have been opened outside the city. Thus, in the city of Yuzhny, the Yuzhny medical, sports and recreation complex (for 100 beds) was commissioned; in the village of Gribovka, Ovidiopol district, there is a recreation center "Gazovik" (for 160 beds); in the village of Zatoka - the recreation center "Svitoch" (for 120 beds), etc.
The strategy for the development of tourism and recreational economy of the Odessa region is aimed at creating a highly profitable industry, which is designed to meet the needs of domestic and international tourism, strengthening the relationship of tourism with other spheres of the national economic complex of the region, preserving the history of historical and cultural monuments, increasing the spiritual potential of society.
These processes. If by ecologization (in a broad sense) we mean the rational management of the interaction between nature and man, the establishment of a wise attitude of man to his natural environment, then ecological tourism can be considered a progressive direction. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to draw up a general, collective concept that integrates all types of tourism, oriented, before ...
Period, the main factors in the development of recreation are economic. But the overall impact and impact of each of them differs depending on the changing socio-economic situation. The resort and tourist complex of Ukraine is no exception, and at different stages of its existence and development, the influence of each of these factors was different. Influence on the development of resorts of individual ...
As you know, recreation is understood as an expanded reproduction of the physical, intellectual and emotional forces of a person. Recreation is necessary both from the point of view of the individual and from the point of view of the state, which for its development must take care of the reproduction of the productive forces of society, which also include the population.
Of all the forms of recreational activity, the health resort industry is engaged in restoring health, based on the use of natural medicinal resources: hydro-mineral and landscape-climatic, such as ski resorts in Russia. Resort business is one of the most ancient types of tourism. Since ancient times, people have learned to use mineral waters for medicinal purposes. Ancient monuments of Indian, Chinese and Jewish culture contain information about people bathing in hot springs on the island of Euboea in ancient Greece. Since then, the health resort business has undergone great changes and has become one of the most popular types of recreation.
The peculiarity of the spa practice is that it combines many functions:
Preventive health improvement of the population;
Rehabilitation of patients;
Animation and leisure activities.
Preventive health improvement of the population in sanatorium-resort practice is carried out using two main forms:
Compensatory-extended recovery of human physical strength, carried out in daily treatment in sanatoriums in the evening;
Expanded recovery of physical strength and health in the process of spa treatment during the vacation period.
Based on the use of natural healing resources for the prevention of diseases by influencing risk factors, the physical and mental health of a person is restored at the resorts. Resorts contribute to the preservation and strengthening of health, the prevention of diseases.
Rehabilitation of patients after severe illnesses (myocardial infarction, reconstructive operations on the vessels, cerebral vascular crises and catastrophes with severe pathology of the nervous system and musculoskeletal system, etc.) takes an increasing place in the medical practice of resorts, contributes to the return of patients to an active life, retains the possibility of further labor activity for more than 50% of people who have undergone rehabilitation. Spa treatment is an essential element of modern medicine in the fight to reduce the incidence of the population, prevent disability and, as a consequence, preserve and reproduce labor resources.
The time of incapacity for work of workers after illness as a result of treatment at health resorts is reduced by 2-3 times, and the productivity of labor rises sharply. This is the main social task of the health resort business.
In recent years, all over the world, there has been a tendency of people to pay more and more attention to their state of health in order to correct the emerging changes. Hence the interest in healthy lifestyles and sports, which the resorts began to attach great importance to and create favorable conditions. Most of the health resorts have good sports facilities: gyms, sports grounds, tennis courts, swimming pools, sports equipment rentals. In a number of sanatoriums, ski slopes with lifts have been built, horse riding, fishing and hunting are offered (for example, in the health resorts "Volzhsky Utes", "White Lake", and in the Moscow region "Zagorskiye Daly" and "Solnechnaya Polyana" on paragliders and hang gliders).
However, recreation at the resorts pursues not only medical goals, but also the provision of a leisure and entertainment program rich in various animation cycles that can raise the vitality of vacationers, satisfy their spiritual and emotional needs. Historically, it is known that in the popular resorts of Europe and tsarist Russia, resort parks and kurzhals were created for the entertainment of vacationers, where balls and concerts were given, masquerades were held. During the Soviet period, they were preserved in the Estonian resort of Haapsalu. Dance evenings, movie screenings, meetings with famous cultural figures, excursion trips to natural and historical sights were accepted everywhere.
At present, the interest in animation activities in the resorts has not only not decreased, but has become very important. When choosing a place to stay at the resorts, recreators are guided by both medical factors and sports and animation services that one or another health resort can offer. This makes modern resorts, along with the improvement of the medical base, pay great attention to leisure activities of vacationers. Changes in the recreational needs of the population and their demands for the quality of recreation at resorts led to the development of the sanatorium business into a resort and recreational system, the main goals of which are to increase the level of individual and public health, quality and life expectancy. The main functions closely interacting with each other of the modern resort and recreational system (KRS) are:
Wellness (spa treatment);
Rehabilitation;
Preventive-valeological (prevention of a healthy lifestyle);
Recreational and animation.
Each function of the resort and recreational system requires its own specific technologies, which, nevertheless, should be applied only in an integrated manner. In therapeutic functions, priority is given to natural healing factors and non-traditional methods aimed at expanding health reserves in recreational functions - classes of classes that increase spiritual health and moral guidelines of society.
As is known from the foundations of recreation, the resort and recreational system, which is one of the forms of the recreational system, arose as a result of the interaction of three supersystems: society, nature and industrial production.
It has long become a part of the socio-economic sphere, and at the present time the economic aspect of the activities of Russian resorts is becoming more and more persistent, in contrast to the Soviet period, when the social component dominated.
Having gone through the hard times of the beginning of perestroika, our resorts have gradually managed to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions and operate profitably in them. 1999 showed that the occupancy rate of health resorts was on average 67% in the country, in industrially developed, densely populated regions it reached 90-100%, and in a number of regions (Altai, Bashkiria, Chelyabinsk region), the demand for medical services exceeded supply. Resorts began to generate income: the entire resort system gave the country about 2 billion rubles in income. The health resorts began to renew and expand the material base, carry out reconstruction and even conduct new construction: the bed fund increased by 1000 beds. Currently, the resort complex in Russia heals more than 7 million people a year. This is gratifying, but it still does not cover the needs of the entire population of the country in medical and recreational recreation. In addition, there is a danger of excessive commercialization of resort services, in which the pursuit of profit can reduce the effectiveness of the treatment process by washing out cheap medical services.
Particular attention should be paid to the destruction of the control system for the exploitation of natural medicinal resources. Currently, individual resorts (for example, "Belokurikha") are forced to organize themselves a monitoring service for the rational use of mineral water sources. The work on the exploration and protection of mineral waters, the identification of promising areas for therapeutic areas, the development of modern technologies for their development has been practically curtailed. This reduces the resort industry of the future. State regulation of the resort and recreational system is required both in the field of recreational nature management and in the field of social policy in terms of the availability of sanatorium and resort and health-improving rest for citizens. The scale of the resort and recreational system, the level of service must correspond to the level of material well-being of people and world standards.
New socio-economic conditions require changes in the activities of the industry, the main tasks of which are:
In the formation of federal and regional resort and recreational systems, the priority approach should be the understanding that public and individual health is the main national treasure.
The recreational farm is engaged in the organization of recreation, sanatorium treatment and tourism of the population. For our region, the problem is
the development of the recreational complex has a priority character. The Irkutsk region, a part of the Baikal region, is widely known for its specific natural and socio-cultural potential, an advantageous geopolitical position (in relation to the countries of Europe and Asia) for the development of the recreational complex. The development of this sector of the economy has a positive impact on the socio-economic living conditions of the local population, since it stimulates the development of other sectors of the infrastructure complex (transport and communications, public services), agriculture, the construction industry, etc. tourism, the development of which is often associated with plans for rapid economic growth. The territorial organization of all types of tourist activities is determined by the location of natural, historical and cultural resources that make up the tourist and recreational potential (Ryashchenko et al., 2008).
The tourist and recreational potential of the Irkutsk region is formed by the following factors: convenient geographical location, natural resource potential, rich historical and cultural heritage, formed tourist infrastructure, long-term experience of receiving tourists on the territory of the Irkutsk region and the availability of a personnel base. The most important feature of the recreational resources of our region is their limitedness and uniqueness. Therefore, all concepts for the development of this industry are based on the principles of maintaining ecological balance in natural ecosystems (Ryashchenko et al., 2008).
Tourist and recreational resources are unevenly distributed over the territory. On the territory of the Irkutsk region, there are six zones that are, to varying degrees, ready for the development of the modern tourism industry (Long-term target program ..., 2010): "Pribaikalye". The districts of this group (Slyudyansky, Irkutsk and Olkhonsky districts) have direct access to Lake Baikal - a unique natural site included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and which is the basis of the tourist potential of the Irkutsk region. This group also includes the city of Irkutsk as a large tourist transit center with a formed tourist infrastructure. Currently, there are about 400 registered tourist centers and recreation centers on the shores of Lake Baikal, with a capacity of about 20 thousand people. "Culture of the indigenous population". Ust-Orda Buryat District is an area of compact residence of the indigenous population - Buryats. From a tourist point of view, this area is interesting for its preserved original culture and traditional way of life. "Untouched nature". The group includes unique natural resources: the reserves "Vitimsky" (in the Bodaibinsky district) and "Baikalo-Lensky" (in the Kachugsky district), sources of medicinal mineral waters (Kazachinsko-Lensky district), vast hunting grounds (Zhigelovsky district of the Irkutsk region), systems rivers and lakes, mountain ranges. Of particular interest in the future may be the history and practice of gold mining in the Bodaibo region. "Southern Industrial Areas". It is relatively difficult for the regions of this group to compete in the tourism market. The concentration of industry, an unfavorable environmental situation, the absence of noticeable tourist and recreational resources, as well as significant development projects that are friendly to the environment, significantly limit the possibilities for the development of tourism. "Northern Industrial Areas". The main tourist and recreational resources are the Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk reservoirs with a large number of places for recreation and water entertainment in the summer season. With proper development of unique tourist offers, the regions of this group can become centers of event tourism. Recently, there has been an increased activity both on the part of local governments of municipalities of the Irkutsk region and investors in the city of Bratsk, where there are all the prerequisites for the formation of a tourist cluster (favorable location, developed transport infrastructure, accessibility, availability of recreational potential, ongoing tourism projects) ... "Areas of Deferred Tourist Development". Due to the significant remoteness, low level of development of the economy and basic infrastructure, a number of districts are classified as deferred tourist development. The development of tourism in these territories is possible with the development of specific economic projects. At the same time, there are significant tourist and recreational resources on the territory of regions of this category (in particular, Nizhneudinsky district, Tofalaria), the use of which can serve as an additional source for the economic development of the region, contribute to the preservation of ethnic nature management and traditional economic activities of the indigenous small people of the Tofs.
The development of tourism in the Irkutsk region began 50 years ago, but this process has noticeably intensified since 2002. During all this time, a tourist infrastructure, a culture of service, personnel, excursion and tourist routes, etc. have been formed.
Irkutsk region specializes in the development of the following types of tourism: Ecological tourism. It develops on Lake Baikal and other untouched natural areas, including specially protected areas (Pribaikalsky National Park, the Baikal-Lensky and Vitimsky reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, natural monuments). Cultural and historical tourism. It is formed on the basis of the rich history of the Irkutsk region and in the presence of more than 1500 objects of excursion and educational value, the most famous of which is the city of Irkutsk, included in the list of historical cities of Russia with significant architectural monuments, an engineering and architectural complex of world importance, the Circum-Baikal Railway, ethnographic museum "Tales". Active tourism. Recently, interest in active recreation on Lake Baikal has significantly increased: winter ice fishing, photo and video safari, iceboating, hiking, underwater diving, motorcycle and
car races, horse routes, rafting on the Utulik, Irkut and Snezhnaya rivers. The Khamar-Daban, Primorsky, Severo-Baikalsky ridges, the Sayan spurs, the Olkhinskoye plateau are unique places not only for mountaineering, but also for skiing. Prospective sites for the development of alpine skiing are located: in the Irkutsk region (Snowland, Eastland and the Nikola health and fitness park); in the Slyudyansky region (the Sobolinaya Mountain ski resort and the project for the Kharlakhta ski complex in Baikalsk). Business tourism (scientific and educational tourism). Created on the basis of the existing research and production potential of the Irkutsk region. The Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, higher educational institutions, industry institutes operate in the region, the country's largest industrial complexes operate - fuel and energy, mining, timber, petrochemical, non-ferrous metallurgy. Health tourism. On the territory of the Irkutsk region, there are six lakes with valuable reserves of medicinal mud, 230 wells and springs, 25 deposits of medicinal mineral waters are discovered, 46 sanatorium-resort organizations with 5589 beds function. The health resort complex of the region makes it possible to effectively treat and prevent actual and problematic diseases: circulatory organs, nervous system and organs of movement, digestive organs and genitourinary system, respiratory organs, female and male reproductive spheres.
The main elements of the tourist infrastructure are located in the territories arriving at Lake Baikal (Irkutsk, Slyudyansky, Olkhonsky districts), as well as in the city of Irkutsk. Currently, there are 241 units of collective accommodation facilities in the region with a one-time capacity of about 19,236 places (Table 21).
Table 21
The dynamics of the development of collective accommodation facilities in 2000-2010
assessment of compliance with the classification system for hotels and other accommodation facilities. Recently, there has been a tendency to accommodate tourists with private individuals who are rebuilding their estates into private visiting houses, which can contribute to the development of the so-called "rural tourism".
In large cities of the region, activities are developing to provide additional tourist services (restaurants, clubs, entertainment, cinemas, bowling alleys, etc.). In total, 207 travel companies operate in the Irkutsk region, of which 11 travel companies, included in the Unified Federal Register of Tour Operators, carry out tour operator activities (Table 22). About two dozen travel companies have more than 10-15 years of experience in the tourism sector.
Table 22
The main indicators of tourist activity in the Irkutsk region for 2000-2011.
Index | 2000 | 2005 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
Number of travel agencies, units | 39 | 90 | 95 | 126 | 145 | 207 |
Including: | | | | | | |
Tour operator firms | 27 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 22 | 11 |
Travel Agents | 12 | 55 | 59 | 93 | 107 | 155 |
Average number of employees, people | 240 | 497 | 405 | 461 | 506 | 747 |
Served tourists, people | 22353 | 36085 | 70865 | 72981 | 74708 | 141416 |
Compiled from (Irkutsk Oblast. 75 years ..., 2012)
The development of tourist and related infrastructure contributed to an increase in the tourist flow to the Irkutsk region, an increase in the consumption of tourist services and the number of people employed in this area.
Over the past six years, the tourist flow has shown a stable and high growth, while the Irkutsk region is among the leaders in Siberia and the Far East in terms of the number of tourists received. Thus, in 2009 the number of tourists visiting the Irkutsk region increased by 38% compared to 2006, and the volume of consumption more than doubled. The number of people employed in the tourism sector increased from 3.4 thousand people. up to 18 thousand people ("Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Irkutsk region (2011-2016)" ..., 2010).
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL Highlight the territorial features of the development of the service sector of the Irkutsk region. Why is the Irkutsk region a region with a high level of development of education and science? How are tourist and recreational resources located on the territory of the region? What types of tourism are most developed in the Irkutsk region?
Recreational resources of the Black Sea coast of Russia
Thesis >> Physical culture and sports... recreational spheres, the intensity of competition in the industry can be assessed as high. In these conditions effective functioning... A.M., Bokov M.A., Ugryumov E.S. Competitiveness of sanatorium resort organizations... - Sochi: RIO SGUTiKD, 2008. Vinokurov ...
Resort ski complex in the city of Ishimbay, Republic of Bashkortostan
Abstract >> Tourism... recreational territory, taking into account the creation of the most effective connections within the zone. Figure 2.2 - Planning scheme organization resort ...
Recreational complex of Ukraine (2)
Coursework >> Physical Education and Sports... effective development, are satisfied in the process recreational activities. The most important aspect recreational... year-round functioning... ... development resort-recreational spheres Crimea is ... etc.). For organization recreational activities and ...
Kurortno-recreational potential of Western European states, characteristics, comparative analysis
Coursework >> Physical Education and Sports... resort-recreational potential of the countries of Western Europe. Explore features organization resort ... functioning resort; Necessary technical devices and buildings for rational use resort... in sphere travel ... - effective means...
Problems and prospects recreational development of the Tarkhankut peninsula
Thesis >> Physical culture and sportsConditions for effective management recreational sphere... Creation ... for its intended purpose - organization resort rest in the regime ... hryvnia CONCLUSION Kurortno - recreational sphere- one of ... tourism is normal functioning spheres tourism is not feasible. ...
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