Tourist infrastructure of the Republic of Belarus and its functioning. Tourism in Belarus: state and prospects Tourist infrastructure of Belarus
2.2 Main directions of tourism development in the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Belarus has developed the National Tourism Development Program for 2006-2010. Its goal is to create the necessary infrastructure in tourist areas, the efficient and rational use of natural resources and the historical and cultural heritage of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the development of domestic and inbound tourism.
The main directions of tourism development are:
1. Transit and cross-border tourism
Based on the geopolitical position of the country, it is predetermined:
· development of a roadside network of tourist infrastructure that allows organizing recreation for several days, with visits to tourist attractions located along highways and transport corridors;
· organization of cross-border tourist routes, including visits to tourist sites of border states;
· Creation of tourist centers along the main transport corridors, primarily on the basis of small historical towns with valuable historical and cultural heritage (Mir, Nesvizh, Slonim, Zaslavl, Kobrin, Kossovo, etc.).
2. Educational tourism
For the development of educational tourism, it is planned to use the rich cultural and historical heritage of the Republic of Belarus and the common history and culture of Belarus with neighboring countries.
The program provides:
· creation of conditions for the formation of tourist-excursion routes for different categories of the population in places of important historical events and activities of prominent historical figures of the peoples living in the territory of our republic;
More efficient use of available opportunities tourism resources to organize nostalgic tours for immigrants from Belarus and their descendants now living in other countries;
· more active involvement of young people in traveling around their native land in order to cultivate respect for the historical past.
3. Agri-ecotourism
The following areas of development are envisaged:
· Creation of tourist villages with traditional folk architecture on the basis of existing rural settlements located in a picturesque area;
· activation of the use of reserves of the rural population through the organization of rural tours with accommodation and meals in village houses, estates;
· Creation of complexes on the basis of agricultural production cooperatives;
creation of conditions for acquaintance with the natural potential of the Republic of Belarus, outdoor activities, including:
organization of tourist trips with accommodation in tents, cooking on a fire;
organization of environmental education, environmental education tours for different age and social groups of the population, including groups specialized in interests (unique landscapes, valuable wetlands or forest lands, acquaintance with flora and fauna, rare and endangered plant species and animals, etc.);
photohunting for representatives of the animal and plant world, located in natural conditions.
A variety of agro-ecotourism can be water tourism. This type of tourism can be implemented in the form of short trips on passenger ships included in the combined multi-day tourist routes and trips of Belarusian and foreign tourists on comfortable ships along the waterways of the republic. Taking into account the geographical location of the navigable rivers of Belarus, the development of this type of tourism is envisaged on the Dnieper-Bug Canal and the Pripyat River from Brest to Mozyr, as well as on the Berezina, Dnieper, Sozh Rivers from Borisov to Gomel.
Organization and implementation of water routes on sports boats of the "kayak" type, small-sized rowing boats along the Berezinsky water system, Augustovsky, Oginsky, Dnieper-Bugsky canals.
Creation of rental points with a fleet (boats for pleasure, hiking, kayaks, kayaks, water bicycles), group and personal tourist equipment, necessary equipment for outdoor activities. The program provides for the construction of passenger ships and floating facilities of the appropriate class and level of comfort, the creation of coastal and floating infrastructure at the anchor points of the routes.
4. Sports tourism
The growing popularity of a healthy lifestyle, sports traditions, the availability of the existing infrastructure have predetermined two main directions in the development of sports tourism:
organization of sports trips and other tourist and sporting events in which tourists are participants;
Visiting major sports competitions where tourists are spectators.
The development of these areas of sports tourism is planned to be carried out both for residents of the republic and for foreign tourists.
The development of active forms of tourism associated with significant physical exertion is focused on young people and physically healthy middle-aged people. To organize tourist trips of various categories of complexity, special tourist routes have been developed, adopted and recommended to various regions of Belarus with favorable natural resources - to Poozerye, Ponemanye, Dnieper, Polesie, Central Belarus.
5. Recreational and health tourism
The basis for the development of recreational and health tourism is the efficient and rational use of natural resources and the existing tourism infrastructure. In this regard, it is envisaged:
· wider use for tourism purposes of the existing sanatorium-resort base of the republic;
· Renovation of existing and creation of new infrastructure in sanatorium and health resorts with the expansion of the range of offered tourist services;
· Creation of summer tourist camps, campsites, equipped parking lots for recreation;
· expanding the geography of sanatorium-and-spa institutions offered to foreign tourists;
rational use of natural resources with medicinal properties, such as mineral waters, peat mud, sapropels, types of peat, etc.
6. Business tourism
The growth of business activity, the expansion of international contacts is a serious prerequisite for the development of business tourism. The focus will be on:
· development of tourist and excursion services for participants of international congresses, conferences, symposiums;
organization of international trade exhibitions, fairs;
· creation of conditions for the provision of tourist and excursion services during international reviews of scientific and technological achievements on the basis of large scientific centers and industrial organizations.
7. Religious tourism
Religious tourism is associated with visiting religious shrines and spiritual development. Two directions of its development are defined:
· worship of the main religious shrines outside the Republic of Belarus (for Orthodox and Jews - the Holy Land, for Catholics - the Holy Sepulcher and Rome, for Muslims - Mecca and Medina);
· visits to religious shrines on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, both by residents of the country and foreigners.
Religious tourism is planned to be developed with the coordination of the activities of tourist organizations, religious denominations and local authorities.
Agrotourism in the system national economy and development prospects
In November 2002, domestic enthusiasts registered the public organization "Agro-and Ecotourism". On June 2, 2006, Presidential Decree No. 372 "On measures for the development of rural tourism in the Republic of Belarus" was signed...
Cycling tourism
Cycling tourism
Cycling tourism
Cycling tourism has a positive effect on the overall physical development of the inhabitants of Belarus. According to statistics, boys and girls who systematically go in for cycling in Belarus...
Cycling tourism
There are many fans of cycling in Belarus and many are engaged in cycling tourism. A tourist cyclist sometimes has to drive not only on a smooth paved highway, but also in off-road conditions ...
Influence of political factors on tourism development
Currently, tourism legislation is largely consistent with the norms and principles of international law. Since 1999, the Law "On Tourism" has been in force in the Republic. It was amended in 2007 and 2010...
Tourism enterprise documentation
In order to promote the development of tourism in the Republic of Belarus, by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated 24.08...
Organizational and legal aspect of adaptive sports in the Republic of Belarus
Most people associate sports with entertainment, physical perfection, crowds of fans, huge amounts of rewards. However, there is a sport devoid of such catchy attributes and widespread interest in it ...
Tourism industry in Italy
The development of tourism in any country, region depends on a whole range of factors, conditions and resources. The clear winners are those countries that have the sea and mountains. Despite the fact that Belarus does not have these significant tourism resources, it has a number of advantages compared to other countries. Among them: proximity to Western Europe, Scandinavia - a tourist market with a very high financial potential; proximity to the Baltic countries, Russia, Poland is a serious resource for the development of cross-border tourism; ancient and rich history, original culture; rich natural potential.
In the Republic of Belarus in last years there have been significant changes in the field of tourism infrastructure: the number of new comfortable hotel complexes has increased; work is underway to reconstruct and update the existing hotel stock in order to increase its comfort and bring it to world standards.
Among the main trends in the development of domestic tourism can be noted:
- 1 formation of tourist zones on the territory of the republic, interconnected with a system of recreation areas and resorts of local and republican significance, a network of urban and rural settlements;
- 2 increase in the number of tourist centers in the republic;
- 3 development of educational tourism in the republic on the tourist and excursion potential of tourist centers and cultural and historical sites;
- 4 development of sports and health tourism in the existing recreational system of the republic;
- 5 development of amateur tourism;
- 6 further expansion of the material and technical base of tourism.
One of the priority tasks of the concept of the State program for the development of tourism in the country for 2016-2020 is investment in tourism industry, including during the construction of roadside service facilities, collective and individual accommodation facilities, parking lots for campers.
It is planned to develop such types of tourism as cultural, educational, ecological, hunting, business (MICE-tourism), caravanning (travel with accommodation in motorhomes) and automobile tourism, recreational and health-improving (SPA tourism). In addition, attention will be paid to the medical, sports direction (including fan tourism), as well as religious, cross-border and agroecotourism.
It is planned that by 2020 tourist arrivals (business, tourism, private trips) will increase to 5.1 million people. And income from the export of tourism services will increase by 1.6 times and reach the volume of 460.0 million dollars.
An increase in the one-time capacity of hotels and similar accommodation facilities is also expected - 1.2 times (up to 38.0 thousand places). The total revenue from the provision of tourism services to tourism entities will increase by 3 times and amount to 12,000 billion rubles.
"A set of measures is envisaged to promote and develop the image of the Republic of Belarus as an attractive tourist region, which will make inbound and domestic tourism a profitable component of the country's economy," the creators of the concept say.
Among other things, it is planned to develop social tourism, that is, to meet the needs for tourism services of certain categories of the population - the elderly, children and adolescents, people with disabilities.
The marketing policy, as before, will be based on the "themes of the year" and is designed for tourists from Western Europe and the BRIC countries. Another direction is the development of air communication with Belarus, attraction of new budget air carriers and modernization of existing airports.
A necessary condition for increasing the export of tourism services will be quality control in tourism in accordance with international standards for the level of tourism infrastructure and services.
Work will continue on the introduction of the TAX Free system in trade facilities. Also among the tasks in the field of tourism for 2016-2010 are quality control in tourism in accordance with international standards, participation in international tourism fairs and the opening of information centers in the regions of the country.
As for the improvement of the regulatory framework in 2016-2020, special attention will be paid to the development of documents aimed at developing inbound and domestic tourism, attracting investments, and stimulating the development of agroecotourism.
It is planned to harmonize the legislation in the field of tourism in the Common Economic Space of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as in accordance with the recommendations of the UNWTO. The improvement of the legislation of the CIS countries will continue.
It is also proposed to improve the methodology for collecting statistical information through the introduction of an auxiliary (satellite) account in tourism. This will provide reliable data on the total contribution of tourism to the domestic economy (its share in GDP, employment, investment, budget revenues) and will serve as a weighty argument for attracting public and private investment in this area. It is planned that by 2020 tourist arrivals (business, tourism, private trips) will increase to 5.1 million people, income from the export of tourism services of tourism entities will increase 1.6 times and reach $460 million. The one-time capacity of hotels and similar accommodation facilities by 2020 should increase by 1.2 times to 38 thousand places, the revenue received from accommodation should increase by 1.5 times and amount to 2.2 trillion. white R. It is assumed that the revenue from the provision of tourism services to the subjects of tourism activities will increase 3 times and amount to 12 trillion. white R.
It is difficult to provide data on the number of domestic tourists, so the most accurate data are on the volume paid services provided to the population in the field of culture, tourism and recreation. On the one hand, these data demonstrate a steady increase in sales of travel and related services. In 2009-2014, their volume in absolute terms in Belarusian rubles increased by 3.8 times. However, over the same period, the Belarusian ruble depreciated almost 4.8 times against the US dollar, which seriously reduces the interest of Belarusian entrepreneurs in providing tourism services for Belarusian tourists and travelers within the country.
The problem is the small share of the actual "tourist services" (tourist and excursion services, hotels and similar accommodation facilities, health resorts) in the total volume of paid services to the population in the field of culture, tourism and recreation. In 2009, this indicator amounted to only 6% of the total volume of paid services to the population in the field of culture, tourism and recreation. In 2014 - about 8% of the total volume of paid services to the population in the field of culture, tourism and recreation. Taking into account the difficult economic situation of the Republic in recent years, the growth in the share of "domestic tourism services" in the total volume of services in the field of culture, tourism and recreation, as well as the increase in the number of trips of citizens of the Republic of Belarus abroad show the growing importance of tourism needs for modern Belarusians. This opens up good prospects for the development of domestic tourism.
Domestic tourism needs foreign investment, but for this it is necessary to develop clear rules of the game in the tourism market for all participants. It is possible to attract foreign investors with more favorable business conditions than in neighboring countries. First of all, the government plans to make land plots for construction more accessible, as well as to prepare a package of investment projects.
The country has adopted an Investment Code, the provisions of which are aimed at stimulating investment activity, its state support, as well as protection of the rights of foreign investors in the territory of the republic.
Belarus has established an Advisory Council for foreign investment, whose work is focused on improving the investment climate. A national agency for innovation and investment is also being created. There are six free economic zones with preferential operating conditions.
Great attention is paid to the formation of a competitive and rationally functioning banking sector that enjoys the confidence of the population and meets the needs of the real sector of the economy. It should be noted that the government has intensified its efforts to provide foreign banks opportunities to expand the scale of their activities in Belarus (today there are 9 banks with 100% foreign capital in the Republic of Belarus).
Priority zones for tourism development at the national level are Brest-Kamenetsk, Baranovichi-Slonim, Grodno, Novogrudok-Nesvizh, Minsk-Molodechno, Narochansko-Postavskaya, Polotsk-Ushachsko-Lepelskaya, Vitebsk-Orshanskaya, Bobruisk-Mogilev and Turov-Mozyr tourist and recreational zones. Favorable prerequisites for their development is that almost all of them are located in the area of influence or at the intersection of existing and prospective trans-European communication corridors and are concentrated around the main centers of tourism infrastructure. Tourism development trends in the Republic of Belarus are clearly demonstrated by tourism statistics. According to the WTO recommendations, tourism statistics are carried out in two major sections: statistics of tourist flows and statistics of tourist income.
An analysis of the main trends in the conjuncture of foreign markets and their influence on the determination of industry priorities can be traced through the structure of the tourist flow to the Republic of Belarus. The table shows the main export markets for tourism services. However, it should be taken into account that these data include only organized tourists, and do not include persons visiting Belarus for personal and business purposes. In other words, these data do not fully reflect the structure of markets upon entry into Belarus. For a more complete picture, information is needed about crossing the state border, as well as the purpose of travel.
In addition to national parks and the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve, the system of specially protected natural areas of Belarus includes 85 reserves of republican significance and 348 local ones, 305 natural monuments of state and 542 regional levels. All national parks offer tourists walks along ecological trails. Once you walk along such a path, laid through the territory of the Blue Lakes natural complex, breathe in the smell of forest and pine needles, admire the lakes of the Bolduk group and climb the observation tower near the tiny lake Glubelka - and Belarusian nature will forever captivate you with its beauty.
Thanks to the curative climatic and phytotherapeutic factors, deposits of mineral waters and therapeutic mud, Belarus attracts fans of medical and health tourism. People come here to relax, gain strength and improve their health in sanatoriums. There is a well-developed sanatorium base in Belarus. Belarusian sanatoriums specialize in the treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, digestive organs, nervous system, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, respiratory organs, female genital organs and genitourinary system, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, musculoskeletal system, skin and organs of vision.
Belarusian sanatoriums are equipped with the latest diagnostic and treatment equipment. In total, there are about 30 hospitals of various profiles in the country.
The geographical position of Belarus - in the very center of Europe, at the crossroads of trade and military routes - has repeatedly turned the country into an arena of hostilities. The battles of the Northern War raged here, during which many Belarusian castles were damaged and the legendary St. Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk was blown up. For more than two and a half years, the front of the First World War passed through the territory of present-day Belarus - through the Myadelshchyna, Vileyshchyna and Smorgonshchyna. In these places, Russian and German cemeteries of the First World War have been preserved. Numerous material evidence of the war has been preserved in the form of concrete and earthen fortifications, dilapidated stone bridges across rivers and narrow gauge railways that were built by German military engineers to advance deep into the Russian Empire. In memory of those who died in the last World War II, majestic memorials were created in the Brest Fortress, on the site of the burned village of Khatyn, on the Buinichsky field near Mogilev. Excursion routes laid through the places of dramatic military events will be of interest to adherents of military history tourism. The only memorial dedicated to the First World War operates in the village of Zabrodye near Naroch. For many years, the artist Boris Tsitovich was engaged in its creation. In Zabrodye, a wooden Orthodox Borisoglebskaya chapel-monument was built in honor of those who fell in battle during the First and Second World Wars. In the forest near the village there is a monument to the soldiers of the First World War. Every year on May 9, a commemoration of the soldiers of both world wars takes place in Zabrodye.
The churches of Belarus are of particular interest to lovers of history and architecture: in a country that has long been a European “crossroads”, you can see Catholic churches, Orthodox churches, synagogues, Tatar mosques, and wooden churches of the Old Believers. This opens up rich opportunities for religious tourism. Thousands of pilgrims every year visit the largest Orthodox monastery in Belarus - the Holy Dormition Zhirovitskaya Monastery, where the miraculous image of the Mother of God of Zhirovitskaya is kept. Memorial Day of the Icon of the Mother of God of Yurovichskaya is celebrated on September 13. Every year on this day, in honor of the miraculous image, a religious procession is held from Mozyr to Yurovichi. Every year in early July, thousands of pilgrims go to the modest village of Budslav, where the miraculous icon of the Mother of God of Budslav is kept in a magnificent baroque church.
There are travelers who visit the country not to get acquainted with its monuments or nature, but to find, meet business partners, visit a specialized exhibition or hold a seminar. All conditions have been created for business tourism in Belarus. In hotels that are interested in attracting business tourists, guests will be offered not only accommodation, but also additional services: obligatory Internet in the room, a restaurant, a swimming pool, a guarded parking lot, ordering air and railway tickets, currency exchange, etc. The geographical position of Belarus is a trump card for the development of business tourism: after all, it is very convenient to hold international exhibitions, business symposiums, conferences and business meetings in the center of Europe. In search of an ideal venue for business symposiums, their organizers are increasingly turning their attention to the new building of the National Library of Belarus. There are 20 reading rooms on the 25 floors of the building, and the library holds about 14 million printed publications, including about 70 thousand early printed books and manuscripts. There are art and photo galleries, a unique book museum, an Internet center, an international press center, and a conference hall for 450 people.
And when business issues are resolved, you can arrange a corporate trip to nature or a rural estate to chat in an informal setting.
In recent years, Belarus has been actively developing such a direction as nostalgic tourism. Most often, trips in a nostalgic style are undertaken by residents of the CIS countries, as well as Poland and Israel. Meeting with the motherland always turns out to be extremely exciting... And those who are connected with Belarus only by the origin of their parents want to see the homeland of their ancestors, find the graves of their relatives, and if they are lucky, meet people who remember them.
Many Belarusian rural estates are venues that attract lovers of event tourism. The festival of rural tourism "Zaborsky Fest" and the festival of the Belarusian horse are held in the Rossony district. The estate "On Zarechnaya Street" (Kobrin district, Brest region) is the center of the traditional culinary competition "Polesye delicacies", in the village of Komarovo (Myadel district, Minsk region) an exhibition-fair of national crafts "Komarovo - a circle of days" is held. The estate "Sandy Coast" (Bykhov district, Mogilev region) at the end of summer invites all fishing enthusiasts and fans of the author's song to the "Big Bard Fishing".
In early May, Turov hosts the traditional Sandpiper Festival, which attracts nature lovers from all over Belarus. The festival takes place next to the unique Turov Meadow, one of the most important nesting and stopping places during the migrations of many species of water birds. It is here that the largest stable settlement in Belarus of the sandpiper listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus is located.
Leisure
For outdoor enthusiasts, Belarus is a real find. Forests, parks, a huge number of lakes and rivers will make an interesting and memorable journey through the Belarusian land from a simple vacation.
Hiking
For hiking, Belarusian cities are expanses. In addition to the pedestrian streets, each region has its own interesting walking routes to local attractions.
In the Vitebsk region, a tourist can take a walk in the "Land of yellow water lilies and gray boulders." If you want to see natural monuments, ancient settlements, burial mounds, by all means go hiking in Lepel land.
In the Mogilev region, there are routes to places associated with the Great Patriotic War.
In the Minsk region, tourists can visit places where battles were fought during the Patriotic War of 1812.
In the Gomel region, walking along the ecological paths of the Pripyat Park is possible.
Guests of the Grodno region are invited to walk along the "royal road" from castle to castle, for which the Grodno land is famous.
The Brest region is rich in historical monuments. The most famous is the Brest Fortress. Stories about the fortress itself and the courage of the soldiers who fought, as well as the magnificence of the local nature, will not leave you indifferent.
You can get acquainted with untouched forests and take part in a photo safari by going on a walking tour along the paths of the Belovezhskaya Pushcha park.
Cycling tourism
Cycling has become a favorite pastime of modern people. The hobby has changed the face of city roads. Now in every Belarusian regional center, in addition to roads for cars and pedestrians, there are many bike paths.
There is a central route for cyclists in every city. Following its direction, the traveler can get acquainted with the parks, water channels and architecture of the city.
The most popular urban route in Minsk has become the central bike path with a length of 27 km.
A bike ride can become a real expedition if you go along the routes of the National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha". There are four cycling routes on the territory of the Pushcha. They, in turn, are equipped with signs and information boards. If you are tired on the way, you can take a breath in special places to relax. The routes are arranged according to the level of training: from beginners to experienced cyclists. A trip along the cycle paths of the forest is available to everyone: you can ride both on your own bike and on a bike rented in the national park.
Water tourism
Let's start with simple arithmetic: there are more than twenty thousand rivers and over eleven thousand lakes in Belarus, in total: more than thirty thousand routes for water expeditions.
You can start a water cruise with a boat trip, this is not only a vacation, but also an excursion to local attractions.
A hike along the rivers of Belarus can take from several days to a week, during which time you will have views of the generous Belarusian nature, which will allow you to feel like one with it.
The organization of water leisure must be taken seriously. Those wishing to go hiking along the rivers of Belarus should join a team that includes water tourism professionals.
The famous Braslav lakes are located on the territory of the Minsk region. Kayaking or boating on local lakes and bays will introduce the traveler to the “blue necklace” of Belarus.
The Augustow Canal is the pearl of the Grodno region. For several years now, kayakers from Lithuania, Poland and Belarus have been rafting on the Augustow Canal. Tourists note that this place is attractive for its historical values: bridges of the 19th century, inscriptions on the walls of the First World War.
The Oginsky Canal is a route along an old waterway, built back in the 18th century at the expense of the figure of the Commonwealth, Mikhail Kazimir Oginsky. A walk along this route will show you all the beauty of the Belarusian Polissya.
Equestrian tourism
Equestrian tourism in Belarus is represented by equestrian clubs, riding centers, where it is possible not only to ride around the arena, but also to participate in a horse trip from one to several days.
The Golden Horseshoe route in Glubokoe is very popular. Following this route, you can see the former residence of Count Mole, visit rural estates and taste dishes of the national Belarusian cuisine.
To take a horse ride, it is not necessary to go to Glubokoe. You can contact one of the equestrian clubs closest to your location.
Ski tourism
In summer, Belarusian slopes, hills and ravines are covered with bright greenery, and in winter they become a place for ski holidays. The temperate climate, the absence of the possibility of avalanches - conditions that are well suited for pleasant leisure.
In Belarus, winter tourism is concentrated in ski centers and active recreation parks, which are located in Minsk, Gomel and Vitebsk regions.
The famous place for skiing is the Silichi complex. On the territory of the complex there are ski slopes for beginners and professionals, adults and children, tracks for tubing or snowmobile. After a busy day, a tired tourist can relax in a hotel room.
The Yakut Mountains active recreation park is located 37 km from Minsk near the highest point in Belarus - Mount Dzerzhinskaya (345 m). In the winter season, the park offers: skiing, quad biking or snowmobiling.
The ski center "Solnechnaya Dolina" is famous for its location. "Solnechnaya Dolina" is located on the banks of the Zaslavsky reservoir or, as the locals call it, the Minsk Sea. In winter, the “sea” becomes a place for skating, downhill and cross-country skiing, and if you like extreme recreation, then you should look into the snow park where you can ride a snowboard.
Introduction p. 3
1. Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus
as an object of tourism C. 5
1.1. Tourist objects.
Zoning C. 5
1.2. Assessment of the current state
tourism and tourism infrastructure
in the Republic of Belarus S. 13
2. Tourism development trends
in the Republic of Belarus S. 19
2.1. Regulations,
defining trends
development of tourism in Belarus S. 19
2.2. The main directions of tourism development S. 20
2.3. Regional tourism policy S. 22
2.4. Estimated economic
and social effect from the implementation
National Tourism Development Program
in the Republic of Belarus 2006 - 2010 S. 25
Conclusion p. 29
List of sources p. 31
Introduction
The theme of the work is the development trends of the market of tourist services in the Republic of Belarus. Being one of the largest dynamically developing sectors of the world economy, tourism is currently trying to take its rightful place in the economy of our state. Therefore, the relevance of the topic is obvious: is there resource potential the Republic of Belarus as a tourist attraction? What is the infrastructure of Belarusian tourism? What are his main stats? Does tourism in the Republic of Belarus have a future? In what ways, in what directions will it develop in our state? - responses to thesequestions were the main task in writing this work.
The structure of the work is an introduction, the main part (two sections, 6 chapters), a conclusion, a list of sources used.
In the introduction, a description of the work is given, the main terms used in writing are given.
Chapter 1 of section 1 of the general part characterizes the Republic of Belarus as a tourist site.
Chapter 2 of section 1 presents the main statistical indicators of tourism in the Republic of Belarus, in particular, the dynamics of tourist flows in the Republic of Belarus; countries whose citizens are leading in terms of the number of arrivals in Belarus; balance of payments of the Republic of Belarus under the item "business and personal trips". For each of the statistical indicators, preliminary conclusions are formulated.
Chapter 1 of section 2 of the general part characterizes the trends in the development of tourism in Belarus, laid down by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR No. 388 of December 14, 1983 "On a promising scheme for the development of tourism in the Byelorussian SSR" - this document has long been a determining factor for the development of tourism in the country .
Chapters 2 and 3 of the second section characterize the directions of tourism development in accordance with the National Program for the Development of Tourism in the Republic of Belarus 2006-2010. , respectively, by types of tourism and by regions of Belarus.
Chapter 4 of section 2 contains an analysis of the situation that will develop in tourism in particular and in the economy of Belarus as a whole in the event of the implementation of the Program.
In conclusion, conclusions are presented.
The following terms and definitions given in Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On Tourism" were used in the work:
tourism - temporary departure (travel) of citizens of the Republic of Belarus, foreign citizens and stateless persons (hereinafter referred to as citizens) for recreational, educational, professional, business, sports, religious and other purposes that do not contradict the law, to the country (place) of temporary stay without engaging in paid activities in it (it);
domestic tourism - travel within the Republic of Belarus of citizens residing on its territory;
inbound tourism - travel within the Republic of Belarus of citizens not residing on its territory;
outbound tourism - travel outside the Republic of Belarus of citizens residing on its territory;
tourism activities - tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as the activities of public tourism associations, youth tourism institutions, educational institutions and travel arrangements;
tourist resources - natural, historical, socio-cultural objects that satisfy the spiritual needs of tourists and contribute to the restoration and strengthening of their health;
tourism industry - a set of hotels and other facilities, facilities for the accommodation of tourists, Vehicle, objects of public catering, objects and means of entertainment, objects of cognitive, health-improving, business, sports and other purposes, organizations engaged in tourism activities;
tourist market - the sphere of circulation of the tourist product;
tour operator - subject entrepreneurial activity which, on the basis of a license, develops and promotes a tourist product designed for mass and individual consumer demand, as well as its sale to travel agents and tourists;
travel agent - a business entity that, on the basis of a license, promotes and sells a tourist product and related tourist services.
At the end of the work is a list of sources used.
1. Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus as an object of tourism
1.1. Tourist objects. Zoning
Republic of Belarus - a young state with a rich ancient history, located in the center of the European continent at the intersection of busy transit routes (Western Europe-Russia and the Baltic-Black Sea region). The size of the territory of Belarus (207,6 thousand km.) and the number of population (slightly less 10 million people) are characterized by average rates among European countries. The advantages of the country's advantageous geographical position have been used for thousands of years- back in X I -X II centuries one of the most important trade routes of the Middle Ages "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed along the Dnieper, the Western Dvina and their tributaries. The borders of Belarus (with Poland in the west, Lithuania and Latvia in the northwest and north, with Russia in the east and Ukraine in the south), taking into account the central, transit location of the republic, should perform not barrier, but contact functions, including in the development of tourism . Good - neighborly relations with neighboring states and common historical development serve as prerequisites for tourist exchange .
The nature of Belarus has calm features, does not impress with the tropical richness of colors, sea and mountain landscapes, but stands out among the countries of Europe with a relatively high degree of preservation of natural landscapes. Separate natural objects (Belovezhskaya Pushcha - Europe's largest array of ancient forests, Europe's most extensive bog complexes of Polesye, etc.) are of international importance. Belovezhskaya Pushcha is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
The surface of the territory of Belarus is an alternation of plains, hilly glacial hills (about 30 %) and lowlands. The height of the terrain varies from 80 m (Neman valley) up to 345 m (Mount Dzerzhinskaya, the former Holy Mountain), averaging about 160 m. The modern character of the surface of Belarus was formed under the influence of ancient glaciers and their melt waters. The glacial uplands of the Poozerie and the Belarusian ridge make the relief more diverse, and individual tourist centers and objects - more attractive. Belarus owes to the invasions of the glacier the wide distribution of boulders, which are an important element of natural landscapes, a cult object of national mythology (“Borisov boulders”, “devil's stones”, “tailor stones”, etc.). Over 2 thousand boulders of particular interest in natural and cultural-historical terms, collected in the open-air museum in Minsk.
The resort and recreational resources of Belarus include a complex of therapeutic climatic and phytotherapeutic factors, deposits of mineral waters and therapeutic mud. Belarus has significant reserves of mineral waters of various composition and healing properties, distributed almost throughout the entire territory of the country. Sapropel and peat muds are also used in spa treatment.
The temperate continental climate of Belarus, formed under the cyclonic influence of the Atlantic, is characterized by rainy cool summers, mild winters with frequent thaws, and unstable weather in autumn and spring. Favorable summer period with average daily temperature above +15 ˚С increases in the direction from the northeast to the southwest with 70-89 days in Lakeland to 90-95 days in the central part of the country and 96-114 days in Polissya. The average daily water temperature in summer in all reservoirs exceeds +17 °С, and in July it is +19-22 °C, which contributes to the development of bathing and beach recreation. Comfortable period for winter holidays with temperatures from-5 °C to -15° C increases from 30 days in the southwest to 60 days in the northeast, and the period of stable occurrence of snow cover increases in the same direction from 60 to 130 days. The organization of ski tourism is complicated by frequent thaws.
The territory of the country has a developed hydrographic network. total length 20,8 thousand rivers is 90,6 thousand km. Small rivers with a length of no more than a few kilometers predominate, unsuitable for organizing mass tourism, but having their own quiet, calm charm for lovers of relaxation in the bosom of nature. Among the major waterways are the Dnieper, Berezina, Prinyat, Sozh, Neman, Zapadnaya Dvina, Viliya, on the banks of which resorts and mass recreation areas are being formed. The calm nature of the current does not allow the development of complex water tourist routes, however, on the other hand, it makes exciting trips along the rivers of Belarus widely accessible for vacationers. Monuments of hydrotechnical construction XVIII-XIX centuries are the old canals (Avgustovsky, Dnieper-Bugsky, Oginsky, Berezinsky water system). The experience of using old canals in neighboring Poland indicates that these structures can be restored and transformed into popular tourist sites.
Belarus is often called "blue-eyed" for a large number of lakes. In total, the country has over 10 thousand lakes with a total area 2258 sq. km. In some administrative regions (Braslavsky, Ushachsky) lakes occupy 8-10 % territory. Lake groups have a special tourist attraction. - Braslavskaya, Narochanskaya, Ushachskaya, Lepelskaya, Blue Lakes, etc. Small water bodies predominate (75 % lakes do not exceed 0,1 km.). The largest lakes of the country are Naroch(79,6 km.), Osveyskoye, Chervonoye, Lukomskoye, Drivyaty, Vygonoshchanskoye, Nescherdo, Svir, Snudy. Vitebsk region concentrates about 90 % lakes suitable for recreational use. Central Belarus is poor in lakes, and water recreation is organized here on the basis of rivers and reservoirs (Vileika, Zaslavskoe, etc.) In the south of the country, in Polesie, there are many small shallow oxbow lakes (about 6 thousand) with low swampy shores, overgrown surface, low water quality. The lake and swamp complexes of Polesye can be used for organizing ecological and fishing and hunting tourism, while mass bathing and beach recreation gravitates towards the river systems of the Pripyat and the Dnieper. Bog massifs occupy about 12 % territory of Belarus and are places of hunting and gathering berries, as well as objects of ecological tourism unique for the European continent (Berezinsky biosphere reserve, reserves "Medium Accept", "Olmansky swamps", etc.).
The wealth of Belarus is its forests, covering about 36 % territory of the country. For each inhabitant of the republic there are more than 0,8 ha of forest, which is twice the European average. The structure of forests is dominated by conifers, from small-leaved common birch, aspen, alder, broad-leaved - oakand rob. In general, the forests of Belarus are relatively young (the average age is about 40 years), however, in the western part of the country, unique massifs of ancient forests (Belovezhskaya, Nalibokskaya, Grodno, Ruzhanskaya forests) have been preserved.
The fauna of Belarus has 457 vertebrate species, including 73 species of mammals, about 290 bird species, 58 fish species, 19 species of reptiles and amphibians. The pride and symbol of the country is the Bialowieza bison - the largest animal in Europe, the population of which in the republic is several hundred individuals.
The richness of flora and fauna, the preservation of the natural landscapes of Belarus are prerequisites for the development of ecological tourism. International hunting tourism also has significant prospects. Hunting and fishing include 22 species of mammals (elk, wild boar, roe deer, deer, wolf, fox, hare, squirrel, beaver, etc.), 31 species of birds (grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, mallard, teal, etc.). There are over 200 hunting farms, however, taking into account the level of infrastructure, only about 20 farms (Lyaskovichi, Badgers, Telekhany, Braslavskoye, Teterinskoye, Krasnoselskoye, etc.) can accept foreign hunters.
In order to preserve biological and landscape diversity, a network of specially protected natural areas is being formed in Belarus - resource basis for the development of ecological tourism, which determines its territorial organization. The State Natural Reserve Fund has 1.580 million ha (7.6% territory of the country) and includes the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve and national parks (Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Pripyatsky, Braslav Lakes, Narochansky), 94 reserves and 333 natural monument of republican significance, 458 reserves and several hundred natural monuments of local importance. In the coming years, it is planned to create a number of national parks: Logoisky (Belaya Rus), Surazhsky, Svislochsko-Berezinsky, Naliboksky.
The use of tourism potential is significantly complicated due to radioactive contamination 1/5 territory of the republic. Of the total area allocated for recreational and tourist development of land(1.68 million ha, or 8.1% territory of the country) 0,73 million hectares are radioactively contaminated, including in the Gomel region -100% areas of recreation areas, in Mogilevskaya-73%, in Minsk - 40%.
The Polessky Radiation and Ecological Reserve, created in the extreme southeast of Belarus in the zone of mandatory resettlement in order to monitor the development of natural complexes in conditions of high radiation, can become a unique tourist site.
Due to its geopolitical position, the territory of Belarus often became the scene of hostilities, which predetermined the relatively low degree of preservation of historical and architectural monuments. Nevertheless, the republic has a rich historical and cultural potential, formed over a thousand-year history of the formation of the Belarusian statehood. On the territory of Belarus, more than 17,5 thousand monuments of history and culture, of which more than 2,5 thousand objects are of national importance.
Among the architectural monuments, it should be noted the masterpieces of the ancient schools of architecture X I-X II centuries (St. Sophia Cathedral and the Transfiguration Church in Polotsk, Borisoglebskaya (Kolozhskaya) Church in Grodno, Church of the Annunciation in Vitebsk), medieval monuments of military defense architecture (Kamenetskaya donjon tower XIII century, the ruins of castles in Novogrudok, Grodno, Lida (restored), Krevo, Golshany, palace and castle complexes in Mir and Nesvizh), unique defense-type churches in Synkovichi (Zelveisky district), Murovanka (Schuchinsky district), Komaiakh (Postavsky. district), a rich baroque heritage (Grodno, Pinsk, Nesvizh, Slonim, Minsk, etc.), monuments of the classicism era (a palace and park ensemble in Gomel, the ruins of palaces in Kossovo and Ruzhany), etc.
Of great interest to tourists are memorable places associated with the life and work of famous people. Ancient Polotsk is the birthplace of prominent educators Francysk Skaryna, Simeon of Polotsk and Euphrosyne of Polotsk. Museums, monuments and memorial signs keep the memory of national cultural figures, including Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas, Maxim Bogdanovich, Francis Bogushevich, Ignat Buinitsky, Yazep Drozdovich, Napoleon Orda, Valenty Vankovich and many others. The Belarusian land gave the world a bright galaxy of outstanding figures of culture, science, art, politics: Adam Mickiewicz, Vladislav Syrokomlya, Mikhail Kleofas Oginsky, Stanislav Moniuszko, Ignat Domeiko, Otto Schmidt, Marc Chagall, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Boris Kit, Pavel Sukhoi, Chaim Weintsman, Shimon Peres, Menachem Begin, Golda Meir and others.
One of the most important elements of the national historical and cultural heritage is the preserved (mainly in rural areas) potential of a rich and original traditional material and spiritual culture. The republic has about 100 centers of folk crafts and crafts, dozens of local areas of traditional weaving and embroidery, pottery, etc.
A prerequisite for the development of inbound ethnic tourism is the presence of the Belarusian diaspora (total 3,0-3,5 million people) in various countries of the world: Russia- 1.2 million, USA - 0.5-1.0 million, Ukraine - 440 thousand, Poland - 320 thousand, Commonwealth of Australia- 320 thousand, Israel - 120-140 thousand, Latvia - 95 thousand, Lithuania - 55 thousand, etc.
Trans-European transport corridors pass through the country № 2 (Paris - Berlin - Warsaw - Brest - Minsk - Orsha - Moscow) and № 9 (Helsinki - St. Petersburg - Vitebsk - Mogilev - Gomel - Kiev - Odessa), which are associated with significant transit flows with a significant potential volume of demand for accommodation services, meals, short-term programs of tourist and excursion services.
Only down the hallway № 2 the territory of Belarus is annually crossed by about 10 million people, including 5,5 million in vehicles and 4,5 million by rail, which indicates a significant potential for transit tourism- up to 1.5-2.5 million people annually.
The natural complexes and historical and cultural heritage of Belarus make it possible to develop a diversified competitive national tourism product, including various types of tours for foreign visitors: ecological, ethnic, hunting, rural, short-term service programs for transit visitors, specialized programs (for lovers of ballet, some sports, visiting radiation-ecological reserve, etc.). However, the possibility of attracting foreign visitors is complicated due to the lack of a favorable tourist image of the country, advertising and information support for tourism activities, underdevelopment of tourism infrastructure and specialized service programs.
Based on regional differences in the recreational and resource potential, tourist specialization and the level of development of recreational functions, four main recreational and tourist regions of Belarus are distinguished: Northern (Vitebsk region), Central (Minsk region and Oshmyansky, Ostrovetsky, Smorgon districts of the Grodno region), Western (Brest and the main part of the Grodno region) and Eastern (Gomel and Mogilev regions).
The central region has the most developed tourist infrastructure and concentrates over 2/5 capacity of resort and recreational facilities and about 1/3 reserved recreational areas. The specialization of the area is determined by the organization of health-improving and tourist, resort and medical (resorts Naroch and Zhdanovichi) and excursion services. Health functions are largely related to meeting the recreational needs of the Minsk agglomeration, concentrating 1/6 the population of the country. The recreational flow to the 100-kilometer suburban area of the capital exceeds 520 thousand people, while 1/3 The flow is concentrated in a 30-kilometer forest park zone. The high demand for suburban recreation stimulated the creation of a network of recreational reservoirs (Zaslavskoye, Krinitsa, Vyacha, Ptich, etc.).
The Naroch resort and recreation zone, which is formed on the basis of the picturesque lake-forest landscapes of the Naroch group of lakes and the climatic and balneological medical resources of the region, is the largest in the republic. The total capacity of the recreation base is about 6.6 thousand places (over 56% - all year round). Taking into account unorganized tourist flows, the total one-time number of vacationers in the summer period reaches 10 thousand people. The average annual volume of the recreational flow in the late 1990s. reached 80-90 thousand people, 2/3 of which were residents of the Minsk region. V 1999 The national park "Narochansky" was created, the main tasks of which - protection of the natural environment (degradation of aquatic vegetation and coastal forests, a decrease in water transparency, etc.) and the organization of ecological tourism are noted.
The capital and largest city of the Republic of Minsk has the most developed tourist infrastructure (international airport, over 1/4 the total capacity of the country's hotel stock, the most developed network of restaurants and cafes, sports, cultural and entertainment facilities) and is the main center of international tourism in Belarus both in the field of receiving foreign visitors and in terms of generating demand for foreign tours. In addition to the sights of Minsk (preserved architectural monuments, modern buildings, museums), sightseers are attracted by medieval monuments of national historical and cultural reserves in Nesvizh (the residence of the Radziwill family, the palace and castle complex, parks, the Church of the Body of God XVI v. with the family tomb of the Radziwills - the first baroque temple in the territory of the Commonwealth, the town hall, etc.) and Zaslavl (monuments of archeology and architecture, the ethnographic complex "Mlyn"), the Kupalovsky memorial reserve (the village of Vyazynka, Molodechno district) and the Kolasovsky reserve (Stolbtsovsky district), a memorial complex "Khatyn". One of the most attractive non-traditional tourist sites in Belarus is the private museum of material culture "Dudutki". The festive excursion and entertainment program “to the homeland of the Belarusian Father Frost” in Nalibokskaya Pushcha is gaining popularity.
Rich natural, recreational and educational potential, picturesque hilly lake-forest landscapes make the Northern region very promising for tourist development. The role of tourist resources of the Belarusian Poozerie especially increases due to the loss of radiation-contaminated recreational areas in the southeast of the country. The specialization of the region is connected with the development of sports and health tourism. Braslav recreational and tourist zone is formed on the basis of the lake group(31 reservoir) and is a popular place for sports tourism and recreation. There are many beautiful places in the region, but the most picturesque landscapes open from the observation point between the Snudy and Strusto lakes (Mount Mayak). The annual tourist flow exceeds 25 thousand people, about 3/4 in its structure falls on unorganized vacationers, concentrating in coastal villages and tent cities in tourist camps. The lake ecosystems of the Braslav National Park with preserved rich flora and fauna are of interest for the development of ecological tourism. An important object of ecotourism in the Northern region is also the Berezinsky biosphere reserve (partially located in the Central region), where natural forest and swamp complexes are widely represented, there is a large native population of beaver and other animals. In addition to natural resources,
Poozerie is characterized by significant excursion potential. The leading excursion center of the region is the national historical and cultural reserve, created in 1 140-year-old Polotsk - the oldest city in the country with a rich historical heritage, ancient monuments X I-X II centuries (St. Sophia Cathedral, the Transfiguration Church of the Savior) and other eras, the cradle of Christianity in Belarus (a place of pilgrimage to the Euphrosyne Monastery), the birthplace of the outstanding first printer F. Skaryna (printing museum, memorial monument). It should also be noted the cultural capital of Belarus - ancient Vitebsk (the birthplace of Marc Chagall, the venue for the international festival of arts "Slavianski Bazaar"), small ancient cities with preserved historical and architectural monuments (Braslav, Glubokoe, Postavy, Orsha).
The Western region is distinguished by a high concentration of historical and cultural heritage sites (Grodno, Pinsk, Brest, Novogrudok, Mir, Slonim, Lida, Zhirovichi Monastery, etc.), which determines the main direction of its specialization - excursion service. Favorable transport geographical position The district contributes to the development of transit tourism and cross-border tourist exchange with Poland and Lithuania. The organization of ecological tourism in the national park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha", created on the basis of the largest ancient forest massif in Europe, has significant prospects. There are over 1000 oak trees from 300 to 700 years, there are 450-year-old ash trees, 220-year-old pines, 150-year-old junipers. The pride of the park is a large population of bison. The small village of Viskuli, located in the center of the forest, gained world fame, where in December 1991 The Belovezhskaya Accords were signed, proclaiming the collapse of the USSR.
Due to radioactive contamination, the prospects for the development of rich resort and recreational resources and the development of mass types of tourism in the Eastern region are limited. At present, the recreational profile of the district is determined by the organization of medical and health services, primarily for local residents. During the vacation and vacation period, it is advisable to take the population of the region for rehabilitation to the radiation-free regions of the republic. The potential of ecological tourism in the Pripyatsky National Park (the unique floodplain landscapes of Pripyat, the rich avifauna, the ancient city of Turov) and specialized tours to the Polessky Radiation and Ecological Reserve are of international importance.
1.2. Assessment of the current state of tourism and tourism infrastructure in the Republic of Belarus
The development of tourism in any country, region depends on a whole range of factors, conditions and resources. The clear winners are those countries that have the sea and mountains. Despite the fact that Belarus does not have these significant tourism resources, it has a number of advantages in comparison with other countries. Among them:
proximity to Western Europe, Scandinavia - a tourist market with a very high financial potential;
ancient and rich history, original culture (15 thousand objects of historical, cultural and architectural significance);
rich natural potential, the oldest forest in the world - Belovezhskaya Pushcha, etc.
In the Republic of Belarus in recent years there have been significant changes in the field of tourism infrastructure. The number of new comfortable hotel complexes has increased. A lot of work is being done to reconstruct and update the existing hotel stock of the republic, to bring it to generally recognized world standards.
As of January 1, 2005 years in Belarus, there are 279 accommodation facilities (hotels, motels, campsites). Their one-time capacity exceeds 23thousands of places. The number of employees in this area is about 6.7 thousand people.
For 2004 more than 1,2 million people, of which about 1 million people - the inhabitants of the republic.
At present, the Republic of Belarus operates 258 hotels, or 92% of all accommodation facilities. Hotels are in various forms of ownership and departmental subordination, vary significantly in terms of level and prices. The number of privately owned accommodation facilities is 71unit or 25% of their total number. Nevertheless, 38% of all residents were accommodated in them, and the revenue from accommodation exceeded 45%from the total volume. This is due to the fact that private accommodation facilities are located mainly in large cities, that is, where it makes a profit, while the state is forced to maintain many hotels located in regional centers. In addition, a higher level of service and living conditions themselves should be recognized, which attracts foreign citizens.
A common problem with the vast majority of hotels is the lack of classification, which means that many of them do not even have a "one star" rating.
Although the hotels hosted citizens from a fairly large range of countries, the arrivals and overnight stays of a limited number of countries are of decisive importance, especially in the area of organized tourism. -Russia, Germany, Poland, Italy, Lithuania, UK, Latvia and USA.
Meals for residents and guests of the Republic of Belarus are currently provided by over 3 thousands of catering facilities located in the public network.
Given the important geographical position of the Republic of Belarus, much attention is paid to the development of roadside services. At present, more than 400 cafes, restaurants, bars.
The development of a network of fast food establishments is also relevant, allowing, at relatively low material costs, to solve the problem of providing catering services with minimal time spent on getting and eating food. The republic has 1,8 thousands of fast food establishments.
Thus, today in the Republic of Belarus a certain base for servicing inbound tourism has been created and is functioning, which is sufficiently developed, but requires quite large expenditures for its renewal and improvement.
Tourism development trends in the Republic of Belarus are clearly demonstrated by tourism statistics.
Tourist flow statistics;
Tourism income statistics.
The indicators of tourist flows include the number of arrivals (departures). Dynamics of tourist flows of the Republic of Belarus in terms of inbound and outbound tourism for the period 1998 - 2004 presented in table 1.
Dynamics of tourist flows
in the Republic of Belarus
Year
Number of arrivals in Belarus
Quantity
departures from Belarus
1998
62430
816016
1999
56064
860775
2000
48050
1181570
2001
50757
1215137
2002
55177
1198669
2003
64289
1108237
2004
67517
514593
During the period under review, one can note an increase in the number of tourists arriving in the Republic (1998 - 2004 - 110%), as well as a decrease in the number of departures from the Republic of Belarus (1998 - 2004 - 63%, almost 2.5 times compared to 2001 year). The reason for this decline is seen, first of all, with the entry of the main destination country, the Republic of Poland, into the European Union and, as a result, the introduction of a visa regime.
10 The leading countries in terms of attendance of Belarus are presented in Table 2.
Top 10 visited countries
The Republic of Belarus
Rank
Country
Number of foreign tourists visiting the Republic of Belarus
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Poland
13464
11755
11028
10287
5563
Russia
11257
9929
7343
6801
11681
Latvia
6364
7603
6359
7665
4978
Great Britain
6197
8915
9117
3282
5222
Germany
5669
4952
6147
7067
8542
Israel
3723
1119
2515
USA
2881
4768
2855
3376
5518
Lithuania
1949
2744
6734
7458
5317
Italy
1463
1642
2067
4225
4533
Cyprus
1101
1375
1258
2602
1179
After analyzing the data on the structure of the tourist flow, we can say that the priority foreign markets for Belarus are Russia, Poland, the Baltic countries, Great Britain, Germany, the USA, Italy, and Israel.
the image of the Republic of Belarus as a country unfavorable for tourism, created by individual foreign and domestic media; the current procedure for issuing Belarusian visas to citizens of foreign states that are safe in terms of migration, which does not always contribute to the growth of inbound tourism to the Republic of Belarus;
undeveloped tourist infrastructure, high moral and physical depreciation of the existing material base, a small number of tourist-class hotel accommodation facilities (2-3 stars) with state of the art comfort;
lack of practice of creation by the subjects of the Republic of Belarus favorable conditions for investments in tourist accommodation facilities and other tourism infrastructure;
practical absence of 2002years of state non-commercial advertising of the country's tourism opportunities abroad;
low quality of service in all sectors of the tourism industry due to low level training and lack of experience in a market economy, including due to the long period of operation of resort and tourist accommodation facilities through the social insurance system; discrepancy between price and quality of accommodation in hotels.
Tourism income statistics are presented in Table 3.
Balance of payments of the Republic of Belarus
under "travel"
(business and personal)
Balance of payments items
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Export, million dollars
Trips, including:
93,2
174,9
192,5
266,8
294,9
Business
28,1
79,2
78,7
107,4
100,6
Personal
65,1
95,7
113,8
159,4
194,3
Import, million dollars
Trips, including:
243,2
508,0
558,5
492,8
445,7
Business
103,7
156,0
140,7
100,6
64,2
Personal
139,5
352,0
417,8
392,2
381,5
Balance, million dollars
trips, total
150,0
333,1
366,0
226,0
150,8
As can be seen from the table, imports under the "travel" item exceed exports, thus forming a negative balance. But according to the data of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus, the export of tourist services in 2004 made up 294,9 mln. US dollars and increased in comparison with 2003. by 10.5%. Import last year decreased by 6.9% and amounted to 445,7 million US dollars. Based on this, over the past two years, there has been a decrease in the negative balance under the item export-import of tourist services.
In 2004 year, the negative balance decreased by 75 million US dollars.
This situation in foreign trade is partly determined by the ratio of inbound and outbound tourism: more tourists leave Belarus than enter the republic. However, in addition to this factor, other, more significant factors also affect the state of the balance of payments.
Firstly, it should be noted that due to the imperfection of the legislation in the tourism sector, large amounts of financial resources do not fall under accounting, in particular, under the accounting of export-import operations.
Secondly, there is a significant underestimation in foreign trade operations in tourism, and therefore, it is necessary to improve the accounting system in tourism.
2. Trends in the development of tourism in the Republic of Belarus
2.1. Normative legal acts that determine the trends in the development of tourism in Belarus
So, in 1983, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR "On a promising scheme for the development of tourism in the Byelorussian SSR" was adopted. It was he who determined the main trends in the development of tourism in Belarus in the last years of the existence of the Soviet Union.
Among these trends we note:
1. Formation of tourist zones on the territory of the republic, interconnected with a system of recreation areas and resorts of local and republican significance, a network of urban and rural settlements;
2. Increase in the number of tourist centers in the republic;
3. Development of educational tourism in the republic on the tourist and excursion potential of tourist centers and cultural and historical sites;
4. Development of sports and health tourism in the existing recreational system of the republic;
5. Development of amateur tourism;
6. Further expansion of the material and technical base of tourism.
Taking into account the specifics of the state, it was planned to create inter-republican routes, such as Minsk - Polotsk - Pskov - Leningrad; Brest - Pinsk - Turov - Gomel - Kiev; Minsk - Gomel - Kiev; Minsk - Grodno - Druskininkai - Vilnius.
It was scheduled for increase in the annual flow of tourists up to 2005 up to 3930 thousand people, including Soviet tourists - up to 3506 thousand people, foreign - up to 424 thousand people.
Together with the state, the market of tourist services in the Republic of Belarus experienced a political and economic crisis in the late 80s - early 90s of the twentieth century. Simultaneously with the stabilization of the economy of the republic, the state returned to tourism the attention worthy of this sector of the economy.
In 1999, the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On Tourism" was adopted.
In 2000, the first National Program for the Development of Tourism in the Republic of Belarus for 2001-2005 was adopted; in August 2005, the National Program for the Development of Tourism in the Republic of Belarus for 2006-2001 (hereinafter referred to as the Program) was adopted. It outlines the main trends and directions of tourism development in the Republic of Belarus.
2.2. The main directions of tourism development
Transit and cross-border tourism
Based on the geopolitical position of the country, the program is predetermined:
development of a roadside network of tourist infrastructure that allows organizing recreation for several days, including visits to nearby tourist attractions;
organization of cross-border tourist routes, including visits to tourist sites of border states;
creation of tourist centers along the main transport corridors, primarily based on small historical towns with valuable historical and cultural heritage (Mir, Nesvizh, Slonim, Zaslavl, Kobrin, Kossovo, etc.);
Water tourism
This type of tourism can be implemented in the form of short trips on passenger ships included in the combined multi-day tourist routes and trips of Belarusian and foreign tourists on comfortable ships along the waterways of the republic.
Taking into account the geographical location of the navigable rivers of Belarus, the development of this type of tourism is provided for:
on the Dnieper-Bug Canal and the Pripyat River from Brest to Mozyr. On the rivers Berezina, Dnieper, Sozh from Borisov to Gomel.
Organization and implementation of water routes on sports boats of the "kayak" type, small-sized rowing boats along the Berezinsky water system, Augustovsky, Oginsky, Dnieper-Bugsky canals.
Creation of rental points with a fleet (boats for pleasure, hiking, kayaks, kayaks, water bicycles), group and personal tourist equipment, necessary equipment for outdoor activities.
The program provides for the construction of passenger ships of the appropriate class and level of comfort, the creation of coastal and floating infrastructure at the anchor points of the routes;
- educational tourism
The basis for the development of educational tourism provides for the use of the cultural and historical heritage of the Republic of Belarus and the common history and culture of Belarus with neighboring countries. The program provides:
creation of conditions for the formation of tourist-excursion routes for different categories of the population in places of important historical events and activities of prominent historical figures of these peoples on the territory of our republic;
more efficient use of available tourist resources for organizing nostalgic tours for people from Belarus and their descendants now living in other countries;
more active involvement of young people in traveling around their native land in order to cultivate respect for the historical past.
Agro- and ecotourism
The program provides for the following areas for the development of agritourism:
creation of tourist villages on the basis of existing rural settlements with traditional folk wooden architecture, located in a picturesque area;
activation of the use of the reserves of the rural population through the organization of rural tours with accommodation and meals in village houses;
creation of agro-tourist complexes based on agricultural production cooperatives.
The main directions of development of ecological tourism in Belarus are:organization of tourist trips to untouched corners of nature; photohunting for rare animals and birds in natural conditions; swamp tours, acquaintance with their flora and fauna;
- sports tourism
The growing popularity of a healthy lifestyle, sports traditions, the availability of using the existing infrastructure predetermined three main directions in the development of sports tourism: the improvement of the nation through the development of active forms of tourism; development of "fan tourism" through the organization of tourist routes with visits to mass sporting events; revival of tourist and sports clubs;
Recreational and health tourism.
The basis for the development of recreational and health tourism is a more efficient use of natural resources and existing infrastructure. In this regard, it is envisaged:
wider use for tourism purposes of the existing sanatorium-resort base of the republic;
updating the existing and creating new infrastructure, expanding the range of tourist services offered in places of recreation and rehabilitation;
creation of summer tourist and health camps, campsites, equipped parking lots;
- business tourism
The growth of business activity, the expansion of international contacts is a serious prerequisite for the development of business tourism. The focus will be on:
development of tourist and excursion services for participants of international congresses, conferences, symposiums; organization of international trade exhibitions, fairs; creation of conditions for the provision of tourist and excursion services to businessmen working in the Republic of Belarus;
Religious tourism
The following directions of its development have been determined: using the potential of the main religious confessions; organization of pilgrimage tours; organization of tours to places of religious shrines .
2.3. Regional tourism policy
Along with the development of certain types of tourism, the Program also determines the trends in the development of tourism in the regions of Belarus. It is noted that the regional tourism policy in the Republic of Belarus is aimed at the development of inbound and domestic tourism, increasing the importance of the regions in the development of the tourism industry and is closely related to the economic concept of the development of territories.
The program provides for increasing the export of tourism services by territory, including the implementation of activities:
1) in the Brest region:
increasing the efficiency of the use of natural resources and the potential of the National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha";
development of tourism infrastructure along the international transport corridor № 2 Paris - Berlin - Warsaw - Brest - Minsk - Moscow, in the area of the checkpoints "Varshavsky Bridge", "Domachevo";
infrastructure development and efficient use of water systems: Dnieper-Bug, Oginsky canals;
development of the tourism infrastructure of the Euroregion "Bug".
2) in the Vitebsk region:
infrastructure development and efficient use of the Poozerye Euroregion, the Berezinsky Reserve, the Berezinsky Water System;
development of cross-border routes with the Pskov and Smolensk regions of Russia with the cities of Vitebsk and Polotsk within the framework of existing cooperation agreements;
providing tourist and excursion services, promoting the tourist opportunities of the regions, using the international festival "Slavianski Bazaar".
3) in the Gomel region:
development of tourist cross-border routes within the Euroregion "Dnepr" with the Bryansk (Russia) and Chernihiv (Ukraine) regions;
use of the natural potential and resources of the Pripyatsky National Park;
development of business, business and conference tourism, using export-import operations with 70 far-abroad countries using the material base and potential of the cities: Gomel, Mozyr, Zhlobin, Svetlogorsk, Rechitsa;
ensuring the development of tourist and excursion services, promoting the tourist opportunities of the regions during international music, theater festivals of choreographic art, including the International Festival "Sozhsky Khorovod" with the participation 14 countries.
development of sports and health tourism in the city of Mozyr, using the ski center in the city of Zhlobin - water park, with the involvement of outdoor enthusiasts from Russia and Ukraine;
ensure the development of tourism infrastructure in the area of the Novaya Guta border crossing.
4) in the Grodno region
development of cross-border tourism within the framework of the Neman Euroregion program and with the regions of Poland and Lithuania;
creation of infrastructure, development of tourist routes in the area of the Augustow Canal;
promotion of tourism opportunities, development of tourist and excursion services for participants in the annual international festival of creativity of small nations with a visit to the historical and cultural potential of the cities of Grodno, Novogrudok, Mir, Lida, Oshmyany, etc.
5) in the Minsk region
effective use of the republican ski center "Silichi", the ski complex "Logoysk", "Recreation Park" Yakutsk mountains "" in the Dzerzhinsky district;
to ensure the development of tourism infrastructure, the creation of a competitive tourist product in the Naroch sanatorium-resort and tourist zones, using the resources of the National Park "Narochansky", the historical and cultural potential in the village of Budslav, in the Myadelsky, Molodechensky, Vileika districts;
to continue the creation of an agro-tourist complex in the Smolevichi district on the basis of the SPK Pervomaisky;
to continue work on the development of tourism infrastructure near the objects of display and cities with a rich historical and cultural heritage of Nesvizh, Zaslavl, s. Ivenets, Rakov, Fanipol, in Minsk, Stolbtsovsky, Volozhinsky, Derzhinsky districts within the framework of the cultural and tourist zone "Nesvizh-Mir"; Berezinsky panorama in the Borisov tourist zone, as well as with rich natural potential as part of the development of the Berezinsky water system: Berezinsky, Borisovsky, Krupsky districts;
to continue work on expanding opportunities for the development of health and sports tourism through the use of speleological clinics in the city of Soligorsk; development of "seasonal and year-round" recreation areas using the potential and resources of the Luban and Slutsk regions in the Slutsk tourist zone;
increase the efficiency of tourist and excursion services during international and republican art festivals in the cities of Molodechno, Nesvizh, Borisov, Zaslavl, etc., as well as during fairs.
6) in the Mogilev region
continue the creation of an ethnographic village 19 centuries in the Mogilev region, the development of tourism infrastructure near the objects of display in the cities of Mogilev, Mstislavl, Shklov, Bobruisk, as well as in the territories of tourist zones;
development of roadside service, tourism infrastructure along the highway St. Petersburg - Odessa - Moscow - Warsaw; Mogilev - Minsk, arrangement of road crossings at the border points "Zvenchatka", "Smolki", "Ring";
to increase the efficiency of tourist and excursion services and promote the tourist opportunities of the regions during the international music festivals "Golden Hit", the festival of sacred music "Mighty God".
7) in the city of Minsk
increase the efficiency of using the existing tourism infrastructure through the holding of business seminars, events for the organization of business, scientific, congress tourism; art festivals, international competitions, exhibition events, meetings within the CIS community; bringing the tourism infrastructure in line with world standards;
to create a competitive tourist product based on the cultural and tourist zones "Historical Center of the City of Minsk - Upper Town, Trinity Suburb, Rakovskoe Suburb, Minsk Castle" and "Loshitskiy Manor and Park Complex";
to develop tourist and excursion services using the potential of the Botanical Garden, the zoo, theaters and studios, the organization of gastronomic tours, weekend tours, developing national cuisine and the cuisine of the countries of the world.
The creation of cross-border tourist routes with the regions of Russia is planned again (Gomel, Mogilev, Vitebsk regions), Ukraine (Brest, Gomel regions), Lithuania, Latvia (Grodno, Brest, Vitebsk regions), Poland(Brest, Grodno regions).
2.4. Estimated economic and social effect from the implementationNational Program for the Development of Tourism in the Republic of Belarus 2006 - 2010
The implementation of the activities outlined by the Program will make a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus. The main social effect of the Program will be to create favorable conditions for providing foreign citizens and citizens of the Republic of Belarus with tourist and recreational services.
This should be achieved by increasing revenues to the revenue side of the budget, strengthening the material base of tourism, the flow of investments, increasing the number of jobs, training and improving the skills of specialists to work in the tourism industry.
The implementation of the Program will also stimulate the development of such sectors of the economy as the service sector, agriculture, transport, communications, trade and public catering, the construction and reconstruction of roads, the improvement of cities and towns, the production of souvenirs, training and retraining of personnel, which will help solve the problem. employment of the population, especially youth.
According to the presented forecast, the proceeds from the organization of tourism to 2010 year will increase to 870141,2 million rubles, income from tourism to 2010 will amount to 18706.9 million rubles.
The measures developed in the Program will further increase the flow of tourists both within the country and from abroad and, ultimately, will lead to a significant increase in the attractiveness of the national tourism product as a sphere of international entrepreneurship and business cooperation. The Program is to be implemented in two stages. First stage (2006 - 2007 years) provides for the development and implementation of program activities aimed at improving the management system and state regulation tourism, the positive development of a positive image of the national tourism product, as well as the reconstruction and renewal of infrastructure, the strengthening of the material and technical base, the formation in the country of a market mechanism for the functioning and stimulation of the development of tourism, information and advertising technologies, including the widespread use of Internet technologies, systems personnel and scientific support, improvement of forms and methods of tourist services.
Second stage (2008 - 2010 years) includes the implementation of program activities for the construction of new large tourist complexes, the formation of new routes, the arrangement and equipment of the most important tourist bases, social tourism complexes, the involvement of new categories and population groups in the tourism sector, the introduction of new forms and methods of tourist services - formation of tourism centers of international importance .
The implementation of the Program will allow to 2010 year to ensure: an increase in the volume of exports of services in 1.55 times; formation of a network of reference tourist centers of national and regional importance, located in areas with the highest tourism potential.
The amount of financial resources required for the implementation of the second stage of the Program will be determined after the implementation of the program activities of the first stage, the preparation of a forecast for the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus for the corresponding period, taking into account the General Scheme for the Construction and Placement of Tourism Infrastructure Facilities on the Territory of the Republic of Belarus, the development of which is expected to be carried out during the implementation of the first stage of the Program.
The implementation of the Program will become one of the factors in solving the problem of employment. According to forecast estimates, by the end of the first stage of the Program implementation, at least 4 thousand jobs.
As a result of the implementation of the Program, conditions will be created for the preservation and revival of cultural and natural heritage sites of the country.
The development of the tourism industry will ensure significant revenues to the state budget, primarily by increasing income from the sale of tourism services and related activities. An increase in 2010 year, the share of paid tourist services in the total volume of paid services up to an amount of at least 5 percent.
The implementation of the measures outlined in the Program will contribute to the influx of foreign tourists into the republic, increase in foreign exchange earnings.
The following trend is predicted in the dynamics of arrivals in the Republic of Belarus: 95,672 arrivals in 2006, 133,941 arrivals in 2007, 187,517 arrivals in 2008, 281,276 arrivals in 2009. It is planned that in 2010 421,914 people will visit the republic.
The development of a highly efficient tourist complex in the Republic of Belarus will significantly increase its attractiveness as a sphere of international entrepreneurship and business cooperation, create incentives for the inflow of foreign capital into the domestic economy, which will make it possible to implement a number of large-scale projects in the field of tourism in the future, as well as satisfy the demand for tourist services in 2010 year and involve new categories of the population in the sphere of tourist services.
The development of tourism will have a stimulating effect on the development of other industries, will make a significant contribution to the restructuring of the national economy.
The implementation of the activities planned by the Program will lead to the strengthening of the material and technical base of tourism, the expansion of the diversity and geography of tourist routes.
Conclusion
From the above material it follows that the Republic of Belarus has sufficient potential for the development of all types of tourism. Despite the fact that it does not have significant tourism resources, it has a number of advantages in comparison with other countries. This:
proximity to the tourist market with a very high financial potential;
proximity to the Baltic countries, Russia, Poland is a serious resource for the development of cross-border tourism;
rich natural potential, etc.
V In recent years, there have been significant changes in the field of tourism infrastructure. There has been a tendency to reduce the number of departures, at the same time, the number of arrivals to the country is steadily growing (albeit at an insignificant pace, about 10% per year).
Priority foreign markets for Belarus are Russia, Poland, the Baltic countries, Great Britain, Germany, the USA, Italy, Israel.
The main factors hindering the development of inbound tourism to the Republic of Belarus are currently:
the image of the Republic of Belarus as a country unfavorable for tourism; undeveloped tourist infrastructure; the practical absence of state non-commercial advertising of the country's tourism opportunities abroad; low quality of service.
Import under the article "travel" exceeds export, thus forming a negative balance. But over the past two years, there has been a decrease in the negative balance under the item export-import of tourist services.This situation in foreign trade is partly determined by the ratio of inbound and outbound tourism: more tourists leave Belarus than enter the republic.
However, in addition to this factor, other, more significant factors also affect the state of the balance of payments:
Due to the imperfection of legislation in the tourism sector, large amounts of financial resources do not fall under accounting, in particular, under accounting for export-import operations;
There is a significant underestimation in foreign trade operations in tourism, and therefore, it is necessary to improve the accounting system in tourism.
Like any other sector of the economy, tourism cannot develop without an appropriate regulatory framework, without coordination from the state.
It should be noted that in the Republic of Belarus, the state has always paid increased attention to the development of tourism.
So, in 1983, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR "On a promising scheme for the development of tourism in the Byelorussian SSR" was adopted.
Together with the state, the market of tourist services in the Republic of Belarus experienced a political and economic crisis in the late 80s - early 90s of the twentieth century. Simultaneously with the stabilization of the economy of the republic, the state returned to tourism the attention worthy of this industry.
In 2000, the first National Program for the Development of Tourism in the Republic of Belarus for 2001-2005 was adopted; in August 2005, the National Program for the Development of Tourism in the Republic of Belarus for 2006-2001 was adopted. It outlines the main trends and directions of tourism development in the Republic of Belarus.
The program provides for the development of both individual types of tourism and regional policy in the development of this sector of the economy. Execution of the Programwill make a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus. The main social effect of the Program will be to create favorable conditions for providing foreign citizens and citizens of the Republic of Belarus with tourist and recreational services. The implementation of the Program will also stimulate the development of such sectors of the economy as the service sector, agriculture, transport, communications, trade and public catering, the construction and reconstruction of roads, the improvement of cities and towns, the production of souvenirs, training and retraining of personnel, which will help solve the problem. employment of the population, especially youth.
List of sources
1. Law of the Republic of Belarus "On tourism".Passed by the House of Representatives on November 10, 1999. Approved by the Council of the Republic on November 18, 1999
2. Decree of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR No. 388 of December 14, 1983 "On a perspective scheme for the development of tourism in the Byelorussian SSR".
3. Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No. 927 dated August 24, 2005 “On Approval of the National Tourism Development Program in the Republic of Belarus 2006-2010”
4. Geography of international tourism. CIS and Baltic countries. - Minsk: Aversev, 2004. - 252 p.
5. Gorbyleva Z.M. The economics of tourism. - Minsk: BSEU, 2004. - 478 p.
6. Republic of Belarus: statistical yearbook. - Mn., 2003. - 608 p.
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Tourism development is one of priority areas socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus. The tourist potential of Belarus is based mainly on the diversity, beauty and pristine nature of the country, the uniqueness of the historical and cultural heritage and consists of more than 15 thousand objects of historical, cultural, architectural significance, memorial places associated with the names of prominent figures in world history and culture.
In cities and rural areas there are 1834 monuments of archeology, 1597 of architecture, 1131 of history, 122 of art, about 100 centers of folk crafts and crafts, dozens of local areas of traditional weaving and embroidery, pottery, weaving, saddlery, etc. In addition to nature reserves, reserves, there are villages and cities, which are complex reserves, where the preserved historical environment is adjacent to the traditional way of life. All this is a prerequisite for the large-scale development of various types of tourism.
Main types of tourism and directions of their development
In order to develop inbound tourism and the industry as a whole, in recent years Belarus has developed and adopted 13 legal documents, the main of which is the National Tourism Development Program in the Republic of Belarus for 2006-2010. The main objectives of the program are the creation of the necessary infrastructure in tourist areas, the efficient and rational use of natural resources and historical and cultural heritage, the development of domestic and inbound tourism.
In accordance with the National Program in the Republic, a direction has been taken for the development of the following types of tourism.
Transit and cross-border tourism is offered based on the geopolitical position of the country. It is planned to develop a roadside network of tourist infrastructure that allows organizing recreation for several days, with visits to tourist attractions located along highways and transport corridors. It also provides for the organization of cross-border tourist routes, including visits to tourist sites of border states. In the future, it is planned to create tourist centers along the main transport corridors, primarily based on small historical towns with valuable historical and cultural heritage (Mir, Nesvizh, Slonim, Zaslavl, Kobrin, Kossovo, etc.).
For the development of educational tourism, it is planned to use the rich cultural and historical heritage of the Republic of Belarus and the common history and culture of Belarus with neighboring countries. It is planned to create conditions for the formation of tourist-excursion routes for different categories of the population in places of important historical events. It is even possible to organize nostalgic tours for immigrants from Belarus and their descendants now living in other countries. More active involvement of young people in traveling around their native land is planned.
Agri-ecotourism is considered a promising direction for the development of tourism. The creation of tourist villages with traditional folk architecture based on existing rural settlements located in a picturesque area, the organization of rural tours with accommodation and meals in village houses and estates to get acquainted with the natural potential of the Republic of Belarus - all this is the potential for the development of this type of tourism.
The ecotourism direction includes outdoor activities, organization of hiking trips, as well as environmental education and environmental education tours for different age and social groups of the population. Unique landscapes, valuable wetlands or forest lands, acquaintance with flora and fauna, rare and endangered species of plants and animals, photo hunting for representatives of the animal and plant world - all this allows us to actively develop ecotourism.
A variety of agroecotourism is water tourism. This type of tourism is realized in the form of short-term trips on passenger comfortable ships along the waterways of the republic.
Taking into account the geographical location of the navigable rivers of Belarus, the development of this type of tourism is envisaged on the Dnieper-Bug Canal and the Pripyat River from Brest to Mozyr, on the Berezina, Dnieper, Sozh Rivers from Borisov to Gomel. It is interesting for tourists to organize and conduct water routes on sports boats of the “kayak” type, small-sized (up to 6.5 m) rowing boats along the Berezinsky water system, the Augustovsky, Oginsky, Dnieper-Bugsky canals.
In the future development of this type of tourism - the creation of rental points with a fleet (boats for pleasure, hiking, kayaks, kayaks, pedal boats), group and personal tourist equipment, necessary equipment for outdoor activities, as well as the construction of passenger ships and watercraft of the appropriate class and level of comfort , creation of coastal and floating infrastructure at reference points of routes.
The growing popularity of a healthy lifestyle, sports traditions, the use of the existing infrastructure predetermined the development of sports tourism. major sports competitions where tourists are spectators. The development of these areas of sports tourism is planned to be carried out both for residents of the republic and for foreign tourists.
Active forms of tourism associated with significant physical activity are aimed at young people and physically healthy middle-aged people. For the organization of tourist trips of various categories of complexity, special tourist routes have been developed, adopted and recommended to various regions of Belarus with favorable natural resources - in Poozerye, Ponemanye, Dnieper, Polissya, Central Belarus.
The basis for the development of recreational and health tourism is the efficient and rational use of natural resources and the existing tourism infrastructure. In this regard, it is envisaged:
rational use of natural resources with medicinal properties, such as mineral waters, peat mud, sapropels, types of peat, etc.;
· wider use for tourism purposes of the existing sanatorium-resort base of the republic;
· Renovation of existing and creation of new infrastructure in sanatorium and health resorts with the expansion of the range of offered tourist services;
· Creation of summer tourist camps, campsites, equipped parking lots for recreation;
· expanding the geography of sanatorium-and-spa institutions offered to foreign tourists;
The growth of business activity, the expansion of international contacts is a serious prerequisite for the development of business tourism. The main attention will be paid to: the development of tourist and excursion services for participants in international congresses, conferences, symposiums; organization of international trade exhibitions, fairs; creation of conditions for the provision of tourist and excursion services during international reviews of scientific and technological achievements on the basis of large scientific centers and industrial organizations.
Religious or pilgrimage tourism can be called a new type in the tourism industry of Belarus. It is associated with visiting religious shrines and spiritual development. Two main directions of its development have been identified:
· worship of the main religious shrines outside the Republic of Belarus (for Orthodox and Jews - the Holy Land, for Catholics - the Holy Sepulcher and Rome, for Muslims - Mecca and Medina);
· visits to religious shrines on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, both by residents of the country and foreigners.
Religious tourism is planned to be developed with the coordination of the activities of tourist organizations, religious denominations and local authorities.
Regional tourism policy is becoming an important direction in the development of tourism in the republic. This policy in the Republic of Belarus is aimed at developing inbound and domestic tourism, increasing the importance of regions in the development of the tourism industry and is closely related to the economic concept of territorial development. Its basis is:
· Creation of a tourism management structure that allows efficient management and maximum benefit for the economy of the regions to use the resources and material base available on their territory, regardless of the form of ownership and departmental subordination, subject to environmental protection;
· creation of a competitive tourist product that satisfies the economic, social and aesthetic needs of the population while maintaining the natural, historical and cultural potential;
· development of mechanisms to attract domestic and foreign investment;
Satisfying the demand of the population for tourist services and goods;
development of the tourism industry at the level of world standards;
· Creation of favorable conditions for the development of social tourism for all groups of the population.
For embodiment regional policy tourism development, it is planned to increase the efficiency of the use of available tourist resources and material base through the creation of 27 tourist zones and the implementation of the following activities:
1. development of roadside services (motels, bistros, a network of organizations selling souvenirs and gift items), creating a tourism infrastructure along the main transport corridors and highways, ensuring the development of transit, sports, educational tourism;
2. Bringing the material base of sanatorium-and-spa institutions, rest houses, dispensaries in line with international standards for service in order to develop inbound and domestic, health and business tourism;
3. use of the material base of agricultural cooperatives and agro-towns to create agro-tourism complexes and "inns" that ensure the development of agro-ecotourism, educational, sports, health and business tourism;
4. creation of a system of environmental and cultural education of young students,
5. use of the main tourist routes of tourist areas and the material base of centers, stations, tourist bases for children's tourism;
6. ensuring the development of social, educational, sports, health tourism, as well as agroecotourism;
7. development of a network of one-, two-, three-star hotels through the repair, reconstruction of existing hotels, improving service, providing additional services, ensuring the development of transit, educational, business tourism;
8. development of a network of estates, leasing residential houses in rural areas, using tourist and recreational resources, ensuring the development of health, sports, agroecotourism, improving the well-being of the local population;
9. development of a network of hunters' and fishermen's houses, ensuring the rational use of the potential of natural complexes for the organization of hunting, health, educational, sports, business tourism, developing a system for the provision of additional services;
10. Bringing public catering facilities and services in line with world standards, organizing gastronomic tours, weekend tours, developing national cuisine and offering cuisines from around the world, ensuring the development of inbound and domestic tourism;
11. development of tourism infrastructure near objects of historical and cultural heritage (including objects of religious denominations related to architectural monuments), ensuring the development of social, educational, religious, nostalgic tourism;
12. development of the entertainment and leisure industry, using cultural and sports facilities, theaters, cinemas, concert halls, sports facilities, ensuring the creation of new complexes, water parks, bowling alleys, tourist and sports complexes, etc.;
13. Ensuring the production of souvenirs through the opening of organizations for the revival of ancient national technologies; development of centers of crafts and crafts, organization of exhibitions and sales of products of folk craftsmen.
Belarus is consistently working to integrate the country into the international tourism community. In June 2005, the Republic of Belarus became a full member of the World Tourism Organization (WTO). Within the framework of the international integration program of the Council of Europe "European Cultural Routes", international tourist routes have been developed that pass through the territory of 3-4 bordering countries - members of the Central European Initiative (CEI): "Castles and fortresses in the countries - members of the CEI", "Churches and cathedrals in Central Europe".
On the territory of the republic, within the framework of the international programs TASIS, UNDP, UNESCO, a number of projects are being implemented that are of great importance for the development of tourism. First of all, the creation of a cultural and tourist zone on the basis of the castle complexes of Mir and Nesvizh (“Mir-Nesvizh”), the commissioning of the Belarusian part of the Augustow Canal.
In recent years, a number of intergovernmental agreements on cooperation in the field of tourism have been concluded with countries - Moldova, India, Cyprus, China, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Poland, Romania, Syria, Yugoslavia, Latvia, Armenia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, etc.
Festivals and folklore holidays held in Belarus, major sports competitions, including the International Festival of Arts “Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk”, international festivals of medieval culture in Nesvizh, Novogrudok, Zaslavl, international sports competitions are becoming attractive tourist events.
The trans-European communication corridor (hereinafter referred to as TEC) Paris - Berlin - Warsaw - Brest - Minsk - Orsha - Moscow is of great importance for the development of tourism in Belarus. It crosses the country from West to East, and the main part of the transit tourist route "Belarusian Equator" passes through it. In the zone of this corridor, unique recreational and tourist resources are concentrated, not only of national, but also of world significance.
The emerging TEC on the west-east line is not the only transport tourist corridor in Belarus. An important role is also retained by the route St. Petersburg - Vitebsk - Mogilev - Gomel - Kiev, crossing the country from North to South, connecting the Scandinavian countries with the Black Sea basin and being an ancient trade and cultural route of Europe.
The Belarusian section of the Vitebsk-Gomel corridor will be traversed by currently developed tourist routes "From the Varangians to the Greeks" (the project is being implemented with the support of the Swedish Department for International Cooperation), "Viking Roads", which will become one of the most popular and will show the historical connection of Belarus with the ancient trade and cultural routes of Europe and the East.
Guided by these directions, currently more than 600 enterprises carry out tourism activities in the territory of the Republic of Belarus, of which 90% are private. All of them are licensed by the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus. The largest domestic tour operators that own a significant part of the infrastructure of the republic are the tourist structures of the Federation of Trade Unions of Belarus, the Administration of the President of the Republic of Belarus and the Republican Unitary Enterprise "Belintourist" of the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus.
The National Agency for Tourism of the Republic of Belarus has been created, which is working on certification and standardization of tourist services, retraining of personnel.
The scale of the tasks facing the Republic of Belarus in the development of tourism as one of the priority sectors of the economy, the intersectoral nature of the tourism industry and activities, the importance of tourism for improving the health of the population and the formation of a healthy lifestyle, educating the younger generation on the knowledge of historical and cultural values - all this determines the significant attention paid in Belarus to the development of tourism.
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