Pension is ... What is a social and insurance pension
What is a pension for an elderly person? Is it important to him or not? Why? What are its types? What is a pension in terms of maintaining the stability of the social mechanism of interaction? All these questions can be answered in this article.
Pension - what is it?
Labor pension
It is appointed when a person is unable to work due to his advanced age. To get it, you need to engage in labor or other useful activities. It can be paid at the onset of old age. It is also appointed when the individual has completed a certain period of time: in this case, it will be a pension for long service. This allows you to cover all areas of human activity, taking into account most of the features.
The pension is the most common form of remuneration for work for the benefit of society. Its size directly depends on the length of service worked, earnings, as well as insurance premiums. By the way, earlier these parts were indexed separately. But in 2010 everything changed. And now the entire labor pension is indexed. Thanks to a special mechanism, the insurance part is not just singled out as a separate category. So, let's figure out what an insurance pension is. What is she?
insurance pension
This is a monthly cash payment that compensates citizens for wages or other income that they received during their work. Also, these payments can be claimed by people who are members of the family of the insured, if he died.
What are the features of such income? You need to know that a certain fixed payment is set. It is completely dependent on the type of insurance pension. It is indexed annually by the state. It can be appointed ahead of schedule, but only under certain conditions. This is possible only if a person worked in such types of work where an increased Insurance pension is valid - this is a type of payment in such a case that begins to be made when a man and a woman reach 60 and 55 years old, respectively. Certain social and professional categories of citizens have the right to do so.
Social pension
In practice, the term "allowance" would be more appropriate for this concept. Social pension can be assigned in such situations:
- Upon reaching old age. Women and men (over 60 and 65 years old respectively) with less than five years of work experience can count on it. At the moment, payments are provided in the amount of about 5 thousand rubles. In addition to the above individuals, representatives of the small indigenous peoples of the north can apply for a pension. Here the term is as follows: 50 and 55 years for women and men, respectively. The government has created a special list of nationalities whose representatives are eligible for such a pension. This is done only for those who live in indigenous areas and are engaged in a trade characteristic of them: hunting, reindeer herding, and so on.
- On the loss of a breadwinner and disability. In the first case, this is available only to minor children, as well as to those who, under the age of 23, receive full-time education at an educational institution. A disability pension can only be received if a person has been assigned the 1st, 2nd or 3rd group. Moreover, this must be confirmed by an act of medical examination. The amounts of payments range from 4 to 11.5 thousand rubles.
Features of receiving social pensions
The fact is that there were legal conflicts before. They were legally allowed only in 2010. It should be remembered that only the person who does not receive labor can apply for a social pension. The conditions for this are as follows:
- The person does not meet the requirements due to which a labor pension is calculated.
- At first, an application for the appointment of a TA was submitted, but then it was withdrawn before the amount was set.
- There is a right to a labor pension, but the person did not apply for its calculation.
- The TP was appointed, but its recipient refused it, while submitting a corresponding application.
It must always be remembered that a person can count on receiving only one of the pensions.
Size and world
Let's look at the size of these payments in the Russian Federation and in other countries of the world. Verified information will be taken, so in the article we present the exact pensions in 2015:
- Social - 8300 rubles.
- Military invalids - 28,490 rubles.
- For the loss of a breadwinner - 8040 rubles.
- For disability - 7994 rubles.
- Labor in old age - 13,900 rubles.
As a comparative example, one can also cite the average pension in Moscow - 14 thousand rubles. Now let's go around the world. Different countries (including our neighbors) will act as objects of consideration. The amount of payments is translated into Russian rubles:
- Ukraine - 4 thousand rubles.
- Belarus - 9916.24 rubles.
- Kazakhstan - 14,166 rubles.
- Greece - RUB 32,468.59
- Germany - RUB 79,329.99
- USA. Here, the amount of the payment is about 67,997 rubles. But it should be borne in mind that the pension in this country is calculated in a special way. And it cannot be considered as such in the full sense. Here, a significant income of the pensioner is the return on investment.
- Armenia. If the Ukrainian situation can be explained by the war and the unwillingness of the elites to work for the good of the country, then this state is simply characterized by a low pension, which amounts to 5666.42 rubles.
- Bulgaria. It has the lowest rate in the entire European Union. It is 7932.99 rubles.
- Georgia. Due to the difficult economic situation in the country, the average payment is approximately 3399.85 rubles.
- Estonia. The amount of pensions in it is kept at the level of Moscow. And it is 14,449.37 rubles.
- Finland. Top of our list. The pension in it in 2015 is 112,317.51 rubles.
Let's say a word about the Russian Federation
As you can see, a pension is a pretty good support for the elderly. Of course, due to a number of different factors, it is inappropriate to compare only one parameter. As an addition, it would not hurt to figure out how much a consumer basket costs in different countries and what is included in it. Nevertheless, pensions help pensioners more or less adequately while away their days.
Conclusion
As you can see, the Russian Federation cannot boast of the highest pensions in the world. But in the CIS, things are going quite well. Of course, this is not the only parameter that must be resorted to in order to have an idea of the standard of living. So, when compared with Ukrainian pensions, a significant gap can be noted. But due to the fact that the main consumer products are many times cheaper than those sold in the vast Russian Federation, the difference is not as big as it seems at first glance. Therefore, in order to determine where pensioners live better, it is necessary to look not only at the size of state payments, but also at the cost of basic food, utility bills and medicines.