Economic growth and economic development. Ways to achieve economic growth
slide 2
Economic growth is a long-term increase in the real volume of gross domestic product(GDP) both in absolute terms and in terms of each inhabitant of the country. Economic growth does not mean that GDP growth should increase every year, but in general the direction of the economy should go up
slide 3
Economic growth rates
GDP (real) 2012 – BBB (real) 2011 = GDP growth for 2012 GDP growth________x 100% of GDP (real) 2011
slide 4
When calculating GDP growth, it is necessary to take into account: we mean real GDP; not only absolute values are calculated, but also per capita; only long term increase in GDP can be considered economic growth (look on page 17 for indicators of growth Russian GDP from 1999 to 2008 and conclude)
slide 5
Russia ranked first among the G8 countries in terms of economic growth in 2011. Such preliminary data are reported by Rosstat. The growth of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Russian Federation in 2011. compared to 2010 amounted to 4.3%. In second place was Germany with GDP growth of 3%, followed by Canada (+2.3%), the US (+1.7%) and France (+1.6%). In the UK, the economy grew over the past year by 0.9%, in Italy - by 0.5%, while the Japanese economy showed a fall of 0.9%. The richer the country, the lower its annual growth rate (generally)
slide 6
"We had decent economic growth, the highest in the world among major economies after China and India - 4.2%. The average economic growth in Europe, in the eurozone was 3.9%, we had 4.2%. By the way, in the eurozone, both the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank predict negative growth, minus 0.3% next year. This year we are still planning a plus, and plus from 4 to 5%, "Putin said in an interview with RussiaToday on the eve of APEC summit. http://ria.ru/trend/_VVP_RF_2012_31012012/
Slide 7
Factors of economic growth
Slide 8
Ways to achieve economic growth
Slide 9
Extensive growth
Increasing the number of machine tools Recruiting additional workers Keeping the production technology unchanged Increasing the area of cultivated land Development of new deposits
Slide 10
Intensive growth
Scientific and technological progress Economies of scale (enlargement of production) Professional development of workers Rational distribution of resources
slide 11
Types of economic growth
Uniform growth of the leading countries (USA, Europe) Miracles of growth (Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong) Growth tragedies (some Central African countries) Lack of economic growth(Zimbabwe)
slide 12
Economic Growth Goals
slide 13
Economic development
Economic development - the restructuring of the economy in accordance with the needs of technological and social progress.
Slide 14
Indicators of the level of economic development
GDP and national income per capita Production of basic products Sectoral structure of the economy (correlation between sectors of material and non-material production) Level and quality of life of the population Indicators economic efficiency production (ratio of effect, result to costs)
slide 15
Homework
§ 2, pp. 16-22. Tasks 1,2,3 pp. 27-28 Write an essay “The poorest is the one who does not know how to use what he has” P. Buast (1765-1824, French lexicographer)
slide 16
Used resources
Social Studies. Grade 11. Ed. L.N. Bogolyubov, N.I. Gorodetskaya, A.I. Matveeva. - M., Education, 2011 http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%EA%EE%ED%EE%EC%E8%F7%E5%F1%EA%E8%E9_%F0%EE% F1%F2 E8%F2%E8%E5 http://politics-31.livejournal.com/262639.html http://bda-expert.com/files/prognoz-rost.jpg
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Slides captions:
WHAT IS ECONOMIC GROWTH?
WHICH FACTORS AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH
ACHIEVING ECONOMIC GROWTH IS POSSIBLE IN TWO WAYS: EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GROWTH. EXTENSIVE GROWTH - INCREASING GDP THROUGH INCREASED RESOURCE USE. RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN THE COUNTRY BUT YET UNUSED RESOURCES ARE INVOLVED IN PRODUCTION. INTENSIVE GROWTH - INCREASING GDP DUE TO QUALITATIVE IMPROVEMENT OF FACTORS OF PRODUCTION AND IMPROVING THEIR EFFICIENCY. THESE ARE: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS, INCREASING THE SKILLS OF EMPLOYEES, GROWTH OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND RATIONAL RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION.
LET'S TAKE SUCH A FACTOR OF PRODUCTION AS LAND. FERTILITY LAND IS KNOWN TO BE LIMITED. BUT THEY WERE NOT ALL IMMEDIATELY INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURAL TURNOVER. FROM HISTORY IT IS KNOWN THAT IN THE USA, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR A QUITE LONG TIME LAND GRABING WAS OCCURRED PROMOTING THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC GROWTH. In the 60s. XX CENTURY THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN AND FALLOW LANDS WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE USSR. Among the youth of that time, a song was very popular with such words: we are going, friends, in the distant edges, become new buildings and you, and I am involved in turnover new mineral deposits, although the old are not used to the end, but the existing technique does not allow THEM COMPLETELY. THIS MEANS THAT THE ECONOMY IS DEVELOPING IN AN EXTENSIVE WAY.
THE FIRST, MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR OF INTENSIVE GROWTH IS SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS (STP), WHICH AFFECTED ALL SIDES OF THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY'S LIFE. IT DEVELOPED PARTICULARLY FROM THE 80'S. OF THE LAST CENTURY, WHEN THE SO-CALLED ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION HAPPENED (compare with the industrial revolution of the 18th - 19th centuries and the electrical revolution). ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATICS DRAFTLY INCREASE HUMAN POSSIBILITIES, INCREASE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, CHANGE TECHNOLOGIES, CREATE NEW PRODUCTS AND EVEN NEW RESOURCES NOT EXISTING IN NATURE.
§2 Page 17-22
§2 Economic growth and development
THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GROWTH §2 Page. 17-22 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC CYCLE §2 pp. 22-29
The presentation "Economic growth and development" is intended for teachers and students of the 11th grade (L.N. Bogolyubov's teaching materials) a basic level of. It is a synthesis of several sources, which allows as diverse as possible and close to the Program and the course of the subject "Social Science" to reveal the topic under consideration. The presentation option allows both the teacher and the students to work in different modes.
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“Economic growth and development. Lesson-presentation in social studies, grade 11 (basic level) "
D.Z.: §2 , from . 22-29
- THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
- FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
- ECONOMIC CYCLE
§2 Page 22-29
TO WHAT FACTORS AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC GROWTH IS POSSIBLE IN TWO WAYS :
EXTENSIVE AND INTENSE ROSTA.
INTENSIVE GROWTH - INCREASE GDP DUE TO THE QUALITATIVE IMPROVEMENT OF THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION AND INCREASING THEIR EFFICIENCY.
THIS: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS,
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYEES,
GROWTH IN LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
AND RATIONAL ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES .
EXTENSIVE GROWTH - INCREASE GDP THROUGH INCREASED RESOURCE USE.
RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN THE COUNTRY BUT YET UNUSED RESOURCES ARE INVOLVED IN PRODUCTION.
- LET'S TAKE SUCH A FACTOR OF PRODUCTION AS LAND.
- FERTILITY LAND IS KNOWN TO BE LIMITED.
- BUT THEY WERE NOT ALL IMMEDIATELY INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURAL TURNOVER.
- FROM HISTORY IT IS KNOWN THAT IN THE USA, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR A QUITE LONG TIME LAND GRABING WAS OCCURRED PROMOTING THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC GROWTH.
- In the 60s. XX V. IN THE USSR THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN AND FALLOW LANDS WAS CARRIED OUT.
- AMONG THE YOUTH OF THAT TIME, A SONG WAS VERY POPULAR WITH THESE WORDS:
- WE'LL BECOME HOUSEHOLDERS AND YOU AND I.
- WE ARE GOING, FRIENDS, TO FAR LANDS, WE'LL BECOME HOUSEHOLDERS AND YOU AND I.
- WE ARE GOING, FRIENDS, TO FAR LANDS,
- WE'LL BECOME HOUSEHOLDERS AND YOU AND I.
- NEW DEPOSITS OF MINERAL RESOURCES ARE INVOLVED INTO THE TURNOVER, ALTHOUGH THE OLD DEPOSITS ARE NOT USED TO THE END, BUT THE AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY DOES NOT ALLOW TO USE THEM FULLY.
- THIS MEANS THAT THE ECONOMY IS DEVELOPING IN AN EXTENSIVE WAY.
- FIRST, THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR OF INTENSIVE GROWTH - SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS (NTP), WHICH AFFECTED ALL SIDES OF THE ECONOMY AND LIFE OF THE SOCIETY.
- IT DEVELOPED PARTICULARLY FROM THE 80'S. OF THE LAST CENTURY, WHEN THE SO-CALLED ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION HAPPENED (compare with the industrial revolution XVIII - XIX centuries and the electrical revolution).
- ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATICS DRAFTLY INCREASE HUMAN POSSIBILITIES, INCREASE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, CHANGE TECHNOLOGIES, CREATE NEW PRODUCTS AND EVEN NEW RESOURCES NOT EXISTING IN NATURE.
- THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
- FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
- EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GROWTH
- ECONOMIC CYCLE
§2 Page 22-29
- WARS,
- The impact of some other external factors, such as the so-called oil shocks, when oil producing countries were combined into one cartel -Ophek - - and sharply raised prices for oil, which caused the world's largest crisis in 1973-1975, in which in which USA PRODUCTION DECLINE CONTINUED FOR 16 MONTHS AND AMOUNTED TO ABOUT 5%;
- MAJOR INNOVATIONS (RAILWAYS, AUTOMOBILE, ELECTRONICS) WITH A GREAT IMPACT ON INVESTMENT, PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, PRICE LEVEL;
- EVEN SPOTTS IN THE SUN WHICH AFFECT THE YIELD OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND CROP FAULTS CAN LEAD TO A CRISIS OF THE WHOLE ECONOMY.
- Economic
- 1. THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
- 2. FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
- 3. EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GROWTH
- §2 Page 16-21
- Factors
- economic growth
- LET'S TAKE SUCH A FACTOR OF PRODUCTION AS LAND.
- FERTILITY LAND IS KNOWN TO BE LIMITED.
- BUT THEY WERE NOT ALL IMMEDIATELY INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURAL TURNOVER.
- FROM HISTORY IT IS KNOWN THAT IN THE USA, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR A QUITE LONG TIME LAND GRABING WAS OCCURRED PROMOTING THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC GROWTH.
- In the 60s. XX CENTURY THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN AND FALLOW LANDS WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE USSR.
- NEW DEPOSITS OF MINERAL RESOURCES ARE INVOLVED INTO THE TURNOVER, ALTHOUGH THE OLD DEPOSITS ARE NOT USED TO THE END, BUT THE AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY DOES NOT ALLOW TO USE THEM FULLY.
- THIS MEANS THAT THE ECONOMY IS DEVELOPING IN AN EXTENSIVE WAY.
- FIRST, MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR OF INTENSIVE GROWTH - SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS(NTP), WHICH AFFECTED ALL SIDES OF THE ECONOMY AND LIFE OF THE SOCIETY.
- IT DEVELOPED PARTICULARLY FROM THE 80'S. OF THE LAST CENTURY, WHEN THE SO-CALLED ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION HAPPENED (compare with the industrial revolution of the 18th-19th centuries and the electrical revolution).
- ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATICS DRAFTLY INCREASE HUMAN POSSIBILITIES, INCREASE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, CHANGE TECHNOLOGIES, CREATE NEW PRODUCTS AND EVEN NEW RESOURCES NOT EXISTING IN NATURE.
- §2 Page 16-20
- 1. the growth of mining, the construction of new enterprises
- 2. Improving production management, improving labor productivity
- 3. discovery of deposits, increase in working hours
- 4. installation of additional equipment, development of new lands
- 1. physical capital
- 2. factors of production
- 3. natural resources
- 4. supply and demand
- 1. increase in staff and working hours
- 2. development of new lands, increase in mining
- 3. discovery of new deposits, attraction of imported resources
- 4. Technological progress, improve productivity
- 1. exclusive recipes for baking traditional bakery products for the holidays
- 2. contracts with a network of home cooking cafes for the supply of hot pastries
- 3. personnel of bakers and confectioners with international certificates
- 4. premises rented by the company in which bakeries are located.
- A. Extensive economic growth is characterized by an acceleration in the turnover of enterprise funds.
- B. The intensive growth of the economy is primarily associated with an increase in the amount of resources used in production.
- A. Factors of intensive economic growth can be considered the creation of new jobs by the company.
- B. Factors of intensive economic growth can be considered the introduction of modern equipment and technologies at the company.
- 1) staff development
- 2) acceleration of the turnover of working capital
- 3) improvement of production tools
- 1) expansion of the production base
- 2) involvement in the production of additional resources
- 3) improvement of labor organization
- 4) increase in the number of labor force
- thanks for
- mastered material!