Wooden house where to start. From the foundation to the roof - the stages of building a private house
We want to offer you training information, but it will be useful to those people who are familiar with tools such as a hammer, hacksaw and drill, and also they should have a desire to work. We will try to briefly explain to you how to start building a house from a beam and how to continue it, in other words, you will learn how to make a box, which includes the foundation, walls and roof.
This training will be generalizing enough so that you can understand the essence of this method of construction, and in addition, you can watch a video on this topic in this article.
Construction Steps for Box Building
Everything can be divided into four main stages, and although this is not the complete completion of installation work, the box will be ready in this case. The very first is the planning and drafting of a project that meets not only your wishes, but also the technical conditions that are possible in the area. When the drawing is ready, then on its basis they equip the foundation, then the walls and cover them with a roof.
Planning
Any construction project begins with planning and this is not only a drawing on paper, but also careful planning for the location of the building with reference to the terrain. That is, we will not need to attach a finished house plan, but to draw up this plan, focusing on the most diverse features of the site. First of all, these are the cardinal points and those rooms that are most in need of heating (nursery, bedroom) should be placed on the south side.
You can warm the north side of the house in a natural way by substituting a belt from a veranda, a glazed terrace, a boiler room or a pantry for the cold. By acting in this way, you create favorable conditions for saving energy resources that are spent on heating the house. But is it possible to locate the rooms most in need of heating, on the south side, if it is upwind?
There are areas where the winds blow constantly, then this factor should be taken into account first. That is, the warmest rooms should be placed on the leeward side, even if it is north, and on the windward side it is better to plan the so-called "cold rooms". Such a layout will allow in winter not to spend unnecessarily resources for heating the house.
Another important factor is the location of the windows for ventilation of the room or those that will most often open during the operation of the room. Near them, it is better not to plan any outbuildings associated with an abundance of smells, as well as baths or smokehouses.
It is worth paying attention also to neighboring courtyards, so that such buildings do not appear next to an open window and instead of airing the premises, they do not bring unpleasant smells into the house.
Tip. When choosing a place for construction on a site, try to keep it the highest in the entire yard area. So you reduce the impact of groundwater on the foundation.
Foundation selection
There are three main options - these are pile, columnar and strip foundations. Each of them can be divided into some subspecies that are most applicable in certain conditions or are different in cost and labor.
Pile screw and bored foundations are mainly used for light type buildings, such as, for example, a bathhouse or even a small residential building. Piles in the first case are mounted by screwing into the ground, but the second option involves the pioneering drilling of wells and the installation of casing pipes in them, which are subsequently poured with concrete with a preliminary installation of the frame from the reinforcement.
The column foundation is very similar to the pile foundation in its capabilities, only the columns are made of brick or masonry, as well as of reinforced concrete slabs. The pitch of piles or columns for wooden buildings is usually from 2 to 2.5 m, with their mandatory installation at each corner and intersection (walls, partitions). The grillage or salary in such cases is often made of wood, although it is possible to use metal profiles and reinforced concrete.
For a large wooden house, the installation of a tape base is most often provided, the main factor in the variety of which is the depth from the ground level.
So, strip foundations can be deep and shallow, but the instruction does not paint the exact dimensions - here the starting point is the freezing point of the soil. If the tape is deepened to this point, then it is considered to be shallow, and if it is lower, then this is already a deepened foundation.
To calculate the strip foundation, you can use the calculator:
Also, the tape can be either monolithic or prefabricated - only the foundation price changes from this, and the quality with the correct installation remains the same. Monolithic bases can be supplemented with a brick base on top, but this base can also be a part of the tape that rises above the ground.
Tip. For some reason, it is generally accepted that for a shallow one, but this idea is deceptive and the truth is usually revealed only a few years after installation, or even after one or two years - the tape begins to deform. The minimum depth from the ground level in such cases can be anywhere from 50 cm or more.
The walls of a wooden house
- First of all, a salary is put on the foundation, but it must be treated with antiseptics in order to at least partially block the natural process of wood decay. A cut-off waterproofing should be put under the beam, the role of which is most often played by an ordinary roofing material. As a rule, various antiseptics for such needs are colorless and in order to prevent gaps in the coating, you can mix the stain into the composition, as was done in the upper photo and you will see all possible bald patches.
- Before building walls, you need to install logs for the floor, and in those places where the load is greater, for example, in a large room, the logs can be double. Planks should be laid on this base, as a temporary floor, so that it is more convenient for you to work. Moreover, such a flooring can be built, both before laying the lower crown, and after several rows, while the growth of the masters is enough to raise the beam in its place.
- The beam is fastened to each other with the help of dowels, which are driven into pre-drilled holes having at least 20 mm in diameter. The dowels themselves are prepared with their own hands, and they should be several millimeters thicker than the hole itself. The pitch of such fasteners can be observed with a value of about one meter.
- If you do not have enough length of the beam (with the exception of the upper and lower rim), then it can be extended into the butt butt with a comb, as shown in the photo above. Weaknesses in joining the beam are successfully compensated by the lower and upper rows, it is only important that the joining of all rows (and even two nearby ones) does not occur on the same vertical line.
- Now let's find out how the beam joins adjacent walls, that is, here it means joining the corners along the perimeter and joining the partitions to the main walls. In the figure above you see the main types of locks for the outer corners (around the perimeter) and usually they use a “slanting paw” for such joints. After fastening the lock from above, a metal bracket is clogged for strength, applying this for each row.
Tip. Many builders advise using a tow plug for a slanting-type lock, laying the docking points for it.
- Raising to the upper ranks is quite difficult, because it has a considerable mass. Therefore, for such transportation, they make a kind of ramp from the same beam, as you see in the top photo, and with the help of ropes, they raise the next profile. The number of rows for erecting walls is practically unlimited, so the height of the building will mainly depend on a pre-designed project plan.
- Partitions, as a rule, are made of a smaller section of timber, because such walls no longer bear responsibility for the thermal insulation of the inset into the load-bearing wall or into the conjugated partition; a “frying pan” or “dovetail” is a strong enough lock, which is quite enough for such designs.
- Buildings are made of a solid massive beam mainly taking into account the subsequent finishing, since such walls do not have the appearance of a finished modern building. Another thing is when a grooved beam is used for these purposes, where the spikes and grooves are made in advance with a milling cutter. In this case, the entire construction is similar to the assembly of the designer, where all the parts are prepared in advance and connected to each other without preliminary processing.
Roof
After the walls are erected, beams are laid on them, which will serve as the basis for the roof frame and, of course, will also support the entire weight of the roofing material. The step of the beams will depend on the step of the rafter legs, which, in turn, depends on the length of the rafters or the height of the ridge. So the higher the frame, the finer the pitch of the rafters and most often this parameter fluctuates between 0.4m and 1.0m.
The rafters are attached to the rafters using nails and metal staples, as shown in the upper photo. To fix the leg in a strictly horizontal position, you need to install stretch marks from any rail 20-25 mm thick, which will be removed after installing the ridge beam, racks and struts.
For rafters and racks, a beam of 150 × 50 mm or 200 × 50 mm is usually used (exactly the same material can be used for logs on the floor). But for struts, you can use the bars, but this is only when the frame is low, not more than one meter. For a ridge beam, either the exact same beam that goes to the rafters is used, or a round log with a diameter of at least 120 mm.
The crate of the frame for the roofing material is made with a trimmed or unedged board with a thickness of 20-25 mm - the main thing is that its step coincides with the size of the roofing sheets. Such roofs are nowadays covered mainly with corrugated board and metal tile, although sometimes ordinary slate is found.
Conclusion
If we talk about the price, then to build from a bar, which is a solid mass of wood, is much cheaper than from its glued counterpart. But such an all-massive profile after installation requires sludge for shrinkage and the house built from it cannot be finished for 10-12 months. As you can see, lowering the cost of materials is not always addressed by lowering the price as a whole, since, as everyone knows, wasted time is lost money.
My home is my castle. And made with your own hands, as in the photo of a wooden house, it will also warm your soul and leave no doubt in reliability and environmental friendliness.
For many centuries, people have built and continue to do this, using wood as a building material.
Indeed, in wooden houses it is warm and comfortable in the winter, and quite fresh in the summer heat.
Characteristics of building a house made of wood
How to build a simple layman a wooden house with his own hands, we will tell in more detail in our article. And let's start with the main points of construction:
Preparation of new design documentation
This contributes to the presentation of the finished type of construction, thoughtful selection of building materials, prioritization, and paperwork. At this stage, you can think over and solve many of the nuances in terms of organizing work, solving financial issues and design episodes.
Foundation laying
The main and most important moment of building a house, since it accounts for a third of the consumption of materials, a lot of time and effort. But if everything is done correctly, then you are guaranteed a long life of your home.
The site for building a house should be selected based on the geological properties of the soil. Basically, for the construction of a wooden house, a columnar or screw foundation is used.
Columnar - the most popular, as it is durable, not too expensive and quickly erected. Its construction consists of reinforced concrete blocks, stone and brick. The foundation is laid depending on the type of soil and the level of groundwater.
This option not only saves building materials, but also financial means, since it is easy to install it yourself.
Screw implies increased labor costs, without which it is impossible to cope. This option is suitable for mountainous and wooded regions, because the installation of piles and their twisting 2.5 m deep into the earth is required.
After which the whole structure must be poured with concrete mixture, weld the head and set the top of the foundation.
Definition of type of construction
The most popular are frame houses made of wood. They are the most inexpensive, from 190 dollars per square meter, but excluding communications. Housing from processed round logs will cost you $ 270 per square meter. meter, and from glued into packages of lamels of 460 dollars and above.
The most suitable for building a house are logs 7 m long and 25 cm in diameter. For an average country house, a diameter size of 17 cm is suitable.
Walling
After the foundation has stabilized and settled, the preparatory work is over, you can begin the construction of walls. To do this, you can use round logs, glued beams or planed, cleaned of knots, bark and jagged.
They look great and quite durable thanks to the processing. The tree is harmless to health, although it requires impregnation with a special solution from damage before laying.
Roof device
For the construction of the roof, it is necessary to construct rafters, heat-insulating and waterproofing materials, roofing material.
Note!
The shape of the roof must be chosen correctly so that it protects from the effects of weather conditions and successfully combines with the view of the whole house as a whole.
Today, the choice of material for roofing is quite wide: ondulin, slate, metal tile, corrugated board. As they say, for every taste.
Windows and doors in a wooden house
In advance, it is worth considering the principle of their work, appearance and other details, and only then build openings for them. Do not forget about the porch or porch to the wooden house.
Floor and ceiling in a wooden house
The floor must be strong, have a long service life and an attractive appearance. Before screeding and finishing the floor, waterproofing must be installed.
For flooring, linoleum, tile, laminate, carpet or natural wood are usually used. A wooden ceiling should look aesthetically pleasing, it is better to hide electrical communications inside.
Home decoration
A wooden house does not need additional decorative elements, with the exception of houses made of simple logs, which will shrink for a long time. Such houses can be ennobled with modern materials.
Note!
Sewer and plumbing systems
If there are existing water supply networks near the house, then you can legally connect to it and enjoy all the benefits. If not, you will need an autonomous plumbing system, which will be expensive.
The same applies to sewage and drainage systems, but this must be done so as not to damage the foundation and floor.
Heating system
Work on arranging home heating is carried out at the end of construction.
You can afford a warm floor, the use of a gas or electric boiler, stove, etc. Be sure to insulate a wooden house with special heat-insulating materials during construction.
Electricity device
The location of the wiring, nodes, sockets and lighting devices is thought out in detail and calculated in the project of the house, according to which the work is performed.
Note!
The main working moments have been completed, but construction has not yet been completed.
Building a house on your own is a fairly feasible task, but also a responsible one. In order for the final result to please the hosts all their lives, it is worth considering some tips from experienced.
How to make building a wooden house easier and not burdensome for yourself and your handy?
- Calculate all the blanks and details of the future construction. Then install the wreath in the corners with the subsequent connection in half of the tree and secure with nails.
- Install the beam and fasten the crown to the floor. At the end, lay the beams with a gap of 0.7 m, a sealant and again the bars. Make the floor from boards 40 mm thick, and clean thoroughly with a groove board 35 mm thick. For insulation use felt, linen, tow or moss.
- Make a drainage system: cut the upper edge of the beam by 15 mm from the outside.
- When building a house on several floors, the second is constructed at a height of 2.5-3 m, then an attic or attic. Doors mainly prefer paneling, and windows - wooden or metal-plastic.
- For the construction of the roof, a board of such dimensions is suitable: 10x4 cm for racks and braces, 15x4 cm with a step of 1 m for the construction of rafters, unedged to be trimmed 25 mm through 0.4 m.
Varieties of home ventilation
A tree as a natural living material can in itself saturate a house with oxygen. But for some rooms (kitchen, bathroom, basement) this is not enough. Therefore, an additional ventilation source is needed.
As a natural exchange of air, air ducts installed on the roof are used. For forced air circulation, special devices with noise insulation can be installed, which will solve the problem with high noise levels.
The ventilation pipe is installed almost to the floor for air flow, and almost under the ceiling for exhaust.
At the entrances to the pipe grilles are installed to protect against rodents, or grids to protect from dust and dirt. In winter, these holes are closed.
Construction decor
If you want to decorate your home with color, you can use special paints taking into account humidity, type of wood and its condition.
When painting the floor in the hallway, do it in several layers, since it is subject to great mechanical stress. Be sure to consider this nuance when painting the floor in other rooms.
The most suitable means for painting wooden boards is oil paint, it is durable and harmless, but dries for a long time. Acrylic and varnish are also widely used.
Cracks in the floor before painting should be puttied using river wedges. Combine irregularities with a planer, prime the surface, dry and paint.
Here, perhaps, all the charms of building a wooden house with your own hands. As you can see, it’s not difficult, you just have to want to, show your imagination, make efforts, patience and finances, study some video master classes. Go ahead and you will succeed!