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Foreword
You can insulate the garage yourself. Quality work will improve the conditions for starting the engine and car maintenance. Insulation technology and materials depend on the garage design.
Basic requirements for insulation
What is insulation done for? It is not needed to store the car - the main thing is that the car is protected from precipitation and high humidity. During winter operation, parking a vehicle in a warm room is harmful to it - condensation immediately settles on it, and on all metal surfaces, including those places that are not protected from moisture, since water does not get there during movement.
And the higher the temperature inside the garage, the longer the body cools down, and, accordingly, more moisture will condense on it. But in a warm garage, an easy engine start is provided, as well as comfortable conditions for car repair and maintenance. Based on the above, optimal conditions for storing vehicles in buildings and premises were developed, as reflected in SNiP 21-02-99. According to the regulations of this document, the temperature in the garage must be +5 ° C.
Using heating without insulation is ineffective, and for a metal garage it is almost meaningless and leads to abundant condensation on the surfaces and body of the car. At the same time, in order to achieve the optimal temperature, especially if there is a pit and / or a cellar in a stone structure, heating may not be necessary at all - it will be enough to make high-quality insulation of the garage with your own hands.
Without going into the theory of heat engineering, it should be noted that the most effective insulation of buildings is obtained when installing insulating materials outside. This requirement is laid down in building standards. The most "powerful" and expensive insulation is two-sided (outside and inside). In practice, the most often used is internal.
Let's start with the garage door
The easiest and fastest way to insulate any gate is to make an air barrier. It will require a thick (0.8 mm) plastic film or tarp. A sliding curtain is made of the material, suspended on a regular curtain above the gate, or cut into strips 20-30 cm wide, which are fastened with an overlap of 2-2.5 cm with a stapler to a wooden rail fixed above the opening. In both cases, the distance between the curtain and the floor should be 1–1.5 cm.
The option with plastic strips is the most preferable - the opening is closed immediately after the passage, and you can see where go... This event is of an auxiliary nature, but it is extremely necessary for the garage of motorists who use their transport in winter.
Since it is problematic for the doors to make insulation outside, and when insulating materials are installed internally, condensation forms at the point of contact with the metal, it is advisable to treat the leaves with anti-corrosion protection. The insulation should be glued to the gate as tightly as possible so that there is no air gap. It is better to insulate with expanded polystyrene (polystyrene) - it is moisture resistant, stronger and cheaper than fibrous materials (mineral wool, glass wool and slabs of them).
We carry out thermal insulation of the canvases in next order:
- waterproofing;
- we attach a wooden frame to the gate (the base of the cladding), the details of which are primed (for example, with heated drying oil) to protect against the appearance of fungus and warpage;
- glue the foam sheets tightly. We use special glue in cylinders with a spray or any other that ensures reliable adhesion of the foam to the metal, preferably waterproof;
- the joints between the sheets are sealed with polyurethane foam;
- we sheathe the insulation (for protection) with a shalevka (thin board) or OSB. DSP and moisture-resistant gypsum boards are too heavy for this, and drywall is also fragile.
Wall insulation - how to fix foam plastic?
When attaching to a brick wall, you can apply the "blot" method - you need to apply the adhesive to the foam sheet in a few spots and press the insulation tightly to the surface. We carry out the installation of insulation from the bottom up: we fix the starting bar, lay the first row and continue the installation in a checkerboard pattern (so that the joints of the adjacent rows do not coincide). When the glue dries, we additionally fix the sheets to the wall using plastic dowels (3-4 pcs per sheet).
All heat-insulating materials have low strength, and those made on the basis of fibers, in addition, are also susceptible to moisture absorption, which significantly reduces their heat-shielding properties. Therefore, after installation, it is recommended to protect the insulation from mechanical influences, and various fibrous ones additionally from moisture (waterproofing from the street side and vapor barrier from the room side are needed).
An inexpensive and traditional version of mechanical protection: we reinforce the surface of the thermal insulation layer with fiberglass mesh, and then cover it with a layer of plaster.
This method is especially relevant when insulating walls from the outside. Since the foam does not absorb moisture, it is enough only to plaster it. For internal protection, sheet gypsum plasterboard, DSP, various plastics or moisture-resistant gypsum boards are also used, for external - facing materials, decorative bricks, siding. To install sheet materials, you will need a frame.
We insulate the roof and floor
The general principles of roof insulation from the inside are the same as for walls. However, the method of fixing the insulation is determined by the structure of the floor. When it is made of boards, it is enough to “grab” the foam with ordinary “umbrella” dowels or nails. After that, we close it with sheet materials, fastening them to the wooden floor with long screws.
Our climate differs in that for 4-6 months a low temperature reigns, which is not only not very comfortable for humans, but also harmful to cars, our faithful assistants in the matter of movement. Frost and precipitation in winter can harm a car quite badly, and many try to leave the car in the garage as often as possible, thereby protecting it from negative effects. But if the garage is not insulated, then even there the "iron horse" will not be completely protected from external environment, because thin walls almost do not prevent the penetration of cold masses into the interior of the room. In order for the car to remain safe in any weather, you need to take care of the insulation of the garage for it in advance.
It is worth noting right away that it is also unnecessary to overdo it with insulation and create room temperature in the garage, unless, of course, you plan not to go outside during the winter. Otherwise, a strong temperature contrast can have an extremely negative effect on the car body, causing the onset of corrosion. Also, do not forget about ventilation so that excess moisture goes out into the street along with harmful gases.
Insulation requirements for a garage are not as strict as for insulation. living quarters... And if for the latter, insulation from the inside is extremely undesirable, then in the case of a garage it is no less effective and often becomes the only one possible option... So, if the structure is located close to others, then it will not work to insulate it from the outside. Moreover, some types of garages require double insulation, such as metal ones. The only drawback of insulation from the inside is that the area can be reduced, but in order to negate such a "side effect", you need to select a heat insulator that will cope with its task at a minimum thickness. So, what materials are suitable for insulating a garage from the inside?
# 1. Styrofoam
- the most popular option in this sense, all work with it can be easily done independently, which is why it has enjoyed such success for several decades in a row. The advantages of this material are weight.
If we add durability and low cost to all this, then we get an ideal material for insulation at all. True, andnot without flaws: Styrofoam is a combustible material, so it is better to choose those products that are impregnated with a fire retardant. Yes, and under the influence of sunlight, the foam is gradually able to turn yellow, but inside the garage a layer of such insulation will last a long time.
Styrofoam can be of several types, but it is the most popular when insulating garages expanded polystyrene... Depending on the specifics of production, it can be pressed, non-pressed or extruded. Taking into account the ability of this material to burn, it is better to stop your choice on a material of the PSB-S type, which includes a fire retardant. Expanded polystyrene has good heat and sound insulation, it is easy to handle, not susceptible to fungal infection. There is a myth that it is unhealthy as it supposedly contains residual styrene. There is some truth in this statement, but in order to protect yourself, it is better to buy material from trusted manufacturers who follow the manufacturing technology and supply safe products. Also, pay attention to the fact that decent results in insulation can be achieved if the insulation is mounted not only on the walls, but also on the ceiling.
The second material in this group is penoizoloften referred to as liquid foam. It is made in the same place where it will be used, and the resulting foam quickly hardens, filling all the cracks. This is one of the most reliable methods of insulation, which will create an excellent barrier to cold, because the thermal conductivity of this substance is quite low. Moreover, the material is durable, and manufacturers declare that it will serve faithfully for at least 40 years, although scientists call the figure 100 years or more. The material does not support combustion, but this method of thermal insulation cannot be called the most budgetary, since you will need special equipment and, as a rule, the help of professionals. And the presence on the market of dishonest manufacturers offering not the highest quality products scares off many.
Another liquid insulation - polyurethane foam, which is applied to the walls in the form of foam, gradually solidifies, forming a monolithic layer of thermal insulation. It does not weigh down the walls of the garage, since it mostly consists of air, adheres perfectly to any surfaces, and does not take away the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe garage. The material does not support combustion, but it can smolder if exposed to very high temperatures. The only drawback is the need for special equipment and specialists for quality work.
# 2. Mineral wool
- a good insulation, which boasts a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, the ability to breathe, health safety, and also non-combustible. Basalt wool, which in wide circles is called mineral wool, has excellent sound absorption performance. For internal insulation, mats with a density of not more than 180 kg / m3 are used.
disadvantages this kind of insulation is also present. So, mineral wool is very afraid of moisture, so it must be protected with a layer of vapor barrier. Otherwise, moisture collected from the environment will cause a loss of thermal insulation properties. The cost of mineral wool is slightly more than that of foam, but still quite affordable. True, this method of insulation is suitable for those who have a sufficiently spacious garage, because for mineral wool it is necessary to build a frame, in the cells of which the thermal insulation itself is mounted with a thick layer (10 cm or more).
Separately, it should be noted insulation glass wool - This is one of the varieties of mineral wool. Since it is made from molten glass waste or rocks saturated with silicon, needle-like particles are present in the structure, which represent the main danger during operation. When insulating a garage with such material, all personal safety requirements should be strictly observed so that particles of the material do not get into the skin, eyes or respiratory system. Glass wool is very afraid of water, and if it gets a little wet during installation, then the material can simply be thrown away, since all the thermal insulation properties are already lost anyway. And although the price for it is much lower than for stone wool, it is not very popular among those who want to insulate the garage from the inside, since its installation is complicated.
Number 3. "Warm" plaster
- a relatively new type of insulation, which looks like, but instead of sand, it includes materials with low thermal conductivity: vermiculite, expanded polystyrene, sawdust, pumice etc. The most popular became plaster with expanded polystyrene granules, since it has universal properties, it can be used both inside and outside, it has the best indicators of thermal insulation. Sawdust-based plasters are also common, which also contain components such as paper, clay and sand. This composition is just suitable for internal insulation, but you should be prepared for the fact that such a plaster dries for a long time, and you will need a good one to speed up the process. Vermiculite-based compounds can also be used to insulate the garage from the inside.
This option is different many advantages... So, and not to prepare in any way, "warm" plaster has excellent adhesion to wood, metal and stone, it does not require the use of reinforcing meshes (except for some difficult cases). In addition, it is very simple and easy to apply and you can do without outside help, managing as soon as possible. But with all this, the material is clearly inferior to traditional insulation, and it is best used in combination with other thermal insulation materials. Applying a thick layer is not an option, since if it is more than 5 cm thick, there is a risk that the plaster will begin to crack and flake off under its own weight.
No. 4. Heat insulating paint
Another modern material, which amazes not only with its ease of use, but also with its effectiveness. Here are just a few striking examples: a layer of paint equal to 1 mm is equivalent to a layer of mineral wool 50 mm, and a layer of paint applied according to the instructions is like a wall of 1.5 bricks. The unique properties of this insulation are based on features of the structure and principle of action... All insulation materials we know work on the principle of a barrier, preventing heat from leaving the space. Heat-insulating paint becomes not only a barrier to the penetration of infrared rays outside, but also their reflector, as a result of which it is much more difficult for heat to leave the confines of such a room. A similar effect was made possible due to the presence of a vacuum inside, which prevents the passage of infrared rays.
Advantages of insulating paints can be listed for a long time. They have excellent adhesion to most building materials, have good thermal insulation indicators, are not afraid of moisture, are vapor-permeable, and protect metal from corrosion. A layer of such insulation has a very low weight, therefore it does not make the structure heavier, and the application process itself is as simple as possible and does not differ much from the use of conventional paints. The list of advantages is complemented by resistance to ultraviolet radiation, ease of restoration of damaged coating, resistance to high temperatures (the paint does not burn, but only charred at 260 0 C or unfolds at 800 0 C), environmental friendliness. But such minus, as a rather high cost of paint, its high consumption, and not always it can be used as an independent insulation, but still this option is used more and more often to insulate a garage.
No. 5. Reflective insulation
Reflective insulation is the newest insulation, which is called today one of the most effective. Moreover, it is optimally suited for insulating a garage from the inside, as it has a small thickness, which means it does not take much useful area... The material itself consists of a layer of heat insulator covered with a metallized film, and that is why this type of thermal insulation is called foil.
Different materials can be used as an insulating layer: polyethylene foam, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool or basalt insulation. For internal thermal insulation of the garage as the base layer polyethylene foam and mineral wool are optimal, and the insulation itself can be in the form of plates or rolls. The main layer can have a thickness of 2-50 mm, and on top of it is applied aluminum foil very thin layer by heat welding. A metallized film made of polypropylene can also be used, it is possible that there is an additional layer of fiberglass. The foil layer can be either one-sided or double-sided.
How does this type of thermal insulation work? and why is it considered so effective? So, the foil reflects the main part of the heat waves, preventing them from leaving the room. Those infrared rays that did pass through the foil are already held by a layer of insulation, reducing heat loss to a minimum. As a result, we get a material with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, good noise insulation, low weight, fire resistance and resistance to moisture. Plus, it's environmentally friendly and easy to fit. Minuses, due to the short duration of use of the material, not all are yet known, but such insulation lends itself to corrosion.
The requirements for insulating a garage are not as stringent as for insulating living quarters. But still they are. Thermal insulation should provide an optimal indoor climate for normal vehicle storage conditions.
What temperature should be in the garage?
Many car enthusiasts believe that the temperature in the garage should be comfortable for a person. However, it is not. Optimal parameters: the minimum temperature should not fall below +5 ° С (in winter) and rise above +20 ° С (maximum). Moreover, the smaller the difference between the external and internal temperatures, the less the likelihood of the appearance of "perspiration", condensation on the car and its subsequent corrosion.
Some owners cover ventilation openings to raise the temperature in the garage. Doing this is strictly prohibited, because ventilation is responsible for the removal of carbon monoxide, the flow and purification of air, and prevents the appearance of dampness. Conventional natural supply and exhaust ventilation will eliminate such negative phenomena.
Do-it-yourself garage insulation from the inside and outside
Consider how to insulate a garage, from different positions and using different materials.
1.From the position of the location of the insulation
This is an important aspect because each type of insulation has its own advantages and disadvantages. Pros and cons of thermal insulation from the outside (from the street) and from the inside (from the inside), comparison, when which method is justified or appropriate.
Insulation of the garage outside
The advantages of outdoor insulation:
- the likelihood of freezing the walls of the garage is reduced. The freezing point is shifted towards the insulation. Among other things, this increases the life of the walls themselves;
- the risk of condensation formation is reduced;
- a favorable environment for the development of fungi is eliminated;
- the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises remains unchanged;
- there is no need to dismantle the shelves and take out everything for work;
- the harmful effects on humans of fumes from heaters are excluded;
- the cost and labor intensity of work is reduced.
Insulation of the garage from the inside
This method is used when:
- there is no way to perform external (external) insulation. For example, a garage is located in a block, i.e. located between other garages and has common walls with them;
- there is no possibility or desire to dismantle the shelves inside the room;
- sprayed heat-insulating material (polyurethane foam, polyurethane foam or penoizol) will be used as a heater. Due to its minimal thickness, the sprayed thermal insulation does not affect the usable area and, due to its excellent adhesion to the surface, eliminates the formation of condensation on the walls and ceiling.
Disadvantages of internal insulation:
- reduction of the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe garage;
- displacement of the point of freezing inside the room, at the point where the insulation is adjacent to the wall. The result is the gradual destruction of the garage walls.
Thus, if possible, it is better to give preference to the external method of insulation.
2.From the position of the used insulation
Considering how to insulate a garage, you may be faced with the presence of a number of materials that have similar or different properties, but are recommended for performing thermal insulation work.
What insulation for a garage is better to choose?
Insulation requirements:
- hygroscopicity. Regardless of the environment, the material must fulfill its function. And, as you know, wet insulation loses its thermal insulation capacity. Of course, you can provide additional protection to any material, but this will affect the cost estimate;
- thermal conductivity. The lower this figure, the longer the heat will stay in the garage;
- thermal inertia. Shows how quickly the room cools down. Thermal inertia is inversely proportional to thermal conductivity;
- fire safety. The insulation should not support combustion;
- price. If the goal is to insulate the garage inexpensively, then you need to pay attention to this parameter. Moreover, it is worth starting not from the cost of insulation (cheap - does not always mean bad), but from total amount expenses that include other materials, tools and wages;
- ease of processing and installation.
Several thermal insulation materials meet these criteria.
Thermal conductivity table of heaters
Insulation of the garage with foam
The most common option for relatively cheap thermal insulation of the garage. The leading position of polystyrene was provided by: low price, hygroscopicity, excellent thermal insulation properties, low weight, availability, ease of installation. Among the disadvantages: flammability, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the ability to crumble. Polyfoam needs protection.
Insulation of the garage with expanded polystyrene
It is an improved version of the foam. The main component of expanded polystyrene is styrene with the addition of foaming agents. Extruded polystyrene foam does not support combustion, is hygroscopic and has excellent thermal insulation properties. In addition, it is not a medium for the development of bacteria and withstands the effects of certain chemicals. However, petroleum products, alcohol and organic solvents can harm it.
From the point of view of installation, polystyrene foam is also preferable, because due to its dense structure, it is more convenient to use and has a reliable "groove-comb" connecting system, which reduces the area of \u200b\u200bcold bridges. A relative disadvantage can be considered a higher cost than foam. One of the patented brands of expanded polystyrene is Penoplex (insulation boards made of expanded polystyrene Penoplex). Insulating a garage with penoplex has the same advantages and disadvantages as with expanded polystyrene.
Insulation of the garage with penoizol
Penoizol is a urea-formaldehyde foam. It has advantages similar to those described above and several additional ones. The most important of these is the insulation technology. Penoizol is pumped into technical voids, for this, holes are made in the finished structure and the solution fills the space between the frame, wall, floor or roof, and in the building under construction it is poured into the voids. Thus, insulation with penoizol is the most hermetic of all existing ones, because has no seams and joints, fills all the cracks.
Penoizol is often called liquid foam due to its fluidity and good insulating properties. Moreover, it has optimal vapor permeability. However, it is difficult to insulate the garage with foam on your own, because the work involves a number of difficulties. Among them: the need to prepare the mixture directly near the garage (a lot of space is required), the need to use special equipment for preparing and pumping the mixture (penoizol is injected under pressure).
In addition, it should be noted that in Western European countries and some states of the United States, Penoizol is prohibited for installation in residential premises.
Insulation of the garage with polyurethane foam
PU foam is also one of the liquid insulation materials. But, unlike penoizol, it is based on plastic (polymers). Thus, by imparting additional properties to the material, such as: elasticity, structural integrity (the material does not crumble), good adhesion to any surfaces.
Polyurethane foam is applied by spraying onto the surface. Polyurethane foam, unlike penoizol, is not banned in any country in the world, and can be used without restrictions, subject to the application technology. Thus, the insulation of the PPU garage is the most progressive option, but also the most expensive.
Insulation of the garage with penofol
Penofol insulation is a thin foil material made of expanded polyethylene. Penofol is rarely used as an independent insulation, but its advantages include: small thickness, ability to reflect heat, ease of installation, environmental friendliness.
Insulation of the garage with mineral wool
Mineral or glass wool has one common disadvantage - they are afraid of moisture, which means they need additional protection with films of hydro-, vapor barrier. In addition, wool is a flexible heat-insulating material, i.e. for its installation, the installation of a frame is required. All this leads to the fact that cotton wool, despite its excellent thermal insulation properties, is rarely used to insulate a garage.
Insulation of the garage with expanded clay
Another thermal insulation material that is used to insulate the garage. Expanded clay is poured onto the floor or roof overlap. Advantages of expanded clay gravel - has high strength, resistance to the environment, is available and easy to fill.
3.From the point of view of the material from which the garage is built
The table shows the thermal conductivity of materials that are often used for the construction of garages (concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, metal structures, wood, timber, logs, corrugated board, chipboard, OSB). The table shows that each material has its own thermal conductivity, which leaves its mark on the choice of thermal insulation material.
Thermal conductivity table of building materials
- insulation of an iron garage... Thick and dense sheet metal acts as a building material. In this case, the insulation is performed without fail, because this is the coldest type of structure, which means that the use of materials of high density and considerable thickness is required, for example, foam with a density of 25 kg / m3, 100 mm thick;
- insulation of a metal garage... For construction, corrugated board or thin sheet metal is used. Such a material likewise requires a thick layer of thermal insulation;
- insulation of a concrete garage... The concrete walls are at least 200 mm thick. and can be formed from blocks or by monolithic pouring of concrete mortar. Concrete is a good conductor for heat, so thermal insulation of surfaces must be taken seriously;
- insulation of a brick garage... Used brick different types and density, and, accordingly, with different indicators of thermal conductivity. For example, a hollow brick garage is warmer, it can be insulated with foam foam, and a silicate one is colder and requires the use of foam;
- insulation of a wooden garage... Wood is able to store heat for a long time, but it is subject to deformation over time. Insulation technology is largely reduced to the elimination of cracks. As a rule, a garage made of wood is insulated with soft insulation;
- insulation of a frame garage... Regardless of the material from which the frame is made, the very technology of its manufacture provides for the possibility of installing insulation between the supports of the frame. At the same time, soft insulation is traditionally used for a wooden frame, and hard insulation for a metal frame (polystyrene, expanded polystyrene or foam boards).
4.From the position of the front of the work performed
Warming only one surface will do nothing to improve the thermal insulation properties of the garage as a whole, so the work must be done in a comprehensive manner, starting from the ceiling and ending with the floor. If the work is planned to be carried out as the budget is replenished, then you need to start with the insulation of the gate.
Garage roof insulation
Roof insulation is the first stage of work. If there is an attic above the garage, then work can be performed in the attic by making a frame from a bar along the floor of the attic floor and filling it with insulation. Cotton wool, foam plastic, expanded clay and even sawdust can act as a heat insulator;
Insulation of the ceiling in the garage
Often, the ceiling is insulated directly in the garage. When using rigid insulation and even overlap, this type of work is relatively simple. The order of work is similar to wall insulation. Light fiberboard sheets or wooden, plastic lining are used as a decorative coating on the ceiling.
Insulation of garage walls
The walls have the largest area, which means that maximum heat comes out through them. How to insulate the walls of the garage? For thermal insulation, both hard and soft thermal insulation materials can be used. The order of work does not depend on whether the insulation will be located inside or outside. Below is a short step-by-step instruction that will allow you to identify the front of the work with your own hands.
How to insulate garage walls with hard insulation
The technology of insulation with polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, penoplex will be similar:
- clean the wall surface of debris (protruding parts, peeling paint, chips, dust, soot, etc.). Particular attention is paid to the old coating. For example, plaster that does not adhere well to the wall must be removed.
An important requirement for fixing heat-insulating material is a reliable base. Additionally, you can walk on the surface with a metal brush;
Note. It is impossible to handle the corrugated board with a brush, because the protective primer layer will be broken.
- cover the walls with a primer, this will increase the adhesion of the adhesive to the surface;
- apply glue to the foam sheet. It can be applied with sculpting or a notched trowel. Glue in cylinders has proven itself well;
- install the foam in place and press firmly against the surface. The work begins with the installation of the bottom sheets, which are supported by a metal profile or wooden beam (treated with antiseptics). Each subsequent row of insulation is stacked with an offset;
- after laying all the sheets, they are additionally fixed with dowels with an umbrella, and the voids between them are filled with foam or scraps of foam / expanded polystyrene;
- then a polymer mesh is attached to the foam and closed with an adhesive solution;
- finishing is carried out with plaster for interior or exterior work, as well as plastic clapboard, siding, etc.
How to insulate garage walls with soft insulation (cotton wool):
- prepare and prime the surface;
- fill the frame on the wall. The distance between the beams is equal to the width of the insulation minus 15-20 mm. Masters advise using not a wooden, but a metal frame in the garage.
Good reviews about the frame made of plasterboard profiles. Often it is enough to build only vertical guides. But if the height of the garage is more than 2 600, cross-members must be made to avoid material settling. If the density of the cotton wool is not very high, it is recommended to make the crossbars every 1,000 mm;
- place the waterproofing film in the frame. The film must be overlapped. The film is attached to the frame with a stapler;
- insulation is placed in the cells of the frame;
- a vapor barrier film is mounted. Installation is also carried out with an overlap with gluing the joints with tape;
- finishing wall cladding finishing materialthat is suitable for specific operating conditions.
Note. If a heating device is installed in the garage, then foam plastic should not be used near it, but only mineral wool.
Insulation of the floor in the garage
If there is a basement under the garage floor, it makes no sense to insulate it, and if it is located on the ground, then it is necessary. For floor insulation, rigid insulation or expanded clay is used.
How to insulate the floor in a garage with expanded clay
- preparation of the base. For this, the existing floor covering is dismantled. This step can be skipped. But when using expanded clay, it is supposed to arrange a screed, and this will raise the floor level above the threshold value and create difficulties with entering the garage;
- roofing material or other material performing waterproofing functions is laid on the base. Roofing material strips overlap and protrude on the wall by 300-400 mm;
- guides are set to align the layer in height;
- expanded clay is poured between the guides. Layer thickness 300-400 mm;
- the guides are removed, the place of their installation is covered with expanded clay;
- wooden logs are installed for the installation of wooden flooring or metal beacons for screed;
Council. A slight slope will allow water to drain towards the gate.
- the screed is poured - a cement-sand mortar (in a ratio of 1 to 3) or the flooring is laid.
Note. According to reviews, the wooden flooring in the garage quickly deteriorates.
- beacons are removed from the screed (no later than a day after the screed was poured). This must be done because the screed can sag, and the beacon is deformed and will cause puncture of the car tire. The place of the removed beacons is filled with a solution.
Recommendation. Instead of expanded clay, you can lay cotton wool, and use wood as a topcoat. But, in practice, such a design is not effective due to frequent contact with moisture (melted snow, rainwater flowing from the car).
How to insulate a garage floor with polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene, foam
- a rough screed is made or a cushion of rubble and sand is poured;
Note. The pillow can deform when the insulation is laid.
- insulation sheets are laid on the surface. Masters advise to connect the ends of the sheets with glue to avoid displacement;
- beacons are displayed on foam;
- the screed is poured;
- beacons are removed from the solution, and the places of their installation are concreted.
Insulation of garage doors
Garage doors are the main source of heat loss. There are designs that consist of a gate and a wicket. Then the area to be opened is much smaller. If only the doors open, then you can choose one of the options:
- install the curtain from inside the garage. To do this, a tarpaulin, thick fabric or thick film is used, fixed on a stretched cable (string), a metal profile or a wooden rail under the ceiling, so that the "curtain" can be displaced.
- use insulating material. If the design allows, the gate wings can be removed (but given the large weight of the gate, the work is performed by the canopy). Usually gates, both metal and wooden, have a rigid frame. The insulation is placed in the cells of the frame and fixed with liquid nails on the surface of the sashes. To protect the insulation, lining, sheets of fiberboard or OSB are used, fixed on the frame of the doors (facing the gate from the inside with facing material).
The installation of seals around the sash perimeter will help prevent heat loss and blowing (drafts).
Conclusion
Summarizing the above: garage insulation can be done independently, the cost is only for the purchase of materials. As a result, the right microclimate will provide the car with optimal storage conditions.
Some garage owners believe that it is not necessary to insulate the structure intended for storing their car. After all, and so the walls and roof protect the body from corrosion and rust.
However, this opinion is not entirely correct. After all, sudden changes in weather, as well as low air temperatures have a negative effect not only on the condition of the entire machine, but also on its heart - the engine. According to experts, the thermometer in this building during the cold season should be within 5-10 degrees. To create such conditions, one cannot do without insulating the garage from the inside.
The measures taken to create the required thermal and humidity conditions will extend the service life of the machine. In addition, after the garage is insulated from the inside, the conditions of stay in it will become more comfortable for a person.
Selection of the required work option
Insulation of the garage from the inside is possible using various technologies. The choice of the required option will depend on many reasons, including the material from which the structure itself was built. The owner will also have to clarify the price of various insulation materials in order to try them on to their financial capabilities.
Insulation of the garage from the inside is impossible without a heat engineering calculation taking into account the climatic conditions of the region, as well as the material and thickness of the enclosing structures. For example, insulating a concrete garage from the inside will require less thorough insulation than metal frame buildings.
There are three options for carrying out such work. Insulation of the garage can be:
Outdoor;
- internal;
- combined, which is the most effective and at the same time expensive.
Insulation of the facade is simply necessary for those buildings that tend to accumulate moisture. These include wooden frame garages, as well as those for the construction of which porous concrete blocks were used. It is also desirable to insulate the outside and metal boxes. After all, their dew point can always be found on the inner surface. However, doing such work on your own is a very difficult task. That is why this option is most often viewed as an exception to the general rule.
Roof insulation
A separate issue is roof insulation. It is also relevant because of the large heat loss in this part of the structure. When deciding to carry out work on roof insulation, the selection of the most optimal option will depend on its design. The presence or absence of an attic should also be considered. Do-it-yourself insulation from the inside with different roof configurations can be performed in various versions:
1. If the roof is flat or with a slight slope, it is allowed to lay the insulation on top. For this, rigid plates and polystyrene are most suitable. In such cases, waterproofing is laid on top using roll materials.
2. With a pitched roof, mineral wool or foam is used, which is placed between the rafters. The first option of the material is more preferable due to the absence of the need to adjust it in size and the use of additional fasteners.
3. If there is a cold attic in the garage, you can cover the ceiling with rolled glass wool. Such insulation will be not only reliable, but also budgetary. The main thing is to provide good ventilation in the attic to remove accumulated moisture.
There is another option for such work. It provides insulation from the inside. In this case, it is recommended to use mineral wool or polymer rigid boards. Such a solution leads to the creation of a solid rigid contour that does not have gaps, as well as cold bridges. However, this will require a gasket on top of a layer of additional waterproofing and the creation of a vapor barrier from the side of the room to cut off moist air.
After the technology of warming the inner space of the garage has been finally selected, it will be necessary to determine the suitable material for the work. What can it be?
Styrofoam and styrofoam
These two heaters are considered related. The differences between them lie in some of their characteristics, as well as price. At the same time, the production technology of work with both the polymer remains unchanged. On the building materials market, there is also such a name for insulation as penoplex. It is a trademark of a Russian manufacturer that produces extruded polystyrene foam. But this is the same material.
Polyfoam is sold in flat sheets of various thicknesses. That is why to calculate its required amount, you will need to calculate the surface area, adding 10% to the result for waste. It is recommended to insulate the garage with foam from the inside in 2 layers. In this case, the protection of the structure will be more reliable.
The required amount of polyurethane foam used for sealing the seams will directly depend on how tightly the insulation panels are laid, and on the number of edges obtained. It should also be noted that such a composition is suitable for correcting inaccuracies after laying the insulating layer. That is why you need to buy it a little more than calculated.
Mineral wool
This category includes both cheap fiberglass and basalt slabs. However, it should be noted that the density of glass fiber is low. In addition, under load, it quickly loses its volume. That is why the insulation of the garage with mineral wool from the inside is used only in cases where it is freely located in a special frame. In a wider assortment, basalt slabs are presented in retail outlets. This material can be used on all surfaces. The main thing is to choose it correctly:
1. If the garage roof is insulated from the inside, then light inexpensive rolls with a density of 30 kilograms per cubic meter are used.
2. When cladding internal walls, mats are used whose weight is in the range from 45 to 60 kilograms per cubic meter.
It should be borne in mind that mineral wool insulation is not the cheapest option. However, if the garage is adjacent to a residential building, then it must be used for greater fire safety.
As with the use of foam, the cotton wool should be laid in two layers. With this in mind, the material is calculated. In addition to these boards, you will need to buy a 200 micron thick waterproofing film. A vapor barrier is also needed. Their size should be a large insulated area, as it will be necessary to overlap 10-15 cm.
Do-it-yourself garage insulation from the inside using mineral wool does not require the use of fasteners. Plates are simply inserted into a frame made of timber or metal profiles. In this regard, you will need to purchase the necessary material. The length of the timber or profile will be determined by the height of the walls, as well as the length of the roof slopes.
Narrow materials
Insulation of the garage from the inside can be done not only with mineral wool or foam. There are other thermal insulation materials on the modern market. However, their use is not so widespread due to the existing disadvantages. Only in some cases is the use of these alternative materials justified:
1. Expanded clay. Do-it-yourself garage insulation from the inside using this material can be done when filling it into the spaces between the walls, as well as for arranging a "warm" floor screed. Expanded clay has high water absorption and good thermal conductivity.
2. Blocks made of foam glass. This insulation material is quite good and at the same time is resistant to many environmental influences. But it should be borne in mind that such blocks are very expensive. In addition, they are afraid of alkaline solutions, which are based on cement (for example, plaster and glue).
3. Arbolite and fibrolite. These materials have good thermal insulation characteristics, but are more related to construction materials. That is why their use is best foreseen at the stage of building a garage.
Instruments
How to insulate a garage with your own hands? After purchasing the materials, you will need to prepare the necessary set of tools. Their specific list will directly depend on the insulation chosen by the owner. But special attention will have to be paid to cutting tools. For example, it is good to cut mineral wool with a construction knife. But if the garage is insulated from the inside with penoplex or polystyrene, then to give them the desired size, the easiest way is to use a homemade "hacksaw" made of steel wire fixed on wooden handles. Of course, a jigsaw can be used in this case. However, the sheets will crumble from it, and the work will go much slower.
Insulation of the garage walls from the inside should be carried out only after preliminary preparation of the surfaces. For this you will need:
Synthetic brush with stiff bristles, and in some cases a cord brush for angle grinders or hand brushes;
- grinder, with the help of which the protruding reinforcement is removed, as well as large projections on the main surface;
- narrow spatula for filling cracks.
In addition, if work is planned that will make it possible to insulate the walls of the garage from the inside, as well as its floor, ceiling or gate, then for fixing the prepared heat-insulating material it will be necessary:
Construction stapler;
- screwdriver or drill;
- an assembly gun or a notched trowel for adhesives.
If a layer of insulation is provided with laying in a crate, then you will need a tool to complete the frame, namely:
A jigsaw for giving the desired size to a wooden bar;
- hacksaw;
- scissors or angle grinders in the case of using a metal profile.
Ceiling insulation
After selecting a suitable option for thermal insulation material, you will need to decide on the technology of work. Do-it-yourself insulation of the garage ceiling from the inside should be done in a way that directly depends on what the floor is made of.
For example, if the ceiling is concrete, the garage is insulated from the inside with foam plastic or extruded polystyrene foam. No preliminary preparation is required. The boards are glued directly to the concrete ceiling.
How is this done? A specially produced adhesive is applied to the surface of the insulation using a comb. After that, the plates are pressed against the ceiling and held in this way for some time. The seams are also sealed with the same adhesive.
However, insulating the garage with foam from the inside will require additional fixing of the material. For this purpose, plastic dowels-umbrellas with a wide head are used. Each slab should have at least five such fasteners, one at each edge and in the center. If a more rigid extruded polystyrene foam is chosen as the material for insulation, then two dowels per plate will be enough. This insulation ends with plastering.
Before the solution is applied to the surface, it should be reinforced with a reinforcing fiberglass mesh fixed to the adhesive.
There is also a second way of installing insulation on the ceiling. It is more laborious and costly, and will also require preliminary assembly of the frame from a bar or galvanized profile.
How is this work done? They include several stages:
1. Implementation of the surface marking for fixing the profile or timber.
2. Drilling holes for fasteners and fixing the base of the battens to the ceiling.
3. Laying foam or mineral wool between the beams or profile, supporting them from below with a lintel.
4. Execution of finishing with plastic panels.
It should be borne in mind that the first of these two methods of insulation is preferable, since it is simpler and is able to provide better thermal insulation without breaking the integrity of the ceiling by drilling.
Wall insulation
These works are performed in the following order. At the initial stage, the surface is prepared. For this, the wall is cleaned and the frame is made using standard guides and profiles.
The last facing layer is drywall. Asbestos fiber can also be used for cladding garage walls. Moreover, this option is preferable to drywall, since it has a higher fire resistance. However, when the garage walls are insulated from the inside with their own hands using asbestos fiber, it should be noted that this material is quite fragile, which will require you to take a frame step more often.
For such work, as a rule, wadded insulation is used. Working with foam is more laborious.
In the middle of the partitions made, mineral and glass wool is inserted. Further, the material is attached to the walls with special fasteners. At the next stage, a vapor barrier is laid on top of the crate. For the production of such work, it is recommended to use a membrane that is laid end-to-end to the thermal insulation wool.
Insulation of a metal garage
Such structures have the lowest thermal conductivity. That is why many owners carry out insulation of a metal garage from the inside. The most effective method in this case, the application of polyurethane foam is considered, which is a liquid thermal insulation. Insulation paints are also used.
Liquid foam is a foamy mass produced directly at the work site. For this, special equipment is used in the form of foam generators. The material applied to the garage walls hardens and turns into a hard surface with excellent adhesion.
But the easiest and most inexpensive way to insulate the walls of a metal garage is to attach foam plates to glue. Before carrying out these works, it is important to thoroughly clean and then degrease the iron surface. This will allow the sheets of thermal insulation material to quickly adhere and then be securely held. Inevitably, gaps remain between the foam plates. They must be carefully covered with polyurethane foam. At the end of the work performed, the surface of the insulation can be painted. It should be borne in mind that the above materials are very flammable, and in the event of a fire, they emit many toxic elements.
Gate insulation
It is not enough to cover only the walls and ceiling with thermal insulation material in the garage. When planning work, you should pay attention to the gate. They are very large, which leads to the loss of a considerable amount of heat through them. from the inside with your own hands it is necessary because otherwise it will be quite difficult to heat the structure.
At the initial stage, a small door is made in one of the gate leaves. This will allow you not to constantly open the gate, which will also save heat. A curtain made of dense fabric or plastic can be reinforced between the opening sashes and the room. Such a device will also allow you to keep warm in the room. In this case, it is recommended to take transparent plastic, which will allow the driver leaving the garage to orient themselves well. For this, a thick plastic film with a thickness of more than 0.8 millimeters is suitable. The material is cut into strips. Their length should be practically equal to the height of the room, not reaching the floor by one centimeter. The width of such strips is 20-30 cm. If the film is cut narrower, it will cling to the exterior mirrors and other protruding parts of the car. This will be very inconvenient.
A wooden lath is nailed to the ceiling to fasten the strips. And then you need a stapler. With its help, the strips are attached to the rail with an overlap of 1.5-2 cm or a little more. Under the weight of its weight, the film should hang evenly, and after deflection, return to its place again.
It is recommended to insulate garage door panels with polystyrene foam. To carry out the work, you will need to make a crate. At the next stage, all its gaps are filled with heat-insulating material. In order to prevent cold air masses from entering the garage, the gaps that are formed at the junction of the doors should be treated with adhesive tape.
Elimination of drafts becomes possible with the use of rubber seals.
Condensation begins to form on the door leaves after insulation, in the places where the insulation and metal come into contact. In this regard, the folding flaps are covered with anti-corrosion protection. The frame parts should also be primed. This will protect them from mold and warping. For this, heated drying oil is used. The foam layer on the gate is covered with a durable material. Such sheathing can be made of thin board or OSB. It is not recommended to use moisture resistant material.
Above, the nuances of the selection and further independent installation of heaters in the garage were considered. The described technologies are optimal for most owners of such structures, since they do not require significant financial investments and allow you to solve the problem. The main thing that is required in this case is adherence to instructions and avoidance of breaks and gaps in the thermal insulation layer. This is the only way to eliminate the penetration of cold air into the garage and ensure a normal temperature regime in it, which will delight the owners of the structure not only in winter, but also in summer.
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