Correction of bugs in accounting and reporting. Preparing for annual reporting
Everyone may be mistaken in the preparation of accounting reporting. The main thing is to correct the error. And the order of its correction depends on the two points: whether the error is essential and in which period it is detected and pP. 3, 5-11, 14 PBU 22/2010.
A significant error - a mistake, which separately or together with other errors in the same period may affect the economic solutions of users accepted on the basis of the accountability of this period A pP. 3, 5-11, 14 PBU 22/2010.
How to make corrections to account
Error detection period | Correction | |
significant error | inssential error | |
Until December 31, the reporting year inclusive | In a month of detection | |
After the end of the reporting year, but before the date of the reporting of the reporting by the head | December 31 of the reporting year | |
After signing the reporting by the head, but before its submission to the Company's participants | December 31 of the reporting year If the reporting was represented by other users (for example, in the IFST), then it is subject to replacement |
In a month of detection - if the error affected the financial result, the adjustment is reflected in the account 91 "Other income and expenses" |
After submitting reports to participants, but before it is approved by them | December 31 of the reporting year Users sent revised reporting with information on the replacement of initial reporting and with substantiations of its revision |
|
After approval by reporting by participants | In the detection quarter - the results of the adjustment are reflected in the account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" | In a month of detection - the result of the adjustment is reflected in the account 91 |
What is a significant error
The criterion of the materiality of the error you determine and install yourself, speaking it in accounting policies p. 3 PBU 22/2010; p. 4 PBU 1/2008. It must be reasonable.
OPTION 1. It is possible to focus on the same rules for determining the materiality of the indicator, which is contained in PBU 9/99 on income and PBU 10/99 on expenses. Recall that it says that income (consumption) on a certain type of activity is shown in the reporting separately, if it is 5% and more from the total amount of income (expenses) for the reporting period p. 18.1 PBU 9/99; p. 21.1 PBU 10/99. By analogy, you can consolidate in accounting policies that the error is essential if it distorts the indicator for the reporting period by more than 5%.
Option 2. You can estimate the materiality of the error based on the specific weight of the balance sheet, when the error is reflected, in the balance currency. For example, the useful life of the OS is incorrectly determined. Its price does not exceed hundreds of thousands of rubles. And the cost of all assets of the company is calculated by millions. It is clear that the mistake of the mistake does not affect the adoption of the company's decisions on this accountability. Another thing, if the company bought real estate, but did not immediately reflect its value on the balance sheet, and the company has no other OS. This error already needs to be recognized substantial.
Option 3. Such a qualitative indicator may be used as a type of activity. For example, your main type of activity is commercially available - rent. You can establish that the errors made in accounting for leases are always insignificant.
Option 4. It can be prescribed that the maliciousness of the error will be evaluated for each specific case separately on the influence of this error on the financial result and the property position of the organization. That is, any single criterion cannot be installed.
Option 5. If you constitute the reporting exclusively for delivery to the inspection (the owners of it are not interested), then you can focus on the NORM OF CACAP: if the indicator of any article (row) of accountability is distorted as a result of an error by 10% or more, then this is a gross violation of accounting rules, For which the supervisor faces a fine of 2 thousand to 3 thousand rubles. art. 15.11 Administrative Code That is, it is possible to establish that the error will be significant that distorts the accountability line indicator at least 10%.
Example. Determination of the type of assuming error
/ Condition / The organization for December 2011 mistakenly accrued depreciation in the amount of 200,000 rubles. instead of 250,000 rubles.
At the same time, until the error is detected, the indicators to which this error affects were as follows:
- the residual value of fixed assets (from the balance) - 900,000 rubles;
- profit from sales (from the income statement) - 1,000,000 rubles;
- profit before tax (from the income statement) - 270,000 rubles;
- net profit (from the profit and loss report) - 216,000 rubles;
- sales cost (from income statement) - 700,000 rubles;
- the amount of income tax (from the income statement) - 54,000 rubles.
In the tax accounting, the same error is allowed - there are no differences.
In the accounting policy, the Organization has established that there is a significant error, leading to distortion of any row of accountability at least 10%.
/ decision / Let's see if the error is essential.
STEP 1. Calculate the amount of the error: 250,000 rubles. - 200,000 rubles. \u003d 50 000 rub.
Step 2. Calculate the percentage of distortion of each line of accounting balance and income report on which the reflection of depreciation affects.
Name of balance lines and profit and loss report | 12/31/2011 | ||
The amount before the error detection, rub. | The amount after identifying the error, rub. | Distortion percentage,% | |
Fixed assets | 900 000 | 850 000 (900 000 rub. -50 000 rub.) |
5,88 ((900 000 rub. - 850 000 rub.) / 850 000 rub. X 100%) |
Cost of sales | 700 000 | 750 000 (700 000 rub. + 50 000 rub.) |
6,67 ((750 000 rub. - 700 000 rub.) / 750 000 rub. X 100%) |
Profit (loss) from sales | 1 000 000 | 950 000 (1,000,000 rubles. - 50 000 rub.) |
5,26 ((1,000,000 rubles. - 950 000 rub.) / 950 000 rub. X 100%) |
Profit (loss) before taxation | 270 000 | 220 000 (270 000 rub. - 50 000 rub.) |
22,73
((270 000 rub. - 220 000 rub.) / 220 000 rub. X 100%) |
Current income tax | 54 000 | 44 000 (220 000 rub. X 20%) |
22,73
((54 000 rub. - 44 000 rubles.) / 44 000 rub. X 100%) |
Net profit | 216 000 | 176 000 (220 000 rub. - 44 000 rub.) |
22,73
((216 000 rub. - 176 000 rub.) / 176 000 rub. X 100%) |
Step 3. Compare the maximum percentage of distortion with the criterion of materiality of error: 22.73%\u003e 10%.
Often, when drawing up a balance, an accountant makes mistakes or inaccuracies. Do I need to give an adjustment of accounting reports? How are changes made? What legislation is the regulatory act of this question? We'll figure it out how to adjust the accounting reporting after passing the tax.
In the process of its activities, all enterprises are required to provide accounting reports to the control bodies. The data must be reliable, therefore, the procedure for the preparation of forms needs to be approached with maximum responsibility. However, even experienced accountants are 100% insured against errors or inaccuracies in the financial launches.
Conducted this may be, for example, untimely admission of primary. In this case, data adjustment is required to normalize the accounting statements. In accordance with paragraph 4 of PBU 22/2010, the detected errors are subject to correction. But not all information should be clarified. In particular, accounting adjustment is not provided for the data that was discovered on information inaccessible to the organization at the date of reflection of such information (paragraph 3 of PBU).
Adjustment of accounting reporting last period - filling nuances
When accounting is corrected, adjustment after the reporting date is carried out by reflecting records on accounts. According to PBU standards, all inaccuracies are divided into significant and no. At the same time, such errors that distort the picture of the real state of affairs in the company are essential. The criteria for the materiality of the enterprise are entitled to determine independently taking into account the specifics of the business.
To understand exactly whether it is possible to hand over the accounting correction, it is necessary to understand the features of the patch submission. The actual algorithm of actions is set forth in Section. II PBU. The order varies depending on when errors are identified; Approved or not accountability; Does the organization use a simplified method of maintaining bu (accounting).
Rules for making adjustments to accountability on PBU standards 22/2010:
- According to the reporting period errors, detected before it is completed, accounts on accounts are performed in the period (month) error detection.
- According to the errors of the reporting period, discovered after its completion, but earlier the assurances of accountability, the records are performed in December.
- According to the errors (essential) past periods, discovered after the assurance of accountability, but also earlier, the provision of documents to founders / shareholders are recorded in December.
- According to errors (essential) past periods, discovered by the provision of accountability to the founders / shareholders, but previously approval of documents, records are carried out in December with the submission of revised forms to stakeholders, including government agencies.
- According to the errors (essential) past periods, discovered after the assertion of accountability, - adjustment of accounting reporting after approval is carried out in the current period, for example, in 2017 in 2018, correspondence involves sch. 84, at the same time, retrospective recalculation of indicators, starting from the period before the period of error assumptions.
Note! Adjustment of simplified accounting reporting can be carried out without a retrospective method (p. 9 PBU).
How to pass adjustment on accounting
Suppose the company made errors in the formation of reporting for 2018. Does the accounting reporting adjustment for 2018 give up? In accordance with paragraph 10 of the PBU, if the clarifications were performed on the already approved documents, the re-provision of such forms is not required. Consequently, the revised documents must be passed to the tax authorities and statistics only in the situation if the reports have not yet been approved.
How to pass adjustment on charges? You can compile documents "on paper" or in electronic form. What is the adjustment number in the accounting statements to indicate? The paper document does not provide a field for reflecting data on clarifications. If you count not through TKS, it is recommended to submit an accompanying letter with the explanations with the renovation.
If the data is formed electronically, the title can make information about the adjustment number. Such no, when passing the primary balance, is indicated as "0", corrective - "1". Similarly, the adjustment number is affixed in simplified accounting financial statements - if clarifications are submitted for the first time, the figure "1" is set, for the second time - "2", etc.
Adjustment of annual accounting reporting
Based on the above, is it possible to apply the adjustment of annual accounting reporting? According to PBU standards 22/2010, it turns out that it is necessary only if the documents have not yet passed the approval. In the case when the accountability has already been approved, no revision of the data, as well as the replacement, as well as the delivery of interested users is not provided (paragraph 10).
If an accountant in the reporting period corrects errors (substantial) past years, the data is disclosed on the standards section. III PBU. This is the provision of explanations in writing. Among the mandatory information is indicated by the nature of the errors detected; the amount of the amounts of adjustments (separately by articles and broken down by periods); The value of the adjustment to the incoming residue is the earliest of the periods. And with the obligation to disclose data on profits on 1 share, appropriate information about the profit (loss) is also submitted to 1 share.
Conclusion - in this article we figured out how to pass the adjustment of accounting reporting. Separately discussed when the updated data is not required and in which period is reflected in the record accounts in the bu.
The procedure for making corrections to accountability will depend on the materiality of the perfect error, as well as from the period of its detection.
A later deadliens of the accounting of errors in accounting can be a real headache even for a very experienced accountant, since they assume additional labor and temporary costs of recalculation of accounting articles. Consider the question of what mistakes are significantly affected by accounting and how to correct them?
Substantially or insignificant?
In PBU 22/2010 there is a division of accounting errors to substantial and insignificant. Under significant implies an error that (separately or together with others) affects economic decisions made on the basis of accounting reporting in some periods.
In the accounting provisions there is no specific threshold, after which it is possible to consolidate the concept of significant. The identification of errors is an independent process for any taxpayer, and the expression of errors can be defined both in absolute numbers and in percentage ratio. In any case, the level after which the error acquires the status of essential, should be prescribed in the provisions of the company's accounting policy.
Whenever you did not reveal errors in accounting, the Buxoft online system for accounting electronic reporting will allow you to quickly resolve the issue and transfer the necessary information to the supervisory authorities.
Ways to correct significant errors
For significant errors in accountability 2017, there are a number of requirements when corrected. We will analyze to start ways of corrections, they depend on what documents a mistake was made - directly in the reporting or in the primary documentation, from the timing of identification and from the aforementioned materiality of the error.
There are the following ways of corrections in primary and registers:
- The correct method is admissible only for paper media. The incorrect data is simply overclocking, while the primary information should be visible under overralling. Nearby is the correct entry. Correction is certified by a responsible person, for example, the chief of the company, in the presence of (clause 7 of Art. 9 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-ФЗ).
An important point, in a number of documents, this method of correction is unacceptable - these are banking and cash documentation.
- The "Red Strore" method is used to correct account postings. If the entry was handwritten on paper, then the erroneous wiring repeat the red paste. The amount allocated in red is deducted when counting the results. The incorrect recording should be canceled, and the wiring is repeated indicating the correct data. If the software is used to enter information, as a rule, it is enough to make the same wiring, but the amount in it indicate with the minus sign. After making the right entry. Invalid wiring will be automatically deducted by the program.
- Additional wiring - such a method for adjusting errors is used if the initial correspondence of accounts is correct, but they contain incorrect amounts or if the operation was later fixed. If the amount in the original wiring is lacking, an additional amount is made with the balance of the amount, if, on the contrary, the amount is overestimated, then the additional wiring is made with the difference in excess and is carried out by the red row. In addition, with this method, the correction requires a certificate of explanation, which indicates the reason for the adjustments.
The order of correction of errors in accountability for 2016
The procedure for making corrections will depend on the existence of a perfect error, as well as from the period of its detection. Namely:
- If the error was revealed in accountability for 2016 in the same 2016, corrections can be made by those months in which the inaccuracy was discovered. If the next calendar year has already arrived, but the reporting has not yet been signed and is not handed over to the control body, you can make changing records in December 2016.
- If the error in 2016 accountability has the status of substantial, with the reporting already signed, but has not yet been approved, the corrections are also made by December 2016. In the new submitted statements, it should be prescribed that it is replacing the previously provided and specify the reason for the replacement.
Important moment: New reporting with error correction is fed to all instances where previous information was sent.
Of course, in the middle of the year, it is not necessary to talk about such a way to correct errors, but this option will be legitimate and for accountability for 2017.
- If the error is insignificant and was allowed in 2016, but discovered its accountant only in 2017, when the financial statements last year was already approved and handed over, the corrections are made in records on account accounts in a month of error detection in 2017. Losses incurred or opposite the profit resulting in connection with this error should be transferred to the account 91.
- If a significant error in accountability for 2016 was revealed already after approval and commissioning of information in 2017, the corrections should be made on account accounts for 2017. In the wiring, the account 84 is used.
The essential errors of past reporting periods, fixed in the current period, are mandatory indicated in an explanatory note on the annual financial statements of 2017.
It should be noted that the Ministry of Finance in his letter No. 07-01-09 / 2235 No. 07-01-09 / 2235 indicated that companies may develop an algorithm for error correction in accounting, guided by the provisions of the current Russian legislation. Any chosen order must be consolidated by the provisions in the organization's accounting policy.
If the organization due to the non-statement of regulatory legal acts on accounting is made incorrect reflection (non-commissioning) of the facts of economic life in accounting and accounting reporting, this is a mistake to be corrected in the manner prescribed by the statement of accounting "Correction of bugs in accounting and reporting" (PBU 22/2010), approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia from 28.06.2010 N 63N (p. 2, 4 PBU 22/2010).
The error is recognized as significant if it is separate or together with other errors for one and the same may affect the economic solutions of users accepted on the basis of accounting reporting compiled over this reporting period (paragraph 3 of PBU 22/2010).
Reporting users are potential investors and counterparties (customers, landlords and lenders) who need to know whether to provide organizations resources. Based on the reporting, they decide:
should I buy securities issued by the organization (can it be able to make a profit, which will be distributed to dividends, will pay off his bill);
does it entrust to the execution of orders, whether to rent property, whether loans provide (whether the organization will be able to fulfill its contractual obligations).
Thus, significant errors are significant distortions of reporting indicators, due to which the user can make incorrect conclusion about the ability of the organization to profit and fulfill the obligations in a timely manner.
Effortiveness
Specific criteria for the materiality of PBU 22/2010 does not establish.
Therefore, the maliciousness of the error determines independently, based on both the values \u200b\u200band the nature of the accounting statement (paragraph 3 of PBU 22/2010).
It should be borne in mind that the indicator may be considered essential if its non-exposure affects the economic solutions of users accepted on the basis of accounting reporting.
Whether this indicator is essential depends on the evaluation of the indicator, its nature, the specific circumstances of the occurrence.
Thus, the significance of the indicator in the formation of accounting statements is determined by a combination of high-quality and quantitative factors.
The level of materiality defined by the Organization should be consolidated in accounting policies.
The level of materiality in percentage of the reporting line
As a rule, the level of materiality is set as a percentage of the reporting string. For example, it can be recognized by significant errors that distort the value of any account lines by 5% or more.
Example. Determination of the materiality of the allowed error
The organization erroneously chosen into expenses the cost of unsold goods in the amount of 100 rubles.
The same error is allowed in tax accounting.
According to accounting policies, errors distorting the value of any reporting line by 5% or more are considered significant.
Namestrings |
Value |
Value |
Distortion of string valuepercent reporting (%) |
1210 "Stocks" |
0.2 (((50 100 rubles. - 50 000 rub.) / 50 100 rub.) X 100%) |
||
2120 "Sales Cost" |
0.5 (((20 000 rub. - 19 900 rubles) / 19 900 rub.) X 100%) |
||
2200 "Profit (loss) from sales" |
1.96 (((5 100 rubles. - 5 000 rub.) / 5 100 rub.) X 100%) |
||
2300 "Profit (loss) before tax" |
9.09 (((1 100 rubles - 1 000 rub.) / 1 100 rub.) X 100%) |
||
2410 "Current |
9.09 (((220 rubles - 200 rubles.) / 220 rubles.) X 100%) |
||
2400 "Net profit (loss)" |
9.09 (((880 rub. - 800 rub.) / 880 rub.) X 100%) |
The percentage of distortion values \u200b\u200bof strings 2300 "Profit (loss) before tax", 2410 "Current" and 2400 "net profit (loss)" report on financial results amounted to 9.09%, that is, more than 5%. The error is essential.
Significance based on average reporting indicators
Example. Calculation of the level of materiality error in the solid amount
According to the accounting policy, the level of materiality of the error is calculated as 5% of the average value of the five reporting indicators for the reporting year, in which an error is made. The values \u200b\u200bof these indicators for 2016 amounted to:
1. Balance:
On line 1150 "Fixed assets" - 5 million rubles;
On line 1230 "Accounts receivable" - 3 million rubles;
On line 1370 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" - 2 million rubles;
2. Financial Results Report:
On line 2110 "revenue" - 24 million rubles;
On line 2400 "Net profit (loss)" - 1 million rubles.
Total 35 million rubles. (5 million rubles. + 3 million rubles. + 2 million rubles. + 24 million rubles. + 1 million rubles.).
The level of materiality for the mistake made in the reporting for 2015 is 350 thousand rubles. (35 million rubles. / 5 x 5%).
Errors within 350 thousand rubles. are considered insignificant, but errors exceeding 350 thousand rubles., - essential.
Procedure for fixing significant errors
The procedure for correcting significant errors depends on the period when it was detected - before approving the reporting by the participants of the organization or after (section II of PBU 22/2010).
The error correction is drawn up by an accounting certificate in which you want to specify:
when and which error is allowed;
at what lines of reporting and in what amount the error influenced and why it was recognized substantial;
when the error is detected;
what wards a bug fixed;
which reporting lines are adjusted, including retrospectively.
Errors made in the reporting year and identified before signing reports by the head of the organization
In accounting, any mistakes (both significant and insignificant), allowed in the reporting year and identified before signing reports by the head of the organization, are corrected:
if they have been identified until December 31 of the reporting year - records on the date of identifying errors, that is, in that month of the reporting year, which revealed an error (paragraph 5 of PBU 22/2010);
if they have been identified on December 31 of the reporting year or later - records as of December 31 of the reporting year (paragraph 6 of PBU 22/2010).
Thus, all the errors of the current reporting period revealed to the date of signing by the head of the Organization of the Organization of Annual Accounting Reporting this year are taken into account in the preparation of the current reporting of this year.
There are several ways to correct accounting data.
Corrections can be made by backward records using the "Red Storn" method or detachment of any amounts that were not previously taken into account.
To correct the error follows:
1) Make an accounting certificate that indicates: when and which error is allowed when the error is detected by which wiring is fixed;
2) to reversal the wrong wiring;
3) Make the correct records.
Example
In December 2016, the following significant error was revealed: for the period from January to November 2016, depreciation was not accrued in the amount of 100,000 rubles.
In this case, in December 2016 - in the month of detection of the error - the depreciation amounts are maintained, which is recorded in accounting records on the loan account "Depreciation of fixed assets" in correspondence with the accounting costs of production costs (paragraph 5 of PBU 22/2010, Instructions for the application of the account plan):
Example
The organization in March 2016 accrued in the first quarter of 2016 in the wrong amount - 60,000 rubles. instead of 40,000 rubles.
This error was revealed in February 2017 to the signing of reporting for 2016.
Errors identified at the end of the reporting year after signing reporting
If the error is revealed already after signing reporting, it is corrected depending on the date of its detection.
The error of the previous reporting year, revealed after the date of the signing of accounting reporting for this year, but before the reporting date of its users
According to clause 7 of PBU 22/2010, the essential error of the previous reporting year, detected after the date of signing of financial statements for this year, but before the date of submission of such reports to the shareholders of the joint-stock company, the participants of the Limited Liability Company, the authority, the authority of the local self-government or other organ authorized to implement the rights of the owner, etc., the records on the relevant accounting accounts for December of the reporting year (the year for which the annual accounting reporting is compiled) is corrected.
If the indicated accounting reporting was represented by any other users, it is subject to a replacement for reporting, in which a substantial error has been revealed (revised accounting reporting).
The fact that users seem to be a trocked form can be reflected on the title page. This provides a graph "Correction number". For example, if the reporting is corrected for the first time, then in this column reflect "1".
Example
The Prizes of the Working Production Workshop in 2016 were accrued in the correct amount, but improper wiring - d 26 "general expenses" - to 70 "Calculations with wage personnel" instead of wiring D 20 "Basic Production" - to 70.
As a result, the amount of premiums is incorrectly reflected in the report on financial results for 2016 (instead of a line 2120 "Sales cost" on line 2220 "Management costs").
The error was revealed in March 2017 after the reporting of the participants of the organization for approval.
To correct the error on December 31, 2016, the following entries were made:
In the corrected version of the financial performance report, signed by the leader and submitted to the participants of the organization, the amounts of awards are reflected in line 2120 "Sales cost".
The error of the previous reporting year has been detected after submitting reports to its users, but before the date of its approval by owners
According to paragraph 8 of PBU 22/2010, the essential mistake of the previous reporting year, detected after the accounting reporting of the accounting reports this year to shareholders of the joint-stock company, the participants of the Limited Liability Company, the authority, the authority of the local self-government or other body authorized to exercise the rights of the owner, and . p., But before the approval of such reporting in the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation (for example, at the General Meeting of Shareholders), it is also corrected by entries on the relevant accounting accounts for December of the reporting year (year for which annual accounting reporting is compiled).
At the same time, the revised financial statements discloses information that this accounting reporting replaces the initially represented accounting reporting, as well as on the basis of the preparation of revised accounting reporting.
Revised accounting reporting is submitted to all addresses in which the initial accounting reporting was presented.
The order of correction of the error of the previous reporting year identified after the approval of the financial statements for this year
According to paragraph 9 of PBU 22/2010, the essential error of the previous reporting year, detected after the approval of the financial statements for this year, is corrected:
1) records on appropriate accounting accounts in the current reporting period. At the same time, the corresponding account in the records is the account of accounting for unallocated profits (uncovered loss), that is, the account "retained earnings (uncovered loss);
2) by recalculating comparative accounting indicators for the reporting periods reflected in the organization's financial statements for the current reporting year, except when it is impossible to establish the connection of this error with a specific period or it is impossible to determine the impact of this error with a cumulative result in relation to all previous reporting periods.
Recalculation of comparative accounting indicators is carried out by correcting accounting indicators, as if the error of the previous reporting period was never allowed (retrospective recalculation).
Retrospective recalculation is made with respect to comparative indicators since the preceding reporting period presented in the accounting reports for the current reporting year in which the corresponding error was allowed.
According to paragraph 10 of PBU 22/2010, in the event of a correction of a significant error of the previous reporting year, identified after the approval of accounting reporting, the approved accounting reporting for the previous reporting periods is not subject to revision, replacing and re-presenting accounting users.
According to paragraph 11 of PBU 22/2010, in case a significant error was allowed before the start of the earliest of the previous reporting periods presented in the current reporting year, entrance balance to the relevant articles of assets, obligations and capital on the beginning of the earliest Reporting periods (usually three years).
According to paragraph 12 of PBU 22/2010, if it is impossible to determine the impact of a significant error for one or more previous reporting periods submitted in the accounting reporting, it is impossible, the organization should adjust the introductory balance on the relevant articles of assets, obligations and capital to the beginning of the earliest of the periods, Recalculation for which is possible.
Note that the impact of a significant error in the previous reporting period is not possible if difficult and (or) numerous calculations are required, when executing which it is impossible to allocate information indicating the circumstances that existed at the error date, or it is necessary to use the information obtained after the date of approval of the accounting Reporting for such a previous reporting period (p. 13 PBU 22/2010).
Simplified error correction procedure
Organizations that are entitled to apply simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting (for example, small businesses), can correct a significant error of the previous reporting year, identified after the approval of the financial statements for this year, in the manner prescribed by paragraph 14 of this year. Provisions for insignificant errors, without retrospective recalculation, namely:
The error of the previous reporting year, which is not significant, detected after the date of the accounting reporting of the accounting statements for this year, is corrected by entries on the relevant accounting accounts in the month of the reporting year, which detected an error. Profit or loss arising from the correction of this error is reflected in other income or costs of the current reporting period 91 "Other income and expenses" account.
Example
In January 2017, after the Reformation of the Balance, signing and submission, the accounting users found an error made in September 2016.
Accounting reports have not yet been approved by the owners of the organization.
As a result, the error is underestimated the amount of expenses for lease of office. The amount of error amounted to 500,000 rubles. In addition, VAT was not reflected from rent in the amount of 90,000 rubles.
This error is recognized as significant.
Debit account 26 "General expenses", credit account -500 000 rub. - Additional rent of rent for September 2015;
Debit account - 500,000 rubles. - debited the amount of previously not recorded rent for September 2015; "Profit and losses" - 500,000 rubles. - The amount of net profit is adjusted.
In the form of "Report on Financial Results" For 2016, the value on line 2120 "Cost of sales" must be increased by 500,000 rubles. And make changes to other form indicators, for example, on strings 2100 "Gross profit (loss)", 2220 "Profit (loss) from sales", etc.
Example
We use the terms of the previous example.
At the same time, assume that the error was revealed in June 2017 after signing, submission and statements.
In this case, in June 2017, the error should be corrected as follows:
Debit account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)", account loan 60 "Calculations with suppliers and contractors" -500 000 rubles. - detached rent for September 2016;
Debit accounts, account credit 60 "Calculations with suppliers and contractors" -90 000 rubles. - Accounting "entrance" VAT for rent for September 2016;
Debit accounts "Calculations with the budget for taxes and fees", subaccount "Calculations on VAT", credit account 19 "Value Added Tax on Acquired Values" -90 000 rubles. - adopted to deduct from the budget of VAT for rent for September 2016;
In this case, the reporting for 2016 is not adjusted.
It will be recalculated (changed) the net profit rate for 2017 (retrospective recalculation) on line 1370 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss) of the balance sheet for 2017 and on line 2400" Net profit (loss) "of the 2017 financial statement report.
Information regarding essential errors in the explanatory note
In an explanatory note, the organization is obliged to disclose the following information regarding significant errors of the previous reporting periods corrected in the reporting period:
1) the nature of the error;
2) the amount of adjustment for each article of accounting - for each previous reporting period to the extent that this is practically feasible;
3) the amount of adjustment according to the data on the basic and divergent profit (loss) per share (if the organization is obliged to disclose information on the profits per share);
4) the amount of the adjustment of the entrance balance of the earliest one of the reporting periods presented (paragraph 15 of PBU 22/2010).
If it is impossible to determine the impact of a significant error on one or more previous reporting periods submitted in the accounting reporting, then the reasons for this are disclosed in an explanatory note to the annual financial statements, and a description of the method of reflecting a significant error in the accounting statements of the organization and indicates the period starting From which corrections are made (paragraph 16 of PBU 22/2010).
Is it possible to adjust the balance (donate balance adjustments)?
Answer
You can apply the balanced balance if the errors are detected before the approval date of annual accounting reporting.
When correcting errors in the reporting, you need to consider a significant error and no and when it is detected before the approval date or after.
Significant errors:
Significant error detected after signing reporting, but before the date of its presentation External users (for example, the founders of the organization, the state authority, etc.), correct it in December of the year, for which the reporting is compiled (i.e., in the same manner as the errors found before the reporting signature).
An essential error can be corrected if it was discovered after the submission of the signed reporting to the owners of the organization or other external users, but before the date of its approval. At the same time, after correcting the error, it is necessary to revise previously compiled reporting, to re-sign it and submit to all users to which it was presented earlier.
There was a significant error detected after the approval of annual reporting,that fix it in the reporting period in which it was found. Adjust the approved reporting do not produce. Changes reflect in current reporting.
In-interest mistakes made in previous reporting periods in all listed cases, correct in the reporting period when they were detected
Regarding the date of approval of annual reporting, the following can be noted.
Approval of the annual financial statements of the joint-stock company, as well as a limited liability company refers exclusively to the competence of the General Meeting of Shareholders (participants).
The general meeting of shareholders, which approves annual accounting reporting, is carried out no earlier than two months and no later than six months after the end of the fiscal year. The general meeting of the participants of the Company, which approves the annual results of the Company's activities, is carried out no earlier than two months and no later than four months after the end of the fiscal year.
The rationale for this position is given below in the materials of the Glavbukh system. "For commercial organizations
Errors identified in accounting and accounting reporting must be corrected ().
Causes of errors
Errors may be due to:
- incorrect application of accounting legislation;
- incorrect application of the organization's accounting policy;
- inaccuracies in calculations;
- incorrect classification (assessment) of the organization's business activities;
- unscrupulous actions of officials.
There are no mistakes in inaccuracies (skip) in the reflection of the economic operation, identified when receiving new information about this operation (which was not available at the time of its reflection (non-recovery) in accounting (reporting)).
Error detected until the end of the year
If the error is detected until the end of the year in which it was performed, correctional records are made in that month of the reporting period, when the error was detected ().
On May 17, 2013, the Accountant of Alpha CJSC discovered that in the first quarter of 2013, the costs of advertising were mistakenly written off in the amount of 25,000 rubles. (without VAT). Whereas in fact the amount of expenses amounted to 23,000 rubles. (without VAT).
The error was made and detected within one year. Therefore, it is necessary to correct it on the same accounts of accounting in that month when it was discovered. In May, the accountant made corrections on the basis of:
Debit 44 credit 60
- 25 000 rubles. - debt is reversed before the supplier;
Debit 90-2 credit 44
- 25 000 rubles. - the costs of the usual activities are reversed;
Debit 44 credit 60
- 23 000 rubles. - reflects debt to the supplier;
Debit 90-2 credit 44
- 23 000 rubles. - Written on the costs of ordinary activities costs for advertising.
On June 22, 2013, the Accountant of Alpha CJSC discovered that in the first quarter of 2013, accrued transport tax was incorrectly reflected. Instead of 210,000 rubles. 180 000 rubles were reflected. There are no error in the tax reporting.
The error was found before the end of the year, therefore it was reflected in the cost of expenses on the usual activities of the reporting period. Corrections in accounting were made on the basis of:
Debit 20 Credit 68 subaccount "Calculations for Transport Tax"
- 30 000 rubles. - reflected detachment of transport tax in the first quarter of 2013.
Error detected after the end of the year, but before signing reporting
If the error was detected after the end of the year, but before the reporting date, correctional records need to be made in December of the year for which reporting is compiled ().
Error detected after signing reporting
The procedure for correcting errors detected after signing reporting depends on whether the error is allowed or not.
The error threshold is entitled to determine independently, (,). For example, in accounting policies, you can register a material threshold like this: "An error is significant, the ratio of the amount of which to the outcome of the relevant data for the reporting year is at least 5 percent." *
If a significant error is detected after signing reporting, but before the date of its submission to external users (for example, the founders of the organization, the state authority, etc.), correct it in December of the year, for which the reporting is compiled (i.e., in the same manner As errors found before signing reporting).
In a similar order, a significant error can be corrected if it was detected after the submission of the signed reporting to the owners of the organization or other external users, but before the date of its approval. At the same time, after correcting the error, it is necessary to revise previously compiled reporting, to re-sign it and submit to all users to which it was presented earlier. In the revised reporting, it is necessary to indicate that this reporting replaces the originally presented, as well as bring the basis for re-execution. *
Such an order follows from items, PBU 22/2010.
If a significant error was detected after the approval of annual reporting, then correct it in the reporting period in which it was found. Adjust the approved reporting do not produce. Changes reflect in current reporting. Such rules are established for accounting and reporting and PBUs 22/2010. *
Inticient errors made in previous reporting periods, in all listed cases, correct in the reporting period when they were detected (). *
In accounting, the order of reflection of errors found after the signing of reporting depends on which an error is allowed - or.
Significant errors correct in the following order.
Errors detected before approval of annual reporting using appropriate cost accounting accounts, income, calculations, etc.
When identifying significant errors after approval of annual reporting using "retained earnings (uncovered loss)" ().
If, as a result of the error, the accountant did not reflect any income (overestimated the amount of the flow rate) in accounting and tax accounting, make wiring:
Debit 62 (76, 02 ...) Credit 84
- detected mistakenly not reflected income (excessive consumption) last year;
Debit 84 Credit 68 subaccount "Profit Tax"
- Additional tax on the profit of last year on a refined declaration.
If, as a result of the error, the accountant did not reflect any expense (overwhelmed the amount of income) in accounting and tax accounting, make an entry:
Debit 84 Credit 60 (76, 02 ...)
- Revealed mistakenly not reflected expense (excessive revenue) last year.
Further postings depend on how this.
1. If an accountant submits a refined tax declaration for the period when the error is allowed (i.e. last year), then make an entry:
Debit 68 subaccount "Income Tax" Credit 84
- reduced tax on the profit of last year on a refined declaration.
2. If an accountant corrects a mistake in tax accounting by the current period, then expenses will be increased (revenues) of the current year will be increased. In accounting, make wiring:
Debit 68 subaccount "Profit Tax" Credit 99
- The constant tax asset is reflected due to the fact that expenses are recognized in the tax accounting of the current period (revenues reduced) related to last year.
3. If the accountant decided not to correct the mistake in the tax accounting, the additional records are not made. Because in accounting, the correction of significant errors does not affect the accounts of the financial results of the current period.
Inticient errors in accounting correct us using "Other income and expenses". It does not matter, reporting was approved by the time of identifying an error or not. Such a conclusion follows from PBU 22/2010.
If, as a result of an insignificant error, the accountant did not reflect any income (overestimated the amount of the flow), make the wiring:
Debit 60 (62, 76, 02 ...) Credit 91-1
- Revealed wrong not reflected income (excessive consumption).
If, as a result of a non-existent error, the accountant did not reflect any expense (overestimated the amount of income), make an entry:
Debit 91-2 Credit 02 (10, 41, 60, 62, 76 ...)
- Revealed erroneously not reflected flow (excessive income).
Error allowed by a small enterprise
An example of correction in accounting and reporting of an essential error (overly reflected flow rate) by a small enterprise. The error is allowed last year, the reporting for which is signed and approved
CJSC Alpha is a small enterprise. In March 2013, after the statement of reporting for 2012, the Alpha accountant revealed an error admitted to the first quarter of 2012.
The accounting was reflected the cost of work performed on the act received from the contractor in March 2012, in the amount of 50,000 rubles. (without VAT). In fact, the amount of 40,000 rubles is indicated in the act. (without VAT). The work performed was paid to the Contractor in full (40,000 rubles) in March 2012. Thus, as of December 31, 2012, accounts formed payables in the amount of unnecessarily charged costs - 10,000 rubles.
In the Accounting Policy "Alfa" registered that the significant mistakes of past years identified after the approval of accounting reporting are corrected without retrospective recalculation.
Necessary debt accountant reflected in account as follows.
March 2013:
Debit 60 Credit 91-1
- 10 000 rubles. - Reflects the cost of the contractor's work, erroneously attributed to expenses in the first quarter of 2010.
Since reporting in 2012 has already been approved, corrections in it.
The error correction is reflected in the accounting of the current year, and the tax accounting does not reflect. Since the corrections in tax accounting are made in the error period. In this regard, the Alfa Accountant for income tax for 2012.
PBU 18/02 "Alpha" does not apply, so the differences arising from the discrepancy between accounting and tax accounting data does not reflect on accounts.
A responsibility
Attention: An accounting reporting error is an offense (,) for which tax and administrative responsibility is provided.
Incorrect reflection in the accounting of assets and economic operations is recognized as a gross violation of the rules for conducting income and expenses. Responsibility for it provides for the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
If such a violation was allowed during one tax period, the inspection is entitled to finfing the organization in the amount of 10,000 rubles. If the violation is detected in different tax periods, the size of the fine will increase to 30,000 rubles.
The violation that led to the incline of the tax base will entail a fine of 20 percent of the amount of each unpaid tax, but not less than 40,000 rubles.
At the same time, the head or chief accountant may also be released from administrative responsibility in the following cases:
- if the organization submitted a refined tax declaration (calculation) and surchated taxes and fees, as well as penalties;
- if the organization corrected errors in reporting (for example, submitted revised accounting reporting) before its approval.
Elena Popova, State Counselor of the Tax Service of the Russian Federation I Rank
2.Federal Law dated December 26, 1995 No. 208-FZ
11) approval of annual reporting, annual financial statements, including income reports and losses (profit and loss accounts) of the Company, as well as the distribution of profits (including payment (announcement) of dividends, with the exception of profits distributed as dividends on the results of the first quarter, half of the year, nine months of the fiscal year) and the losses of the Company on the results of the fiscal year; *
Article 47. General Meeting of Shareholders
Annual General Meeting of Shareholders is held within the time limits established by the Company's Charter, but not earlier than two months and no later than six months after the end of the fiscal year. At the annual general meeting of shareholders, issues of election of the Board of Directors (Supervisory Board) of the Company, the Audit Commission (Auditor) of the Company, the approval of the Company's auditor, issues provided for by sub-clause 11 of paragraph 1 of Article 48 of this Federal Law, and may also be solved by other issues related to The competence of the General Meeting of Shareholders. In addition to the annual general meetings of shareholders are extraordinary. *
3.Federal Law on 08.02.1998 No. 14-FZ
Article 33. Competence of the General Assembly of Participants of the Company
6) approval of annual reports and annual balance sheets;
Article 34. Another general meeting of participants of the Company
The next general meeting of the Company's participants is carried out within the time limits defined by the Company's charter, but at least once a year. The next general meeting of the Company's participants is convened by the Executive Body of the Company. The system of society should determine the period for holding the next general meeting of the participants of the Company, on which the annual results of the Company's activities are approved. The specified general meeting of the Company's participants should be carried out no earlier than two months and no later than four months after the end of the fiscal year.
* It is so highlighted a part of the material that will help you take the right decision.