Vegetable storage do-it-yourself ground construction. Build a Vegetable Store Your Own Power: Handicraft From Experts
Vegetable storage - specialized buildings designed for permanent or temporary and fresh root crops. Also, storage facilities are used for processing and sorting crops. This approach allows you to significantly reduce the percentage of losses of root crops and vegetables even at the stage of collection. Modern technologies provide reception, post-harvest preparation, storage and processing of the grown vegetable harvest.
A vegetable store is a separate building or a whole complex that provides storage technology for fruit and vegetable products. The capacity of a vegetable storehouse ranges from 20 m 3 for self-built structures on a personal plot, up to 10 thousand tons for buildings agro-industrial complex... At the same time, in order to officially provide storage services for fruit and vegetable products, you need to be a private entrepreneur or owner of a company.
The government and the banking sector offer lending programs for storage and processing complexes for agricultural products while drawing up a convincing business plan. A building permit is issued after the completion of the project and obtaining the necessary approvals.
Vegetable storehouses are divided:
- by the type of vegetables,
- by microclimate,
- storage method,
- by appointment.
Buildings can be specialized, for one vegetable crop, or universal, for products with similar microclimate requirements. For storing vegetables, potatoes and fruits, various modes are created:
- artificial cooling and humidification,
- active ventilation,
- technological heating,
- maintaining humidity,
- regulation of the gas composition.
Comparison of various technological and design solutions will help determine an economically viable direction for business development.
Vegetable storages differ in the way agricultural products are stored - in containers or in bulk. The latter method is also known as bulk storage. Its advantages are as follows:
- this method does not require packaging costs;
- the internal volume of the room is used by 70%.
Such storages also have disadvantages:
- vegetables stored in bulk have greater percentage mechanical damage (it is difficult to select and remove damaged fruits from the total mass in time);
- it is necessary to purchase special equipment for unloading in bulk;
When storing large volumes (up to 5 meters high) in piles and in bulk, the structure of the outer walls of the building is subjected to lateral pressure, therefore, it requires reinforcement. Ventilation of vegetables is organized through underground or floor semicircular ducts - an active ventilation method.
The advantages of storing vegetables in containers include:
- optimal ventilation of products;
- the ability to control damaged fruits;
- the ability to quickly move containers by means of small mechanization;
At the same time, storage of containers requires space, and the costs of purchasing it also increase; containers must be disinfected before each new batch of products. These are the disadvantages of this method.
The vegetable store is classified by functional purpose:
- preserve and process the grown crop;
- save seeds;
- preserve and process feed or non-standard products.
Structures are also divided into above-ground and underground (buried). Above-ground vegetable storage is erected with wood, brick or expanded clay concrete blocks. Metal arched hangars and frame structures are especially popular today.
For small volumes of crops grown on a personal plot or farm, it is easy to build a vegetable store with your own hands. The advantage of an above-ground structure is that it can be built on an area with a high groundwater level.
Typical vegetable storage projects
The growth of agricultural products is developing the processing industry and the storage system. Vegetable storage is becoming a profitable investment. At the same time, the use of standard projects speeds up and reduces the cost of construction.
A typical project means ready-made documentation necessary for the construction of a hangar - a drawing reflecting the plan in three projections, an estimate of consumables and work, technical drawings for connecting communications. So the project can include explanatory note, which tells in detail everything about the features of the construction and operation of a vegetable store.
From a typical project, you can find out the following information:
- storage capacity,
- type of foundation,
- the type of structures used (metal frame, arches, wooden frame, brick or aerated concrete),
- type of snow and wind protection,
- type of roof and its slope, type of roofing material,
- method of heat and waterproofing of the roof,
- way of finishing and insulation of walls,
- the presence and location of internal partitions,
- the presence of windows, doors and gates,
- type of ventilation.
Maintaining required parameters microclimate in typical vegetable storage projects is provided by engineering solutions:
- cold supply,
- active ventilation with a suction system,
- active ventilation with a blowing system,
- ventilation with controlled atmosphere,
- active ventilation system for bulk storage.
The project package also includes a volume with a remote monitoring system. engineering systems and control of the internal gas environment of vegetable storage chambers.
When working with standard projects, there is also the option of adapting standard solutions to the individual characteristics of objects. So, for example, several typical vegetable storage hangars can be combined into a single network like a "spider", thus forming a sorting center and storage areas for various root crops.
DIY step-by-step instructions for building vegetable stores
Owners of private houses on their plots equip small above-ground vegetable stores or recessed options. The easiest way to store vegetables is to build a cellar. It is often built under a cottage or garage to save space and ease of use.
Building a vegetable store with your own hands on a dry, elevated area with sandy soil will increase the life of the building. Hence, it is important to consider the following rules:
- If on the site clay soil, drainage is arranged around the perimeter of the foundation to protect the room from moisture.
- The groundwater level should be half a meter below the floor structure.
- The root system of plants located near the construction site will not be damaged and will not destroy the future foundation if the distance from trees is 5 meters, from shrubs - 2 meters.
- It is more convenient to organize the entrance to the cellar under the house or garage through the hatch on the first floor.
- In the cellar, which stands separately, they pull out a descent with a staircase and an entrance through a door, preferably from the north side of the building.
The stages of building a small storage for vegetables and root crops include the following steps:
Wall corner
The pit walls are made at an angle between the direction of the slope and the horizontal at 45˚. The dimensions of the pit are determined by the internal dimensions of the room and the thickness of the outer walls. The minimum dimensions are 2.0m depth, 2.5m width, 4.0m length. Between the edge of the outer wall of the cellar and the pit, half a meter is left for filling compacted soil, expanded clay and installing a blind area after stage No. 3.
Sealing
The bottom and walls of the pit are compacted. The soil in front of the base device in the vegetable store is covered with crushed stone 30 mm thick and poured with a concrete screed of about 60 mm. The foundation in the vegetable store is cast from monolithic concrete with reinforcement, then a layer of expanded polystyrene is laid under the floors and the insulation is protected with polyethylene or an analogue of roofing material. The next concrete layer 0.1 m thick takes the load from the equipment and people in the room. Under significant loads, it is reinforced with metal meshes. The final floor covering is made of ceramic tiles or cement-sand screed. The thickness of expanded clay, when used as a heater, should reach 0.4m, which is 4 times more than the thickness of expanded polystyrene.
Brick
Concrete or clay bricks are used as walls. Foam concrete blocks and sand-lime bricks quickly collapse underground, because they absorb water well and are not recommended for use in basements and underground. Even ceramic bricks and concrete blocks are waterproofed and insulated.
Overlapping
Overlappings over the cellar are made of wooden structures or concrete. According to the first option, wooden beams are installed on the walls, then wooden floor elements and roll waterproofing are laid on them. The finished roof is covered with earth. This design requires regular treatment with antiseptics, especially in wet soils. A concrete floor is more expensive but lasts longer. For its manufacture, reinforcing meshes are laid on plywood sheets used as formwork and poured with concrete 0.12 m thick at minimum dimensions cellars.
The entrance to the storage is made in the form of a hatch in the ceiling of the first floor. The vegetable store, located separately on the site, provides for a descent into the basement with a canopy. It is better to make the steps of the stairs from concrete with wooden formwork.
Roof
The roof of the structure is arranged on a concrete or wooden covering with a slope towards the drainage of rainwater. A layer of waterproofing, expanded polystyrene is laid on the base and poured with a concrete screed. The top layer of a roofing carpet is any material, an analogue of roofing material, is laid on a bitumen impregnation on concrete and covered with high-quality soil.
Finishing
The internal surfaces of the room and the ceiling are rubbed with lime mortar or plastered with cement mortar over a plaster grid. Then they are whitewashed with slaked lime or acrylic paints. This finish is used to combat mold and create a microclimate for storing vegetables.
To get the result quickly and with good quality, professionals need to be involved in the construction of the cellar. So popular today are storage hangars. These are prefabricated buildings that do not have a frame. Their walls and roof are an extension of each other, and all the work on the production and assembly of such a structure takes an average of 3 weeks.
Such storage does not require digging a pit or foundation. Profiled steel arches are fabricated on site, and the finishes provide an inexpensive solution for temporary storage or processing of crops, or a fully functional building for year-round use.
What equipment do you need for storage?
The operation of the vegetable store is possible after the installation of engineering systems, the installation of racks and the arrangement of bins for storing potatoes and other vegetables. The elementary ventilation system of the cellar consists of two plastic pipes. Outside air enters the building through the first pipe. The lower end of the supply duct rises half a meter above the floor. The lower edge of the second pipe does not reach the overlap by 0.15 m. The inflow and exhaust are led out above the roof by 0.3 m. To prevent rain and snow from falling into the room, umbrellas and insect nets are installed above the pipes.
A vegetable storehouse with large volumes of bulk products is equipped with active ventilation systems with floor or buried channels.
The material of the outdoor air ducts should be lightweight and can withstand the loads from the vegetables placed on top. The ventilation ducts are made of perforated galvanized steel or painted to avoid corrosion in humid environments.
In the vegetable store, underground ventilation ducts take the load from the poured products and technological transport. Therefore, ducts should be made of durable materials such as concrete or mud bricks and should be insulated when passing next to the outer walls.
Further maintenance and operation
Before the next season, the vegetable store must be cleaned, disinfected, ventilated; then you should check the operation of engineering systems of ventilation, electricity, automation. If the air humidity rises in summer, the height of the chimney must be adjusted for forced ventilation.
It is convenient to store products in bins - stationary compartments for storing vegetables, or in containers and boxes - mobile containers. For each compartment or box, you can purchase a thermostat or thermostat that provides a temperature regime; equipment for cooling and heating systems. Power requirements depend on room volume and temperature.
The list of equipment that allows you to control the microclimate:
- fans for condensate drainage and air flow,
- temperature and humidity sensors,
- floor ventilation ducts,
- control center system unit,
- ventilation units for supply and exhaust ventilation.
A cellar will help to save the harvest - an industrial hangar or building a vegetable store with your own hands. If the harvest is large, special buildings and technologies are needed. storage of fruit and vegetable products is easier and more economical to build than many other options.
How to build a vegetable store with your own hands - it is better to get advice from experts. Under the hangar, a shallow foundation is made from bored piles and a band grillage along the perimeter. Foundation design can be adjusted upon receipt of data geological surveys plot. Arched structures made of profiled galvanized panels with a thickness of 1.2 mm are installed on the foundation. These panels are made with a width of 1.5 m with a roll forming machine directly on construction site... Arches raised by a crane are connected by a rolling method. When insulating hangars, rigid polyurethane foam is used. It protects metal walls from corrosion and has a low thermal conductivity. Thermal properties of masonry from sand-lime brick one meter wide are the same as 3 cm thick polyurethane foam. Square meter such a vegetable store will cost from 4 to 6 thousand rubles. The use of microclimate control systems and advanced solutions in the field of automation will increase labor productivity in farms and make a profit.
The harvest harvested during the season must be stored somewhere so that it does not deteriorate, does not lose its usefulness and survive the long winter. The gardener on the site just needs to build a good and reliable room for storing vegetables, fruits, preservation, pickles. How to build a vegetable store with your own hands has its own secrets. Experienced gardeners and hobby gardeners willingly share their knowledge. It is important to approach construction responsibly and competently draw up a drawing, thinking over every detail.
Which vegetable storage is better - above ground or underground
The inside of the vegetable storage should be moderately cool, ideally from 0 to +5 degrees, slight deviations from the norm are allowed, and dry. The humidity in the vegetable store is a very important indicator, therefore, it is recommended to think over the ventilation system before construction.
Having set a goal, it is necessary to immediately decide whether the building will be above-ground or underground. You should analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each building, calculate the budget and draw up a clear drawing.
Gardeners like to equip the underground cellar more. The main advantages of such a storage:
- it is easy to build a room without any construction experience;
- you will need a little money to purchase materials;
- with proper care, a long service life;
- it is easier to establish the desired temperature regime, organize and control ventilation;
- easy to make areas for storing vegetables in bulk;
- the ground part (provided that a reliable roof is made) can be used for economic purposes or decorated.
If the storage is underground, it is required to periodically decontaminate it from the inside so that microorganisms that are deep in the ground do not penetrate and destroy the stored crop, ventilate it.
If it is not possible to acquire a deep cellar, a ground storage facility is built. It can be wooden, brick, block. Difficulties in how to build a ground vegetable storage with your own hands will not arise. Materials must be treated with antiseptics, and also think over how to protect the building from moisture.
Above-ground storage, as opposed to underground storage, can be built in a place where groundwater is located close to the surface. But in regions with harsh winters, it makes no sense to build such a building. No matter how well the building is insulated, the harvest will not overwinter.
Independent construction of an underground vegetable store
The gardener will be able to build an underground vegetable storehouse in the country house with his own hands without the help of professional builders, relying on the advice of experienced ones. It is important to decide from what materials the idea will be implemented, find a good place and carry out a phased construction, clearly following the instructions.
The safety of the crop and the service life of the building directly depend on where the cellar will be erected. It is better to highlight an elevated area with sandstone. When choosing a place to build a vegetable storage, you should pay attention to the following:
- soil composition, clay and dense soil will not work;
- location, depth of groundwater - if you build close to them, then you can forget about storing the crop, and the cellar will quickly collapse;
- the pit cannot be dug if trees with a well-developed root system grow nearby.
They say that any time of the year is suitable for the construction of suburban utility rooms. But building an underground vegetable store with your own hands is a serious exception. The season chosen for the project is of no small importance. Groundwater tends to rise from autumn to spring. Therefore, only summer and early dry autumn are considered favorable periods for construction.
Having decided on the place, it is necessary to mark, according to the drawing, the territory for the future construction and only after that start digging the foundation pit. If you plan to build a large storage facility for the harvest, it is better to hire a technician; you can actually prepare a pit for a small cellar with a shovel in your hands yourself.
It should be remembered that the excavator greatly loosens the earth during operation, and this will inevitably lead to shedding of the walls. With a shovel, it will turn out to dig a hole more accurately and more reliably. It is desirable that it turns out to be rectangular, with even corners. The depth should be at least 1 m for the main cellar, plus 0.8 m for the pit, which will serve as a place for organizing sites for the bins.
How to make a solid, durable storage base
When the pit is prepared, the corners are leveled, you can tackle the base. The following tips on how to make a vegetable storage correctly will be useful to everyone who is engaged in summer cottage construction for the first time. For those who have a site located in a warm region, it is best to make the floor in an underground storage monolithic, mixing cement with sand in a 1: 3 ratio, and do not forget about waterproofing.
The basis for the underground storage is made as follows.
- Having retreated from the edge of the pit the distance allotted for the construction of the walls, lay out the formwork for the future foundation in the pit.
- Pour and level a layer (5-15 cm) of sand along the entire perimeter to the bottom, tamp well.
- Cover it with any waterproofing material (roofing material is perfect for this).
- Having prepared the cement mortar, pour it into the formwork and, after waiting for complete drying, continue the construction of the vegetable store.
The concrete floor is considered the most reliable. But in such a cellar, you will have to constantly monitor the humidity and monitor the temperature.
An alternative option is to make the floor from wood.
- Align and compact the bottom of the pit.
- Lay the waterproofing material so that it protrudes beyond the territory of future walls.
- Install logs, insulation, and lay boards on top.
The floor of the vegetable store is ready, you can begin to build walls and organize ventilation.
During construction, be sure to take care of the ventilation system. If the cellar is small, it can be organized using ordinary plastic pipes (2 pieces) intended for the riser. Important: in the spring and before storing the crop, the ventilation pipes must be cleaned of dust, cobwebs and dirt.
It is very easy to make simple ventilation in a vegetable store.
- At a distance of 40-50 cm from the floor in one wall, install the first pipe through which air will be drawn into the room from the outside, and the second pipe from the opposite wall at a distance of 10-15 cm from the ceiling.
- Bring the ends of the pipes up to the outside, not bringing them to the roof by 30 cm.
- Put a mesh on the pipe rims so that insects do not get into the cellar, and make special fungi-coverings from the rain.
Those who have already learned in practice how to properly make a vegetable store and have managed to build a cellar in the country do not recommend using reinforced concrete for the construction of walls. Otherwise, the room will be very damp, you cannot protect yourself from pathogenic bacteria, and the harvest will be lost without waiting for winter. It is dangerous for a person to be in such a room. Cinder block is also not advised to use.
The walls of the vegetable store are often made of baked bricks; wood can be used. It is recommended to lay out no more than 7 brick rows per day, be sure to check the level of evenness of the masonry. The height of the rows should correspond to the top of the excavation. Outside, the structure is protected with roofing material planted on bitumen. It is important to process all the joints, and wipe the seams inside.
The overlap is done in two ways. If a concrete ceiling is planned, then three stages must be followed:
- Lay the beams on top of the walls, lay the mesh on them.
- Inside the vegetable store, attach plywood sheets and insulation to the ceiling.
- Pour concrete solution and wait until it dries completely.
A wooden ceiling is made a little differently. First, beams are laid, logs on top, and roofing felt sheets on them.
Erection of a roof is an important step in how to build a vegetable store, especially if the cellar is not located in any room. It can be made sloping or in the shape of a house. It is important that there are no cracks in the roof, otherwise the cellar will be constantly damp and too cold in winter. Everything is done in several stages.
- Lay three rows of bricks so that each row protrudes slightly.
- Cover with roofing material.
- Cover with any insulating materials, for example, expanded clay.
- Cover the protrusions and crevices with clay mixed with straw.
- Make a screed, put roofing material on the bitumen.
Final work in the vegetable store and arrangement
Very soon you will be able to admire your new handmade underground vegetable storage. It remains to equip the entrance. To do this, they usually install a door and descend the steps or make a hatch with a portable metal ladder. The second option is not very convenient, it is inconvenient, laborious and difficult to take out vegetables while climbing the stairs. Better to build stationary concrete steps.
If the underground storage is an independent building, you should definitely consider protecting the entrance from rain by installing a visor and a drain system above the door. When the construction is over, you can start the arrangement. The walls need to be plastered, whitewashed. It remains to attach shelves, install racks, equip bins for storing vegetables in bulk.
For those who do not have the opportunity to build an underground cellar, it will be useful and interesting to learn how to make an above-ground vegetable store so that it turns out to be reliable and practical. A large building is not worth building if you do not plan to preserve food on an industrial scale. It is better to implement our plans in the summer, while the groundwater is deep underground.
First, the foundation is made, and then the frame and walls are erected. For the construction of a ground storage facility, all work is carried out in a clear sequence:
- Mark the place reserved for the building. Dig out and remove about 30-40 cm of the soil layer for the base of the cellar, tamp.
- First pour 10 cm thick drainage (sand, crushed stone, gravel is suitable), cover it with 15 cm of clay layer.
- Lay out the brick tightly over the entire surface. The base for the vegetable store is ready.
- Along the perimeter, 30 cm in height, lay brick walls on a clay-lime mortar.
- Make a frame, double walls and a ceiling from the boards. The space between the double wooden elements must be filled with insulation. It can be expanded clay, sawdust, moss, but not mineral wool.
- Close the outer side of the ground building tightly with roofing felt tapes.
- Make double doors with insulation inside.
- Install a pipe with a diameter of 12 cm for ventilation near the doorway.
- Run a roof from slate sheets or roofing material.
After completing the construction of an above-ground vegetable store with wooden walls, you can do the interior decoration. To use the usable space to the fullest, you should install racks, shelves and allocate space for storing bulk vegetables.
In order for the vegetable storehouse built with your own hands in the country house to serve for a long time, and vegetables, fruits and other products not to deteriorate until spring, the room should be properly looked after. Experienced summer residents are advised to carry out sanitary work in the building twice a year.
Before harvesting a new one from a vegetable store, last year's harvest must be taken out. In the summer, it is recommended to dry the room, ventilate it well, and also vigilantly monitor the state of the ventilation system and periodically clean the pipes, check the integrity of the roof.
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Construction of a vegetable storage summer cottage can be very difficult if there is a high level of groundwater in the area. In this case, a reasonable solution would be to make a cellar without burying it in the ground. A ground vegetable storage can be built on any soil and in any area, regardless of the region. In such a cellar, vegetables can be stored for as long as in traditional underground storage facilities, but this is possible only if the construction technology and the sequence of the process are observed.
Sand cushion and foundation
An underground cellar can be made only on dry or relatively dry ground, in an area where the groundwater level is located 200–250 cm from the earth's surface. Under any other conditions, it is recommended to build ground structures in which it is also possible to achieve the optimal temperature for storing vegetables of 2-4 degrees Celsius.
The basis of any such structure is quality foundation... But, before building it, you need to prepare a simple drainage bed. Construction is done by hand in the following order:
- The first step is to make a markup on the site. After it is determined where the vegetable store will be located, a hole is dug under its base, for example, with the following dimensions: 2.5x1.8x0.4 m. This storage size is quite enough for storing a large number of vegetables.
- Then the bottom and walls of the pit need to be insulated with heat. insulating materials... It is best to use expanded polystyrene in the form of slabs that are easy to install. At this stage, packaging foam can also be used as insulation, but to ensure effective thermal insulation, it will need to be wrapped with rolled roofing felt.
- Further, the pit is covered with a layer of sand 15–20 cm thick.
- At the next stage, the waterproofing layer is laid. To do this, put a couple of layers of roofing material or polyethylene film on a sand pillow. After that, everything is again covered with sand.
- In conclusion, you need to make the foundation itself, on which the design of the vegetable store will rely. Since the structure is relatively small and light (we will be building from wood), a wide variety of materials can be used here. You can make formwork and pour the tape, or use concrete blocks or pillars. In the latter cases, total number supports must be determined depending on the type of beams used for the lower strapping of the structure. And between the supports, it is necessary to maintain a distance of 60–70 cm and no more. It is recommended to fill all the free space between the supports with heat-insulating material (foam is perfect). Of course, it should be said that the most reliable base will be a monolithic reinforced slab, however, this option will also be the most costly.
The construction of a vegetable storehouse, not buried in the ground, allows you to use many Construction Materials, the use of which in the construction of an underground cellar is prohibited. The main requirement for materials is their strength characteristics.
Frame made of wood
A ground vegetable store must have a quality frame made of durable and proven materials. At this stage, you can use wooden squirrels with a section of 10x5.5 cm.
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One of the options for building a ground storage for vegetables and harvesting.
The design of the storage facility we are considering provides for the presence of one vertical wall located at the end part, as well as three inclined ones. The walls should be double to ensure good insulation of the room. It is recommended to leave a small gap of 5–6 cm between the inner and outer parts of the walls and fill in insulation, or lay a layer of thermal insulation during the construction phase.
- The first stage in the construction of the frame is the external and internal strapping.
- Further, vertical posts, the ceiling of the vestibule for the front wall, auxiliary posts, which are necessary to support the floor beams, are mounted. Installation of floor beams and inclined struts of the inner and outer walls is in progress.
- The cladding of the structure should start from the interior walls. Old boards in good condition can be used here, which, in most cases, are suitable for use in conditions of temperatures close to zero and relatively high humidity. The main thing is that there is no mold on them.
- This cladding on the outside should be protected with a roll-on waterproofer. The rolls are fastened with an overlap, overlapping each other by about 10-15 cm. The lower part of the material should be placed on foam plastic and fixed with wooden battens.
- Then the outer wall is trimmed with boards, an inclined gutter is fixed along the lower segment of the wall, which is necessary to drain water.
- It is necessary to fill in the space between the outer and inner parts of the walls with heat-insulating material, which must be well compacted during installation. It is recommended to make the thermal insulation layer thicker on the ceiling.
An above-ground vegetable store should have a roof that will be similar in shape to a truncated pyramid. From above it is required to put waterproofing in several layers. Fastening is done on mastic. The rolls are overlapped again. The joints of the rolls must be additionally coated with mastic.
Ventilation system
Ventilation issues in any cellar are among the most important. A ground vegetable storage also needs high-quality ventilation.
- First you need to mount a ventilation pipe under the door.
- The hood is made of two pipes, one of them will be installed on the back wall, passing through the roof and ceiling, and the other must be mounted on the roof. Hoods can be made of any material - asbestos cement or plastic. In case of severe frosts in winter, it is best to close the hoods with straw so that the heat does not leave the cellar. Also, ventilation in the cellar can be forced. If you have some experience with your own hands, it is quite simple to do it.
The door to the vegetable store must be insulated, like the rest of the room. To do this, you can use foam plates or felt; it is recommended to lay a layer of plywood on the insulation for protection. The door can be made by hand or purchased in the store.
Inside, the cellar can be equipped as the owner desires: racks, boxes, boxes, etc. The interior of the room does not need additional insulation. However, if severe frosts are observed in your area in winter, then you can insure yourself and insulate the room with your own hands from the inside with an additional layer of foam or mineral wool. It is also not worth overdoing it with heat-insulating material - these are unnecessary costs that will not lead to something better.
Do-it-yourself roofing material laid on the walls will perfectly protect the room from moisture penetration. In addition, due to the above-ground location of the vegetable store, it will not be at all afraid of floods, groundwater, and top water. At the same time, it is recommended to make the simplest drainage system with your own hands, which will drain moisture away from the base and walls of the cellar.
Features of operation
The ground vegetable storage is quite simple to operate, does not need complex maintenance, and large reserves of vegetables are perfectly stored in it.
Before storing food, it is recommended to thoroughly ventilate the room and dry it after summer. In addition, if possible, ventilation in the winter should be carried out as often as possible. During storage, vegetables will emit a lot of moisture, which natural ventilation may not be able to cope with.
Systematically, all wooden elements of the cellar should be handled with antiseptic and moisture-proof compounds with their own hands. Otherwise, after a few years, they will come into complete disrepair and rot. In addition, protection from rodents and insects is required.
From above, the ground cellar can be covered with soil or turf, which will not only provide additional protection against the penetration of sedimentary waters and the optimal temperature inside the room, but also give the structure a natural aesthetic appearance.
A ground vegetable storage can be completely built with your own hands - there is no need for the help of professionals at any of the stages. In addition, you can independently choose the most suitable materials for construction, based on your wishes and capabilities. The main thing is not to forget about the high-quality heat and waterproofing of the room - this is exactly what you can spend most of your free funds.
Do-it-yourself vegetable store - building instructions!
In the warm season, many owners of private plots take titanic diligence to grow a good harvest that provides food for their families in winter. Therefore, it is so important to keep fruits, berries, vegetables throughout the year. It is this function that the vegetable store performs. For servicing 1-2 small areas, it is quite possible to do it yourself.
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DIY vegetable store
What is a vegetable store
Vegetable storage is a small reservoir in which certain conditions must be maintained for the safety of products. Each culture has its own limits for the parameters of the environment in the cellar, but on average, the climate in the vegetable store should correspond to the indicators described below.
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What is a vegetable store
- Humidity can range from 75 to 95%. Apples and pears require the highest moisture content, for garlic this figure should not exceed 80%.
- The temperature should not fall below -1, but also not rise above +5, optimally - from 1 to 3 degrees Celsius.
The humidity and temperature conditions can be regulated, including good ventilation. Therefore, special attention is paid to the arrangement of vegetable storage with ventilation.
Vegetable storage options
According to the method of arrangement, all vegetable stores can be divided into 2 types.
- Recessed vegetable stores are more popular among owners of private houses, since such premises have natural thermal insulation and it does not require serious efforts to maintain optimal conditions in them. But in conditions of close occurrence of groundwater, it is impossible to equip such a cellar.
- A ground vegetable storehouse can be made faster, but at the same time, its construction requires the work of professionals and significant material costs. After all, it is much more difficult to create conditions for maintaining the climate in it.
Let's dwell on the instructions of the simplest storage room for crops - a buried cellar.
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Do-it-yourself deepened vegetable store
Most often, there are cellars, arranged in order to save space and ease of use under a house or garage. In this case, it is necessary to take care of the arrangement of the vegetable store even at the stage of building the building.
In any case, for the cellar, you must first choose the right place on the site. It is better to equip a vegetable store in an elevated and dry area.
The best soil is sand. If there is only clay soil on the site, then drainage is arranged around the cellar to protect the vegetable store and products in it from atmospheric moisture. An important condition for the construction of a storage tank is the groundwater level, which must be at least 50 cm below the bottom of the vegetable store.
It is also important that there are no trees and bushes nearby. Firstly, during the preparation of the pit, the root system can be damaged. Secondly, the roots themselves can eventually destroy the walls of the cellar.
In addition, you need to decide on the type of entrance to the cellar. If it comes about storage under the house or with a cellar, then a simple hatch is often provided in the overlap. At a separate cellar, as well as at a vegetable store under the garage, they usually make a smooth descent with steps and a door.
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Vegetable storage in the house
Note! The door to the cellar is installed on the north side, and the roof of such a cellar, if any, should have one or two slopes.
Having chosen a place, they begin the process of building a vegetable store.
Step 1. At the first stage, they begin to dig a pit. The digging process can be provided to special equipment, which will significantly save time. But if you dig the pit manually, then the risk of shedding the walls is much less. To prevent the destruction of the walls of the pit, in some cases it is made in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid.
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At the first stage, they begin to dig a pit
The pit should be such that, in the end, in its place it would be possible to build a vegetable storehouse with a depth of no more than two meters, a width of up to 2.5 m, and a length of about 4 m.There should be about half a meter between the walls of the future cellar and the pit.
Note! The best time for the arrangement of the cellar, it is the middle of summer, because at this time the groundwater level is minimal.
If you plan to make a descent with steps, then a slope is made in the pit wall for the stairs in front of the future entrance.
Step 2. The bottom and walls of the pit are leveled and compacted. To do this, at the bottom of the pit, crushed stone is backfilled with a thickness of about 30 mm and tamped. A concrete screed 60-100 mm thick is poured from above. After drying, a waterproofing layer is laid on the screed in the form of a two-layer roofing material, and more concrete is poured onto it.
Such a concrete floor can only be made in warm regions, otherwise it will get wet, increasing the humidity of the room. Another option is a wooden floor. For its arrangement, the bottom is leveled and waterproofing is laid on it, logs are placed on the waterproofing, and floor boards are laid on the bars. All elements are treated with an antiseptic.
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Construction of a vegetable store
Note! The waterproofing should extend beyond the walls of the future.
Step 3. Lay out the walls of the future cellar with burnt brick or other stone. It is not recommended to take a cinder block. When preparing the walls, check the evenness of the masonry every 2-3 rows using a mounting level. Take your time and quickly line the walls. So that the cement dries out and the masonry does not move under its own weight, no more than 7 rows of bricks should be laid per day.
The height of the walls should reach the upper level of the pit, it all depends on the thickness of the selected floor. The finished walls outside are also covered with a layer of waterproofing in the form of roofing material, planted on bitumen mastic. All joints are carefully processed. Thus, the bottom and side insulation form a single moisture-proof box. From the inside, the seams of the walls are rubbed. At the end, the walls inside the cellar can be plastered.
Step 4. A cellar overlap is made, which should protect the storage from moisture and cold. But it is better that there is a room above the cellar, in the simplest version - a cellar. The overlap can be wooden or concrete.
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Overlapping
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The overlap of the cellar is made, which should protect the storage from moisture and cold
The first option is easier to implement. Beams are first laid on the prepared walls, and beams or logs are laid on them. On top, the layer is covered with waterproofing, for example, roofing material or clay mixed with straw.
Note! All wooden elements must be treated with an antiseptic.
But even a special impregnation does not save the wooden floor from rotting, therefore, they often resort to making the floor from reinforced concrete. For this, beams are first installed on the walls, on which a network of reinforcement is laid on the outside, and on the inside they are covered with plywood sheets treated with antiseptics, supported from the inside by bars.
Note! The beams should rest not only on brick walls, but also on the ground, for which depressions are made in it.
Step 5. Prepare the entrance. The easiest option in execution is a ceiling hatch with a simple staircase. But if the space and funds allow, then it is better to make concrete steps, which are poured using wooden formwork. The next day, the boards are removed, and all cracks and grooves in the surface of the stairs are rubbed. To protect the steps and the entrance, it is better to make a canopy over the latter.
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The lightest option in execution - a hatch in the ceiling with a simple staircase
Step 6. Backfill the gap between the walls of the storehouse and the pit with clay. This is done in portions, so that each layer is thoroughly tamped. The backfill is done up to the uppermost level of the pit.
Step 7. Equip the roof of the cellar if it is not under the room. To do this, along the edges of the ceiling, masonry is made of 2-3 layers of brick in such a way that each upper brick protrudes 1-2 cm above the lower one.
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Entrance to the vegetable store
The overlap surface is covered with roofing material and covered with insulation, for example, expanded clay. This layer should be made in such a way that a ten centimeter slope forms from the center to the edges. The insulation is poured with a screed, onto which roofing material is again covered with bitumen grease. The protrusions around the perimeter are covered with clay.
Inside the cellar, shelves are made on one side, and bins for storing vegetables in bulk on the other. Also, during the construction of a vegetable store, it is necessary to take care of the installation of ventilation.
Cellar ventilation
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Cellar ventilation
For small cellars, the simplest ventilation is used, based on the process of air circulation during the heating process. The system includes 2 pipes, you can take ordinary pipes for a plastic riser. The lower end of one pipe should be no more than half a meter above the floor. This is the supply air duct. Cool air from the outside enters it.
The edge of the second pipe must not extend to the overlap by only 150 mm. The upper sections of the pipes are brought out over the roof of the cellar by 0.3 m, they are protected from rain. In addition, nets are put on the ends of the pipes to prevent insects from entering the cellar.
Maintenance and operation of vegetable storage
In order for the cellar to serve you long enough, keeping fresh products, it is necessary to observe several conditions for its operation.
- At the end of each winter, all remnants of last year's harvest must be removed from the cellar and the floors must be swept.
- Before the start of the storage period, the cellar must be ventilated and checked for the presence of fungi.
- If in warm weather the humidity in the cellar rises, then the chimney is lengthened, increasing ventilation.
- For the frost period, the supply and exhaust pipes are closed with dampers. With the arrival of heat, the dampers are removed.
Video - Cellar ventilation
svoimi-rykami.ru
We build a vegetable store on our site
Every year in the fall, people begin to think about where they will put vegetables, fruits and root vegetables collected from their site. The optimal solution to this issue for homeowners is the construction of vegetable stores in which you can store the crop throughout the year.
It is often very difficult to keep vegetables and fruits in the basement of the house, especially if the room does not have a proper ventilation system. In addition, a basement or cellar is a single room without additional sections, and many vegetables need separate storage.
In a properly made vegetable store, you can store not only vegetables and fruits, but also pickled foods, pickles, and canned food. You should not strive to make a vegetable storehouse as large as possible, since if you are not harvesting vegetables on an industrial scale, a room with an area of 6.5-7 sq.m. will be enough for you.
To solve the problem of joint storage of various fruits, we will consider a vegetable storage device with several sections.
Future storage layout
Building vegetable storage is the right solution for those homeowners who are harvesting good crops from their plot. A large amount of products will not fit in the cellar, and you will have to store all the vegetables in it together.
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Scheme of the device of a vegetable store. The letters designate sections for storing various types of products.
There are eight different compartments in our storage plan. There are three bins in the store, which are great for storing potatoes and other root crops. In addition, jars of pickles can be placed in the same bins. In total, the bins will occupy about 3.5 sq. m area.
There are five special sections in the walls of the vault, which will be slightly smaller than the bins. The first section can be used for winter storage of seeds. The other two sections are suitable for seedlings and flower bulbs. And in the two remaining sections, you can store perishable food.
Construction features
Before you build a vegetable store, you need to think carefully about the work plan. It must include earthworks, hydro and thermal insulation, interior arrangement of the premises, etc. The underground storage must fully comply with building codes that apply to any cellars and basements.
All the work on the construction of this storage facility can be done by hand, so there is no urgent need to seek help from professionals. You can use any technologies and materials, however adhering to the principles of construction specified below.
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For a small storage facility, the pit can be dug manually.
The underground storage must be located in a pit, therefore, without earthworks you won't be able to do it. As a rule, the technology used for construction involves the use of specific waterproofing and heat-insulating materials. You can change the number of compartments in the vegetable store depending on your own wishes and needs.
Construction stages
You can build a vegetable store with your own hands at any time of the year. However, it is best to do this kind of work in the summer months, when the air is dry and the groundwater drops to a minimum level.
The work plan is as follows:
- The first step is to dig a pit with your own hands (the shape can be any, but it is best to make it rectangular). The dimensions of the pit should be 320x240 cm. The depth should be made small - one meter is enough. After that, in the center of the pit, it is necessary to make a so-called pit with dimensions of 320x140 cm, deepening the bottom by one more meter. This pit will serve as the basis for the bins.
- The pit floor must be carefully tamped down and then poured with concrete (the thickness of the concrete layer can vary from 5 to 15 cm, depending on the construction conditions). In general, you can build a vegetable store using any other floor material.
- The technology of building walls involves the use of traditional red brick, although in some cases experts advise installing formwork and making the walls concrete, like the floor.
- An underground vegetable store must be well protected from moisture and temperature extremes, so the use of insulating materials should be thought out in advance.
- The depth of the sections along the perimeter of the storage will be 50 cm, and the height - 80 cm. The overlap can be made of reinforced concrete slabs. If it is not possible to use such slabs, you can perform the overlap on wooden logs.
- The overlap should have five holes for ventilation (there is one hole for each section). In addition, it is necessary to make a sixth hole for the exhaust shaft and provide an opening for arranging an exit to the surface.
- A vestibule or cellar made of bricks or boards is being built over the ceiling. As a rule, a size of 80x80 cm and a height of 90 cm is enough for a vestibule. It should be closed as tightly as possible with a lid or hatch (the lid can be made of wood and edged boards).
- Each section must be equipped with a ventilation pipe that will provide fresh air flow. The diameter of the pipes can be of any size. The upper part of the supply pipes should rise 20-30 cm above the ground level. The pipes can be installed with your own hands, securing them with the help of improvised devices.
- Shelves can be arranged inside the sections.
- The space between the outside of the walls of the storage facility and the walls of the pit should be filled with ordinary sand. It is recommended to cover the overlap with sawdust.
In each section, you can create individual conditions by adjusting the ventilation intensity. This approach will help preserve plant tubers, seedlings, and other foods.
Ventilation system
You can build a vegetable store with your own hands quickly enough, but many have difficulties at the stage of the ventilation system. As mentioned above, each section of the vegetable store must have a separate supply pipe, which will be responsible for the supply of fresh air.
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The simplest version of a damper on a ventilation pipe.
In addition, an exhaust shaft device is mandatory (this is a universal solution for cellars, basements and vegetable stores). As a rule, such a shaft is a 15x15 cm box, which should be located in the annex at a height of about 200 cm.
The air in the vegetable store will circulate constantly due to the difference in heights of the exhaust shaft and ventilation inlet pipes. Practice clearly demonstrates to us that the difference in height should be at least 150 cm, so the installation of an additional vestibule above the vegetable store is the right solution.
An underground vegetable storehouse will necessarily be exposed to moisture and dampness, therefore, it is necessary to regulate the air flow with your own hands using special dampers on each ventilation pipe.
Waterproofing and thermal insulation layer
In a vegetable store, just like in a basement or cellar, it is necessary to make high-quality insulation. If the vegetable store is located under the floor of a house, under a garage or an agricultural building, the work in this case is somewhat simplified, because there is no urgent need to additionally isolate the ceiling.
Experts recommend using expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam as an insulating material. These are modern heat insulators with excellent performance and enviable durability. If it is not possible to hire workers for such thermal insulation, you can do everything yourself using traditional foam or mineral wool.
It is necessary to isolate the vegetable store from water not only from the inside, but also from the outside. It is good if the work on the external waterproofing of the premises was done in advance. For this, various roll-type waterproofing materials can be used. For the inner layer of waterproofing, in turn, it is recommended to use bituminous mastic or its analogs. The composition will penetrate into the microcracks of the wall material, filling them, preventing water from further seeping through the capillaries into the room.
Beautification of an existing cellar or storage from scratch?
It is recommended to build a vegetable storage near your private house if you are harvesting a rich crop that does not fit in the existing cellar, or cannot be stored there for a long time in proper form.
If you have a small area, then there is no urgent need for a large vegetable storage facility. In your cellar, if possible, separate sections for storing fruits and vegetables should be allocated so that they do not deteriorate when interacting with each other.
It is better to build a vegetable store from scratch on a plot near the house. In this case, you will be able to perform high-quality thermal insulation and waterproofing of the room, as well as provide for all the nuances of the placement of racks, shelves and the location of the entrance to the room. The construction of a vegetable store should provide for an aboveground vestibule or cellar.
podvaldoma.ru
Do-it-yourself construction of a vegetable store:
Throughout the warm period, the owners of suburban areas and dachas work in the garden, in the gardens tirelessly. This allows for a bountiful harvest. So that in winter the family can eat various vegetables, fruits and berries, it is necessary to create a special room for their storage. It is quite possible to carry out this process on your own.
The construction of a vegetable store is a responsible undertaking. In this case, it is necessary to take into account all existing norms and rules. Only in this case it will be possible to create a room suitable for long-term storage of food. The advice of experienced builders will help in solving this issue.
Structural features
The construction of a vegetable store (photo is presented below) requires compliance with certain rules. The room in which food will be stored must be characterized by certain parameters. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account which vegetables and fruits will be in the room for a long time.
The cellar should be cool, but not too cool. The ideal temperature should be between +1 and + 3 ° C. It is permissible if the temperature drops to -1 ° C and rises to + 5 ° C. Otherwise, stocks will deteriorate.
You should also pay attention to the required level of humidity in the room. Moreover, this indicator may be different for different products. For example, apples, pears are stored longer with a moisture content of 90-95%. Garlic, on the other hand, will gradually rot under such conditions. It requires a humidity level of 75 to 80%. This indicator allows you to maintain at a given level correct system ventilation.
Varieties
There are two main options for the design of a vegetable store. The storage room can be above ground level or buried. Each case has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Do-it-yourself construction of a ground-based vegetable store (photo is presented below) is much faster. This option is chosen by those owners of private houses, whose groundwater on the site is close to the surface. However, this type of construction requires more special materials. In some cases, you cannot do without the help of a specialist.
Underground vegetable stores are chosen by owners of private houses more often. The cost of creating such an object will be less. It is easier to maintain the optimum level of humidity and temperature inside. Such a room has natural thermal insulation. However, with a close occurrence of groundwater, it is not possible to create such a vegetable store. Also, periodically, its walls must be treated with a special antiseptic.
When and where is it better to start construction?
Do-it-yourself construction of a vegetable store (photo is presented below) is most often done underground. Before starting work, you should consider the recommendations of experienced professionals. They argue that it is necessary to start construction at a certain time of the year. You will also need to choose the right site for the cellar.
Conduct construction works possible only in summer. At this time, groundwater is as far away from the surface as possible. It is also allowed to complete construction work in the first weeks of autumn, when the weather is still quite warm and dry.
It is important to choose the right place for construction. It should be an elevated area. Ideal if the soil is sandy. Dense clay soil is not suitable for creating an in-depth vegetable store. If groundwater comes close to the surface, the products inside the building will deteriorate, and the cellar itself will quickly become unusable. Tall trees with extensive root systems should not grow nearby.
Preparatory process
Having chosen a suitable place for creating a cellar, it is necessary to develop a project for the construction of a vegetable storage. For this, an exact drawing is made, which indicates the dimensions of the future room.
In accordance with the plan, the territory must be marked out. After checking all the dimensions, you can start creating the pit. When choosing the dimensions of the room, it is necessary to take into account the volume of products that will be stored here. If the pit is to be large, it is recommended to hire special equipment (if the conditions of the site permit). So the work will be done faster, with minimal effort and time.
You can dig a small cellar yourself with a shovel. The pit walls must be flat. The base must be carefully tamped. Special equipment makes the soil looser, so the foundation pit will need to be additionally strengthened. Using a shovel, you can create a neat, durable pit. The depth must be at least 1 m.
Base
The technology for the construction of vegetable stores involves the arrangement of a solid foundation. If the cottage is located in a warm region, the floor can be monolithic. To create it, cement is mixed with sand. The optimal proportion is 1: 3. You also need to lay a layer of waterproofing.
A certain distance retreat from the edges of the pit. It corresponds to the thickness of the future walls. Over the entire area of the future cellar, it is necessary to level a layer of sand 5-15 cm thick. A layer of roofing material is lined on its surface. Further, at the bottom of the pit, formwork is made.
After the preparatory work, you need to mix the cement-sand screed. It is poured onto the bottom of the formwork. The layer thickness must be at least 10 cm. The screed must dry. To do this, you will need to wait a few days. Only then can further work be continued. You can make a floor out of wood. But cement screed is considered a more durable material.
Ventilation
Building a vegetable store with your own hands requires the creation of the correct ventilation system. If the cellar room is small, plastic pipes can be used. These are ordinary sewer communications with a diameter of 110 mm. You will need 2 such pipes. In the spring, such ventilation ducts will need to be cleaned from various contaminants.
The first pipe should be at the bottom of the pit. It should be located above ground level at a height of 40 cm. Air will escape from it inside the room. A second pipe is installed on the opposite wall at a distance of 10 cm from the ceiling. From it, moist air will come out of the cellar.
The ends of the ventilation ducts must be led out. They wear special nets. This will prevent insects, rodents from entering the vegetable store, and clogging the canals. Also, fungi are put on the pipes to prevent precipitation from entering.
Walls, ceiling
Carrying out the construction of a vegetable store with your own hands, the construction of internal walls and finishing of the ceiling must be given special attention. You should not use reinforced concrete for this. Such material contributes to the formation of high humidity indoors. Fungus and disease-causing bacteria will quickly destroy the crop.
Brick is best suited for building a cellar. It is a durable material that meets all sanitary and hygienic standards. Laying is done slowly. No more than 7 rows should be mounted per day. The evenness of the masonry is checked using a level. The walls are laid out with a height comparable to the level of the pit.
Outside, the walls must be treated with a waterproofing material. The joints are also treated with bitumen. There should be no cracks, open seams. To make a concrete ceiling, beams are laid out. A grid is laid on them. A plywood sheet, insulation material is mounted on top. All are poured with cement mortar.
Roof
The construction of a vegetable store involves the mandatory construction of a roof. This is an important stage of work. The roof can be in the shape of a house or simply sloping slopes. There should be no gaps in the structure. Otherwise, it will not be possible to maintain the set level of temperature and humidity. It will be too cold in such a room in winter. Rainwater, snow will fall into the cellar.
Above the vegetable store, you need to lay out 3 layers of bricks. A layer of roofing material and a pre-assembled roof frame are mounted on them. For this, boards are used. Slopes can be made from thick chipboard sheets. They are also covered with a layer of waterproofing and insulation. The cracks are coated with clay or other special solution. Insulation can be covered with a special roofing material. This design will be optimal for vegetable storage.
Ground building
If it is not possible to build a buried cellar on the site, you can build a ground vegetable storehouse with your own hands. Construction is also carried out according to the established scheme. It is best if the room is small. This design will be more reliable and stable. She is not afraid of the close proximity of groundwater.
First, a project is also created, a drawing of a future building. Further, the site is marked in accordance with the plan. A deepening is made to create a foundation. You will need to dig a shallow pit. The height of the foundation is about 40 cm. After the soil has been dug out, the foundation must be well tamped.
Further, drainage is equipped. To do this, a layer of sand or gravel (about 10 cm) must be poured onto the bottom of the base. Then the tamped pillow is poured with a 15 cm layer of clay. Brick is laid out over the entire surface. Further along the perimeter, you need to lay out brick walls with a height of about 30 cm.
Erection of a structure
Today, the construction of a vegetable store from sandwich panels is becoming popular. This material allows you to get the job done quickly. Special panels with a layer of insulation between two sheets of fiberboard are installed on a prepared frame. This is a durable building that does not let cold and moisture inside.
Also, ordinary boards can be used for the construction of walls and ceilings. For this, a frame is made. The walls and ceiling must be double. A layer of insulation is laid between them. Better if it is expanded clay, moss, sawdust.
The outside of the wall must be covered with a layer of roofing material. Doors should also be double with a layer of insulation between the two boards. Ventilation must be done inside the building. For this, a pipe is installed near the door. Its diameter should be 120 mm. The roof is assembled from boards. A layer of roofing material, insulation and slate is covered on the frame.
Finishing
The construction of the vegetable store is completed by finishing inside the premises. The walls can be whitewashed. Inside, it is necessary to arrange shelves for storing vegetables, fruits, and preservation. This will allow rational use of space. You will also need to allocate an aviary for storing bulk vegetables. A staircase should also be provided in the cellar.
Attention should be paid to the arrangement of lighting. To do this, you need to bring the wires inside the room. This will allow you to connect the bulbs inside and outside the building.
The building must be properly looked after. In the spring, the ventilation system is cleaned, the walls, the floor are treated with an antiseptic. The old crop must be completely removed from the cellar.
Having considered the features of the construction of a vegetable store, everyone will be able to create such a structure on their own site.
The construction of a vegetable store at a summer cottage can be very difficult if there is a high level of groundwater in the area. In this case, a reasonable solution would be to make a cellar without burying it in the ground. A ground vegetable storage can be built on any soil and in any area, regardless of the region. In such a cellar, vegetables can be stored for as long as in traditional underground storage facilities, but this is possible only if the construction technology and the sequence of the process are observed.
Sand cushion and foundation
An underground cellar can be made only on dry or relatively dry ground, in an area where the groundwater level is located 200–250 cm from the earth's surface. Under any other conditions, it is recommended to build ground structures in which it is also possible to achieve the optimal temperature for storing vegetables of 2-4 degrees Celsius.
The basis of any such structure is a high-quality foundation. But, before building it, you need to prepare a simple drainage bed. Construction is done by hand in the following order:
- The first step is to make a markup on the site. After it is determined where the vegetable store will be located, a hole is dug under its base, for example, with the following dimensions: 2.5x1.8x0.4 m. This storage size is quite enough for storing a large number of vegetables.
- Then the bottom and walls of the pit must be insulated with heat-insulating materials. It is best to use expanded polystyrene in the form of slabs that are easy to install. At this stage, packaging foam can also be used as insulation, but to ensure effective thermal insulation, it will need to be wrapped with rolled roofing felt.
- Further, the pit is covered with a layer of sand 15–20 cm thick.
- At the next stage, the waterproofing layer is laid. To do this, put a couple of layers of roofing material or polyethylene film on a sand pillow. After that, everything is again covered with sand.
- In conclusion, you need to make the foundation itself, on which the design of the vegetable store will rely. Since the structure is relatively small and light (we will be building from wood), a wide variety of materials can be used here. You can make formwork and pour the tape, or use concrete blocks or pillars. In the latter cases, the total number of supports must be determined depending on the type of beams used for the lower strapping of the structure. And between the supports, it is necessary to maintain a distance of 60–70 cm and no more. It is recommended to fill all the free space between the supports with heat-insulating material (foam is perfect). Of course, it should be said that the most reliable base will be a monolithic reinforced slab, however, this option will also be the most costly.
The construction of a vegetable storehouse, not buried in the ground, allows the use of many building materials in work, the use of which is prohibited in the construction of an underground cellar. The main requirement for materials is their strength characteristics.
Frame made of wood
A ground vegetable store must have a quality frame made of durable and proven materials. At this stage, you can use wooden squirrels with a section of 10x5.5 cm.
One of the options for building a ground storage for vegetables and harvesting.
The design of the storage facility we are considering provides for the presence of one vertical wall located at the end part, as well as three inclined ones. The walls should be double to ensure good insulation of the room. It is recommended to leave a small gap of 5–6 cm between the inner and outer parts of the walls and fill in insulation, or lay a layer of thermal insulation during the construction phase.
- The first stage in the construction of the frame is the external and internal strapping.
- Further, vertical posts, the ceiling of the vestibule for the front wall, auxiliary posts, which are necessary to support the floor beams, are mounted. Installation of floor beams and inclined struts of the inner and outer walls is in progress.
- The cladding of the structure should start from the interior walls. Old boards in good condition can be used here, which, in most cases, are suitable for use in conditions of temperatures close to zero and relatively high humidity. The main thing is that there is no mold on them.
- This cladding on the outside should be protected with a roll-on waterproofer. The rolls are fastened with an overlap, overlapping each other by about 10-15 cm. The lower part of the material should be placed on foam plastic and fixed with wooden battens.
- Then the outer wall is trimmed with boards, an inclined gutter is fixed along the lower segment of the wall, which is necessary to drain water.
- It is necessary to fill in the space between the outer and inner parts of the walls with heat-insulating material, which must be well compacted during installation. It is recommended to make the thermal insulation layer thicker on the ceiling.
An above-ground vegetable store should have a roof that will be similar in shape to a truncated pyramid. From above it is required to put waterproofing in several layers. Fastening is done on mastic. The rolls are overlapped again. The joints of the rolls must be additionally coated with mastic.
Ventilation system
Ventilation issues in any cellar are among the most important. A ground vegetable storage also needs high-quality ventilation.
- First you need to mount a ventilation pipe under the door.
- The hood is made of two pipes, one of them will be installed on the back wall, passing through the roof and ceiling, and the other must be mounted on the roof. Hoods can be made of any material - asbestos cement or plastic. In case of severe frosts in winter, it is best to close the hoods with straw so that the heat does not leave the cellar. Also, ventilation in the cellar can be forced. If you have some experience with your own hands, it is quite simple to do it.
The door to the vegetable store must be insulated, like the rest of the room. To do this, you can use foam plates or felt; it is recommended to lay a layer of plywood on the insulation for protection. The door can be made by hand or purchased in the store.
Inside, the cellar can be equipped as the owner desires: racks, boxes, boxes, etc. The interior of the room does not need additional insulation. However, if severe frosts are observed in your area in winter, then you can insure yourself and insulate the room with your own hands from the inside with an additional layer of foam or mineral wool. It is also not worth overdoing it with heat-insulating material - these are unnecessary costs that will not lead to something better.
Do-it-yourself roofing material laid on the walls will perfectly protect the room from moisture penetration. In addition, due to the above-ground location of the vegetable store, it will not be at all afraid of floods, groundwater, and top water. At the same time, it is recommended to make the simplest drainage system with your own hands, which will drain moisture away from the base and walls of the cellar.
Features of operation
The ground vegetable storage is quite simple to operate, does not need complex maintenance, and large reserves of vegetables are perfectly stored in it.
Before storing food, it is recommended to thoroughly ventilate the room and dry it after summer. In addition, if possible, ventilation in the winter should be carried out as often as possible. During storage, vegetables will emit a lot of moisture, which natural ventilation may not be able to cope with.
Systematically, all wooden elements of the cellar should be handled with antiseptic and moisture-proof compounds with their own hands. Otherwise, after a few years, they will come into complete disrepair and rot. In addition, protection from rodents and insects is required.
The top can be covered with soil or turf, which will provide not only additional protection against the penetration of sedimentary waters and the optimal temperature inside the room, but also give the structure a natural aesthetic appearance.
A ground vegetable storage can be completely built with your own hands - there is no need for the help of professionals at any of the stages. In addition, you can independently choose the most suitable materials for construction, based on your wishes and capabilities. The main thing is not to forget about the high-quality heat and waterproofing of the room - this is exactly what you can spend most of your free funds.
Every year in the fall, people begin to think about where they will put vegetables, fruits and root vegetables collected from their site. The optimal solution to this issue for homeowners is the construction of vegetable stores in which you can store the crop throughout the year.
It is often very difficult to keep vegetables and fruits in the basement of the house, especially if the room does not have a proper ventilation system. In addition, a basement or cellar is a single room without additional sections, and many vegetables need separate storage.
In a properly made vegetable store, you can store not only vegetables and fruits, but also pickled foods, pickles, and canned food. You should not strive to make a vegetable storehouse as large as possible, since if you are not harvesting vegetables on an industrial scale, a room with an area of 6.5-7 sq.m. will be enough for you.
To solve the problem of joint storage of various fruits, we will consider a vegetable storage device with several sections.
Future storage layout
Building vegetable storage is the right solution for those homeowners who are harvesting good crops from their plot. A large amount of products will not fit in the cellar, and you will have to store all the vegetables in it together.
Scheme of the device of a vegetable store. The letters designate sections for storing various types of products.
There are eight different compartments in our storage plan. There are three bins in the store, which are great for storing potatoes and other root crops. In addition, jars of pickles can be placed in the same bins. In total, the bins will occupy about 3.5 sq. m area.
There are five special sections in the walls of the vault, which will be slightly smaller than the bins. The first section can be used for winter storage of seeds. The other two sections are suitable for seedlings and flower bulbs. And in the two remaining sections, you can store perishable food.
Construction features
Before you build a vegetable store, you need to think carefully about the work plan. It must include earthworks, hydro and thermal insulation, interior arrangement of the premises, etc. The underground storage must fully comply with building codes that apply to any cellars and basements.
All the work on the construction of this storage facility can be done by hand, so there is no urgent need to seek help from professionals. You can use any technologies and materials, however adhering to the principles of construction specified below.
For a small storage facility, the pit can be dug manually.
The underground storage should be located in a pit, so it will not be possible to do without excavation. As a rule, the technology used for construction involves the use of specific waterproofing and heat-insulating materials. You can change the number of compartments in the vegetable store depending on your own wishes and needs.
Construction stages
You can build a vegetable store with your own hands at any time of the year. However, it is best to do this kind of work in the summer months, when the air is dry and the groundwater drops to a minimum level.
The work plan is as follows:
- The first step is to dig a pit with your own hands (the shape can be any, but it is best to make it rectangular). The dimensions of the pit should be 320x240 cm. The depth should be made small - one meter is enough. After that, in the center of the pit, it is necessary to make a so-called pit with dimensions of 320x140 cm, deepening the bottom by one more meter. This pit will serve as the basis for the bins.
- The pit floor must be carefully tamped down and then poured with concrete (the thickness of the concrete layer can vary from 5 to 15 cm, depending on the construction conditions). In general, you can build a vegetable store using any other floor material.
- The technology of building walls involves the use of traditional red brick, although in some cases experts advise installing formwork and making the walls concrete, like the floor.
- An underground vegetable store must be well protected from moisture and temperature extremes, so the use of insulating materials should be thought out in advance.
- The depth of the sections along the perimeter of the storage will be 50 cm, and the height - 80 cm. The overlap can be made of reinforced concrete slabs. If it is not possible to use such slabs, you can perform the overlap on wooden logs.
- The overlap should have five holes for ventilation (there is one hole for each section). In addition, it is necessary to make a sixth hole for the exhaust shaft and provide an opening for arranging an exit to the surface.
- A vestibule or cellar made of bricks or boards is being built over the ceiling. As a rule, a size of 80x80 cm and a height of 90 cm is enough for a vestibule. It should be closed as tightly as possible with a lid or hatch (the lid can be made of wood and edged boards).
- Each section must be equipped with a ventilation pipe that will provide fresh air flow. The diameter of the pipes can be of any size. The upper part of the supply pipes should rise 20-30 cm above the ground level. The pipes can be installed with your own hands, securing them with the help of improvised devices.
- Shelves can be arranged inside the sections.
- The space between the outside of the walls of the storage facility and the walls of the pit should be filled with ordinary sand. It is recommended to cover the overlap with sawdust.
In each section, you can create individual conditions by adjusting the ventilation intensity. This approach will help preserve plant tubers, seedlings, and other foods.
Ventilation system
You can build a vegetable store with your own hands quickly enough, but many have difficulties at the stage of the ventilation system. As mentioned above, each section of the vegetable store must have a separate supply pipe, which will be responsible for the supply of fresh air.
The simplest version of a damper on a ventilation pipe.
In addition, an exhaust shaft device is mandatory (this is a universal solution for cellars, basements and vegetable stores). As a rule, such a shaft is a 15x15 cm box, which should be located in the annex at a height of about 200 cm.
The air in the vegetable store will circulate constantly due to the difference in heights of the exhaust shaft and ventilation inlet pipes. Practice clearly demonstrates to us that the difference in height should be at least 150 cm, so the installation of an additional vestibule above the vegetable store is the right solution.
An underground vegetable storehouse will necessarily be exposed to moisture and dampness, therefore, it is necessary to regulate the air flow with your own hands using special dampers on each ventilation pipe.
Waterproofing and thermal insulation layer
In a vegetable store, just like in a basement or cellar, it is necessary to make high-quality insulation. If the vegetable store is located under the floor of a house, under a garage or an agricultural building, the work in this case is somewhat simplified, because there is no urgent need to additionally isolate the ceiling.
Experts recommend using expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam as an insulating material. These are modern heat insulators with excellent performance and enviable durability. If it is not possible to hire workers for such thermal insulation, you can do everything yourself using traditional foam or mineral wool.
It is necessary to isolate the vegetable store from water not only from the inside, but also from the outside. It is good if the work on the external waterproofing of the premises was done in advance. For this, various roll-type waterproofing materials can be used. For the inner layer of waterproofing, in turn, it is recommended to use bituminous mastic or its analogs. The composition will penetrate into the microcracks of the wall material, filling them, preventing water from further seeping through the capillaries into the room.
Beautification of an existing cellar or storage from scratch?
It is recommended to build a vegetable storage near your private house if you are harvesting a rich crop that does not fit in the existing cellar, or cannot be stored there for a long time in proper form.
If you have a small area, then there is no urgent need for a large vegetable storage facility. In your cellar, if possible, separate sections for storing fruits and vegetables should be allocated so that they do not deteriorate when interacting with each other.
It is better to build a vegetable store from scratch on a plot near the house. In this case, you will be able to perform high-quality thermal insulation and waterproofing of the room, as well as provide for all the nuances of the placement of racks, shelves and the location of the entrance to the room. The construction of a vegetable store should provide for an aboveground vestibule or cellar.
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