Wiring in a 2-room apartment. Types of redevelopment of apartments, ideas, examples
The modern wiring plan for a two-room apartment differs in many respects from previously used schemes. The fact is that modern loads are simply incommensurable with the loads of the 70s and 80s, when most panel houses were built.
Then the main consumers were a few light bulbs, a TV and sometimes an iron. A modern apartment has a much larger number of electrical appliances and, accordingly, needs other power supply schemes.
open wiring
So:
- Before developing a wiring plan in a two-room apartment, we should decide on its main parameters. One of these is the way it is laid. At the moment, two options are used - open and hidden.
- Open wiring has certain advantages:
- For its laying, there is no need to ditch the walls. That is, you can perform a complete replacement of all wires without subsequent repairs in the entire apartment.
- Open wiring is mounted very quickly. And with the proper skill and availability of working hands, it can be completely mounted in just a day.
- If you need to connect new electrical receivers or perform repairs, you do not need to break the walls.
- Installation of hidden wiring is carried out in special boxes. In this case, the wire in the boxes usually has additional protection in the form of a metal or self-extinguishing corrugated pipe. You can, of course, mount without the use of special boxes, but this option is more suitable for utility rooms and sheds, but not for apartments.
- Branches to sockets and switches are also made using a special box. And the sockets and switches themselves must be designed for an open circuit.
- The wiring diagram in a two-room apartment with its installation in baseboards can also be used. But this method has significant limitations on the number of wires used and is often used only for wiring in separate rooms or for laying to separate electrical receivers.
Hidden wiring
So:
- More common is the wiring diagram in a two-room apartment using hidden wiring. This method has the following advantages:
- Due to the fact that all elements of such wiring are hidden from prying eyes, it has a more attractive appearance.
- Does not take up free space in our already small apartments
- Hidden wiring has higher throughput and overload capacity due to better heat transfer.
- Due to the lower requirements for protection against mechanical damage, the price of the necessary materials is noticeably lower.
- Installation of concealed wiring is carried out directly in the structural elements of your apartment. To do this, small recesses are made in the wall - strobes. Wiring is laid in them, followed by plastering.
- To install sockets, switches and junction boxes, recesses are also made in the wall. Sockets and switches designed specifically for the hidden circuit are then mounted in them.
Calculation and selection of the power supply scheme
Posting calculation
So:
- Before proceeding directly to the calculation of our electrical wiring, we should determine the number of electrical receivers. To do this, it is necessary to accurately determine the number and location of each outlet and lamp. Without this clear plan, further calculations are impossible.
Note! You should not knowingly overstate the number of outlets or lighting you require. You only need outlets that you know exactly what will be plugged into. Installing outlets and lighting networks just in case, greatly increases the cost of your power supply scheme and increases your labor costs.
- Now, having a clear idea of the number of electrical receivers, we can proceed directly to the calculations of the required wire. But the bandwidth of the wires in clause 1.3 of the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules) is indicated in amperes, and the power of all our devices is usually indicated in watts.
- Using Ohm's law, which should be known to everyone from school, we recalculate: where P is the power of the device in Watts (W), U is the voltage of your power supply in volts (V), for a single-phase network, the voltage is 220V, and I - is the current that will flow in the wires in amperes (A).
- Having made a simple calculation, we get that when a device of 1000W is connected, a current of 4.55A will flow in our wire. Our instruction advises to round this value up to 5A to create a certain margin and simplify calculations.
- Now let's move on to wire selection. It can be made of copper or aluminum and is insulated with PVC or rubber. The choice should be made in accordance with clause 1.3 of the EMP. It includes a conductor depending on laying conditions, insulation, humidity and some other parameters.
- But all this is quite complicated and with small loads of the apartment is far from always justified. Therefore, if you are not a design office and do the wiring yourself, we advise you to use the simplified calculation. According to him, a copper wire with a cross section of 1 mm 2 in normal mode passes a current of 10A, and an aluminum wire with the same cross section - 5A.
Selecting a Wiring Diagram
So:
- Having calculated all possible loads, we should divide them into groups. In this case, we will be guided by clause 6.2.2 of the PUE, which states that group lines must be protected by circuit breakers for a current of not more than 25A. At the same time, if you create a separate group for the lighting network, then it is usually equipped with a 16A circuit breaker.
- When dividing the load into groups, the power of consumers should be taken into account separately. These include electrical equipment with a power of 2 kW or more. These are usually heating and heating appliances. If you have any, then they should be powered by a separate machine with the appropriate rated current.
- Without taking into account powerful consumers, your wiring plan for a two-room apartment should have two to three groups. One of which is a lighting network and one or two groups are power outlets.
If you have two groups feeding sockets, then it is advisable to form groups in adjacent rooms. That is, one group feeds sockets in the kitchen and hallway, and the second - in the bedroom and hall.
Note! According to clause 7.1.37 of the PUE, the installation of sockets in the bathroom is allowed only when it is connected through an RCD. If you are installing an outlet in the bathroom, then it is advisable to include it in the group that feeds the kitchen outlets. Indeed, although sockets in the kitchen do not require the mandatory installation of an RCD, this protection device in the kitchen will be most appropriate.
- Separately, I would like to dwell on the cross section of the wires used. For groups with a 25A circuit breaker, the copper wire must have a cross section of at least 2.5 mm 2.
Accordingly, for groups of 16A, at least 1.5 mm 2. But in any case, the cross section of the wire supplying a separate group is not advisable to make more wires on the introductory machine.
One of the tasks of a major overhaul is to make the apartment more comfortable and functional. This is achieved by changing the original layout. The article presents options for redevelopment of apartments of different sizes, different tasks are solved.
Types of redevelopment and their coordination
All types of redevelopment can be divided into several categories. They will differ in the degree of complexity and the number of necessary coordinating documents. There are three such types:
For the last type of redevelopment, documentation will be required: a Work Production Log, drawing up Acts of hidden work. Also, the work is carried out under the control of the organization that compiled the project. Upon completion of the work, the procedure is the same - obtaining the Act and making changes to the BTI.
Redevelopment options for a 1-room apartment
In each case, the requirements of the apartment owners are different. Everyone has a different lifestyle, habits and ideas about comfort. So the options for reworking the same standard project can differ significantly. The most typical ones, which are found in the vast majority of cases, are the unification of a bathroom, sometimes with an increase in its area, the destruction of closets and built-in wardrobes. To these are usually added individual requests that match the needs of the hosts.
Select a bedroom (make a two-room from a one-room)
The most common request for remodeling a one-room apartment is to allocate a bedroom. In some cases this is possible, in others it is difficult. The variant of the redevelopment of the apartment presented in the photo is essentially remodeling a 1-room apartment into a two-room apartment. This happens due to the transfer of a large number of partitions.
We begin to consider the changes from the entrance. The doors to the bathroom have been moved to another wall, the former pantry / closet has been converted into a dressing room. The area of the entrance hall is increased due to the area of the room, it has a space for a spacious dressing room. Previously, there were 4 doors in a small hallway, which made its use extremely inconvenient. In the proposed version of the redevelopment, the functionality of the hallway is much higher.
The partition separating the kitchen has been removed, and the enclosing bedroom has been installed. As a result, we got a kitchen-living room and a separate lounge. To make the kitchen compartment more visible, a small partition has been placed to delimit this area.
The alteration did not touch the exit to the balcony. It can be glazed and insulated, after which it can be attached to the room. (Read more about attaching balconies to that t).
Another way is presented in the following project. The original layout is not entirely successful: the long narrow kitchen is clearly inconvenient.
In the process of redevelopment, it is necessary to remove the partitions separating the living room and the kitchen. Changed the layout of the bathroom. The area was increased due to the kitchen, but there was a place for all plumbing and a washing machine. In the hallway, a small partition was made that encloses the built-in wardrobe.
The living area is separated from the kitchen-dining area by a small partition. The separation is supported by an extended dining area, which is a continuation of the extensive work surface. A window block was installed at the exit to the balcony from the former kitchen. It lets in enough light to illuminate the kitchen.
The bedroom is separated from the living room by a gypsum board partition, the compartment is completed by a translucent sliding radial partition. So that the bedroom is not too small, the loggia is insulated and glazed. The window unit with the window sill was dismantled, and a closet was installed in the formed corner. A workplace is organized at the opposite wall.
And also the layout and its alteration into a three-room apartment. Rather, there are two rooms left, but a studio is formed - a combined kitchen with a dining room. This idea is radical - the kitchen is transferred to the place of the living room. The option can be agreed upon only if an electric stove is installed, as well as the availability of technical capabilities for transferring sewerage and ventilation risers.
In this option, the bathroom is combined, the kitchen is moved to the room, in place of the kitchen - a children's room. The former living room is divided into a bedroom, a significant part of it went to the kitchen. The dressing room was also dismantled - it is also included in the kitchen area. The corridor became larger, which made it possible to make all allocated rooms separate. An ambiguous option, but possible.
Turning into a studio (3 options)
Among young people, the idea of turning a standard apartment into a studio apartment is very popular, in which only a bathroom remains fenced off. Partitions may also be present, partially separating one zone from another. They can be from ceiling to floor, but do not completely cover the entire passage, leaving the space unified.
All that is needed in the first option is to demolish the partition between the kitchen and the room. The kitchen area will be visually finished with different flooring - tiles in the kitchen, laminate in the dining-living room. Also, the separator will be a high table / bar counter, with the back to which the sofa will stand.
Options for redevelopment of apartments in the studio
The second proposed redevelopment method involves the demolition of the partition between the kitchen and the room, as well as the separating hallway from the room. The entrance hall is only slightly marked by a small partition separating the kitchen area. Instead of the demolished walls, it is planned to install a new partition, which goes at an angle. It partially encloses the bedroom area, forming a kitchen area.
And the last proposed project involves changing the shape of the bathroom. A partition is also installed separating the hallway with a built-in wardrobe. In the common space of the studio apartment, the kitchen area is separated by a bar counter, all the rest are formed only by interior solutions.
Highlighting the nursery
With this layout, there is not much choice. Just divide the room with a transparent partition that allows light to pass through.
At the request of the owners, the combined bathroom is divided into a toilet and a bathroom. This was made possible by the destruction of the wall cabinet. The closet facing the room was also removed, the entrance to it was moved. Now he is from the corridor, and not from the kitchen, as it was before. Part of the room is separated from the window by a plasterboard partition with a sliding door. In the nursery there was a place for a built-in wardrobe. The passage room is both the living room and the bedroom of the parents.
Alterations of 2-room apartments
With two-room apartments, there are usually more options: after all, there is more space, so they provide more room for imagination.
Make a three-ruble note out of a kopeck piece
Having a two-room apartment, you often want to turn it into a three-room apartment. In the version proposed below, the distant long and narrow room with a built-in wardrobe is divided into two. Moreover, the partition is made non-linear, which made it possible to organize two wardrobes for storing clothes.
Alterations also affected the bathroom area. It is enlarged by a corridor. The area became almost twice as large, which made it possible to install a washing machine. Since the entrance to the kitchen from the corridor was blocked, it was made from the living room.
A different type of original layout and a different approach. Strictly speaking, there are only two rooms left, but two zones have appeared - a living room and a dining room. As a result, the rooms turned out to be separate and both can be used as bedrooms - one for adults, the other for children. At the same time, the family will have a spacious room where everyone can gather.
The advantage of this plan for remodeling a two-room apartment is that in both rooms it is possible to make wall cabinets.
Another layout option with far spaced rooms. The task is the same: to have three dedicated rooms. If you do not mess with the global transfer of the kitchen and bathroom, then there are two possible options.
In the first case, the partition separating the corridor is removed and the resulting space is divided by partitions (blue) or translucent partitions (green). There is a closet in the back room. The second way is more obvious - they divide a large room into two small ones, dividing the exit to the balcony.
Changing the size of the bathroom and hallway
In many cases, redevelopment concerns the bathroom and hallway. Sometimes the size of the hallway is increased by reducing the bathroom, and vice versa. Such options are shown in the photo below.
There is another good idea in these plans: two separate wall cabinets are converted into one - with an entrance from the hallway.
Resizing rooms
A few more options with a different type of initial layout. All that can be done here with a bathroom is to combine it and thereby use the space more rationally. The main idea of this redevelopment is to remove the "appendicitis" sticking out in the room for no reason.
As you can see, there are two main options - to make the entrance hall larger and the room rectangular or to increase the area of the room, leaving the hallway wall in its original place, but removing the built-in wardrobe and moving the partition of another room. In the second option, it will be possible to arrange a decent-sized dressing room or make two built-in wardrobes - one with an entrance from the hallway, the other - from the room.
Redevelopment of three-room
As in other 3-room apartments, the main idea is to increase or combine the bathroom, more rational use of the available space. Specific solutions depend on the wishes of the owners.
Optimization of the use of space (due to the corridor)
In the variant presented below, the partition separating the living room from the corridor has been dismantled. It turned out to be a spacious room, giving room for the implementation of various kinds of design ideas. Bathroom and toilet are combined, one door is blocked. This made it possible to slightly increase the area of the second room.
In another project, the size of the corridor is also reduced. This area goes to the living room, but it becomes a walk-through, which is not critical for this room. Alterations also affected the bathroom - the partition between the toilet and the bathroom was removed, and the area was also slightly carried away: due to the removal of the wall into the corridor. Due to the same corridor, the area of the kitchen has been increased - the door block has been moved almost close to the entrance to the bathroom.
And the last alteration is the dismantling of the non-bearing window sill and the installation of sliding glass doors to the floor instead of the former window block.
Organization of the second bathroom
In four-room apartments, the areas are already large, and quite a lot of people can already live. Therefore, in such cases, they often want to make a second bathroom. The main difficulty is whether there are technical possibilities for supplying water supply and sewerage. Also, they will not be allowed to arrange a bathroom above the living quarters - only above the technical ones. In these redevelopment projects, the second bathroom is planned in place of the closet, which is possible.
All major changes relate to the use of the hall area, as well as the size of the second bathroom. The purpose of the rooms (all except the kitchen) may also change.
Not everyone likes to have walk-through rooms. The owners of such apartments agree to lose part of the living space, but to share the premises. In this case, part of the area of room 2 is fenced off, due to which the division of the premises occurs. The remaining "appendicitis" can be used as a wall cabinet. In this case, the room becomes more regular in shape (closer to a square), which is more convenient for design development.
The second group of alterations concerns the bathroom. Almost all partitions are demolished, the door block to the kitchen is removed. The area of the bathroom becomes larger due to the corridor.
The entrance to the kitchen is made from the living room (room 3). This wall is a load-bearing wall, therefore the opening requires additional reinforcement with metal structures, as well as the development of a project (as well as the removal of a bathroom into the corridor).
Before you physically mount the switchboard in your apartment, you need to accurately determine on paper with the electrical panel diagram. What modular equipment to install, how many and what denomination will be automatic switches, whether to mount differential automata and RCDs? What is the price of one or the other set? Most of these questions with the reduction of the schemes themselves will be displayed in the article.
It is worth noting that all the diagrams below are designed specifically for single-phase apartment shields directly located in your apartment. It is assumed that the metering board with a counter and an introductory machine is already in the floor board. Accordingly, its image is not present on the diagrams.
Regulatory documents and rules for shields
All schemes and housing shields must be assembled in accordance with regulatory documents and not contradict the instructions and rules prescribed there. First of all, this is of course the PUE, but there are two more documents that you should pay close attention to:
- ⚡ GOST 32395-2013 Switchboards for residential buildings. General specifications. ()
- ⚡ Set of rules for the design and construction of SP 31-110-2003 "Design and installation of electrical installations of residential and public buildings" ()
Requirements from the rules for housing shields
Notes and requirements from the above GOST that you should pay attention to when assembling and choosing an apartment shield:
Simplified diagram of the housing shield
This scheme is suitable for small one or two bedroom apartments. Where the total length of all wires and cables does not exceed 300-400m.
The rated current of the input apparatus for apartments with electric stoves and a single-phase load must be from 40A and above.
Below are group cables that supply certain groups, indicating the brand of cable and its cross section depending on the load. Outgoing lighting circuits made with a 1.5mm2 cable are protected by a 10A machine, socket groups with a cross section of 2.5mm2 - 16A.
A bathroom is connected to the differential machine, i.e. sockets, lighting and all consumers in the bathroom are combined into one group. Moreover, the leakage current on the diff is 10mA.
Some electricians set it to 30mA, citing possible false positives. There is no specific prohibition in the rules, it is stipulated that this protection should not be more than 30mA. Why it is still better to put on 10mA, you can understand by familiarizing yourself with how a current of a certain value affects your body:
True, in stores, in order to purchase differential machines for 10mA, you will most likely have to place an order. Basically, devices with a leakage current of 30mA predominate in free sale.
The hob and oven are powered by separate groups, it is understood that these are two different consumers. If you have an electric stove, that is, when the hob and oven are together, you need to change the power cable and circuit breaker:
If you are worried about power outages and want to protect your equipment from surges, then you can slightly increase the cost of the circuit by adding a voltage relay to the input. Here, the UZM-51M relay is schematically shown as the easiest to connect (input-phase + zero and output-phase + zero).
Advantages of these schemes:
- ⚡ inexpensive
- ⚡ best option for small apartments
- ⚡ easy to install and connect
The big minus of the circuit is that if there is a current leakage in other lines except for the bathroom, the protection will not work.
This scheme can be improved by putting an RCD on the input. Before that, make sure that a circuit breaker is installed in the floor board where your meter is located, since it is forbidden to install an RCD without a machine. If there is already an RCD or difavtomat there, then it makes no sense to duplicate protection. The circuit with RCD at the input will be like this:
One caveat - if you have a total cable consumption in the wiring of an apartment of 400 m or more, then false alarms of the introductory RCD are possible due to total current leakage. Here it is already advisable to apply the RCD to separate groups, removing the introductory from the scheme of the apartment shield.
Electrical panel diagram in an apartment with RCD in separate groups
This scheme is already more perfect. It can be used both in small apartments and in apartments with a total wiring length exceeding 400m. There is no introductory RCD here, since a load switch is enough (do not forget about the machine in the floor board with a meter).
The rated current of the input device is selected based on the permitted power for apartments with a single-phase load equal to 11 kW and the demand factor for apartments of superior comfort is 0.8.
There is protection against current leakage on separate groups of sockets and split systems (air conditioner). Moreover, one RCD protective device stands on the combined groups, each of which, in turn, is protected from overloads by automatic switches.
It is especially worth noting that each individual RCD needs its own tavern for zero. Otherwise, they will all work together synchronously in the event of a leak in any group of cables. And in order to find damaged wiring, you will have to physically disconnect the zero wires from the tires.
It is advisable to protect lighting lines from leaks if you use wall lamps with metal cases and periodically wipe them or change bulbs without turning off the voltage. In most cases, you can get by with simple automata.
The same circuit, but with a voltage relay:
The price of a complete set of apartment shields
Prices only for component modular equipment (automatic devices, RCDs, voltage relays, load switches) from different manufacturers for the assembly of all the above schemes are summarized in one table. Prices are taken from online stores and may vary significantly in your area.
Scheme name | Manufacturer and price | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IEK | ABB | Legrand | Schneider | KEAZ | |
Scheme No. 1 | 1700r | 6700r | 7300r | 4300r | 2100r |
Scheme No. 2 | 1600r | 6600r | 7200r | 4200r | 2000r |
Scheme No. 3 | 4200r | 9200r | 9800r | 6800r | 4600r |
Scheme No. 4 | 2400r | 6900r | 8100r | 5100r | 2700r |
Scheme No. 5 | 3400r | 9700r | 10300r | 7500r | 3700r |
Scheme No. 6 | 5900r | 12200r | 12800r | 10000r | 6200r |
Two-room apartments are the most demanded living space. As a rule, their sizes and price are the most acceptable. It can easily accommodate a family of four. However, as practice shows, the layout of 2-room apartments is imperfect, and in order to gain maximum coziness and comfort, you still have to change something, especially for old buildings.
In Soviet times, houses were most often built without taking into account the needs of residents, so one could only dream of rational distribution. As a rule, these are tiny kitchens, narrow, but combined bathrooms or separate, but small ones, and much more.
Modern houses, as the layout diagram of a 2-room apartment shows, are more comfortable, but, unfortunately, they also have drawbacks. Most often, they are based on the individuality factor, so many resort to redevelopment. However, in order to subsequently avoid problems with the transfer of interior partitions, it will be necessary to legalize these actions in the relevant organization (BTI). And also it is worth paying attention to one more very important nuance: in no case should you carry out any manipulations with load-bearing walls, as this can lead to the destruction of the entire building.
Disadvantages of planning two-room apartments
In order for the living space to be as comfortable and rational as possible, it is necessary to try to neutralize all the disadvantages as much as possible at the initial stages. It should be noted that some of them are visible immediately, while others (hidden) emerge only after the work is completed.
So, let's try to deal with the shortcomings of two-room apartments:
Where does remodeling begin?
The standard layout of a 2-room apartment is indicated in the documents for this housing. There is information about the exact dimensions, the location of communications, etc. Naturally, before starting work, it is necessary to fully study and analyze all these parameters. It is also worth considering the wishes of all the people living here. A reliable option is to entrust the drafting of the project to qualified professionals. This will help you completely avoid common mistakes.
Below we consider four types of the most common layouts of two-room apartments.
Stalinka
The houses that were built in the 1940s and 1950s are called "Stalinka". Their layout can be envied: high ceilings, large rooms, convenient location. As a rule, load-bearing walls are only external, and this opens up great possibilities when choosing a design. Often the layout of 2-room apartments in such houses allows you to modify the room without much damage, for example, to divide one large bedroom into two smaller ones. Such a solution will make it possible to equip a nursery or an office.
Brezhnevka
Houses built during the years of L. Brezhnev's rule, in comparison with Stalin's times, have somewhat decreased in size. However, this is not the worst version of old buildings. The rooms are not gigantic, but quite spacious, the bathroom is separate, the kitchen is 7-8 sq. m. This layout of a 2-room apartment is quite acceptable. If necessary, some partitions can be moved, but it is worth considering that in these houses load-bearing walls can pass inside the apartment. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with the design organization before carrying out work.
Khrushchev
An interesting fact is that the Khrushchev houses were built as temporary housing, but at the moment this type of house is one of the most common. They are considered the most inconvenient and problematic. This is a critically small kitchen, a small combined bathroom, a narrow corridor, walk-through rooms, etc. You can list indefinitely, since the layout of a 2-room apartment in Khrushchev has more disadvantages than advantages. However, do not get upset ahead of time. Modern designers offer many successful projects that will help to radically transform the interior of such an apartment. Highlights of these works:
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