Sp 22.13330 foundation of buildings and structures. The new joint venture for the design of building foundations will increase reliability and save on construction costs
The updated rules for designing the foundations of buildings and structures for the ERZ portal that have come into force are commented on by an authoritative expert.
The requirements of the set of rules (SP 22.13330.2016) relate to the design of the foundations of newly constructed and reconstructed buildings and structures. The work on their actualization was carried out by the specialists of the Research Center "Construction" within the framework of an agreement with the FAU "Federal Center for Rationing, Standardization and Technical Conformity Assessment in Construction" (FTS). This organization is subordinate to the Ministry of Construction, which believes that the requirements of SP 22.13330.2016 "are aimed at improving safety and energy saving in the process of construction and operation of facilities in accordance with their field of application."
At the request of the ERZ portal, one of the largest Russian specialists in scientific and technical issues of construction, doctor of technical sciences, professor, academician and vice-president of RAASN, honorary builder of Russia and Moscow Vyacheslav Ilyichev gave his expert assessment of the innovations.
- Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich, what will change in the practical work of developers with the introduction of a new set of rules?
Developers are known to build according to projects. And since the introduction of a new set of rules will directly affect the level of design quality, developers will definitely feel this during the implementation of approved projects.
Before talking about the innovations that the introduced joint venture brings, it must be emphasized that it retained all the basic positions contained in the previous set of rules. That is, the calculation methods approved for decades are still allowed to be used by those designers who are familiar with them and apply them in practice.
But in addition to traditional methods for calculating structures, it is now allowed to use a number of modern programs and mathematical models(of course, with appropriate justification). Their use makes the calculations themselves more complete, which leads to a reduction in the cost of structures.
- How is this happening?
Will explain. Now there is an opportunity to design and build quite complex in constructively buildings and structures, but at the same time not to include in the project excess stocks of materials and the structures themselves, which was often practiced before. Why did this happen? Because the past calculation methods were much more rough and approximate than the modern ones. Today, with the help of mathematical programming, you can calculate everything much more accurately, which means you can really save money.
- The new joint venture introduces the concept of "soil reinforcement" and spelled out requirements for the design of foundations from reinforced soils using various methods and models. What does it do?
In some cases, piles can be considered not separately, but as reinforced soil. Based on this, a new type of bases is classified in the set of rules: the base itself is considered here as an array in relation to which areal consolidation is carried out. A whole section has appeared concerning the properties of the soil after its areal consolidation by means of cementation and other methods. In addition, tables have been added to the joint venture to determine the parameters of such fortified massifs. All this allows you to increase reliability, and in parallel - again, save money.
Another innovation is the accounting of the so-called process sludge. What is it about? If a foundation pit is made next to an existing building, then the base of this building is strengthened with the help of bored piles or the same cementation. Before the piles are put into operation and take on the load, the building must settle down a little, and these settlements, as you know, can lead to additional damage to existing buildings. So, in the new joint venture 22.13330.2016 introduced separate section, which allows you to take into account these, never before taken into account, additional settlements of buildings.
- This is a really important story. Also, the document specifies the design features of the foundations of structures erected in seismic regions, taking into account the requirements for calculating the stability of slopes. Is there something fundamentally new in terms of seismic resistance?
Let me remind you that a tremendous amount of work was done in this area back in Soviet times. Most of the seismic resistance indicators in force to this day, before becoming the approved standards, were checked under experimental conditions, in the course of experiments and laboratory tests. For example, it comes about piles of full-scale dimensions, foundations on a natural foundation, etc. And most of the buildings and structures built according to these standards based on experimental and theoretical scientific research, successfully withstood earthquakes, which made it possible to save lives and material values... Well, since these norms have proven their viability in practice, they all remained in the new document. The first and second groups of limiting states of the foundations have been preserved in it. But at the same time, for the convenience of calculations, in accordance with the requirements of the time, methods of mathematical modeling and probabilistic methods of analysis have been added.
The updated rules for designing the foundations of buildings and structures for our portal that have come into force are commented on by an authoritative expert.
The requirements of the set of rules (SP 22.13330.2016) relate to the design of the foundations of newly constructed and reconstructed buildings and structures. The work on their actualization was carried out by the specialists of the Research and Development Center "Construction" within the framework of an agreement with the FAU "Federal Center for Regulation, Standardization and Technical Conformity Assessment in Construction" (FCS). This organization is subordinate to the Ministry of Construction, which believes that the requirements of SP 22.13330.2016 "are aimed at increasing safety and energy saving in the process of construction and operation of facilities in accordance with their field of application."
At the request of the ERZ portal, one of the largest Russian specialists in scientific and technical issues of construction, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Academician and Vice-President of RAASN, Honorary Builder of Russia and Moscow Vyacheslav ILYICHEV gave his expert assessment of the innovations.
- Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich, what will change in the practical work of developers with the introduction of a new set of rules?
Developers are known to build according to projects. And since the introduction of a new set of rules will directly affect the level of design quality, developers will definitely feel this during the implementation of approved projects.
Before talking about the innovations that the introduced joint venture brings, it must be emphasized that it retained all the basic positions contained in the previous set of rules. That is, the calculation methods approved for decades are still allowed to be used by those designers who are familiar with them and apply them in practice.
But in addition to traditional methods for calculating structures, it is now allowed to use a number of modern programs and mathematical models (of course, with appropriate justification). Their use makes the calculations themselves more complete, which leads to a reduction in the cost of structures.
- How is this happening?
Will explain. Now there is an opportunity to design and construct buildings and structures that are quite complex in terms of construction, but at the same time not to include in the project excess stocks of materials and structures themselves, which has often been practiced before. Why did this happen? Because the past calculation methods were much more rough and approximate than the modern ones. Today, using mathematical programming, you can calculate everything much more accurately, which means you can really save money.
In the new joint venture, the concept of "soil reinforcement" was introduced and requirements for the design of foundations made of reinforced soils using different ways and models. What does it do?
In some cases, piles can be considered not separately, but as reinforced soil. Based on this, a new type of bases is classified in the set of rules: the base itself is considered here as an array in relation to which areal consolidation is carried out. A whole section has appeared concerning the properties of the soil after its areal consolidation by means of cementation and other methods. In addition, tables have been added to the joint venture to determine the parameters of such fortified massifs. All this allows you to increase reliability, and in parallel - again, save money.
Another innovation is the accounting of the so-called process sludge. What is it about? If a foundation pit is made next to an existing building, then the base of this building is strengthened with the help of bored piles or the same cementation. Before the piles are put into operation and take on the load, the building must settle down a little, and these settlements, as you know, can lead to additional damage to existing buildings. So, in the new SP 22.13330.2016, a separate section has been introduced, which allows you to take into account these, never before taken into account, additional settlements of buildings.
This is a really important story. Also, the document specifies the design features of the foundations of structures erected in seismic regions, taking into account the requirements for calculating the stability of slopes. Is there something fundamentally new in terms of seismic resistance?
Let me remind you that a tremendous amount of work was done in this area back in Soviet times. Most of the seismic resistance indicators in force to this day, before becoming the approved standards, were checked under experimental conditions, in the course of experiments and laboratory tests. For example, we are talking about full-scale piles, foundations on a natural foundation, etc. And most of the buildings and structures built according to these standards, based on experimental and theoretical scientific research, have successfully withstood earthquakes, which made it possible to save lives and material values. Well, since these norms have proven their viability in practice, they all remained in the new document. The first and second groups of limiting states of the foundations have been preserved in it. But at the same time, for the convenience of calculations, in accordance with the requirements of the time, methods of mathematical modeling and probabilistic methods of analysis have been added.
In general, the new set of rules is more progressive, it corresponds to all modern approaches and norms, including Eurocodes. That is, on the basis of the previous set of rules, tested in the course of many years of practice, a document was created that provides new opportunities - both in terms of greater accuracy in design, and in terms of savings due to the reduction in the cost of the structures used.
Notes (edit)
1 The timing of the geotechnical monitoring must be extended in the absence of stabilization of changes in the controlled parameters.
2 The frequency of fixing the monitored parameters should be linked to the schedule of construction and installation works and can be adjusted (i.e. performed more often than indicated in the geotechnical monitoring program) if the values of the monitored parameters exceed the expected values (including their changes exceeding the expected ones). tendencies) or identification of other dangerous deviations.
3 For unique newly erected and reconstructed structures, as well as for the reconstruction of historical, architectural and cultural monuments, geotechnical monitoring should be continued for at least two years after the completion of construction.
4 The fixation of the monitored parameters during geotechnical monitoring of the enclosing structure of the pit with a depth of more than 10 m, as well as at a shallower pit depth in the event that the monitored parameters exceed the calculated values, must be performed at least once a week.
5 Geotechnical monitoring of the soil mass surrounding the newly erected or reconstructed structure, after the completion of the construction of its underground part and with the stabilization of changes in the controlled parameters of the soil mass and surrounding buildings, is allowed to be carried out once every three months.
6 In the presence of dynamic influences, the vibration level of the foundations and structures of newly erected (reconstructed) structures and surrounding buildings should be measured.
7 Fixation of changes in the monitored parameters of the state of building structures, incl. damaged, during geotechnical monitoring of structures of the surrounding buildings should be carried out, incl. according to the results of periodic visual and instrumental examinations.
8 The requirements of table 12.1 must be followed, incl. during geotechnical monitoring of surrounding buildings located in the zone of influence of the device of underground engineering communications, which is determined in accordance with the requirements of 9.33, 9.34.
9 Geotechnical monitoring of newly erected or reconstructed structures in areas of a hazardous category in the karst-suffusion relation must be carried out during the entire period of construction and operation of structures. The term for performing geotechnical monitoring of newly erected or reconstructed structures in areas of a potentially hazardous category in the karst-suffusion relation should be determined in the geotechnical monitoring program, but not less than five years after the completion of construction.
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1 area of use2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Design of foundations
5.1 General instructions
5.2 Loads and actions taken into account in the calculation of the foundations
5.3 Standard and calculated values of soil characteristics
5.4 Groundwater
5.5 Depth of foundations
5.6 Calculation of foundations for deformations
5.7 Calculation of foundations for bearing capacity
5.8 Features of design of foundations during reconstruction of structures
5.9 Measures to reduce deformations of foundations and their effect on structures
6 Features of the design of the foundations of structures erected on specific soils and in special conditions
6.1 Subsidence soils
6.2 Swelling soils
6.3 Saline soils
6.4 Organomineral and organic soils
6.5 Eluvial soils
6.6 Fill soils
6.7 Alluvial soils
6.8 Heaving soils
6.9 Anchored soils
6.10 Reinforced soils
6.11 Features of the design of the foundations of structures erected in the undermined territories
6.12 Features of the design of the foundations of structures erected on karst territories
6.13 Features of the design of the foundations of structures erected in seismic regions
6.14 Features of the design of the foundations of structures erected near sources of dynamic effects
7 Features of the design of the foundations of the supports of overhead power lines
8 Features of the design of foundations and foundations of low-rise buildings
9 Features of the design of the foundations of underground parts of structures and geotechnical forecast
10 Features of the design of the foundations of high-rise buildings
11 Design of dewatering
12 Geotechnical monitoring
13 Environmental requirements for the design of foundations
Appendix A (recommended). Guideline values strength and deformation characteristics of soils
Appendix B (recommended). Design soil resistance of foundations
Appendix B (recommended). Determination of the foundation foundation settlement by the linear deformable layer method
Appendix D (recommended). Limit deformations of the foundations of new construction projects
Appendix D (mandatory). Categories of the state of existing structures
Appendix E (recommended). Limit deformations of the base of the foundations of the reconstructed structures
Appendix G (recommended). Physical and mechanical characteristics of organomineral and organic soils
Appendix I (recommended). Physical and mechanical characteristics of eluvial soils
Appendix K (mandatory). Ultimate additional deformations of the foundations of the foundations of the surrounding buildings located in the zone of influence of new construction or reconstruction
Appendix L (mandatory). Controlled parameters for geotechnical monitoring
Appendix M (reference). Basic letter designations
Bibliography