Africa population density table. Population and political map of africa
Africa is a huge continent, on the territory of which there are 55 states. The population of Africa is 1 billion people. About 130 peoples live here, 20 of which number more than 5 million people each, and 100 - more than 1 million people each. In total, there are about 8,000 nationalities.
Population of Central Africa
The entire population of this region belongs to the Negroid race. This race is characterized by the presence of swarthy, almost black skin, dark eyes, hard dark curly hair. These include the Yoruba, Bantu, Hausa, Athara, Tubu, Kanuri peoples. Among the Tubu and Kanuri tribes, an admixture of the Caucasoid race can be seen. They have lighter skin and less wavy hair.
Representatives of the Nigrill race live in the equatorial forests of the Congo and Gabon. Their feature is short stature (up to 150 cm) and a reddish or yellowish skin tone. In proportion to the body, the head is very large. Many scientists explain their unique characteristics by living in dark forests.
The Bushmen also live in Central Africa. This is a nomadic people, representing a mixture of Negroids with Mongoloids.
Rice. 1. Negroid woman.
Population of North Africa
On the territory of North Africa, mainly peoples belonging to the Caucasoid race live. They have a swarthy (but not black) face, dark eyes and hair. These peoples include Arabs, Nubians and Berbers. On the southern outskirts there are representatives of the Negroid race, as well as many mixed types and mestizos. 90% of the people living in this region are Muslims, and the main language is Arabic. The second language in terms of the number of people speaking it is the Berber language. It is distributed in almost all countries except Sudan.
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Rice. 2. Arab woman in a hijab.
East African population
Ethiopians, Bushmen, representatives of the Negroid and Negril races live on the territory of East Africa. Ethiopians arose as a result of mixing representatives of the Caucasian and Negroid races. In the equatorial forests, which are also represented in East Africa, pygmies also live.
Rwanda is the most populated country in Africa. With a population of 12 million people, the density is 430 people per 1 sq. km. meter.
Rice. 3. Ethiopian.
Population of South Africa
The main peoples of South Africa are the Bushmen and Hottentots. These peoples are characterized by a combination of features of the Negril and Negroid races. Representatives of the Caucasian race and Asians also live here. All of them once emigrated here and stayed forever.
The population in the region is unevenly distributed. The main population is concentrated in large cities: Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Town.
Population of West Africa
The population of this region is 280 million people. Most of the population belong to the Negroid race (Wolof, Kisi, Serer). Berber-speaking Tuaregs live on the territory of several states. The main religions are Islam and Christianity (to a lesser extent). Of the foreign languages, English and French are common.
What have we learned?
This article briefly examines the characteristics of the population of each of the 5 regions of Africa. Representatives of the Negril race, the Negroid race, Europeans, Bushmen, Pygmies and many other peoples live in Africa. The country with the highest population density is Rwanda and the one with the smallest density is Namibia.
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The population of Africa is 1.1 billion people.
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Population placement
How is the location of the population shown on the map?
How are uninhabited areas depicted on a map?
Where on the mainland is the population density more than 100 people per 1 km2?
Where on the mainland is the population density less than 1 person per 1 km2?
What is the population density in the Congo Basin?
What is the population density in the east of the mainland?
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Compare maps: natural areas of Africa and population density. Which natural areas have the highest population density, the lowest? Explain the pattern.
![](https://i0.wp.com/metodich.ru/naselenie-afriki/img10.jpg)
What natural areas are these dwellings typical for? Why are there no windows in buildings?
![](https://i0.wp.com/metodich.ru/naselenie-afriki/img11.jpg)
colonial past
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a) on the equator, b) on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, c) on the northern and southern coasts of the mainland.
- THE PERSON LIVES IN AFRICA. a) less than 500 million, b) 500 million - 850 million, c) more than 1 billion. 2. IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA POPULATION PREDOMINATES ... RACE. a) Negroid, b) Caucasoid, c) Mongoloid. 3. POPULATION OF NORTH AFRICA: a) Malagasy, b) Arab peoples, c) Bantu peoples. 4. THE LOWEST PEOPLES OF AFRICA ARE CALLED: a) pygmies, b) midgets, c) bushmen. 5. THE MOST ANCIENT HUMAN REMAINS WERE FOUND IN: a) Egypt, Libya, Algeria, b) Nigeria, Gabon, Chad, c) Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia. 6. ONE OF THE HIGHEST PEOPLES OF AFRICA: a) Bushmen b) Masai c) Arabs 7. AFRICA POPULATION LIVES: a) on the equator, b) on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, c) on the northern and southern coasts of the mainland. CORRECT ANSWERS: 1.c 2.a 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.c
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The population of Africa is about 1 billion people. Population growth on the continent is the highest in the world in 2004, it was 2.3%. Over the past 50 years, the average life expectancy has increased from 39 to 54 years.
The population consists mainly of representatives of two races: the Negroid south of the Sahara, and the Caucasoid in northern Africa (Arabs) and South Africa (Boers and Anglo-South Africans). The most numerous people are the Arabs of North Africa.
During the colonial development of the mainland, many state borders were drawn without taking into account ethnic characteristics, which still leads to interethnic conflicts. The average population density in Africa is 22 people/km², which is significantly less than in Europe and Asia.
In terms of urbanization, Africa lags behind other regions - less than 30%, but the rate of urbanization here is the highest in the world, many African countries are characterized by false urbanization. The largest cities on the African continent are Cairo and Lagos.
Languages
The autochthonous languages of Africa are divided into 32 families, of which 3 (Semitic, Indo-European and Austronesian) "infiltrated" the continent from other regions.
There are also 7 isolated and 9 unclassified languages. The most popular native African languages are the Bantu languages (Swahili, Congo), Fula.
Indo-European languages became widespread due to the era of colonial rule: English, Portuguese, French are official in many countries. in Namibia since the beginning of the 20th century. there is a compact community that speaks German as the main language. The only language belonging to the Indo-European family that originated on the continent is Afrikaans, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa. Also, communities of Afrikaans speakers live in other countries of South Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia. However, it is worth noting that after the fall of the apartheid regime in South Africa, the Afrikaans language is being replaced by other languages (English and local African). The number of its carriers and scope is declining.
The most common language of the Afrosian language sacro-family - Arabic - is used in North, West and East Africa as a first and second language. Many African languages (Hausa, Swahili) include a significant number of borrowings from Arabic (primarily in the layers of political, religious vocabulary, abstract concepts).
The Austronesian languages are represented by the Malagasy language, which is spoken by the population of Madagascaramalagasians - a people of Austronesian origin, who presumably came here in the 2nd-5th centuries AD.
The inhabitants of the African continent are characterized by the knowledge of several languages at once, which are used in various everyday situations. For example, a representative of a small ethnic group that retains its own language can use the local language in the family circle and in communication with their fellow tribesmen, a regional interethnic language (Lingala in the DRC, Sango in the Central African Republic, Hausa in Nigeria, Bambara in Mali) in communication with representatives of other ethnic groups, and the state language (usually European) in communication with the authorities and other similar situations. At the same time, language proficiency can be limited only to the ability to speak (the literacy rate of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2007 was approximately 50% of the total population)
Religion in Africa
Islam and Christianity predominate among world religions (the most common denominations are Catholicism, Protestantism, to a lesser extent Orthodoxy, Monophysitism). There are also Buddhists and Hindus in East Africa (many of them are from India). There are also followers of Judaism and Bahaism living in Africa. Religions introduced into Africa from outside are found both in pure form and syncretized with local traditional religions. Among the "major" traditional African religions are Ifa or Bwiti.
Education
Traditional education in Africa involved preparing children for African religions and life in African society. Education in pre-colonial Africa included games, dancing, singing, painting, ceremonies and rituals. Seniors were engaged in training; Every member of society contributes to the education of the child. Girls and boys were trained separately in order to learn the system of proper gender-role behavior. The apogee of learning was the rituals of passage, symbolizing the end of childhood and the beginning of adulthood.
With the beginning of the colonial period, the education system underwent changes towards the European one, so that Africans could compete with Europe and America. Africa tried to establish the cultivation of its own specialists.
Now in terms of education, Africa is still lagging behind other parts of the world. In 2000, only 58% of children in sub-Saharan Africa were in school; these are the lowest. There are 40 million children in Africa, half of them of school age, who are not in school. Two thirds of them are girls.
In the post-colonial period, African governments placed more emphasis on education; a large number of universities were established, although there was very little money for their development and support, and in some places it stopped altogether. However, universities are overcrowded, which often forces lecturers to lecture in shifts, evenings and weekends. Due to low wages, there is a drain on staff. In addition to the lack of necessary funding, other problems for African universities are the unregulated degree system, as well as the inequity in the system of career advancement among the teaching staff, which is not always based on professional merit. This often causes protests and teachers' strikes.
Ethnic composition of the population of Africa
The ethnic composition of the modern population of Africa is very complex. The continent is inhabited by several hundred large and small ethnic groups, 107 of which number more than 1 million people each, and 24 exceed 5 million people. The largest of them are: Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese Arabs, Hausa, Yoruba, Fulbe, Igbo, Amhara.
Anthropological composition of the population of Africa
In the modern population of Africa, various anthropological types are represented, belonging to different races.
The northern part of the continent up to the southern border of the Sahara is inhabited by peoples (Arabs, Berbers) belonging to the Indo-Mediterranean race (part of the large Caucasoid race). This race is characterized by a swarthy skin color, dark eyes and hair, wavy hair, a narrow face, and a hooked nose. However, among the Berbers there are also fair-eyed and fair-haired.
To the south of the Sahara live peoples belonging to a large Negro-Australoid race, represented by three small races - Negro, Negrillian and Bushman.
Among them, the peoples of the Negro race predominate. These include the population of Western Sudan, the Guinean coast, Central Sudan, the peoples of the Nilotic group (upper Nile), the Bantu peoples. These peoples are characterized by dark skin color, dark hair and eyes, a special structure of hair that curls in spirals, thick lips, a wide nose with a low nose bridge. A typical feature of the peoples of the Upper Nile is their high growth, exceeding 180 cm in some groups (the world maximum).
Representatives of the Negril race - Negrils or African pygmies - short (on average 141-142 cm) inhabitants of the tropical forests of the Congo, Uele and other river basins. In addition to growth, they are also distinguished by a strong development of tertiary hairline, even wider than that of Negroids, a nose strongly flattened nose bridge, relatively thin lips and lighter skin color.
Bushmen and Hottentots living in the Kalahari desert belong to the Bushman race. Their distinctive feature is lighter (yellowish-brown) skin, thinner lips, a flatter face, and such specific signs as skin wrinkling and steatopygia (strong development of the subcutaneous fat layer on the thighs and buttocks).
In Northeast Africa (in Ethiopia and the Somali Peninsula) live peoples belonging to the Ethiopian race, which occupies an intermediate position between the Indo-Mediterranean and Negroid races (thick lips, narrow face and nose, wavy hair).
In general, close ties between the peoples of Africa led to the absence of sharp boundaries between races. In southern Africa, European (Dutch) colonization led to the formation of a special type of so-called colored people.
The population of Madagascar is heterogeneous, it is dominated by South Asian (Mongolian) and Negroid types. In general, Malagasy are characterized by the predominance of a narrow cut of the eyes, protruding cheekbones, curly hair, a flattened and rather wide nose.
African Vital Movement
The dynamics of the population of Africa, due to the relatively small size of migration, is determined mainly by its natural movement. Africa is an area of high fertility, in some countries it is approaching 50 per thousand, that is, approaching the biologically possible. On average, the natural growth of the continent is about 3% per year, which is higher than in other regions of the Earth. The population of Africa, according to the UN, now exceeds 900 million people.
In general, higher birth rates are typical for West and East Africa, and lower rates for the zones of equatorial forests and desert regions.
Mortality is gradually reduced to 15-17 ppm.
Infant mortality (under 1 year) is quite high - 100-150 per thousand.
The age composition of the population of many African countries is characterized by a high proportion of children and a low proportion of the elderly.
The number of men and women is generally the same, with women predominating in rural areas.
The average life expectancy in Africa is about 50 years. Relatively high average life expectancy is typical for South Africa and North Africa.
Back forward
Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
Goals: to acquaint students with the population of Africa - its characteristics, racial and ethnic composition, external features, location on the mainland; continue the formation of skills and abilities to work with geographical maps, tables, diagrams; to cultivate a tolerant attitude towards people with different skin colors.
Equipment: map "Peoples and population density of the world", multimedia projector, presentation, atlases, contour maps, diagrams - clusters.
Conduct forms: repetition of known and familiarity with new terms and concepts; independent work with the text of the textbook about the peoples inhabiting Africa; practical work with a thematic map of population density, with a contour map, a table "Peoples of Africa"; a conversation with students and a teacher's story about the history of the appearance of people in Africa, about the past and present situation of the indigenous population of the mainland; a conversation with students about the distribution of the population in Africa.
Terms and concepts: races - Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Equatorial (Negroid); location and population density, colony.
Geographic features: the Nile Delta, the coast of the Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf of Guinea, Sahara, Egypt, Liberia, Ethiopia.
Names: N. Mandela, P. Lulumba.
Textbook: Geography of continents and oceans. Grade 7. Authors: V.A. Korinskaya, I.V. Dushina, V.A. Shchenev. Bustard, 2009.
During the classes
I. Organizing time.
II. Mobilization of students, communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Watching the video clip "Tutsi Dance Rwanda>"
- Guys, you watched the video, and now tell me, who will be discussed in the lesson today?
- That's right, today in the lesson we will talk about the population of Africa. We will get acquainted with the population of Africa - its characteristics, racial and ethnic composition, location on the mainland; we will continue to work with maps, tables and diagrams.
- What distinguishes the indigenous people of Africa?
- Do you think that only dark-skinned Africans are the original inhabitants of Africa?
III. Learning new material.
1. Africa - the ancestral home of man - teacher's story. SLIDE № 3,4
The vast majority of scientists call Africa the ancestral home of man. Most of the discoveries of human ancestors have been made on this continent, and just in Ethiopia and Kenya, where the rift valley (a fault in the earth's surface) is located. In ancient times, active volcanic activity was observed in this valley, and many rocks have increased radioactivity. It is possible that mutations under the influence of radioactivity led to the emergence of Homo sapiens. And not "divine power" at all.
In the second half of the XX century. in East Africa, in rock strata that are about 27 million years old, the remains of a man and his tools were found.
2. Races and peoples - conversation. SLIDES #5-22 ( teacher's choice)
- Caucasoid race (indigenous population): Arab peoples - Algerians, Moroccans, Egyptians; Berbers.
- Caucasoid race (alien population): in the north - the French, in the south - Afrikaners or Boers.
- Equatorial race: savannah peoples - Tutsi, Nilotic, Masai; equatorial forests - pygmies; semi-deserts and deserts of South Africa - Bushmen and Hottentots.
- Intermediate race: Ethiopians and Malagasy
3. Primary consolidation of the studied material - filling in the cluster: Characteristics of the population of Africa - group work (Appendix 1)
4. Population Location and Density - Analysis of the Africa Population Density Thematic Map SLIDES #23-24
Questions:
- How is the location of the population shown on the map?
- How are uninhabited areas depicted on a map?
- Where on the mainland is the population density more than 100 people per 1 km2? Show on the map.
- Where on the mainland is the population density less than 1 person per 1 km2? Show on the map.
- What is the population density in the Congo Basin?
- What is the population density in the east of the mainland?
CONCLUSION:
Africa has about 1 billion people. The coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Guinea and the southeastern coast of the mainland are relatively densely populated. The population density is high in the Nile Delta, where there are 1000 people per 1 km 2. In the Sahara Desert, which occupies ¼ of the mainland, less than 1% of the total population lives, and in some areas it is completely absent.
5. The colonial past of the mainland - independent work of students with the text of the textbook. SLIDE #25
EXERCISE: read the text of the textbook on pages 134-135 "The mainland's colonial past" and select the correct statements in the card ( Annex 2)
More about the leaders of the national liberation movement – student's story (advance task)
Nelson Holilala Mandela(born July 18, 1918) - the first black president of South Africa from May 10, 1994 to June 14, 1999, one of the most famous activists in the struggle for human rights during the existence of apartheid, for which he was in prison for 27 years, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize 1993. Honorary member of more than 50 international universities.
After Mandela left the presidency of South Africa in 1999, he became a vocal advocate for greater coverage of HIV and AIDS. According to experts, there are now about five million HIV carriers and AIDS patients in South Africa - more than in any other country. When McGahoe, Nelson Mandela's eldest son, died of AIDS, Mandela called for fighting the spread of this deadly disease.
Patrice Emery Lumumba(July 2, 1925 - January 17, 1961) - Congolese political and public figure, the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo after the declaration of its independence in June 1960, a national hero of Zaire, a poet and one of the symbols of the African peoples' struggle for independence. Founder (1958) and leader of the National Movement of the Congo.
Removed from the post of prime minister by the President of the Congo, then arrested during the Congo crisis in September 1960. Killed on January 17, 1961.
IV. Consolidation of the studied material
1. Practical work in the contour map: SLIDE No. 26
- Designate the boundaries of the placement of races.
- Color the areas in the appropriate colors.
- Set up symbols.
2. Questions on the topic studied: SLIDE No. 27
- What continent scientists consider the ancestral home of modern man?
- What race are the indigenous people of North Africa?
- What peoples live in the semi-deserts and deserts of South Africa?
- What race is the majority of the population of Africa?
- These "forest people" are distinguished by a yellowish skin color, a very wide nose, small stature?
- Where does the alien population of the Caucasian race live within the mainland?
- What is the population of Africa?
- What is the name of a country deprived of political and economic independence?
3. Filling in the table (e If there is time left in the lesson - choose one of the three options) SLIDE № 30-34
V. Summing up the lesson
Evaluation test - writing in a notebook(selective check, mutual check) SLIDE No. 28-29
- THE PERSON LIVES IN AFRICA.
a) less than 500 million,
b) 500 million - 850 million,
c) about 1 billion - IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA POPULATION PREDOMINATES ... RACE.
a) negroid
b) European
c) Mongoloid. - NORTH AFRICA POPULATION:
a) Malagasy
b) Arab peoples,
c) Bantu peoples. - THE LOWEST PEOPLES OF AFRICA ARE CALLED:
a) pygmies
b) midgets,
c) bushmen. - THE MOST ANCIENT HUMAN REMAINS WERE FOUND IN:
a) Egypt, Libya, Algeria,
b) Nigeria, Gabon, Chad,
c) Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia. - ONE OF THE HIGHEST PEOPLES OF AFRICA:
a) Bushmen
b) Maasai
c) Arabs. - ALIEN POPULATION OF AFRICA LIVES:
a) at the equator
b) on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea,
c) on the north and south coasts.
CORRECT ANSWERS: 1. c 2.a 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.b7. in
VI. Homework.
§ 30, pp. 132-135, prepare a description of the peoples of Africa according to the plan:
- Name of the people
- Features
- Areas of residence
Literature.
- http://www.forumdesas.cd/images/Lumumba%20pat.JPG - photo by P.Lumumba
- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg photograph by N. Mandela
- Korinskaya V.A., Dushina I.V., Shchenev V.A. Geography of continents and oceans. 7th grade. Toolkit. M., Bustard, 2000
- Elkin G.N. Geography of continents and oceans. 7th grade. Lesson planning. S.-P., Parity, 2001
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