The number of unemployed in Belarus. The richest area was in the ranking of the unemployed
In Belarus, the number of unemployed, actively looking for it and ready to start it is 5.2% of the economically active population. This is evidenced by the data published in the annual bulletin “Labor resources and employment of the population in the Republic of Belarus”.
The average data for 2016 given in the bulletin indicate that last year the number of registered unemployed was 45.2 thousand, and unregistered - 230.2 thousand. Unregistered are "Persons who do not have a job, are actively looking for it and ready to start it".
Despite the fact that the number of the economically active population averaged 4.4 million people per year, the level of unregistered (hidden) unemployment in relation to the total economically active population was 5.2%.
In addition to persons who, according to the classification The International Organization labor, are considered unemployed, the bulletin also provides data on the number of able-bodied people who are not looking for work.
According to the annual data of the National Statistical Committee, in the country in 2016 there were 43.7 thousand “persons who believe that there is no way to find a job”, and 28 thousand “who do not have the need or desire to work”. Thus, taking into account the unregistered unemployed, the number of persons not employed in the labor market amounted to 301.9 thousand.
At the meeting on August 3 Alexander Lukashenko expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that 300 thousand people are not employed in the economy.
“At least half a million we have unemployed people... Of these, we can release 200 thousand: people with many children, the sick, the disabled, people who may want to work, but they cannot do it due to life circumstances. But where is 300 thousand? " - Lukashenka stressed and instructed to take measures to make them work.
Meanwhile, Belarusian economists believe that persons who, according to domestic statistics, are unemployed, are actually employed, including abroad.
“The times when all our compatriots worked at Belarusian factories are in the past. Today, many people become freelancers, find employment not only on the territory of Belarus, but also abroad, since the labor market has become global and it is impossible to resist this trend, ”the director of the IPM Research Center said in a comment to BelaPAN Alexander Chubrik.
According to official Russian data (the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the central database for registering foreign citizens), the number of Belarusian citizens in Russia per last years increased. So, if in June 2014 the number of Belarusians in Russia was estimated at 415.6 thousand people, then in June 2016 - 711.1 thousand, and in June 2017 - 676.1 thousand people. Russian demographers believe that many Belarusians in Russia are labor migrants.
“Therefore, it seems to me that many of those who are considered parasites in Belarus are actually working citizens. According to Belarusian statistics, they are referred to as “persons who do not have a job, are actively looking for it and are ready to start it,” but in reality, the data of the Russian Migration Service give reason to believe that they are already working abroad, ”the deputy chairman of the Belarusian scientific and industrial association George Grits.
Category status:
From 2017, Belarus will publish data on the real level of unemployment based on sample surveys of households. The current methodology does not reflect the processes in the labor market and underestimates the real rates of unemployment. The publication of data will contribute to a more accurate assessment of the required amount of funds to strengthen the protection of the labor resources released as a result of economic reforms.
Starting from January 1, 2017, data on the unemployment rate will be published in Belarus on a regular basis based on sample household surveys conducted on a quarterly basis. These data will be published together with the official unemployment rate, the calculation of which will not undergo significant changes. As a result, there will be two unemployment indicators in the country: the official one, calculated on the basis of the number of unemployed registered with the country's employment services, and the real one, which will reflect all citizens who do not have an official job, including those who are not registered at the labor exchange and are not counted as unemployed at the moment. ...
The flaw in the current methodology for calculating the unemployment rate is recognized in official level through the adoption of a decree on social dependency. By adopting this document, the authorities indicated a figure of at least 400 thousand people who are not officially employed in the Belarusian economy. The official number of unemployed at the end of July was 44.9 thousand people, or 1% of the economically active population of the country. In just 6 months of 2016, more than 81 thousand people were laid off in various spheres of the Belarusian economy on a net basis, while the number of unemployed during this period practically did not change.
Belstat has previously collected information on the real level of unemployment, however this information has not been published. The reason for the lack of publications is the significant gap between the official and real unemployment rate. The population census showed that about 6-7% of the economically active population of the country does not work anywhere. The publication of this data could spoil the overall picture of the achievements of social economic model country. The change in the approach to publishing the real unemployment rate is associated with possible cooperation with international financial institutions, which propose reforming the country's economic model, including by reducing the excess number of employees at enterprises and strengthening social protection of the unemployed. In this regard, the state loses its motivation to further conceal information, a more accurate accounting of the real level of unemployment is necessary to calculate the amount of funds that will need to be allocated to strengthen social protection of the unemployed and their retraining, and the amount of funding will serve as the basis for a subsequent increase in the volume of credit resources from outside. international lenders.
Thus, the level of official unemployment ceased to reflect real trends in the labor market. With the introduction of a new indicator, the unemployment rate may reach 5-7% of the economically active population of the country, and the amount of funds allocated for social protection of the unemployed can be multiplied, including through foreign loans.
According to Belstat, by the end of last year, there were 35.3 thousand officially registered unemployed. This figure is 1.4% lower than in November of the same year, and 18.5% lower than a year earlier. At the end of 2016, the registered unemployment in the country amounted to 0.8% of the number of economically active citizens... At the end of 2015, it was 1%.
Last year 239.2 thousand people were registered, who applied for assistance in finding a job. Of these, 70.1% or 167.6 thousand people were recognized as unemployed. Assistance in employment was provided to 159.8 thousand people, of which 109 thousand were unemployed. They accounted for 68.2% of all employed.
In 2016 there were 98 officially registered unemployed per 100 existing vacancies; at the end of the previous year, their number was 151. About two thirds of the unemployed are men; women accounted for 34% of the total number of such citizens. The average unemployed person turned out to be a 31.5-year-old man with a vocational or general secondary education, who was dismissed by agreement of the parties.
The richest region of Belarus - Soligorsk - was in the top 10 most unemployed. At the beginning of February, there were 581 official unemployed. the site looked in which districts there are most of the unemployed, and in which - the least.
The picture is for illustrative purposes only. Photo: Evgeniy Erchak, TUT.BY
Which area was the most unemployed
Still among the leaders in terms of unemployment Molodechno district- 528 unemployed at the beginning of February.
Of the interesting - among the unemployed areas was Soligorsk, where they cannot find a job, according to official statistics, 581 people. In January, the unemployed here increased by + 10.7%. Let us remind you that here they receive on average even more than the citizens of Minsk.
For example, in January, residents of the Soligorsk region earned an average of 1,423.5 rubles, and Minsk residents - almost 1189 rubles.
Top 10 most unemployed districts in January 2018 | |||
district | number of unemployed people | ||
Vetkovsky | 1,1 | 70 | +62,8% |
Molodechno | 0,9 | 528 | +8,6% |
Postavy | 0,9 | 130 | hasn't changed |
Lepelsky | 0,9 | 126 | +15,6 |
Maloritsky | 0,9 | 84 | +23,5 |
Yelsky | 0,9 | 61 | +24,5 |
October | 0,9 | 49 | +25,6 |
Soligorsk | 0,8 | 581 | +10,7 |
Orshansky | 0,8 | 518 | +1,8 |
Lidsky | 0,8 | 456 | -1,9 |
Let us recall that Postavy, Molodechno, Malorita, Orsha and Lida districts are among those in which, according to the authorities, it is most difficult to find a job. The list of territories with a tense situation on the labor market included two regional cities - Vitebsk and Brest, as well as such large industrial cities as Bobruisk, Baranovichi, Novopolotsk.
Where are the least unemployed
Minsk region in January he returned the title of the most "hard worker" - the level of registered unemployment at the beginning of February was 0.1%. The second line of the top remained for Berestovitsky, and the third - for Starodorozhsky district.
Top 10 most "working" districts in January 2018 | |||
district | registered unemployment rate,% | number of unemployed people | how the number of unemployed changed in January 2018 to December 2017,% |
Minsk | 0,1 | 134 | +14,5 |
Berestovitsky | 0,2 | 11 | hasn't changed |
Starodorozhsky | 0,2 | 15 | +15,4 |
Chaussky | 0,2 | 18 | +80% |
Miory | 0,2 | 19 | -9,5 |
Kamenetsky | 0,2 | 26 | -7,1 |
Shklovsky | 0,2 | 29 | hasn't changed |
Smolevichsky | 0,2 | 58 | +26,1 |
Glussky | 0,3 | 14 | -22,2 |
Liozensky | 0,3 | 18 | +5,9 |
The data in the text on the unemployment rate by district is given according to the information of the committees on labor, employment and social protection of the regional executive committees.
Unemployment is a phenomenon in which the economically active population, which is willing and able to work, is not able to find a paid job.
Exists several types of unemployment:
- forced;
- on on their own;
- structural;
- institutional;
- unstable;
- frictional;
- marginal;
- youth;
- registered;
- hidden.
To identify a person as unemployed, the age from ten to seventy-two years is taken into account. international standards, and from fifteen to seventy-two according to the methodology of the statistical bureau of the Russian Federation, as well as unemployment, lack of work, being in search of employment, willingness to start performing work duties in the future.
In order to determine the unemployment rate, which is an indicator of the number of unemployed, the ratio of unemployed to the total number of active population is calculated and reflected as a percentage.
In turn, employed persons are considered: employees of working age, entrepreneurs, family business workers, employers, members of cooperatives, collective farmers, working pensioners, as well as persons working but not yet of working age.
The employment ratio reflects the difference between the number of employed people to the total number of the economically active population.
Natural unemployment rate refers to the term "full employment". However, in this case, natural unemployment is not the same as the absence of unemployment as such. Natural unemployment can be defined as economic situation, in which there is no cyclical unemployment, but there is frictional and structural unemployment.
The prerequisites for natural unemployment can be factors such as lack of information, artificial barriers in legislation, bureaucracy, demographic changes, and much more. It is not possible to change the situation with natural unemployment in the short term; long-term economic reforms are needed.
Unemployment as an economic phenomenon also has negative social consequences... After all, a person whose income has significantly decreased, as well as a loss of qualifications has occurred, is doomed to psychosomatic reactions. And this, in turn, will inevitably result in social frigidity and worthlessness. And the latter is already fraught with an increase in suicidal and criminal cases. So, according to the famous academician Russian Academy Viktor Ivanter, an unemployed person, even if he receives unemployment benefits, becomes dangerous for society.
Unemployment rate in Belarus
If we talk about unemployment in Belarus, then apparently our country has something to be proud of. So, according to the latest data, at the beginning of the new year, the rate of officially registered unemployed reached an incredible minimum. However, what is the real unemployment rate in the country?
2016 to 2015,% |
|||
---|---|---|---|
September |
|||
according to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus
2017 to 2016,% |
|||
---|---|---|---|
September |
|||
2018 to 2017,% |
|||
---|---|---|---|
11,7 | |||
15,2 | 10,5 | 69,1 | |
14,8 | 10,7 | 72,3 | |
13,2 | 9,4 | 71,2 | |
10,6 | 8,2 | 77,4 | |
12 | 9,2 | 76,7 | |
September |
11 | 8,9 | 80,9 |
12,3 | 10,5 | 85,4 | |
10,9 | 9,3 | 85,3 | |
8,7 | 6,9 | 79,3 |
according to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus
2019 to 2018,% |
|||
---|---|---|---|
11,7 | 9,8 | 83,8 | |
10,6 | 84,9 | ||
10,3 | 79,6 | ||
10,5 | 8,8 | 83,8 | |
10,7 | 7,7 | 71,9 | |
9,4 | 7 | 74,5 | |
8,2 | 7 | 85,4 | |
9,2 | 7,1 | 77,2 | |
September |
8,9 | 7,8 | 87,6 |
10,5 | 8,1 | 77 | |
9,3 | 6,4 | 68,8 | |
6,9 |
according to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus
The low unemployment rate in Belarus in 2014 can be partially explained by the fact that many unemployed citizens do not want to register with employment services, or stock exchanges. The reason is the derisively low amount of the benefit, which has a time factor and is paid only for the first six months. In addition, to obtain scanty benefits, an unemployed person is obliged to take part in social work, for example, in collecting potatoes on collective farm fields, or cleaning streets and yards.
With a similar social and economic phenomenon not familiar with Norway. In this Scandinavian country, unemployment benefits are paid throughout life if a person is unwilling to work. Moreover, the amount of the benefit is equivalent to one and a half thousand. For that kind of money, Norwegians can live in the countries of Southeast Asia for six months, as respected and wealthy people.
According to the National Statistical Bureau of Belarus, as of January 1, 2015, the unemployment rate in Belarus fell to 0.5 percent. In quantitative terms, the number of the official unemployed amounted to almost twenty-five thousand people. Official data are far from what the country's actual unemployment rate is.
Many experts, including the former Minister of Labor of the Republic of Belarus Sosnova Alexandra, agree that the reluctance of the unemployed to officially register at the labor exchange because of the low benefits. So, unemployment benefits in Minsk in February 2014 amounted to 112 thousand 400 rubles, which at that time corresponded to 11 US dollars.
As mentioned above, another reason for the unemployment's reluctance to register officially is forced labor. Although, according to the convention of the International Labor Organization, such actions are prohibited in principle. In our country, this convention has already been ratified, which does not interfere government bodies continue to involve the unemployed in public works.
What else would need to be defined is the unemployment rate at full employment, which would provide a picture of natural unemployment. However, in the National Bureau of Statistics, such figures are for internal use only, and will not be released to the public.
However, as in any third country in the world, Belarus has found its own special way fight against unemployment. We are talking about the introduction of a tax on the unemployed in 2015.
At the end of 2016, the number of officially registered unemployed in Belarus amounted to 35.3 thousand people. This figure is 18.5% less than at the end of 2015 and 1.4% less than at the end of November 2016. According to the National Statistical Committee, the level of registered unemployment at the end of 2015 was 1% of the economically active population of Belarus, and at the end of 2016 - 0.8%. However, the actual unemployment rate published by Belstat according to a sample survey of households was 5.8% in 2016 (257.1 thousand people from the economically active population).
As of January 1, 2017, the coefficient of tension on the labor market in Belarus decreased from 1.5 to 1 unemployed per vacancy compared to January 1, 2016.
As of December 1, 2018, 14.2 thousand people were registered as unemployed, which is 41.1% less than on December 1, 2017 (24.1 thousand people). The registered unemployment rate was 0.3% and compared to the same period (0.6%) decreased by 0.3%.
Registered unemployment as of January 1, 2019 amounted to 0.3% and compared to January 1, 2018 (0.5%) decreased by 0.2%.
The level of official registered unemployment as of January 1, 2020 amounted to 0.2% of the labor force, which is 0.1% less than on January 1, 2019 - 0.3%.
2019 is marked by the demand for labor. As of January 1, 2020, the labor, employment and social protection authorities received information on the availability of 83.6 thousand vacancies, which amounted to 110.7% by January 1, 2019. The need for workers in blue-collar occupations amounted to 61.6% of the total vacancies. The coefficient of tension on the labor market in Belarus decreased from 0.2 as of January 1, 2019 to 0.1 unemployed per vacancy as of January 1, 2020.
according to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus
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