Accounting policy of PJSC Sberbank. Accounting staff, accounting policy in osb
The accounting staff is composed of specialists with specialized education and work experience in this specialty. The accounting is led by a chief accountant. Accounting specialists perform their functions in accordance with the job descriptions developed by the chief accountant. All operations recorded in accounting can be grouped as follows:
Figure 2 the structure of the accounting apparatus
Accounting for operations is carried out in accordance with the documents of the Central Bank, Sberbank of Russia and accounting policies. Responsibility for the organization of accounting lies with the manager of the department, in accordance with the Law on Accounting. Chief Accountant, in accordance with the Law, should be responsible for the formation of the accounting policy, but in the Sberbank system, the parent bank develops the accounting policy and brings it to subordinate institutions.
The accounting policy at Sberbank is developed on the basis of Accounting Rules (PBU) 1/98 and reflects the whole variety of operations performed by the department. Highlights include the following:
Accounting is built in accordance with the Regulation on accounting and reporting in the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of 07.29.98. No. 34H,
Chart of accounts financial economic activity Bank and instructions for its use, approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of 07.17.97. No. 61 (as amended)
Regulation "On the composition of the costs of production and sale of products (works, services), included in the cost of banking services, taken into account in the taxation of profits (approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of 16.05.94. No. 490 and 05.08.92. No. 552 (as amended and additions made by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 1, 1995 No. 661 and subsequent amendments),
Accounting policies are approved for each financial year and submitted to the local tax office. During the financial year, the department is guided by following rules conducting accounting.
The branch uses the accounting system, which includes a working chart of accounts of accounting - the same for all divisions of Sberbank, source documentsstipulated by the Goskomstat and Sberbank of Russia, the document management system and other accounting procedures necessary for the organization of accounting in the department (Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of December 22, 1995, No. 131, Resolution of the Goskomstat No. 71a).
The value boundary of the valuation of fixed assets is considered to be items worth at the acquisition date over 100 times the minimum monthly wage per unit established by law. The cost of buildings, structures, equipment, vehicle, is reflected in the account 604 "Property of the bank" according to the sellers' accounts paid or accepted for payment after they are capitalized and registered in accordance with acceptance and transfer acts.
Ground of decision: Regulation "On accounting and reporting in the Russian Federation of July 29, 1998, No. 34N.
Depreciation (amortization) of fixed assets is calculated on the basis of historical cost fixed assets and depreciation rates calculated on the basis of established depreciation rates.
Ground of decision: Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of 03.09.97. No. 65н Regulation on accounting "Accounting for fixed assets" PBU 6/97.
Poor and wearing items are considered items worth up to 100 times the minimum monthly wage established by law.
Depreciation of low-value and wearing items is calculated in the amount of 100% of the initial cost upon transfer to operation.
Ground of decision: Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of July 29, 1998. No. 34Н "Regulation on accounting and reporting in the Russian Federation", RAS 6/97.
Low-value items worth not more than one-twentieth of the established limit per unit in accordance with subparagraph "b" of paragraph 45 are written off to cost as they are put into operation. In order to ensure the safety of these items during operation, control over their movement is organized.
The value of intangible assets (patents, licenses, software products, rights of use land plots, is reflected in account 609 "Intangible assets" according to the sellers' accounts paid or accepted for payment after they have been capitalized and registered.
The procedure for calculating depreciation (amortization) for intangible assets:
- a) Monthly standards based on the initial cost and useful life.
- a) At a rate of 10% per year for intangible assets, for which it is impossible to determine the useful life - the rate is set for 10 years, but not more than the life of a bank branch.
Income and expenses are recorded on a cash basis on accounts 701 and 702 "according to the Regulation" On the composition of costs attributable to the cost of banking services "No. 490 of 05.16.94 and No. 552 of 05.08.92.
The profit on the balance of the branches is not formed, but transferred by the final turnover to the balance of the bank’s territorial divisions. Funds are not formed and not taken into account.
In order to ensure the reliability of the accounting data and statements, an inventory of property and cash is carried out:
- a) Cash - monthly;
- b) Inventory values \u200b\u200b- when changing materially responsible persons; in case of theft, fire and at the discretion of the head;
- c) Before preparing the annual financial statements no earlier than October 1 of the reporting year.
Identified during the inventory and other checks of the discrepancy between the actual availability of property and the accounting data, which turned out to be in excess should be capitalized and credited to the financial results (paragraphs 15, 17, 18 of the Regulation on Accounting and Reporting in the Russian Federation).
Work with legal entities involves not only settlement and cash services, but also lending, foreign exchange services. Work with legal entities is regulated by the Regulations on the respective structural divisions and official duties of the relevant employees.
However, often non-standard situations arise in working with bank customers. Such situations are also reflected in accounting policies. The functional responsibilities of the accounting and operations department include:
Advising clients on the services provided by the bank.
Control of settlement and payment documents of customers.
Providing settlement services.
Transfer non-cash ruble and foreign currency funds.
Acceptance, processing and sending of electronic payments.
Formation of statements of personal accounts.
Maintenance of correspondent accounts.
Maintaining a database of regulatory and reference information.
Preparation of reports on bank operations.
Maintenance of work of other divisions of the bank, dependent on DOE.
Control and certification of documents of other divisions of the bank.
The operations department is responsible for failure to perform or improper performance of established functional duties.
The basis for applying administrative and economic sanctions to the department is:
Negative customer assessment of service quality;
Violations in the activities of the unit identified during the audit by internal control bodies or external regulatory bodies.
In general, the presence of Regulations on departments that regulate all aspects of interactions between departments and customers is currently one of the indicators of quality management. And their absence can lead to serious complaints from the clientele.
The next important point in the organization of work with legal entities is the job descriptions of employees.
Job description is a list of requirements of a credit organization to an employee, his official rights and duties, responsibility and interaction with other employees and management.
In accordance with paragraph 1.2 of the Rules of reference. accounting since January 1998 Availability job descriptions in writing - required.
The preparation of job descriptions should be preceded by the compilation of the “Standard for the development of official documents of bank staff” and the “Regulation on personnel work”.
Here are the basic requirements for the management of work with legal entities.
So, "Accounting Policy" defines the activities of accounting in matters that may be of a different nature, for example, the choice of forms or methods of accounting, as well as in cases of non-compliance with tax laws. The accounting policy in all divisions of Sberbank is the same, therefore, a higher bank has no problems with the misreading of statements or other points.
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Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation
Federal Agency for Education
GOU VPO Tambov State Technical University
in practice
"Collection and processing economic information»
Completed student gr. SFK-42
Belyaeva M.A.
Head of practice from TSTU
Kulikova M.A.
Tambov 2014
Introduction
2. Organization of cash management services for customers
2.1 Criteria for choosing a bank
2.3 Types of accounts opened to a client at Sberbank
2.4 Procedure for opening, re-issuing and closing accounts with Sberbank
2.5 Agreement on settlement and cash services, its content
4. Collection and processing of information on working with securities and foreign exchange transactions
List of sources used
application
Introduction
application cash Sberbank
The place of practical training was chosen to DO No. 8594/3926 of the Tambov OSB No. 8594.
The purpose of production practice is the acquisition of skills in the field of economic information necessary for the work of a credit institution, as well as the ability to process and analyze the information received DO 8594/3926 of the Tambov OSB No. 8594.
The main objectives of the practice are:
Collection of economic information on credit work
Collection and processing of accounting and operational information
Accounting and financial reporting
Collection and processing of information on working with securities and foreign exchange transactions
As a result of the practice, the following practical skills were acquired:
to compile analytical tables characterizing the activities of commercial banks;
evaluate the effectiveness of the use of available resources of commercial banks;
to forecast the effectiveness of the credit institution in accordance with the decisions taken;
draw up the necessary economic documentation in accordance with accepted standards;
prepare accounting and statistical reporting;
efficient use of a workstation and new information technologies.
1. Description of accounting policies of Sberbank of Russia
The bank's accounting policy is based on the chart of accounts in credit organizations Russian Federation and Accounting Rules, which are developed taking into account accumulated experience banking system in our country, the prevailing practice of banking accounting in foreign countries.
In its work, the bank is guided by the following regulatory documents:
Constitution of the Russian Federation
Federal Law On Central bank Of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) ”dated July 10, 2002 No. 86-ФЗ
Federal Law on Deposit Insurance individuals in banks of the Russian Federation ”dated December 23, 2003 N177-ФЗ
Bank of Russia Regulation “On Accounting Rules in Credit Organizations Located in the Russian Federation” dated March 26, 2007 No. 302-P
Order of the Savings Bank of the Russian Federation “On approval of the Accounting Policy of Sberbank of Russia for accounting purposes” dated December 14, 2009 No. 363-O and the Accounting Policy of Sberbank of the Russian Federation
Bank of Russia Regulation “On Conducting Inter-Branch Settlements at Sberbank of Russia” No. 355-r
Bank of Russia Regulation on Cashless Payments in the Russian Federation of October 3, 2002 No. 2-P
In order to ensure comparability of accounting data, changes to the Accounting Policy are introduced from the beginning of the financial year.
When conducting accounting, the following requirements must be provided:
Completeness of accounting for reporting period all committed cash, settlement, credit and other banking operations;
Rational and correct accounting, based on local conditions for the volume of work performed, based on a comprehensive automated accounting system for banking and other operations;
The data of analytical accounting must correspond to the turnover and account balances of analytical accounting;
Timely reflection in the accounting of received income and expenses incurred, summing up the results of economic activity in accordance with applicable law and the requirements of the Bank of Russia;
Settlements on behalf of customers, business and other operations of the bank in accordance with the requirements of the Bank of Russia;
Monitoring compliance with instructions and instructions on the procedure for storage and transfer of cash, securities and bank values;
All business operations and the results of the inventory are subject to timely registration in the accounts of accounting without any omissions or exceptions;
Caution (or conservatism), i.e. ensuring greater readiness for recognition in accounting of expenses and liabilities than possible incomes and assets, avoiding the creation of hidden reserves (intentional underestimation of assets or income and deliberate overstatement of liabilities or expenses);
The prevalence of content over the form (reflection of operations in accordance with their economic substance, but not with the legal form);
Understandability (for a qualified user, reporting should contain all the necessary explanations and transcripts);
Materiality (reporting should provide a reliable reflection of the information essential for making management decisions);
Comparability (comparability of data for different periods);
Reliability (reporting should not contain significant distortions, and not mislead users). To be hopeful, reporting must:
Reliably reflect all operations, assets, liabilities and financial results;
Composed with a predominance of content over the form;
Be neutral (free from a subjective, interested approach);
Be conservative;
To be complete (omission of any fact may make reporting unreliable).
2. Organization cash management services of customers
2.1 Criteria for choosing a bank
Settlement and cash services is a service of mutual settlements of organizations, enterprises, companies; conducting, making such settlements through banks, other financial and credit institutions that conduct
settlement and cash services.
Settlement and cash operations - maintaining accounts of legal entities and individuals and making settlements on their behalf. Considering that for legal entities in our country, the storage of funds in commercial is mandatory, the function of settlement and cash services is one of the priority activities commercial bank.
Sberbank of Russia provides settlement and cash services in rubles and currency both to residents and non-residents of the Russian Federation and provides a full range of banking services existing in Russian financial market. High quality service is ensured by staff qualifications and the use of advanced banking technologies.
An important advantage of Sberbank of Russia is its own settlement system, uniting all territorial banks, within the framework of which document flow is carried out. Payment to any institution of Sberbank of Russia or a commercial bank participating in settlements with Sberbank of Russia is possible during the business day.
Settlement and cash servicing of clients is carried out only on condition that a settlement (current, other) account is opened, a full set of documents is provided and a bank account agreement is concluded.
Bank selection criteria:
1) Type of license. The bank must have a license to carry out all types of banking operations in any currencies or several separate licenses permitting work with individuals and legal entities;
2) Deposit insurance. The bank must participate in the deposit insurance system, which means a guaranteed return of the deposit up to a certain amount, even if the bank goes bankrupt;
3) Income. A reliable bank has an income of at least 1 billion rubles. for the last reporting period. The amount of income is one of the indicators of the size of the bank. Large banks are more reliable;
4) Loss. Reliable banks do not incur losses;
5) Emission bank cards. Permission to issue bank cards of well-known brands (VISA, Master Card, American Express) is given mainly to banks with a good reputation;
6) Deposits of individuals. A high level (over 1 billion rubles) and active replenishment of deposits is one of the indirect indicators that customers evaluate this bank as reliable;
Each client selects the most important criteria for himself. For example, in certain situations, a bank associated with the company they work for or a bank with many branches in the region where they live may be considered reliable for specific investors.
2.2 Purpose of the current account
Settlement accounts - the general name of accounts opened as part of a bank account agreement. The phrase "current account" according to established banking practice is applied to accounts intended for ordinary settlements in the currency of the Russian Federation - rubles. Accounts are classified depending on the currency of the account (accounts in rubles and in foreign currency); account holder (accounts of residents and non-residents; legal entities, entrepreneurs operating without the formation of a legal entity, and individuals; accounts of budgetary organizations, etc.); intended use of funds in the account (non-residents' accounts in rubles for current or investment operations, accounts for settlements using plastic cards, etc.).
Transactions in the ruble settlement account are reflected in the accounting registers on account 51 “Settlement accounts”. The debit of account 51 “Settlement accounts” reflects the receipt of funds, the credit of this account reflects the write-off of funds. Amounts erroneously credited to a credit or debit of a current account are reflected in account 76 “Settlements with different debtors and creditors ”(sub-account“ Settlements on claims ”). Operations on the current account are reflected in accounting on the basis of bank statements on the account and the monetary settlement documents attached to them.
Settlement accounts are opened for legal entities - residents, which are commercial organizations, and also for citizens - individual entrepreneurs operating without forming a legal entity.
An account opened at a bank institution with an enterprise or organization for carrying out monetary operations related to their operational activities. Each enterprise can be open only one R.S. R / accounts are intended and used for:
· Crediting to them proceeds from the sale of products (works, services), income from non-operating operations, amounts of loans received and other receipts;
· Settlements with suppliers, budgets (payment of taxes and equivalent funds), with workers and employees (payment of salaries and other payments included in the consumption fund), with banks (repayment of loans received and payment of interest on loans);
· Payments based on decisions of courts and other bodies having the right to make decisions on the recovery of funds from accounts of legal entities in an indisputable manner, etc.
2.3 Types of accounts opened to a client of Sberbank
The current account is classified according to the currency of the account:
1. Settlement account in russian rubles
A current account in Russian rubles of a legal entity-resident of the Russian Federation is opened on the basis of a bank account agreement and is intended for its owner to carry out settlement and cash transactions in rubles, provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
All payments from the account are made within the credit balance. An overdraft loan may be provided by the bank on conditions additionally agreed in writing by the parties.
2. Settlement account in freely convertible currency
A current account in freely convertible currency of a legal entity-resident of the Russian Federation is opened on the basis of a bank account agreement and is intended for its owner to carry out settlement and cash transactions in foreign currency provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation. At the same time as the current foreign currency account, the client opens a transit account in the same currency, which is intended to credit in full all foreign currency receipts in favor of the customer (with the exception of funds received from other foreign currency accounts of the client / other resident of the Russian Federation opened with the bank, and also due to the client from the bank under the agreements concluded between them), the identification of these receipts and the accounting of foreign exchange transactions, including when the client makes a mandatory sale of part of his foreign exchange earnings in the domestic foreign exchange market in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
All payments from accounts are made within the credit balance. An overdraft loan may be provided by a bank in a current foreign currency account on conditions additionally agreed in writing by the parties. Overdraft on transit accounts is not provided.
2.4 Procedure for opening, re-issuing and closing bank accounts
After a client opens an account with a commercial bank, the bank provides a range of services related to:
* opening and maintaining settlement, current and other customer accounts;
* organization and conduct of cashless payments;
* performing cash transactions.
The procedure for opening and the range of operations carried out from a current or current account is regulated by the Central Bank of Russia, and the mechanism for the operation of the corresponding account (the possibility of overdraft, etc.) is determined by the commercial bank in agreement with a specific client and is fixed by an agreement on settlement and cash services.
In accordance with the agreement, the bank assumes a number of obligations:
carry out all types of banking operations provided for by applicable law within the limits of their competence on the client’s account;
ensure the safety of all funds received in the client's account;
conduct operations to write off funds from the client’s account by bank transfer on his behalf;
ensure the confidentiality of information about the economic activities of the client and the operations carried out on his account;
give the client an extract from his account.
A current, current or any other account can be opened to the client both for a fee and for free. For settlement services, the bank charges a fee from the client in the amount of a fixed percentage of the amount of the payment made by the contract. Opening a current account with a bank for free implies that the latter will be able to provide the client with a wide range of other, paid, services, which compensates for the cost of conducting free operations on the current account.
According to Russian law (Law of the Russian Federation “On Banks and Banking Activities” (Article 30)), a client has the right to freely choose a bank for cash management services and can open as many accounts as he needs.
Based on the contract, the following shall be opened:
settlement accounts: for commercial organizations and citizens having the status of an entrepreneur;
current accounts: to budget organizations and, as a rule, branches, representative offices, branches and other separate divisions of legal entities on the basis of their application and indicating what kind of operations will be performed on these accounts.
Settlement account - an account for carrying out entrepreneurial activity, which is opened for enterprises operating on the principles of commercial settlement and having the status of a legal entity.
On this account, all operations related to the sale of goods and services, ensuring their production, production and other costs are carried out. Revenue is credited to this account.
Money is debited from this account for the payment of wages, payment of the cost of purchased components, etc., taxes are paid. This account allows you to perform almost any operation, because the owner himself determines the direction of use of funds, time and size of operations in accordance with applicable law.
In addition, the following types of checking account are distinguished:
account for joint activities;
account for performance of production sharing agreements.
A feature of the account for the implementation of joint activities is the plurality of its owners; the specific content of the account is determined by a joint venture agreement or a simple partnership agreement. The account can be managed by one of the parties to the contract, all participants equally or all together. Joint management of the account is not distributed, since it involves obtaining the consent of all owners for each individual payment. The account carries out all operations related to the implementation of joint activities. The account is opened and closed in accordance with the contract.
An account for the performance of work under production sharing agreements is opened with domestic and foreign banks in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Production Sharing Agreements” dated December 30, 1995 (Article 15); The peculiarity of this account is its use exclusively for the performance of these works. This account is opened in rubles and in foreign currency. For foreign investors a special procedure for opening and servicing an account is provided, which by its nature is related to foreign exchange transactions.
To carry out work under production sharing agreements, the account carries out operations for crediting and storing revenue, paying income tax, and payments for the use of subsoil. The investor uses the remaining funds freely at his discretion. If the proceeds are received in foreign currency, the rule on the mandatory sale and crediting of the ruble equivalent to the account does not apply if the account is used to perform work under production sharing agreements.
A current account is an account for financing non-profit legal entities, representative offices, structural units that do not carry out entrepreneurial activities. The current account is intended for storing money, targeted financing of its owner, as well as settlement transactions.
Compared to the owner of the current account, the independence of the owner of the current account is significantly limited, since he manages the funds in the current account in strict accordance with the estimate approved by the parent organization.
For current accounts, transactions in a current account are allowed. So, spectacular enterprises at the place of the tour open current accounts, to which the proceeds are credited.
Varieties of current accounts are:
budget accounts;
investment and conversion accounts.
Budget accounts are accounts opened by enterprises and organizations when they allocate funds from the federal, regional or local budgets for the implementation of certain types of activities. Subsidies, subventions, subsidies or other types of state appropriations and financing may be a form of provision of funds if it is not carried out by crediting money to a current or current account.
A feature of this type of account are two features:
intended purpose of credited money, controlled by general rule should the owner of the money or the person (body) to whom it is entrusted, although often such control is unlawfully imposed on banks;
the account has a limited lifespan of one year, since the budget in Russia is approved annually, and this means that at the end of the year such accounts must be closed and the balances on them transferred to the budget.
Investment and conversion accounts are accounts owned by accounting companies federal budgetprovided on a repayable and paid basis to finance conversion and investment programs.
To open a current (current or other) bank account, the client submits to the bank, in accordance with applicable law and banking rules and customs, the following documents:
application for opening an account;
copies of the charter, memorandum, protocol No. 1 general meeting, certificate of registration of the enterprise, order on the appointment of the chief accountant;
certificates on assignment of codes (from the State Committee for Statistics) and registration (from territorial bodies Ministry of Taxes and Duties of the Russian Federation);
copies of documents confirming registration with the Pension Fund, the Employment Fund, the Mandatory Fund health insuranceSocial Security Fund;
two cards with samples of signatures and print of the seal.
Constituent documents must be certified by notary or registration authorities. When filling out bank cards, signatures are recorded only in the presence of a notary or an official of a higher organization. Bank cards can be filled in the same way as the application - by hand. The right of the first signature belongs to the head of the enterprise or his deputy, the right to the second to the chief accountant, and in the absence of this position in the state, to the person entrusted with accounting. Granting the right to sign documents to these persons should be formalized by order of the enterprise. The presence of these two signatures on the settlement documents is the most important condition for accepting them for execution by the bank. If the company has a position with a different name instead of the position of chief accountant, then a note must be made on this in the card. If the staff of the enterprise does not have the position of an accountant or a person performing its functions, only the signature of the head is recorded. In the case of opening a settlement subaccount for a unit together with bank cards, an order from the parent company on the creation of the unit and an application listing those operations that are allowed to be performed on this subaccount are submitted to the bank.
When opening both the settlement sub-account and the current account, the charter of the unit approved by the parent organization is also submitted to the bank. Bank cards in case of opening a settlement sub-account and a current account are certified by a higher organization, its seal, notarization is not required.
A credit institution (bank) opens a bank account for a client on the terms agreed with both parties. A credit institution does not have the right to refuse to open an account for a client if the operations carried out on it are provided by law, constituent documents and a bank license, except in cases where such a refusal is caused by the bank's lack of technical and production ability to accept cash settlement services.
Opening an account takes place on the basis of an agreement on cash management services concluded between the bank and the client.
In accordance with the agreement, the bank assumes the following obligations:
on timely integrated settlement and cash services in accordance with applicable regulatory documents (settlements, the issuance of cash and settlement checkbooks, extracts from personal accounts, the implementation of postal and telegraph services, etc.);
to ensure the safety of all funds received to the client’s account and return them at the client’s first request, which is guaranteed by all movable and immovable property of the bank, its monetary funds and reserves, as well as measures taken by it to ensure its stability and liquidity;
to ensure bank secrecy about the accounts and operations of the client.
The client accordingly agrees:
submit to the bank the documents necessary for opening and maintaining an account;
comply with applicable laws and binding legal force for banks and legal entities that carry out settlements, regulatory acts on settlement services, cashless payments and cash transactions;
submit to the bank in a timely manner accounting and statistical reports and other documents necessary for the organization of cash management services;
inform the bank in advance of the closure of the account, etc.
As a rule, settlement and cash services are provided by banks for a fee. In this case, the contract provides for a special section on the cost of services and the procedure for paying for them. The agreements may include fees for opening an account, commissions for operations on a current account (a certain percentage of the amount of debit turnover or of the number and type of documents processed), for cash services for clients (a certain percentage of the amount of cash issued). The agreement may include the amount of interest paid by customers for a stable minimum or average balance in the client’s current account.
The settlement and cash services agreement stipulates the liability of both parties for failure to fulfill their obligations. So, the bank is responsible for untimely or incorrect debit of funds from the client’s account or the bank crediting the amounts due to the client.
The client, in turn, is responsible for:
· For the accuracy of the documents submitted for opening an account and conducting operations on it;
· For untimely provision of a cash forecast for the upcoming quarter;
· For violation of the terms of payment for services provided by the bank; for non-receipt of cash booked by the bank for it on the day specified in the application, etc.
The contract may fix the amount of fines for each of the listed violations for both one and the other side. The contract provides for the procedure for resolving disputes, its duration and special or additional conditions.
After providing all the specified documents for opening an account, signing an agreement for settlement and cash services, by order of the bank manager, the company’s account is assigned a number and a personal account is created to account for its funds.
When re-issuing an account in connection with a reorganization (merger, takeover, etc.) the same documents are presented to the bank as when opening an account.
In case of change of name or subordination, it is necessary not later than a month from the day of renaming or change of subordination to present the statement of the account holder about the relevant changes and a copy of this decision.
Closing an account can be carried out by decision of the account holder, owner of the property of the enterprise, bank, court of arbitration. At the initiative of the client, the bank account agreement may be terminated at any time and without any conditions. The Bank may terminate the settlement and cash services agreement in the following cases, if this is expressly provided for in the agreement:
· Failure to comply with the minimum balance of the account;
· Within a month from the day of warning of the bank client about it;
· Lack of operations on the account during the year.
Termination of contractual relations is carried out in two stages: (1) termination of the contract; (2) account closure. Within seven days after the termination of the contract, the balance in the account must either be issued to the client or transferred to another account.
An account may be closed upon recognition of the company as bankrupt, in the event of a decision to ban the activities of this business entity and in other cases provided for by law:
· When changing the nature of the activity associated with the loss of at least one of the signs necessary for this type of account;
· By decision of the authority that created the enterprise.
When the company switches to settlement services in another bank, it is necessary to notify your bank. In this case, the balance of the account is transferred to the new bank, documents for opening a current account, and unpaid documents are transferred. If the company has credit debt to the bank, then upon switching to another bank, it is obliged to repay the loan or obtain consent creditor bank for renewal of loan repayment obligations without changing the terms.
In addition to a bank account agreement, a bank deposit agreement may be entered into between the company and the bank, according to which the bank assumes the obligations of storing cash, paying income on it, returning these amounts on demand, fulfilling the depositor's instructions on deposit settlements. A contribution can be made by an enterprise for a certain period of time, with the right to receive it ahead of schedule at a lower percentage of income or for the intended use of these funds in accordance with the instruction of the enterprise. A bank deposit may be issued with a certificate of deposit, which is a written certificate of the bank on the deposit, certifying the right of the depositor or his successor to receive the deposit amount and interest on it after a specified period.
2.5 Agreement on settlement and cash services, on the content
Settlement and cash services agreement - an agreement between a commercial bank and a client that determines the functioning of the corresponding current account. In accordance with the agreement, the bank assumes a number of obligations:
Conduct all types of banking operations provided for by applicable law within the limits of their competence on the client’s account;
Ensure the safety of all funds received to the client's account; conduct operations to write off funds from the client’s account by bank transfer on his behalf;
Ensure the confidentiality of information about the economic activities of the client and the operations carried out on his account;
Issue to the client statements from his account. (Appendix 1)
2.6 Rules for filling out a cash application
There is a special department for lending in the bank - the credit department. The department in its activities is guided by:
Legislative acts of the Russian Federation;
Regulations of the Bank of Russia, the Ministry of Finance, the State Tax Service;
Regulation on the Branch;
Regulation on the credit department;
Organizational and administrative documents of the Branch.
The employees of the department, in accordance with the license of the Bank and the Regulation of the Branch in the manner and amount determined by the manager of the Branch, perform the following operations:
1. Acceptance of loan applications from legal entities. Registration of loan agreements.
2. Assessment of the effectiveness of the transaction, analysis of credit, financial and interest rate risk when issuing loans and ensuring their repayment.
3. Analysis of the financial condition and creditworthiness of the borrower. Collection and accumulation of necessary information for the borrower's credit history.
4. The issuance of loans and control over its development, intended use and repayment in accordance with loan agreements.
5. Conducting checks on the availability and storage of inventory items presented to the branch as a security for fixed customers.
6. Carrying out work on change interest rates and timely extension of existing contracts.
7. Analysis of credit, financial, and interest rate risks when buying and selling securities. Carrying out work to reduce them.
8. Continuous study of the current legislation, guidance materials, including regulatory materials on securities, lending operations, the basics of civil and labor law.
The results of the department’s activities are reflected in daily, monthly, annual reports provided to the relevant authorities.
Its employees, before concluding the contract, study and analyze the state of the economic and financial activities customer applying for a loan.
Due to the fact that all loans are paid, not only the terms of repayment are indicated, but also the purpose of the loan, the amounts receivable and payable (together with interest).
The procedure for granting a loan.
To obtain a loan, the Borrower submits documents to the Bank in accordance with Regulation No. 229-3-p II
The term for consideration of the issue and decision-making on granting (refusal to provide) a loan shall not exceed 7 working days from the date the Borrower provides the full package of documents.
Borrowing of the Borrower is based on:
· A loan agreement providing for a one-time loan;
· An agreement on the opening of a non-revolving credit line with the establishment of the maximum loan amount that the borrower can receive within the stipulated period and subject to certain conditions. A loan is issued within the maximum loan amount (loan limit), while the repaid part of the loan does not increase the free loan limit.
Methodology for determining the creditworthiness of borrowers.
To determine the creditworthiness of the Borrower, a quantitative (assessment of financial condition) and a qualitative risk analysis are carried out.
The purpose of the risk analysis is to determine the possibility, size and terms of the loan.
Assessment of the financial condition of the Borrower is made taking into account trends in changes in the financial condition and factors affecting these changes.
To this end, it is necessary to analyze the dynamics of estimated indicators, the structure of balance sheet items, asset quality, the main directions of the economic and financial policy of the enterprise.
When calculating indicators (coefficients), the precautionary principle is used, that is, the recalculation of the assets of the balance sheet downwards based on expert judgment.
To assess the financial condition of the Borrower, three groups of assessment indicators are used:
· Liquidity ratios;
· Ratio of eigenvalues \u200b\u200band borrowed money;
· Indicators of turnover and profitability.
For legal entities, the list of documents is as follows:
Application (indicating the amount, purpose of the loan, repayment period and form of security, as well as the legal and mailing address of the Borrower, phone numbers of managers). It is submitted without fail. For state and municipal unitary enterprises, the application must include a note on the agreement with the owner of the property or a document must be submitted on the agreement with the owner of the property on the volume and directions of use of borrowed funds.
Financial documents:
a) provided by a legal entity:
a copy of the annual financial statements certified by the organization (seal and signature) in full, compiled on the basis of sample forms provided in the Instructions on the procedure for the preparation and presentation of financial statements approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2003 No. 67n “On Accounting Forms” organizations reporting ”;
form No. 1 “Balance Sheet” and Form No. 2 “Profit and Loss Statement” (quarterly reports), certified by the organization (signature and seal);
copy audit report (if any) certified by the organization (signature, seal);
decryption of accounts receivable and accounts payable on the date of application;
information on loans received from other banks as of the date of application for a loan in the form established by the bank;
short term financial investments to the presented balances (at the request of the bank);
decryption of other current assets to the presented balances, in the context of balance sheets (at the request of the bank);
certificate of cash flows in current and foreign currency accounts for the last 6 months from service banks.
b) provided by an individual entrepreneur and legal entity using a simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting:
copy tax return for the last year and last quarter or an extract from the book of accounting for income and expenses, certified by the borrower (stamp, signature) on the amounts of income and expenses;
certificate of payment of a single tax on imputed income for the last year and subsequent quarters;
other reporting in accordance with applicable law.
Feasibility study documents:
a business plan or an extract from a business plan for the current year or for the period of use of the loan, if the loan repayment period is provided for in the next (next) year (s);
copies of existing contracts (agreements) certified by the Borrower (upon request of the bank);
marketing, production and management plans (if available, at the request of the bank);
Documents on the provided security:
a) when pledging real estate for a notary public:
title documents;
certificate of no encumbrance on the property;
insurance policy, according to which the Bank acts as the beneficiary, with a mandatory annual (or with another periodicity, depending on the insurance term) re-issuance. It is provided to the Bank after a decision on the issuance of credit and real estate insurance in the manner established by the bank
a document confirming the right to a land plot with drawings of the boundaries of this plot, issued by the Committee on Land Resources and Land Management;
document on registration of real estate and a plan of the property.
b) when pledging vehicles:
a copy of the technical passport (vehicle passport), certified by the loan officer;
insurance policy under which the beneficiary is the Bank. An insurance policy is provided in case of a decision by the credit committee of the lending unit to insure the vehicle against the risks of losses.
c) when pledging goods in circulation:
documents confirming the availability of inventory items (inventory) and their value (statements of inventory balances, invoices, invoices, warehouse receipts, goods reports and other documents, according to the established account in accordance with applicable law).
d) when pledging equipment:
documents confirming ownership of the pledged item (for example, a contract with a specification, layout, shipping documents);
documents confirming payment of customs duty (upon import)
if necessary, documents confirming the payment of equipment;
commissioning certificate or acceptance certificate;
other documents in accordance with established accounting, in accordance with applicable law.
e) when pledging securities:
securities, acceptance certificate (drawn up after the decision on the loan is issued in the manner prescribed by the bank).
e) upon acceptance of guarantees and sureties:
guarantees and contracts of guarantee;
a notice from the guarantor of his consent to the indisputable debiting of funds from his current (current) account and a note from the bank serving the guarantor about the acceptance of the guarantee.
g) when pledging rights, the pledgor shall provide the pledge holder with documents confirming the existence of the pledged right in accordance with applicable law.
The credit process is a method and methods of implementation credit relationslocated in a certain sequence and accepted by this bank.
The main objective of the loan process is to ensure regular payment of interest on the debt and repayment of the loan.
Of course, for each loan there is a risk of default due to unforeseen developments. The bank can pursue a policy of issuing loans only to absolutely reliable borrowers, but then it will miss many profitable opportunities. At the same time, if there are difficulties with repaying a loan, it will cost the bank very expensive. Therefore, a reasonable credit policy is aimed at ensuring a balance between caution and the maximum use of all potential opportunities for the profitable allocation of resources.
Repayment of loans means the return of cash to banks and payment of the corresponding amount of interest. Loan repayment is the crown of all the work done by the entire credit unit and the answer to the question of how well and professionally the employees worked at all the previous stages of the loan process.
If a debtor without problems repays a loan and pays interest on it, it remains only to close the credit business (dossier) and keep in mind the future of this borrower as a promising one and already having a positive credit history in this bank.
If there is a default on the loan and non-payment of interest, then all the employees of the bank’s credit department will have to carry out colossal work to eliminate this problem loan, and then must make an analysis of the mistakes made in the process of deciding whether to grant a loan and verify its use. But in the case of the adoption of high-quality loan collateral, allowing quick implementation and repayment of the principal, interest on it, fines and late fees, we can talk about closing a problem loan in the event of any crisis.
2. Collection and processing of accounting and operational information.
Settlement services for enterprises and organizations in the Security Council of the Russian Federation include:
1) operations on opening and servicing current, customer accounts;
2) control over the implementation by customers of cash register operations and cash discipline.
The complex of services for servicing an account involves:
1) receiving and crediting funds received to the account;
2) fulfillment of the client’s order to transfer the corresponding amounts from the account;
3) acceptance to the account and cash withdrawal from the account in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
4) making payments in the forms established by law and banking rules through the RCC network or the accounts of their correspondent banks.
The following forms of cashless payments are used:
1) payment orders;
2) payment orders-requirements;
4) letters of credit.
The moment a bank receives payment documents from a client means:
1) for documents in paper form delivered by an authorized person of the client to the workplace of the operator (the time the operator accepted these documents for execution);
2) for documents submitted for execution to the bank using the “client-bank” electronic system provided by the bank to the client - the time the bank receives these documents from the client. The time of admission is fixed to the nearest hour.
Settlement services for enterprises and organizations are carried out on the basis of an agreement concluded between the client and the bank.
The bank’s operational day is the first half of the bank’s business day, during which documents are received, incl. billing.
The beginning of the working day begins with the execution of documents - bringing the documents to their final state.
The duties of a specialist in the operations department include preparing an extract for customers with postings of the previous day until 10-00.
Acceptance of payment documents is carried out throughout the working day. Payment orders accepted on paper until 13-00 and payment orders accepted through the Client-Bank system until 16-00 are held on the current day.
The specialist in the operational department processes the settlement documents:
money orders;
payment requirements;
contribution announcements;
payments for collection.
Upon receipt of payment documents on paper
checked the correctness of their design. Settlement documents must contain the following details (taking into account the peculiarities of the forms and the procedure for making cashless payments):
a) the name of the settlement document and the form code according to OKUD OK 011-93;
b) the number of the settlement document, the date, month and year of its statement;
c) type of payment;
d) the name of the payer, his account number, tax identification number (TIN);
e) the name and location of the payer's bank, its bank identification code (BIC), number of the correspondent account or sub-account;
f) the name of the recipient of funds, his account number, tax identification number (TIN);
g) the name and location of the beneficiary's bank, its bank identification code (BIC), number of the correspondent account or subaccount;
h) purpose of payment. The tax payable is highlighted in the settlement document on a separate line (otherwise there should be an indication that the tax is not paid). Features of specifying the purpose of payment in relation to individual species Settlement documents are regulated by the relevant chapters and clauses of the Regulation;
i) the amount of payment indicated in words and numbers;
j) priority of payment;
k) type of operation in accordance with the rules of accounting with the Bank of Russia and credit organizations located in the Russian Federation;
l) signatures (signature) of authorized persons (persons) and seal imprint (in established cases).
Settlement documents issued in violation of established requirements are not subject to acceptance.
Documents not sent by flights: 1st flight to 11-00, 2nd to 14-00, 3rd to 16-00 are formed for sending on the 4th flight until 18-00. Payment orders are checked for “red” balances and for compliance with 115-FZ “On counteracting the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism”.
If there is insufficient money in the account to satisfy all the requirements presented to it, funds are debited as they are received in the order established by law.
If the document does not meet the requirements of 115-FZ, the client is refused to perform this operation.
In addition, the duties of specialists in the operations department include advising clients by phone on all matters related to their activities.
Settlements by payment orders.
The predominant form of settlements are settlements by payment orders. Settlements are regulated by articles 863-866 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. A payment order is the order of the account holder of the bank serving him, drawn up by a settlement document, to transfer a certain amount of money to the recipient's account of funds opened with the bank. Letterhead standard form, orders are certified by signature response. contractor, seal of the client and the stamp of the bank. Payment orders transfer funds for goods, services, work to the budget and extra-budgetary funds, and other payments under the law.
A payment order is drawn up in four copies for non-resident settlements (postal) and in three copies for settlements with customers of one bank, and for electronic exchange in two copies.
Work with copies of the order:
1) the first copy remains with the bank as the basis for conducting operations on RT operations (payer's bank);
2) the second and third copies are transferred to the bank of the recipient of funds
3) the fourth copy is an annex to the statement of the client account, which is drawn up with the mark “accepted”, “date” and “signature”.
A payment order is accepted by the bank only if there is money in the account, with the exception of cases of debiting funds without acceptance. Funds are credited to customer accounts within the time period determined by Article 849 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, i.e. no later than the next day.
The order is valid for 10 days, not counting the day of discharge. The client has the right to request from the bank information on the crediting of funds on the basis of the issued order, if they are credited inappropriately, i.e. to another customer.
Settlements by letters of credit.
A letter of credit is a monetary obligation of a bank issued by him on behalf of a client in favor of his counterparty under an agreement under which a bank that has opened a letter of credit (issuer) can make a payment to the supplier subject to the provision of documents (invoices, invoices and other shipping documents).
Letter of credit - a form of settlement, which is governed by articles 867-873 of the Civil Code. The letter of credit form of payment can be used only in cases provided for by the contract. To account for letters of credit received at the bank, the off-balance account 90907 “Issued Letters of Credit” is opened at the issuing bank.
Each letter of credit can be revocable and irrevocable. With a revocable agreement, it can be changed or canceled without the consent of the supplier in case of non-compliance with the terms of the contract, and with an irrevocable agreement it cannot be changed or canceled without the consent of the supplier.
To open a letter of credit, the payer submits to the bank applications in 6 copies, which indicate the main details:
the first requisite - the basis for debiting funds from the buyer's account;
the second copy is sent through the RCC on a credit memo and is the basis for reflecting the deposited amount on the correspondent account;
the third and fourth copies are sent to the executing bank for accounting and issuance with a statement by the supplier.
the fifth instance is used to reflect off-balance sheet postings;
the sixth copy is returned as a receipt for the application.
When paying on letters of credit, the supplier's bank must verify that the supplier complies with all conditions of the letter of credit. Cash payment from a letter of credit is not allowed. The letter of credit is closed:
upon expiration;
at the request of the supplier;
according to the buyer.
All claims against the supplier, except those arising through the fault of the bank,
are considered without the participation of the bank in a lawsuit (through the Arbitration Court).
Settlements by checks.
A check is a security containing an unconditional order from a drawer to a bank to make a payment of the amount indicated therein to a check holder. The drawer is a legal entity that has money in the bank, which he has the right to manage by issuing checks, the holder of the check is the legal entity in whose favor the check was issued, and the payer is the bank in which the drawer's funds are located.
The procedure and conditions for the use of checks in payment transactions are governed by part two Civil Code Of the Russian Federation, and in so far as it is not regulated, by other laws and banking rules established in accordance with them.
The check is paid by the payer at the expense of the money of the drawer.
The drawer is not entitled to withdraw the check before the deadline for its presentation for payment.
Submission of a check to the bank serving the check holder to receive payment shall be considered presentation of the check for payment.
The check payer is required to verify by all means available to him that the check is genuine. The procedure for damages incurred as a result of payment by the payer of a forged, stolen or lost check is regulated by law.
Storage of check forms by banks is carried out in the manner prescribed by regulatory acts of the Bank of Russia.
For cashless payments, checks issued by credit organizations may be used.
Checks of credit organizations can be used by customers of the credit organization issuing these checks, as well as in interbank settlements in the presence of correspondent relations.
Checks issued by credit institutions are not used for settlements through units of the Bank of Russia settlement network.
The check should contain everything obligatory detailsestablished by part two of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and may also contain additional details determined by the specifics of banking activities and tax legislation. The form of the check is determined by the credit institution on its own.
3. Accounting and financial reporting
After reviewing the balance sheet of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the profit and loss statement and carefully studying them, we can conclude that the Bank is developing steadily, its reserves are increasing (see Appendix 1 and Appendix 2).
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Introduction
The appearance of money was preceded by barter - a direct non-cash exchange of goods or services.Money lenders , lending money at interest, appeared in ancient times. Banking existed in Babylonia in the 8th century BC. Babylonian merchants even knew a bank ticket, called the gudu (hudu) and had the same treatment as gold.
Bank (from Italian. Banco - a bench, a table on which money changers laid out coins) is a financial and credit institution whose main function is to provide financial services to legal entities and individuals.
Russian banks appeared only in the XVIII century. In 1786, the State Borrowed Bank was established. In 1860, the State Commercial Bank was transformed into the State Bank of the Russian Empire, and in 1882 a public bank was established in the city of Melekess in the Samara Province (now Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk Region).
Banks play an extremely important role in the mechanism of functioning of a market economy. With the help of banks, capital is transferred to the most profitable sectors and regions, which contributes to the economic, social and technological progress of society. The banking system of the Russian Federation is two-tier, where the first level isCentral Bank of the Russian Federation , the second includes credit organizations: commercial banks and other non-bank financial and credit institutions.
The Savings Bank of the Russian Federation is the oldest bank in the country and the only bank that has retained its structure after the collapse of the USSR. New economic realities and market reforms of the early 90s required serious changes in the Bank’s work, quick response to the changing situation. The main tasks of the first years of activity in the new conditions were the tasks of preserving the integrity of the Bank's system, maintaining positions in the market of retail banking services and household deposits, creating a material and technical base that provides the necessary conditions for customer service. The solution to these problems became possible due to the strict centralization of the Bank's management structure.
The purpose of this report is to determine the main activities of the bank, its characteristics, position in market economy, as well as determining the path of further development.
1. Characteristics of the organization.
1.1. Organization Information
The company (full official) name of the Bank: Open Joint-Stock Company Savings Bank of the Russian Federation Dimitrovgrad Branch No. 4272
Short name: OJSC Sberbank of Russia Dimitrovgrad OSB No. 4227
Legal address:
Russia, 117997, Moscow, Vavilova St., 19
Mailing address:
Russia, 433508, Ulyanovsk Region, Dimitrovgrad, Gagarin St., 6
Requisites:
Settlement account 3010180000000000602 in the State Reserves Center of the Bank of Russia in the Ulyanovsk Region
Correspondent account: 30101810500000000607 in the RCC Dimitrovgrad
TIN 7707083893 KPP 730202001
BIC 047308602
OKPO 02817107
OKONH 96130
OKATO 73405000000
Recipient:
Sberbank of Russia OJSC Dimitrovgrad branch No. 4272
1.2. Financial policy
The Bank is a legal entity and, with its branches and other separate subdivisions, makes up a single system of Sberbank of Russia. Owns separate property, recorded on its independent balance sheet.
The shareholders of the Bank are legal entities and individuals, including foreign ones, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The Bank is liable for its obligations with all its property, on its own behalf acquires and exercises property and non-property rights, bears obligations, may be a plaintiff and defendant in court.
The shareholders of the Bank are not liable for the obligations of the Bank and bear the risk of losses associated with its activities to the extent of the value of their shares. The Bank is not liable for the obligations of its shareholders.
The Bank is entitled to participate independently or jointly with other legal entities and individuals in other commercial and non-commercial organizations on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad, in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation and the corresponding foreign state.
The Bank is established without a time limit and carries out its activities on the basis of a license from the Bank of Russia.
The Bank, including its branches, is independent of state and local government bodies when making decisions.
Fig. 1 OSB organizational structure
Banking and other transactions
The main objective of the Bank It is raising funds from individuals and legal entities, carrying out credit and settlement and other banking operations and transactions with individuals and legal entities for profit.
The Bank carries out the following banking operations:
- attracts funds of individuals and legal entities in deposits (demand and for a certain period);
- places the funds raised above on its own behalf and at its own expense;
- opens and maintains bank accounts of individuals and legal entities, carries out settlements on behalf of clients, including correspondent banks;
- collects cash, bills, payment and settlement documents and provides cash services to individuals and legal entities;
- buys and sells foreign currency in cash and non-cash forms;
- attracts deposits and places precious metals;
- issues bank guarantees;
- carries out money transfers on behalf of individuals without opening bank accounts (with the exception of postal transfers).
In addition to the banking operations listed above, the Bank carries out the following deals:
- issues guarantees for third parties providing for the fulfillment of obligations in cash;
- acquires rights of demand from third parties for the performance of obligations in cash;
- carries out trust management of cash and other property under an agreement with individuals and legal entities;
- carries out operations with precious metals and precious stones in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
- leases to individuals and legal entities special premises or safes located in them for storing documents and valuables;
- carries out leasing operations;
- Provides brokerage, consulting and information services.
The Bank carries out currency control for operations of customers - individuals and legal entities.
The Bank issues and maintains bank cards. The Bank is entitled to distribute and service cards of other issuers.
All listed banking operations and transactions are carried out in rubles and in foreign currency.
The Bank is entitled to issue, purchase, sell, record, store and perform other operations with securities that perform the functions of a payment document, with securities confirming the attraction of funds in deposits and bank accounts, with other securities, and also has the right to carry out trust management indicated securities under an agreement with legal entities and individuals.
The Bank has the right to carry out professional activities in the securities market in accordance with federal laws.
Within its competence, the Bank ensures the protection of information constituting a state secret.
Table 1. Relations of Sberbank of Russia with other organizations
Name of the organization | Purpose of cooperation |
Legislature, Government of Russia. Long-term partnerships with the Bank of Russia, the Ministry of Finance, and others will be developed. federal ministries and departments. Regional administrations. | Development of bills and other documents aimed at developing the banking system, improving the investment climate of the country.
Practical issues of improving the payment system and monetary policy, participation in programs of issuing government securities, lending to the real sector of the economy and especially significant federal programs. A wide range of economic, financial and social issues, including lending to cash gaps in local budgets, participation in regional investment programs, providing the Bank with the ability to service budget cash flows, pay taxes and utility bills. |
Since 1994, Sberbank of Russia has been actively cooperating with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). |
The interaction of Sberbank of Russia with the EBRD is developing in two main areas:
Trade Facilitation Program |
Links with banks all over the world. |
In order to facilitate the foreign economic activity of customers and improve the quality of international settlements, Sberbank of Russia maintains correspondent relations with more than 200 leading foreign banks. With more than 1000 banks worldwide, an agreement was reached on direct settlements on sWIFT system. The international correspondent network of Sberbank of Russia covers all continents, thereby providing customers with the opportunity to make payments anywhere in the world. |
Stock and currency exchanges, trading systems. Close interaction and cooperation with other major banks with a high share of state participation, large banks and investment companies, leading participants in the foreign exchange and stock markets. The Bank participates in the work of public associations and associations of market participants. With national export agencies, partnerships with Russian foreign banks, large foreign banks, investment and venture funds are increasing significantly. | The solution to the most pressing strategic and current issues of the development of the banking system.
In the field of shopping and project financeprimarily through the leading trading partners of Russia and taking into account the interests of the Bank’s largest customers. In the field of joint implementation of mutually beneficial projects. |
Organization of accounting and operational work in the bank includes:
- construction of the accounting and operational apparatus;
- organization of the working day and workflow;
- intrabank control.
In the structure of the accounting and operational apparatus, accounting groups are allocated that maintain accounts that are uniform in economic content. The number of groups and their composition depends on the direction and scale of the bank.
For example, account management: accounting and operational employees, trusted bank employees draw up and sign settlement and monetary documents. Accounts and operations are distributed among the relevant executors, registered in a special book, executed by the signatures of the chief accountant and employees.
When registering banking operations, it is necessary to ensure control over the legality of operations and safety of funds. The responsible executor checks the correctness of the document and confirms it with his signature. If the document requires additional verification, then it passes it to the controller, after verification of which the operation is performed, all operations performed with varying degrees of detail are reflected in the accounts of accounting.
Accounting is one of the structural divisions of the bank. But the bank’s accounting staff is not limited to bookkeeping, as structural unitbecause in almost all divisions of a large bank there are accountants who form the balance sheet of the bank according to the accounts of the respective divisions (currency transactions, securities, etc.)
The final stage of the accounting process is a general description of the state of the bank at a certain date by drawing up a balance sheet and other reporting forms.
1.3. Accounting policy
The accounting policy of the bank is based on the Chart of Accounts in Credit Institutions of the Russian Federation and the Accounting Rules, which are developed taking into account the accumulated experience of the banking system in our country and the prevailing banking practice in foreign countries.
In its work, the bank is guided by the following regulatory documents:
- Constitution of the Russian Federation
Federal Law "On Banks and Banking Activities" dated December 2, 1990 No. 395-1
Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)" dated July 10, 2002 No. 86-ФЗ
Federal Law "On Insurance of Deposits of Individuals at Banks of the Russian Federation" dated December 23, 2003 N177-ФЗ
Federal Law "On Accounting" dated November 21, 1996 No. 129-ФЗ
Bank of Russia Regulation “On Accounting Rules in Credit Organizations Located in the Russian Federation” dated March 26, 2007 No. 302-P
Order of the Savings Bank of the Russian Federation “On approval of the Accounting Policy of Sberbank of Russia for accounting purposes” dated December 14, 2009 No. 363-O and the Accounting Policy of Sberbank of the Russian Federation
Bank of Russia Regulation “On Conducting Inter-Branch Settlements at Sberbank of Russia” No. 355-r
Bank of Russia Regulation on Cashless Payments in the Russian Federation of October 3, 2002 No. 2-P
When conducting accounting, the following requirements must be provided:
- completeness of reflection in the accounting for the reporting period of all completed cash, settlement, credit and other banking operations;
- rational and correct accounting, based on local conditions for the volume of work performed, based on a comprehensive automated accounting system for banking and other operations;
- data of analytical accounting must correspond to the turnover and balances of accounts of analytical accounting;
- timely reflection in accounting of received income and expenses incurred, summing up the results of economic activity in accordance with applicable law and the requirements of the Bank of Russia;
- settlements on behalf of customers, business and other operations of the bank in accordance with the requirements of the Bank of Russia;
- monitoring compliance with instructions and instructions on the procedure for storage and transfer of cash, securities and bank values;
- all business operations and inventory results are subject to timely registration on accounting accounts without any omissions or exceptions;
- discretion (or conservatism), i.e. ensuring greater readiness for recognition in accounting of expenses and liabilities than possible incomes and assets, avoiding the creation of hidden reserves (intentional underestimation of assets or income and deliberate overstatement of liabilities or expenses);
- the prevalence of content over the form (reflection of transactions in accordance with their economic nature, and not with the legal form);
- understandability (for a qualified user, reporting should contain all the necessary explanations and transcripts);
- materiality (reporting should provide a reliable reflection of the information essential for making management decisions);
- comparability (comparability of data for different periods);
- reliability (reporting should not contain significant distortions, and not mislead users). To be hopeful, reporting must:
- Reliably reflect all operations, assets, liabilities and financial results;
- compiled with a predominance of content over the form;
- - be neutral (free from a subjective, interested approach);
- be complete (omission of any fact may render the statements unreliable) ..
- 2.
Features of accounting in Sberbank
The basis for entries in accounting registers are primary accounting documents that record the fact of the transaction. Transactions are reflected in accounting on the day of their commission (receipt of documents), unless otherwise provided by regulatory acts of the Bank of Russia.
For registration of operations, standard forms of primary accounting documents are used, provided by the Bank Russia or contained in the albums of unified forms of primary accounting records.
The central office and branches of Sberbank of Russia conduct an inventory of fixed assets (fixed assets), intangible assets (intangible assets), settlements on claims and obligations on banking operations and transactions, claims and obligations on derivatives transactions, settlements with debtors and creditors.
The procedure for conducting an inventory of property and reporting results for the central office and branches of Sberbank of Russia is determined by the "Procedure for conducting an inventory of material assets in Sberbank of Russia and its branches" No. 303-2-r.
In accordance with Bank of Russia Regulation No. 302-P, assets and liabilities are carried at their initial cost at the time of acquisition or occurrence. The initial cost does not change until they are written off, sold or repurchased, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation and Bank of Russia regulations.
Assets and liabilities in foreign currency, precious metals are revalued as the exchange rate and metal prices change in accordance with Bank of Russia regulations.
Assets, claims and liabilities, the specific value (value) of which is determined using non-separable embedded production tools (NVPIs), are reassessed (recalculated) daily, reflecting the differences arising from the corresponding items of income / expenses from the date of transfer of ownership of the delivered asset (date of receipt) works, services) until the date of actual payment.
The value of fixed assets (OS) changes in cases of completion, retrofitting, modernization, reconstruction, revaluation, partial liquidation of the respective objects in accordance with Bank of Russia regulations. Fixed assets are revalued regularly so that the cost at which they are reflected in accounting and reporting does not differ significantly from the current (replacement) value. The increase in property value due to revaluation is a source of equity (capital) of the second level.
Groups of homogeneous intangible assets can be revalued no more than once a year (at the beginning of the reporting period) at the current market value, determined solely on the basis of the active market of these intangible assets.
Securities are accepted for accounting at actual acquisition costs. Actual acquisition costs for interest (coupon) securities, in addition to the cost of a security at an acquisition price determined by the terms of an agreement (transaction), also include interest (coupon) income paid upon its acquisition.
After initial recognition, the value of debt instruments changes taking into account interest income accrued and received from the moment of initial recognition of debt instruments. Interest (coupon) income is accrued and reflected in accounting daily. Securities are recorded on the respective balance sheet accounts for accounting for investments in securities, depending on the purpose of the acquisition.
Securities “measured at fair value through profit or loss”, as well as securities “available for sale”, are subject to daily revaluation at the current (fair) value of securities.
The central office and branches of Sberbank of Russia daily compile and print out the balance sheet of the credit institution and the turnover sheet on the accounts of the credit institution, and the profit and loss statement is generated and stored in electronic form and printed out as necessary.
The central office and branches of Sberbank of Russia can keep an electronic book for registering open accounts. For each first day of the year following the reporting year, the Book is printed on paper in part of the accounts valid as of January 1.
Personal accounts for which (a) operations (i) were performed and documents that have a shelf life of more than ten years are subject to printing and storage on paper as the transactions are completed, while the personal account is printed according to which documents stored over ten years.
The bank balance sheet characterizes in monetary terms the state of the resources of commercial banks, the sources of their formation and directions of use, as well as the financial results of banks at the beginning and end of the reporting period. The bank balance sheet is the main accounting document that reflects the balances of all personal accounts of analytical accounting. Analysis of balance sheet data gives a comprehensive description of the activities of banks for a certain period. Analysis of the balance allows you to determine the availability of equity, changes in the structure of sources of resources, composition and dynamics of assets, etc. In addition, on the basis of the balance it is possible to judge the state of liquidity, profitability, possible prospects for the development of commercial banks.
The composition and structure of the balance sheet of banks depend on the nature and specifics of their activities, the principles of building accounting in banks and the banking operations used.
Users of information contained in accounting are divided into:
- internal (leaders, founders, members of the organization);
external (investors, creditors, etc.).
The chart of accounts and the Rules for its application are based on the following accounting principles: business continuity, constancy of accounting rules, caution, reflection of income and expenses on a cash basis, separate reflection of assets and liabilities, reflection of transactions on the day of receipt of documents, continuity of incoming balance and his openness.
A credit institution compiles a consolidated balance sheet and reports generally on a credit institution for second-order accounts.
Accounts in accounting are defined only active or only passive.
The General Chart of Accounts is divided into the following complexes:
A. Balance sheet accounts;
B. Trust Accounts;
B. Off-balance sheet accounts;
G. Emergency operations;
etc.................
The value boundary of the valuation of fixed assets is considered to be items worth at the acquisition date over 100 times the minimum monthly wage per unit established by law. The cost of buildings, structures, equipment, vehicles, is reflected in the account 604 "Property of the Bank" according to the accounts of sellers paid or accepted for payment after their posting and registration according to acceptance and transfer acts.
Ground of decision: Regulation "On accounting and reporting in the Russian Federation of July 29, 1998, No. 34N.
Depreciation (amortization) of fixed assets is calculated on the basis of the initial cost of the fixed assets and depreciation rates calculated on the basis of established depreciation rates.
Ground of decision: Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of 03.09.97. No. 65н Regulation on accounting "Accounting for fixed assets" PBU 6/97.
3. Items of low value and wear and tear are considered to be items worth up to 100 times the minimum monthly wage established by law.
Depreciation of low-value and wearing items is calculated in the amount of 100% of the initial cost upon transfer to operation.
Ground of decision: Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of July 29, 1998. No. 34Н "Regulation on accounting and reporting in the Russian Federation", RAS 6/97.
3.2 Low-value items with a value of not more than one-twentieth of the established limit per unit in accordance with subparagraph "b" of paragraph 45 are written off to cost as they are put into operation. In order to ensure the safety of these items during operation, control over their movement is organized.
The procedure for calculating depreciation (amortization) for intangible assets:
The cost of intangible assets (patents, licenses, software products, rights to use land plots, is reflected in account 609 "Intangible assets" according to the sellers' accounts paid or accepted for payment after they have been capitalized and registered.
a) Monthly standards based on the initial cost and useful life.
a) At a rate of 10% per year for intangible assets, for which it is impossible to determine the useful life - the rate is set for 10 years, but not more than the life of a bank branch.
Income and expenses are recorded on a cash basis on accounts 701 and 702 "according to the Regulation" On the composition of costs attributable to the cost of banking services "No. 490 of 05.16.94 and No. 552 of 05.08.92.
The profit on the balance of the branches is not formed, but transferred by the final turnovers to the balance of the territorial divisions of the bank. Funds are not formed and not taken into account.
6. In order to ensure the accuracy of the accounting data and statements, an inventory of property and cash is carried out:
a) Cash - monthly;
b) Inventory values \u200b\u200b- when changing materially responsible persons; in case of theft, fire and at the discretion of the head;
Identified during the inventory and other checks of the discrepancy between the actual availability of property and the accounting data, which turned out to be in excess should be capitalized and credited to the financial results (paragraphs 15, 17, 18 of the Regulation on Accounting and Reporting in the Russian Federation).
Work with legal entities involves not only settlement and cash services, but also lending, foreign exchange services. Work with legal entities is regulated by the Regulations on the respective structural divisions and official duties of the relevant employees.
However, often non-standard situations arise in working with bank customers. Such situations are also reflected in accounting policies. The functional responsibilities of the accounting and operations department include:
Advising clients on the services provided by the bank.
Control of settlement and payment documents of customers.
Providing settlement services.
Transfer non-cash ruble and foreign currency funds.
Acceptance, processing and sending of electronic payments.
Generation of statements of personal accounts.
Maintenance of correspondent accounts.
Maintaining a database of regulatory and reference information.
Preparation of reports on bank operations.
Maintenance of work of other divisions of the bank, dependent on DOE.
Control and certification of documents of other divisions of the bank.
The operations department is responsible for failure to perform or improper performance of established functional duties.
The basis for applying administrative and economic sanctions to the department is:
Negative customer assessment of service quality;
Violations in the activities of the unit identified during the audit by internal control bodies or external regulatory bodies.
In general, the presence of Provisions on departments regulating all aspects of interactions between departments and customers is currently one of the indicators of quality management. And their absence can lead to serious complaints from the clientele.
The next important point in the organization of work with legal entities is the job descriptions of employees.
Job description is a list of requirements of a credit organization to an employee, his official rights and duties, responsibility and interaction with other employees and management.
In accordance with paragraph 1.2 of the Rules of reference. accounting since January 1998 written job descriptions are mandatory.
The preparation of job descriptions should be preceded by the compilation of a “Standard for the development of official documents of bank staff” and “Regulations on personnel work”.
Here are the basic requirements for the management of work with legal entities.
So, "Accounting Policy" defines the activities of accounting in matters that may be of a different nature, for example, the choice of forms or methods of accounting, as well as in cases of non-compliance with tax laws. The accounting policy in all divisions of Sberbank is the same, therefore, a higher bank has no problems with the misreading of statements or other points.
2. Accounting in OSB
2.1 Accounting system in OSB
2.1.1 Lending to RSD
Accounting for the issuance and repayment of loans is carried out in section 4 of the balance sheet “Loans granted”, in the context of the legal form of the borrower and the maturity. In the context of each account of the first order, an account is opened for accounting for the reserve for possible losses on loans (passive).
The debit of loan accounts reflects the amount of loan debt, the credit of the account reflects the amount of repayment of loans, the amount of debt debited to the accounts of overdue loans, the amount of debt debited to the allowance account for possible losses on loans.
Analytical accounting is carried out in the context of borrowers for each loan agreement. Loans are granted to both legal entities and individuals. Legal entities can be both commercial organizations and non-profit.
In preparation for a loan, all the necessary documents are collected and a loan file is formed. According to the requirements of Sberbank of the Russian Federation, a credit business must be formed in separate sections for each lender, guarantor, guarantor, and pledger. The formation of a credit business should be carried out in chronological order according to the sections:
Documents relating to the issuance of a loan (loan application, feasibility study, business plan, conclusion of services with a list of work performed on the analysis of a package of documents, decision of the credit committee);
Administrative information, including registration documents of the borrower, names, addresses, phone numbers;
The financial statements of the borrower (guarantor, guarantor);
Analysis of the financial statements of the borrower throughout the history of the relationship of the borrower with the bank;
Internal workflow relating to this client;
Analysis of the status of the collateral (report of the loan officer and expert on the value of the collateral, liquidity, sufficiency in the form of notes, acts of inspections, conclusions);
Correspondence;
Minutes of meetings with the borrower;
Copies of loan documents ( loan agreement, guarantee agreement, guarantee, pledge agreement, etc.);
Copies of a publication from the media about the borrower (guarantor, guarantor);
Other documentation not provided by the list.
Loans issued may be secured and not secured.
Loans are issued to commercial organizations, as a rule, against collateral:
valuable papers;
guarantees and guarantees of banks;
pledged property;
precious metals.
All documents provided by the client-borrower. Including answers to bank requests and documents confirming the transfer of funds on a loan are placed on the client’s file. The dossier also contains the loan agreement and related documents. The dossier is stored for at least 5 years, after which it is transferred to the archive.
Accounting for loan collateral is carried out on accounts 5 of the off-balance sheet section 913 and 914. In analytical accounting, accounts for each type of collateral and contract are opened. For loans issued in the manner prescribed by the Bank of Russia, a reserve for loans is created. Credit line accounting is carried out in the same section.
On the day of payment, funds are debited from the borrower's account on the basis of his payment order, if he is a client of the bank.
If the contract provides for direct debit of funds, the debit is made by payment request. Transfer amounts. The interest allocated for the repayment of the interest calculated for the loan is also made by a payment request, or by a payment order of a client. Repayment of a loan received at a bank by a borrower who is not a client of the bank is carried out by payment orders of the borrower or by a payment request made by collection to the borrower's bank. In the field “Payment terms” of the payment request, a reference is made to the clause, number and date of the loan agreement, which stipulates the condition for direct debiting. Off-balance sheet accounting is carried out using an off-balance payment order .
When issuing a loan under a credit line, the amount of disbursement is taken into account on two off-balance accounts No. 91301 and 91302.
Based on the concluded contract, the following posting is made
1.D. 91301 Ct. 99999 in the amount of 1000 rubles. and at the same time
Dt. 91302 Ct. 99999 in the amount of 1000 rubles.
When issuing a loan Dt. 99999 Ct 91302 in the amount of 20 rubles.
When repaying a loan Dt. 99302 Ct 99999 in the amount of 15 rubles.
Sberbank institutions issue loans under a non-repayable credit line.
Consider typical accounting entries for lending transactions.
A commercial company was granted a loan by crediting to a current account and at the same time submitted settlement documents for payment of material assets, secured by property. Dt s / c R / s or Dt. R / s Kt. C / S 30101
At the same time, the collateral of Dt. 91307 Ct. 99999