How to mark the foundation for the fence. We select the optimal foundation for various designs of fences
The choice of the type of foundation for the fence depends on its purpose and the materials that it was decided to use with the device. The main criterion is the weight of structures installed above ground level. A massive fence will require a powerful foundation. A light fence will make it easier for the underground part of the structure, choosing more compact solutions, it is easier to do it yourself.
Ready-made strip foundation for corrugated fence
When conducting construction of bricks or small-sized wall blocks, there is practically no choice but a strip foundation for the builder. However, the strip foundation can be applied in other cases. When there is a need to completely separate the territory, leaving no gap between the ground and the fence, then it will also be the most reasonable solution.
An example of this choice can be a strip foundation for a fence made of mesh or corrugated board. Compared to pillars on separate bases, a strip foundation is a more expensive and time-consuming option. But it guarantees reliability and maximum isolation.
Variants of a strip foundation for a fence
Although the construction of such a foundation will be expensive, in any case, there are options to reduce costs.
The scheme of the device of the strip foundation for the fence
The foundation can be made in the form of a continuous monolithic wall, the base of which is at the level of the depth of freezing of the soil, and the upper section reaches the design elevation above the relief level. A somewhat more economical method is the construction of monolithic columnar foundations connected by monolithic crossbars. The cost of such a foundation is lower.
The stability of the structure to frost heaving is provided by the depth of the columnar foundations.
The crossbars perform the function of foundation beams or grillage, distribute the weight of the intermediate sections of the fence on columnar foundations. They protect against frost heaving with a sand cushion and side sprinkling.
In some cases, it is possible to use a crossbar made of precast concrete, but this is rather an exotic option, used when there is an excess of suitable materials from the dismantling of other buildings.
Sand cushion under the foundation
The construction of almost any foundation for the fence can be done with your own hands.
Materials for strip foundations
The choice of opportunities is small. You can confidently use only monolithic concrete and concrete. The same materials are used in the construction of any monolithic foundation for other purposes. Monolithic concrete will be more expensive, although more technologically advanced. Butobeton will allow the use of improvised resources in the form of local stone or large pebbles, the cost of which will be significantly lower, as well as do part of the work yourself.
You can use brick debris from disassembling the walls. It should be noted that not all mineral resources should be used for backing. Recommended materials include granite and basalt. Softer rocks, such as limestone or other chalk deposits, should not be used below ground level.
An example of a foundation for a fence made of natural stone
It should be borne in mind that the concrete base will not be able to be reinforced in a suitable manner.
Therefore, under significant loads from the fence wall or weak soils with high groundwater it is better to refrain from such a decision.
Width and depth of the strip foundation
In general, the strip foundation for the fence should be slightly wider than the wall resting on it. For example, if 25 centimeters long, then you need to stop at a foundation width of 0.3 meters. Using piece blocks of 20 centimeters wide, the foundation should be made 0.25 meters wide.
When the fence has a different thickness of elements, for example, poles and adjacent elements of the fence, the width of the foundation will be determined in the same way, taking into account different geometry. The mark of the bearing supports of the foundation or of the entire strip at one laying depth cannot be less than the level of freezing of the soil in your region.
The scheme of the device and the dimensions of the monolithic strip foundation
You can find out the standard freezing depth at normative documentation, for example, in SNiP 2.02.01-83 *.
Application of cast concrete
The most expensive and technologically advanced way to build a strip foundation will be the use of cast concrete. Moreover, all technological methods and the sequence of work do not differ from those used in most other cases, creating the same design. The concrete brand is selected depending on the loads. The load on the base is determined by the choice of material for the fence wall and its height.
A massive fence with brick walls made of ceramic or silicate material will require the use of concrete grade B25. If you decide to use a lighter material or limit yourself to a small height, then you can use concrete grade B20, the cost of which is lower. In this case, it is necessary to comply with all requirements for laying concrete. Work must be carried out in the warm season, preventing freezing of the base and concrete mix.
An example of a massive concrete foundation for a brick fence
The use of frost-resistant additives for concrete is possible, but they pose certain risks. Additives will allow the mixture to be laid, but positive temperatures are still needed to gain strength.
Concrete should be carefully compacted. This is done either by the bayonet method, or using a vibrator head. When baying use a piece of reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm or more. When laying concrete in hot weather, protect it from drying out. For this, the monolithic section of the structure is covered with plastic wrap and periodically irrigated with water for several days.
Application of rubble concrete
Butobeton practically has no technological differences in the construction of structures from traditional monolithic. The difference lies only in a larger aggregate, laid separately from the concrete mix. Therefore, this type of foundation is preferred by DIY lovers to build.
Pouring process rubble foundation
Stone filling is laid out in rows up to 30 centimeters high and across the entire width of the foundation. Then the concrete mixture or sand-cement mortar is poured just above the level of obstruction.
It is very important to carefully fill all the voids between the stones with concrete. Sometimes the sequence of work is different. In a small layer of concrete or mortar, up to 15 centimeters high, elements of obstruction are recessed. The choice of techniques depends on the specific circumstances and dimensions of the material. To sediment the mixture and distribute it over the voids, only bayonet will have to be used, since large rubble elements will interfere with the operation of the vibrator clubs. This reduces manufacturability and increases labor costs, but allows you to do the job yourself.
Care for freshly laid concrete is carried out in the same way as with a conventional monolith. Either protection against freezing or irrigation with water during setting is required.
The scheme of the device of the rubble foundation for the fence
The device of the trench and soil base
A trench or foundation pit is carried out to a depth slightly exceeding the mark of the bottom of the concrete. This requirement is due to the fact that the concrete structure should not rest on natural soil, but on a sand bed 150 mm thick, which can be easily done by hand. It is made of medium-sized sand and carefully compacted.
It should be noted that the base soil should not lose its initial properties. That is, its freezing, soaking and softening is unacceptable. In case such transformations have occurred, the disturbed soil layer is replaced with a sand bed of the required thickness with compulsory compaction. The width of the trench in the upper part is determined by the type of soil and the angle of its natural slope. At the base, it will be 20-30 centimeters wider than the thickness of the foundation for the installation of a sand cushion and the installation of formwork.
foundation trench device
In some cases, formwork for a concrete foundation is optional. The construction is carried out by filling the trench with backing and.
This option is possible in dense, hard and dry clay soils. But in general, formwork is necessary. After laying the foundation, the trench is covered with sand of medium size with a layer-by-layer compaction. The use of clay soils for this is highly undesirable. When wet and subsequent freezing, they can cause significant deforming and pushing forces that adversely affect the structure.
Features grillage device
The foundation for relatively lightweight structures can be in the form of a grillage. In this case, the main supports on which columns or racks of the fence are installed are poured to the depth of freezing.
Drawing for installation of foundation grillage
Depending on the type of concreting used, they are performed as a concrete or concrete concrete strip foundation. The site, made in the form of a crossbar or foundation beam, is laid to a depth of 0.5-0.75 meters.
Its sole is cast on a sand cushion with a thickness of 25-30 centimeters of compacted sand of medium size. The element is covered with sand from the sides to a width of 15–20 centimeters, this work can be done by yourself.
This solution allows you to distribute the weight on the main foundation supports, while protecting the grill elements from frost heaving of the soil. The height of all elements of the foundation is displayed under the design elevation defined for this section of the fence. The grillage should not be made from butobeton, since it cannot be reinforced. Concreting of foundation elements of the same height should be carried out simultaneously as the supporting part, and grillage.
Example of mounting a foundation grill for a fence
Reinforcement
The strip foundation for the fence works in fairly difficult conditions. First of all, because of its length and due to the lack of transverse elements. Therefore, there is a high probability of cracks and deformations in the base, which can lead to the destruction of the building envelope. Although this requirement cannot be considered mandatory, but if there is an opportunity and desire, it is better to implement it.
The best option for reinforcing is the installation of two reinforcement belts with a diameter of 12 mm or more, with a step in the transverse direction of 100-150 mm. Longitudinal reinforcement should be bandaged through 30–40 centimeters with transverse rods. The grillage reinforcement is necessary both in the middle part, for the perception of bending loads, and in places adjacent to the columnar foundations. Reinforcement should be calculated taking into account the load on the grillage. But minimum requirement we can consider the use of three reinforcing bars with a diameter of 12 millimeters in the middle and lower section and three bars of the same diameter about a meter long - in the upper, at the junction of the grillage to the buried part of the foundation.
When doing reinforcement with your own hands, do not forget the requirements for providing a protective layer of concrete. Its thickness from the outer edge of any concrete element to the outer surface of the reinforcement should not be less than five centimeters. The formwork of the element determines its external face, the gap control is carried out before concreting. In the process of pouring the foundation, if necessary, the installation of embedded elements.
Waterproofing
No device required coating waterproofing, unlike the foundations of buildings. Although if it is done, it will not be worse, concrete will be less affected by groundwater. But vertical waterproofing between the concrete base and brick or block wall elements must be done.
For it, you can use one or two layers of hydroisol, roofing material or similar material. The choice is determined by the difference in prices. Installation of waterproofing is carried out on a layer of bitumen mastic.
Fence formwork
When building a fence around a site with your own hands or with the help of hired specialists, you need to understand how the necessary work is carried out correctly. Consider the question of how to make the formwork for the fence.
Ready-made formwork for pouring the foundation
Why is she needed
Even relatively lightweight and sheet materials need foundation. The appearance of the fence, its verticality and the correct geometry depend on how securely it is fixed in the ground. A rickety fence worth several tens of thousands of rubles will daily spoil the mood of the owner, who decided to save a couple of thousand on the foundation.
Wind loads act on the fence, through poles transferred to the foundations. But a greater influence is exerted by soil movements as a result of precipitation and frost heaving. Even slight rolls cause a visible displacement of the pillars and can lead to cracks in the brick elements of the fence. Therefore, the fence is placed on a solid foundation.
Usually it is made of cast concrete. This is not very difficult, albeit laborious, work that many seek to do with their own hands to save money.
It looks like concrete poured into the formwork
Concrete monolith requires formwork, which forms its future geometry.
Do-it-yourself fence is a profitable solution. In this case, there is no need to pay outsiders: with the proper level of training, the work can be done independently. One of the most important parts of the structure is the foundation. It is from him that strength and reliability will depend.
At the moment, there are no special regulatory documents for private construction. When designing and erecting, you can rely on "Foundations and Foundations." The following rulebooks may also come in handy:
- “Foundations of buildings and structures”;
- “Loads and impacts”;
- "Construction climatology and geophysics" (now canceled, but suitable for quickly determining the depth of freezing of the soil).
When designing a strip foundation for a fence with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account several factors that affect the dimensions of the structure, the depth of the sole and the reinforcement of the strip foundation under the fence.
It is worth remembering that in private construction it is difficult to strictly adhere to regulatory documents. This can lead to cost overruns.
Before you make a strip foundation for the fence, you must consider the type of fence. There are three main options:
- lungs;
- medium;
- heavy.
Lightweight fences are made of racks and non-solid materials (mesh, reinforcement rods, corrugated board, wooden panels, picket fence). Such designs are highly resistant to uneven deformation. Fences with incomplete filling (mesh, rods, picket fence) are also resistant to tipping over under the influence of wind loads.
Medium fences are a combined structure consisting of massive pillars (brick, stone, concrete) and lighter filling (profiled sheets, reinforcement rods, picket). This option requires a more reliable foundation, since it is sensitive to displacements.
The third type of fence is heavy. They are completely made of buta, concrete or brick. Such fences are damaged during deformations of the base, and also exert great pressure on the ground. The most difficult thing is to prepare the tape just for this design.
The main problems in the construction
When designing a fence, it is important to consider the effect of two phenomena:
- windage when exposed to wind loads (rollover);
- uneven deformations of the base.
The latter include:
- shrinkage of the soil (its compaction after the manufacture of foundations, sections of the fence may fall);
- frosty heaving of the base (sections of the fence may rise).
To avoid troubles, it is necessary to take measures to combat frost heaving and carefully seal the base under the foundation.
Advice! To understand whether the soils in the area are prone to heaving, you can look at the fences of neighbors. If they were "led" in different directions, most likely the fault was precisely this property of the soil. It is worth looking only at the fences that have stood for several winters.
Classification is carried out according to three main characteristics. According to the manufacturing method:
- Made. Great for mass construction, increases the speed of construction work.
- Monolithic. Most often used in private construction. Avoids the need to hire expensive hoisting equipment.
By depth:
- shallow with low bearing capacity;
- finely buried;
- deep laying.
By section type:
- rectangular;
- t-section with broadening in the lower part.
Light fences
In this case, it makes no sense to build a deeply buried foundation for the tape fence. It is economically inefficient.
With a do-it-yourself fence, a finely recessed tape of rectangular section (depth of laying - 0.7-1 m) is suitable with your own hands. During its construction, it is important not to forget about the main problems: heaving and windage.
The width of the foundation is recommended to take at least 350 mm. At the same time, reinforcing nets of rods of 3-4 mm in diameter and a cell size of 50x50 mm should be laid in the upper part at the places of rigid connection of the tape and fence racks. The protective layer of concrete for galvanized nets is 30 mm, for "black" - 60-70 mm. Such a grid will prevent damage to the fence under the influence of wind (relevant for structures made of corrugated board and wooden panels).
Racks of a fence usually lean below a sole of a tape and concreted. This allows the fence to more effectively resist tipping and ground movement.
Lightweight fencing.
When laying the sole of the foundation above the freezing depth, it is necessary to prevent heaving. The step-by-step instruction in this case is as follows:
- Filling a sand pillow with a thickness of 30 to 50 cm. Replacement heaving soil on non-cushy in the level of the sole allows you to avoid pushing the structure out of the ground. Sand becomes a damping layer. It should be a large or medium fraction. The material is laid with a layered seal.
- Backfilling of the sinuses with sand allows you to avoid the effect of heaving on the side surface of the foundation. Backfill requirements are the same as in the previous case.
- Laying the drainage pipe at the sole level (20-30 cm lower). It is important to observe the correct slope of the pipeline. The maximum distance from the drainage to the side surface of the belt is 1 m.
- Storm sewage device for organized removal of excess moisture from the site.
- Thermal insulation and waterproofing of the structure with extruded polystyrene foam.
Important! The supporting structure for the fence differs from that for the house in that there is no point in making an insulated blind area.
A fence from corrugated board on a strip foundation can be built without fear of frost heaving if non-porous soils lie on the site: medium and coarse sand, coarse clastic rocks without dusty inclusions.
Medium Fences
Barriers of this type respond poorly to uneven ground movements. To prevent destruction, much attention will be required to combat heaving. On hard, non-porous soils, a shallow tape can be used.
In other cases, it is reasonable to combine the tape shallow foundation with concrete pillars or bored piles. Additional supports are placed under massive posts. The depth is assigned so that it is greater than the depth of freezing of the soil. Methods of combating heaving and sailing are used the same as in the case of light fences.
Another option: a columnar or pile foundation with a tape grillage. At the same time, a gap of about 10-15 cm is left between the concrete tape and the ground, which will prevent damage to the tape when buckling the soil. The gap is done in two ways:
- Between the ground and the tape lay a layer of foam of low strength, which plays the role of a damping layer.
- Before pouring the structure, a layer of sand 10-15 cm thick is laid on the ground, after the concrete has hardened, the sand is removed. In this case, the gap is closed with sheets of asbestos (slate), which will prevent the shedding of soil.
Fence from corrugated board on a strip foundation in the presence of concrete pillars requires more attention than a lightweight construction.
Heavy fences
Most of the financial and labor costs will be required for the construction of a massive structure of brick, stone or concrete. The design has the following disadvantages:
- large mass and high ground pressure;
- deformation sensitivity;
- windage, the need to take into account wind loads.
In this case, it is necessary to rest the fence on a reliable foundation:
- With good soil strength, you can use a finely buried T-section tape. The option is suitable for non-porous grounds. Clay soils will require additional measures to combat heaving.
- In other cases, use a recessed tape with support 20-30 cm below the freezing depth.
Every 30 meters in the tape it is necessary to provide a vertical temperature seam. A waterproofing layer must be provided between the foundation concrete and the fence material (brick, but). For this, roll materials can be used. The side surface for protection against moisture is coated with bitumen in two layers.
Selection of the width of the foundation
The width of the tape is selected by calculation. To do this, use the same methodology as when calculating the parameters of the foundation for the home. But it is important to remember wind loads. The building has a higher stiffness, therefore, it resists tipping well.
In private construction, you can use approximate values. In most cases, having built a structure with a width of 30-35 cm, you can not worry about reliability and durability.
So, the decision was made to put up a fence. The foundation will be the foundation of this structure, and the quality of the entire structure will depend on its strength.
The base is necessary so that the fence is not subjected to deformation on the ground.
If you have the necessary skills, you can do the foundation for the fence with your own hands.
A solid foundation is necessary so that the fence is not subject to soil deformation.
Types of fences
Before proceeding with the construction of the base, it is necessary to determine type of fence:
- easy;
- middle;
- heavy.
After determining the type of foundation, you can begin to begin work.
For light type fences
For the light type of fencing - corrugated board, picket fence, mesh "netting" - on solid soil, a less costly method of pillar filling is quite suitable.
Along the perimeter of the future fence, holes are dug from 80 to 120 cm deep at a distance of 1 to 5 meters; pillars are installed in them, bursting with stones and filled with concrete. When using corrugated board the distance between the posts is recommended no more than 2 meters, considering the windage of the material under wind loads.
This video shows how to build a foundation for a fence:
If the soil is loose, sandy or silty, the tape-column type of foundation is suitable for a fence with your own hands. This type of base is ideal for DIY construction.
The order of filling
We will divide all the work into five stages, so that without errors foundation for the fence:
- It is necessary to make markings around the perimeter of the foundation: for this, pegs are driven in and the rope is pulled, be sure to fix it at the corners. In the turning places it is necessary to score the peg, also note the place for the gate and the gate.
- They dig a trench with a width of 35-40 cm and a depth of up to 50 cm, in the places where the poles will be installed, deepen up to 90 cm. The recommended distance between the posts is 2 meters, and the height of the column, taking into account the underground part, is at least 2.5 meters. We install the pillars, we fix them strictly vertically with stones, broken bricks and gravel, check with the level - this is important. They fill the bottom of the trench with a 5 cm pillow of gravel.
Follow the rules for pouring the foundation under the fence, so that in the end you get a solid structure
- They begin to install a reinforcing belt of corrugated reinforcement 10-15 mm, it is not recommended to use welding at the joints, it is better to use wire, longitudinal reinforcement should be corrugated, with a diameter of at least 12 mm, and transverse and vertical can be smooth and smaller in diameter. The reinforcing belt is first made and then lowered into the trench, be sure to tie the poles - this will strengthen the design.
- They put the formwork. To assemble it, you can use improvised materials - old boards, plywood, slate, and so on. This will reduce the cost of the design, the main task of formwork is to provide the foundation with a flat surface. The formwork is exposed and wedged 25-30 cm above the surface, the possibility of leakage of the filling mixture is checked. A thorough check of the formwork is carried out before the start of concrete work. Formwork is a temporary element and should be easily dismantled at the end of work.
- Pour concrete. Concrete in stages in horizontal layers and different type solution. Coarse with gravel or rubble is poured into the ground, and soft sand and cement above the ground. During gradual pouring, voids in concrete can be avoided. Formwork is removed after 5 days. In dry weather, the foundation must be watered to avoid cracks. Subsequent work can be started after complete drying, when the base gains strength.
Foundation for medium type
The middle type of fencing implies a mixed construction: powerful pillars made of brick, cinder block, stone or concrete, and between them light material - such as a wooden fence, corrugated board or reinforcement grille.
Such a fence requires a more reliable base. For these types of fences, as well as for light, a strip foundation for the fence is suitable.
A feature of medium-sized structures is the installation of additional supports in the places of installation of poles.
To do this, where the pillars will be, they dig holes, given that the depth of the foundation for the fence should be greater than the freezing layer, and 50 × 50 cm wide, we knit the frame from the reinforcement, insert it into the hole and concreted.
For heavy construction
Heavy fences are structures made of brick, stone or concrete and have a large mass, therefore, when the foundation is improperly installed, they are subject to deformation, for these fences a more powerful monolithic tape base is needed.
When installing this foundation, it is necessary to dig the entire trench 30-40 cm deeper than the freezing depth, to achieve maximum reliability it is necessary to make a more powerful reinforced belt of reinforcement of at least 12 mm, it is thanks to the reinforcement that the load will be distributed evenly throughout the structure.
It must be remembered that casting width should be greater than the wall of the structure, by 15-20 cm. Thus, a monolithic strip foundation of special strength will be obtained.
An important step is concrete pouring, therefore, before proceeding with this process, you should make sure that everything is ready and check for necessary tool. The foundation is poured with ordinary concrete. For the manufacture of the mortar alone, the necessary proportions are 2: 2: 1 (crushed stone: sand: cement).
Such a concrete base for the fence will last for many years without defects and damage.
Any household plot sooner or later requires fencing. Therefore, this problem is relevant for their owners. In order for the installed fence to serve as a solid structure and stand for a long time, it is necessary to lay the foundation.
Features and functions of the foundation
The main bearing part of the fence is called the foundation. The life of the entire fence will depend on the variety and quality of its implementation. With a weak foundation device, or its absence, the fence can be squinted. Also, swelling of the earth can lead to such a problem, which will entail the destruction of the building envelope.
The foundation for the fence performs the main functions:
- affects the stability of the fence;
- makes it possible to equally share the load on the entire structure;
- provides soil retention on summer cottage during heavy rains and during snowmelt.
Types of foundation
The most famous option is the tape foundation for the fence. This is a necessary element in the manufacture of stone fencing. The base in this case makes it possible to make a uniform load. The strip foundation is applicable for the manufacture of pillars in it.
Initially, you need to dig a trench according to calculated data. On its bottom crushed stone with sand. A formwork having a height of up to 30 cm is built above the pit, and support pillars and metal fittings are laid inside. At the end, the foundation is to be poured.
A cheaper option for building foundations is column foundation. This type is often used for sandy or clay soils.
Reliable protection are posts made of asbestos or metal. The support may be brickworkmade on the basis of concrete. The gap between the two supports is approximately 1.5-2 m.
From what soil and weather conditions, they dig a trench under the supports to a depth of 1-1.5 m. A sand-gravel pillow is poured to the very bottom of the pit, after which it is rammed. Then the columns are placed in an upright position, and the trench is poured with concrete.
Often people use a combined foundation, combining the two above types of concrete. Its use is carried out in the construction of concrete-tile fences, structures from profiled sheets.
The price of the foundation for the fence with brick pillars is the sum of the prices of the used stocks. Based on whose production it is, the cost of one bag will come out. On average, it varies from 200 to 250 rubles.
Manufacture
Preparing the foundation for the fence yourself is quite simple. It is only necessary first to calculate everything and adhere to all points of the instruction in the implementation of actions.
To determine the depth of laying the foundation, you need to consider the main points:
- design characteristics;
- the depth to which the soil freezes;
- terrain slope;
- the quality of the land layer and the height of sandy waters.
For the correctness of all calculations, you need to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe base from the foundation. For example, if the length of the supporting structure is 50 m and the width is 30 cm, then it is not difficult to calculate the area (15 m2) here. Subsequently, this parameter is useful for calculating the depth at which the foundation is laid.
However, it is necessary to identify what is its reliable area. We divide the pressure indicator of the aboveground part by the value of the bearing base, adjusted by the reliability indicator, by the soil resistance and the coefficient of working conditions.
The final result must be compared with the expected area. Final should be higher than estimated, otherwise it is subject to adjustment.
Pouring
How to fill the foundation under the fence correctly? The downy soil layer requires pouring the combined foundation. Before starting work, you need to dig a trench, the size of which should correspond to the calculated value of the depth and width. In the place where the support posts will be installed, it is necessary to drill holes.
Then, a timber formwork is made around the prepared base. On the bottom of each dug hole under the pillar you need to lay a ruberoid, doubled. After that, the installation of supports and the reinforcement of the foundation with the help of a reinforcing mesh is done.
Next, the foundation begins to fill under the fence in the horizontal direction. When pouring concrete mixture, it must not be allowed that from one edge the formwork is hidden to the very top, and from the other it is completely absent. Drying time for concrete takes about 3 days.
In hot weather, the foundation should be moistened with water. The formwork is removed from the tape after 2 weeks.
Filling a strip of shallowly buried foundation is easier. It is laid above a layer of frozen soil. For this reason, the correct foundation for the fence is resistant to off-season soil movements.
The foundation device is as follows:
- Make a trench to a depth of 0.5 m.
- Cover the bottom of the trench with sand (0.15 m) and squeeze it.
- Sprinkle the top with crushed stone (0.15 m).
- Drill holes for digging pillars, pour sand onto the bottom, insert supports and level them.
- Connect the posts to each other with reinforcement using a welding tool.
Install the formwork and pour the concrete mixture. At the end of the filling work, make sure that the poles are installed evenly.
For other types of fences
It will be necessary to fill the column foundation under the fence from the corrugated board when the height of the fence is up to 1.2 m. If the parameters of the profiled sheet are exceeded, a strip foundation will be needed.
Since the columnar type of material has a high windage, during a hurricane it is subject to increased load. As a result, collapse of the support and everything else may occur.
To make a fence holding onto brick pillars, you will need to build a fairly strong base for it. Such fences are prone to damage due to uneven shrinkage. In pillars, a mortgage device is recommended. It is connected with the transverse parts of the entire fence for a solid fit.
Photo of the foundation under the fence
The tape foundation for the fence is the best option for some types of fencing.
The depth of such a foundation can vary depending on the type of erected fences.
We will consider the technology for arranging such a foundation further.
Medium-weight and heavy fences, represented by profiled sheets, reinforcing bars, massive picket fence, quarry, concrete and brick, require a reliable foundation foundation, which is due to the increased sensitivity of the structure to displacements and significant ground pressure.
Simple support pillars that do not have a solid base can move due to external factors, and as a result, the fence becomes potentially dangerous.
If there is a need to erect monolithic and sufficiently weighty fencing structures, then it is necessary to consider not standard pillars as supports, but arrangement of a strip foundation.
Types of foundation tape type
The foundation bases of the tape type for the construction of fences are represented by several types.
By the depth of the laying of such structures are:
- shallow foundations with low load-bearing capacity;
- buried foundations extending into the ground a maximum of a meter;
- finely buried foundations extending into the ground by a maximum of 0.4 m.
The latter option is mainly used in the construction of wooden hedges, as well as fences based on a metal fence and profiled flooring.
Recessed foundation foundations of the tape type are appropriate for the construction of fences made of stone or brick. In this case, the trench digs below the level of soil freezing. The width of the trench is determined by the severity of the material used in the manufacture of the fence.
Depending on the manufacturing method, a strip foundation for a fence can be:
- prefabricated type;
- monolithic type;
- rectangular type;
- with a T-shaped extension at the bottom.
There are several options for arranging a strip foundation for a fence:
- the use of reinforced concrete structures based on a cement-gravel-sand mixture, which fills the reinforcing structure in the formwork; such a base is optimal for arrangement on sandy soils;
- the use of a concrete structure based on a mixture of sand, cement and gravel;
- the use of brick or rubble foundation construction with high strength and durability.
Band and column foundation
In order to reduce the cost of building the foundation strip foundation for the fence, the construction is often carried out based on rubble stone, mixed with a standard cement-sand mortar.
The depth of the dug trench, as well as its dimensions, are calculated taking into account the heaving properties of the soil, the features of all used in the construction of the fence building materials and the location of groundwater.
The device of the strip foundation for the fence - technology
The process of creating a foundation foundation for a fence includes the following main technological steps:
- trench digging, the width and depth of which depends on climatic conditions, indicators of soil stability and mass of the fence structure;
- laying and tamping gravel-sand cushions at the bottom of the dug trench;
- welding and laying of fittings;
- arrangement of formwork;
- pouring concrete tape.
Tape foundation for the fence - diagram with dimensions
The concreting process is carried out by continuous filling of the trench. concrete mix or laying the mixture intermittently. The first option is used on shallow trenches, and the second - to create a voluminous foundation foundation.
At the final stage, after pouring hardens, the formwork is removed and soil is added.
Foundation calculation
The correct calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe strip foundation foundation allows you to determine the optimal proportions at which the level of maximum stability of the constructed structure is achieved:
[K (n) x F] / [K (c) x R], Where
- (K (n)) is the reliability coefficient;
- (K (c)) is the coefficient of the conditions of work performed;
- (R) - calculated indicators of soil resistance.
If necessary, you can use special calculator programs.
DIY installation of the base
The arrangement of the strip foundation can be carried out formlessly or with the use of formwork.
- The first version of concreting is most often used to create a base with a depth of up to 80 cm, without a protruding concrete base or with a brick base.
- For the second installation method, it will be necessary to produce a standard formwork, the height of which depends on the size of the basement of the structure being constructed.
Formwork for pouring concrete under a strip foundation
An important step in the installation of the base is to protect it from soil heaving. To this end, a drainage pipe is laid at the level of the sole with the observance of the correct slope, and the arrangement of storm sewers allows an organized removal of excess moisture from the site.
Foundation reinforcement through reinforcement
For high-grade reinforcement, reinforcement is used. For creating reinforcement cage It is required to connect all metal rods into a single structure by means of a reliable and strong wire. The width of the erected frame should be BЅ from its height.
The most problematic sections of the frame are corners, so they must be reinforced with bent metal bars.
Pouring mortar into the formwork
Around the perimeter of the dug trench, formwork is made of wooden planks with a height of B15-20 cm. Such a simple design will prevent the collapse of soil directly into the trench filled with concrete mortar.
A concrete mortar M200 is prepared for pouring, consisting of one part of cement, three parts of sand and five parts of crushed stone.
Concrete foundation for fence
The amount of water, as a rule, is 0.6-0.7 parts. Add water to the mixed mixture gradually. Ready-to-pour mortar must necessarily have a uniform consistency and good viscosity.
Protection of the foundation against moisture
The formwork can be removed after about ten days, when the concrete pouring reaches a strength level of B70% of the standard indicators.
Then waterproofing is performed, which will prevent moisture from entering the walls of the erected fence.
To this end, waterproofing materials represented by bituminous mastics or roofing material are most often used.
Final work
At the final stage, backfilling of all foundation sinuses with medium-grained sand is carried out, followed by careful tamping. It is important to remember that the standard strength is gained by concrete, as a rule, within a month. Only after this, you can proceed with the installation of the aboveground part of the fence.
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