Snip coating waterproofing. Requirements for waterproofing foundations according to SNP
Foundation waterproofing work must be carried out in strict accordance with the norms prescribed in state standards, as well as with building codes and regulations (SNiP).
In the SNiP documents, you can find information on the use of various waterproofing materials. It also contains the main parameters of each material, its characteristics, mandatory requirements for the manufacturing process, storage and operation methods.
Basic requirements of SNiP for foundation waterproofing
Before carrying out waterproofing work, all surfaces must be well primed and free from gaps. The corners must be glued with strips of waterproofing, which are at least 200 mm wide.
According to the rules of SNiP, before waterproofing the foundation, it is necessary to carry out mandatory preparatory work. These include surface preparation in the form of sealing cracks, rounding and beveling corners, removing rust, drying the surface and cleaning it from dust and dirt. These preparatory requirements in an expanded form can be found in.
The moisture content of the concrete at the time of the foundation waterproofing should be no more than 4%. Only after the primer has completely dried is it allowed to paint waterproofing. It needs to be applied in 2, or better in 4 layers. The thickness of the layers should not be less than 3 mm and more than 6 mm. Adjacent stripes must overlap, that is, and each layer is applied only after the previous one has completely dried.
To connect the painting and pasting waterproofing, the process of gluing all layers with the application of an intermediate painting layer is used. Horizontally, pairing occurs according to the thermos method. This means that the waterproofing must be covered with a screed.
Waterproofing device rules depending on the type of water
According to the established rules and regulations, glued waterproofing from wastewater and other liquids must be made of brizol, hydroglass or hydroisol. It is also allowed to use PVC film, polyisobutylene or glass fabric (s).
From the capillary rise of groundwater, the rule recommends waterproofing from black rubble (impregnation with bitumen) or pouring from asphalt concrete (Section 7).
Basic requirements of SNiP for polymer waterproofing materials
Increasingly, polymeric materials are used for waterproofing. They owe their popularity to their operational properties. You can view the SNiP rules for waterproofing foundations with these materials in, it is also important to comply with the requirements described in.
In particular, special attention should be paid to the fact that it is possible to work with these materials only at positive air temperatures. But waterproofing in very hot weather is strictly prohibited, as well as in rain or strong winds.
When waterproofing a foundation, all structural calculations should be carried out taking into account the loads and effects, which are detailed in the building codes and regulations (SNiP). Constructions only taking into account all the requirements can be strong and reliable.
Many do not check and do not calculate the foundation based on SNiP. This leads to a deterioration in the further operational characteristics of the entire building built on the foundation, as well as to a decrease in the strength of the house.
Excerpts from SNiP related to floor waterproofing.
WATERPROOFING DEVICE
4.21. Papered waterproofing using bitumen, tar and mastics based on them should be performed in accordance with Section 2, and polymer waterproofing - in accordance with SNiP 3.04.03-85
4.22. Waterproofing of crushed stone impregnated with bitumen should be made in accordance with SNiP 3.06.03-85.
4.23. The surface of bituminous waterproofing before laying coatings, interlayers or screeds on it, which include cement or liquid glass, should be covered with hot bitumen mastic with dry coarse-grained sand embedded in it, observing the parameters in the table. nineteen.
Source: SNiP 3.04.01-87
REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERMEDIATE FLOOR ELEMENTS
4.24. The strength of materials hardening after laying must be at least as designed. The permissible deviations for the construction of intermediate floor elements are given in the table. 20.
Technical requirements | Limit deviations | Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
SNiP 3.04.01-87. Requirement for intermediate floor elements. | ||
The gaps between the control two-meter rail and the tested surface of the floor element should not exceed, mm, for: | - | Measuring, at least five measurements for every 50-70 m2 of floor surface or in one room of a smaller area in places identified by visual inspection, work log |
soil bases - 20 | ||
sand, gravel, slag, crushed stone and adobe underlying layers - 15 | ||
concrete underlays for gluing waterproofing and for coatings on an interlayer of hot mastic - 5 | ||
concrete underlays for other types of coatings - 10 | ||
screeds for polyvinyl acetate coverings, from linoleum, roll based on synthetic fibers, parquet and polyvinyl chloride boards - 2 | ||
screeds for coverings of other types of slabs, end blocks and bricks, laid on an interlayer of hot mastic, polyvinyl acetate-cement-concrete coatings and for waterproofing - 4 | ||
screeds for coverings of other types - 6 | ||
Deviations of the element plane from the horizontal or the specified slope - 0.2 of the corresponding room size | No more than 50 | Measuring, at least five measurements evenly for every 50-70 m2 of floor surface in one room of a smaller area, work log |
Moisture is a natural property of soils, therefore, the foundation of any structure must be protected from its destructive effects. Builders use two methods to extend the life of a building's underground cushion. One way is to create waterproof concrete pavements, the other is to waterproof the foundation vertically or horizontally.
Protection of foundations from soil water
The work can be done with your own hands. In this case, certain features should be taken into account. The types of wall waterproofing, the technology of applying protective layers, their density and thickness depend not only on the saturation of the soil with soil water, but also on the aggressiveness of the environments. Moisture can contain salts with various acidic residues, active chemical substances of technical origin and natural reagents can be dissolved in it. Some compounds are capable of destroying Portland cement, others - metal fittings, and others - bitumen-containing coatings.
The types of foundations and the procedure for construction, types of waterproofing of foundations are regulated by State Standards (GOST) and Building Norms and Rules (SNiP). In general terms, these issues are grouped and set out in the Recommendations for the design of waterproofing of underground parts of buildings and structures, published by the Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings in 1996. According to regulatory technical documents, there are pressure and filtration types of water loads on the walls of structures.
Classification of methods for protecting foundations from groundwater
To shelter building objects from the damaging effects of soil moisture, the corresponding types of waterproofing are used, which differ in the layout of the waterproof layers. The foundation is separated from the pressure of the surrounding groundwater by means of water-repellent coatings that are applied to the walls. This is vertical waterproofing.
Horizontal waterproofing has a different function: it prevents the capillary propagation of water up the concrete and masonry. Lay horizontal insulation on two levels. The first is created under the sole foundation tape, the second - on a plinth to protect the walls of the first floor from moisture. There is a third type - floor waterproofing, which regulatory documents refer to separate kind protection. However, due to the technological similarity, assemblies are often combined.
In SNiP2.02.01-83, all the requirements for the construction of foundations are considered in detail, including:
- types of loads to which the foundations of houses are exposed;
- soil types;
- characteristics of groundwater;
- depth of laying;
- design features depending on influencing factors, including groundwater.
Ways to protect foundations
The type and type of protection is provided at the design stage of the structure. In this case, the humidity regime of the premises is taken into account. Under normal conditions, in accordance with SNiP II-3-79, the humidity is limited to 75%. Premises in which this characteristic does not exceed 60% are considered dry.
The capillary movement of water directly affects the humidity of the premises. The height of liquid rise through micropores of concrete or brick walls depends on the density of the soil and can reach:
- 1.1 m if the foundation is located on sand;
- 12–25 m if the soil is clayey or silty.
Foundations for low-rise construction of all types, regardless of the method of burial, have an upper flat surface: grillage - in pile foundations, tape or slab - in others. In all cases, the horizontal waterproofing mark should be half a meter above the maximum possible soil water level.
There are the following types of waterproofing:
- painting - continuous multilayer coating of bituminous or polymer-bitumen compositions;
- plastering cement compounds;
- plastering with bituminous mixtures;
- pasting - a carpet made of rolled materials - roofing material or synthetic films;
- facing - fences made of steel or polymer sheets, which are welded (glued) into a single flooring.
Waterproof painting and pasting of horizontal surfaces of concrete structures
As horizontal, paint or pasting insulation is most often used, since it can be laid with your own hands.
The thickness of the paint coat should be 5 ± 2 mm, it is applied in 2–4 coats. For DIY insulation device, the following types of coatings are used:
- Bituminous. They are produced in the form of solutions or mixtures, which, in addition to cracking, include special additives and suspensions;
- Bituminous-polymer. They can be with three types of additives: nairite resin, latex emulsion, rubber crumb;
- Polymer emulsions include mastics containing chlorobutyl rubber mixtures, alkyd, polyurethane, epoxy additives.
With the development of the chemical industry, the list of waterproofing paints was supplemented by high-molecular compounds, latex cement mixtures and other materials that can be applied both by hand and mechanically. Regardless of the manufacturing method, bitumen and emulsions must have sufficient adhesion - gluing to concrete: according to GOST 25591-93, the strength of the joints must be at least 1 kgf / cm 2.
Isolation, waterproofing, roofing material, modified polyethylene, complex composite films and others are used as pasting films for wall insulation. When choosing a material for creating insulation of the base of a house with your own hands, you must ensure that the waterproof films belong to the foundation, and not to the roofing group. The requirements for the insulation device, the characteristics of the materials are set out in SNiP 3.04.03-85.
Self-leveling waterproofing
Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation can be done by casting. This method is used in cases of sealing joints between the base and communications or for filling expansion joints - when the base of the foundation does not consist of a monolith, but of several concrete slabs. The thickness of the layers of the cast film for wall filtration insulation should be 7 mm. Protect in two layers.
Pouring is done in a cold or hot way. In the latter case, the heating temperature of the mixture is limited to 190 ° C in order to prevent the bitumen from igniting. An obligatory requirement for the implementation of painting or bulk moisture-proof films: a layer of cement-sand screed must be applied on top of the coating.
Features of horizontal waterproofing of prefabricated concrete structures
The surfaces of floors in basements and ends of foundations, consisting of several concrete blocks (slabs), between which there are joints, are additionally protected:
- A board impregnated with resin and wrapped in roofing felt is placed in the opening. The width of the board is chosen such that it covers the gap by ¾ of the depth;
- From above, the compound is puffed with tarred tow, leaving 3-4 cm to the edge of the surface;
- The remaining space is poured with cement mortar;
- If necessary, provide for the installation of metal expansion joints.
With horizontal insulation, additional pasting with roofing material is performed on the vertical surfaces of pipes, embedded metal-profile structures, and other building elements penetrating the foundation. For coatings applied to parts engineering systems, choose materials that would not damage or corrode their surface.
Protection of underground and surface structures from aggressive environments
To ensure the durability of the foundations, when choosing brands of cement, reinforcing steel, concrete slabs, they are guided by the norms of SNiP 2.03.11-85. If necessary, building structures are protected with additional waterproofing. In particular, additional funds are used to cover floors lying directly on the ground.
Floors in an aggressive environment, depending on the degree of its intensity (according to SNiP II-V.8-71), are protected in several ways.
- A paint waterproofing layer is applied if the medium is neutral or slightly aggressive.
- Combined protection - painting with pasting with roofing felt or other bituminous films is performed in case of medium-intensity chemical exposure.
- Reinforced waterproofing is used to protect the base of the house or concrete floors from intense loads. It may include ceramic materials, liquid glass, bitumen, rectoplasts.
Work order
Before applying waterproofing compounds, the foundation surface is prepared:
- cut off metal lugs and cuts of reinforcing wire;
- fill in cracks, cracks, remove chips, round corners;
- if the waterproofing layer is planned to be glued along the intermediate concrete base of the basement, it is necessary to make straightening plinths from cement mortar in the corners of the room near the walls;
- the joints of the horizontal and vertical planes, the slots are pasted over with strips of fiberglass or waterproofing;
- concrete is washed if it has previously undergone chemical treatment or has been previously coated with any coating;
- the surface layer of concrete must be dried to a moisture level of 4%.
All requirements for surface cleanliness, device, extreme levels of unevenness differences, sizes of overlapping intermediate materials are set out in SNiP 3.04.03-85
SNiP 31-02 imposes on the foundations, basement walls and floors on the ground requirements for strength and deformability at the design values \u200b\u200bof impacts and loads, durability. The walls of heated basements and floors on the ground must also meet the requirements for resistance to heat transfer from the conditions of energy saving, for protection against penetration of atmospheric and ground moisture and air into the structure, for preventing the accumulation of condensate water vapor inside the structure, as well as for protecting the premises of the house from the penetration of ground gases ...
Requirements for providing thermal insulation, protection against air permeation and vapor permeation are given in.
5.1. General design requirements
5.1.1 The foundations and foundations of houses must meet the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01, and when building houses in conditions of the spread of permafrost soils - the requirements of SNiP 2.02.04.
5.1.2 Natural foundations should be made of in-situ concrete, precast concrete blocks or masonry.
5.1.3 Foundations should be placed under walls, columns, pilasters, fireplaces and chimneys. It is allowed not to provide for widening of the base of the foundation under the monolithic concrete walls of the basement, if the calculated soil resistance is not exceeded.
5.1.4 Material requirements
5.1.4.1 Monolithic concrete structures should be constructed of heavy concrete of compressive strength class of at least B 12.5.
5.1.4.2 The grade of concrete for frost resistance should not be lower than the required SNiP 2.03.01 for the corresponding climatic conditions of the construction area.
5.1.4.3 When constructing foundations and basement walls, cement mortars of a compressive strength grade of at least M 100 and a frost resistance grade of at least F 25 should be used.
5.2. Site preparation
5.2.1 Fertile soil and vegetation, including roots, stumps and wood waste, as well as debris, must be removed from the building site of the house.
5.2.2 In areas infested with ants (clearings, clearings, etc.), after removing the stumps, the soil should be removed to a depth of at least 300 mm.
5.2.3 The bottom of pits, trenches, pits for the construction of foundations (hereinafter - pits) must be cleaned to the ground with an undisturbed structure.
If, according to the project, a trench with laid communications is located under the foundation, then it must be filled with tamped soil or concrete of a class of at least B 7.5 to the level of the foundation sole.
5.2.4 During the construction period of the house, measures should be taken to drain underground and surface waters from the pits. Freezing of the base soils is not allowed in winter.
5.2.5 If necessary, on the site for building a house, measures should be provided to protect against ground and surface waters, which include the vertical layout of the territory and the device of drainage.
5.3. Depth and dimensions of foundations
5.3.1 The depth and dimensions of foundations on a natural foundation should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01.
Number of floors (floors) |
Minimum belt width foundation, mm |
The minimum area of \u200b\u200bthe foot of the foundation for the columns at a step of 3 m, m2 |
|
under the outer walls |
under the inner walls |
||
Notes:
|
5.3.2 Permitted device shallow foundations in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01.
Precast concrete blocks must be made of concrete of class B 12.5 or higher and meet the requirements of GOST 6133 or GOST 13579.
5.4.5 In places where support platforms for floor beams are arranged, the thickness of the basement wall in the upper section can be reduced to 90 mm. In this case, the height of the wall section with a reduced thickness should be no more than 350 mm.
5.4.6 In the case of facing the exterior walls of the house with brickwork, it is allowed to continue this facing to the above-ground part of the basement wall. At the same time, the thickness of the above-ground part of these walls in the lined areas can be reduced to 90 mm.
Facing brickwork must be fixed to the basement wall with metal ties, placed in increments of no more than 200 mm vertically and no more than 900 mm horizontally. The gap between the basement wall and the cladding must be filled with mortar.
5.4.7 The elevation of the top of the outer walls of the basements should be at least 150 mm above the planning level of the ground.
If the outer walls of the first floor have wood sheathing or plaster on wooden lathing, the distance from the bottom of the sheathing (plaster) to the level of the planning must be at least 250 mm.
5.5. Columns, pillars and pilasters
5.5.1.1 The requirements of this subsection apply to columns, pillars (of masonry) and pilasters supporting basement floor girders, carrying loads from no more than two floors, as well as columns (pillars) supporting the roofs of parking lots. In cases where the listed conditions, as well as the conditions for, are not met, the dimensions of the cross-section of the supports for the overlap above the basement (basement) and the requirements for the joints supporting the purlins should be determined by a calculation that takes into account the forces in the frame elements arising from all types of influences, including wind. Recommended if the conditions for the layout of the basement ( basement floor) this allows you to place load-bearing internal walls in their rooms, on which the floors will rest in this case.
5.5.1.2 Columns (pillars) should be fixed in the center of the foundations. The design of the columns should ensure their connection with the elements of the floor structures resting on them.
5.5.1.3 Outside columns (pillars) should be anchored in the foundations and connected to the floor structures using anchor bolts.
5.5.1.4 Wooden columns during their installation should be separated from concrete with plastic wrap or roofing material.
5.5.1.5 Steel columns should be used in buildings no more than two storeys high.
5.5.2 Column dimensions
5.5.2.1 The dimensions of the cross-section of the columns (pillars) under loads on must be at least:
- for columns made of steel pipes - outer diameter 73 mm, wall thickness 4.8 mm;
- for wooden columns of circular cross-section - diameter 184 mm; rectangular section - 140 x 140 mm;
- for monolithic concrete columns of circular cross-section - diameter 230 mm; rectangular section - 200 x 200 mm;
- for masonry pillars - 288 x 288; 190 x 390 mm.
The use of steel columns of rectangular or square section is allowed, minimum dimensions which should be determined by calculation.
5.5.2.2 The width of the upper support slabs of the columns should be no less than the floor elements resting on them. It is allowed not to arrange the upper support plate for a metal column if a metal beam rests on the column and their connection is structurally provided.
5.5.3 Pilasters should be installed in the walls of basements with a thickness of not more than 140 mm, in the places where the floor elements are supported. The pilasters must be securely connected to the basement wall along their entire height.
5.5.4 The upper part of the walls of the basements and pilasters with a height of at least 200 mm at the support points of the floor elements should have a solid section.
5.6. Floor on the ground in basements and ground covering in underground
5.6.1 The requirements of this subsection apply to floors that are not a load-bearing element of foundations and are arranged in the form of a monolithic concrete slab laid on the soil of a natural foundation or on an underlying layer.
5.6.2 The underlying layer of the floor on the ground made of compacted crushed stone or coarse sand should be at least 100 mm thick. The content of particles less than 4 mm in size in this layer should be no more than 10% by weight.
5.6.3 It is allowed not to arrange an underlying layer under the floors of parking lots, as well as terraces, if ground gases are not dangerous.
5.6.4 The penetration of water under the floors on the ground should be prevented by the vertical leveling of the territory and the device of drainage.
5.6.5 Where hydrostatic groundwater pressure is present under floors, the concrete slab should be designed to absorb hydrostatic pressure.
5.6.6 Between the concrete floor slab and the base, a material should be placed that prevents the concrete of the slab from adhering to the base (for example, plastic sheeting).
5.6.7 Wooden floors arranged on a concrete slab must be made of timber protected from rotting in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.03.11.
5.6.8 Floors on the ground in heated basements should consist of:
- a monolithic concrete slab with a thickness of at least 50 mm;
- polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mm.
5.6.9 Covering the ground in underground, as well as in unheated basements, it is recommended to arrange from:
- a layer of asphalt with a thickness of at least 50 mm;
- a monolithic concrete slab with a thickness of at least 100 mm;
- a layer of rolled waterproofing or roofing material or a layer of polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mm.
5.7. Drainage of foundations and surface drainage
5.7.1 Drainage under the bottom of the foundations of the outer walls of the house, the outer walls of the basements or subfields, as well as under the floors along the ground can be carried out using drainage pipes or by installing a drainage layer.
5.7.2 Drainage pipes and drainage layer should be laid on undisturbed soil or on tamped preparation.
5.7.3 Drainage pipes should be laid on the outside of the foundation or under the floor on the ground so that the top of the pipes is below the concrete floor slab on the ground.
5.7.4 The laid drainage pipes from the side and from above to a height of at least 150 mm should be covered with drainage material (crushed stone or coarse sand) with a particle size of less than 4 mm, no more than 10% by mass. The thickness of this layer under the base of the foundation should be at least 125 mm, and in plan the layer should protrude 300 mm beyond the outer edges of the foundation. On damp construction sites, where part of the material of the drainage layer is embedded in the soil, the thickness of this layer should be increased so that the thickness of the base of the layer not contaminated with soil is at least 125 mm.
5.8. Waterproofing and waterproofing basements and technical subfields
5.8.1 General
5.8.1.1 The outer surfaces of the walls of basements and technical subfields, as well as floors along the ground, must have layers:
- moisture insulation, if the ground level is above the ground level on the inside of the basement wall;
- waterproofing, if there is a risk of hydrostatic pressure of groundwater.
5.8.1.2 The coverings of underground structures (canals, wells, sewage tanks) must be waterproofed to prevent water from entering the structures.
5.8.1.3 Roll roofing and waterproofing materials that meet the requirements of GOST 30547, or roofing and waterproofing mastics that meet the requirements of GOST 30693 are used for the device of moisture insulation or waterproofing.
5.8.1.4 Before installing moisture-proof or waterproofing layers, the outer surfaces of the basement walls must be plastered with cement mortar with a thickness of at least 6 mm. At the same time, on the walls made of in-situ concrete, all recesses and irregularities remaining after stripping must be sealed with cement mortar flush with the concrete surface.
The plaster layer must be connected to the foundation with a fillet where the wall rests on it.
5.8.2 Waterproofing device
5.8.2.1 In the case when a finishing layer is arranged on the inner side of the basement wall or when wooden elements are installed to fix the thermal insulation or finishing layer in contact with the inner surface of the wall, the part of this surface located below the level of the ground level must have a moisture-proof layer.
5.8.2.2 The moisture-proofing material should be applied to the plastered outer and smooth inner surface of the basement walls.
5.8.2.3 When installing floors on the ground, the moisture-proof layer is laid under the concrete floor slab.
In the case of a separate floor structure on a concrete slab, it is allowed to lay a moisture-proof layer on top of a concrete slab with its insertion into the joints between the slab and the foundations.
5.8.2.4 The moisture-proof layer, laid under the slab, must consist of a polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mm or from a roll of waterproofing material. Butt joints of film or roll materials must be overlapped with an overlap width of at least 100 mm.
5.8.2.5 The moisture barrier applied on top of the slab should consist of at least two layers of coated bitumen or polyethylene film or other material with similar properties.
5.8.3 Waterproofing device
5.8.3.1 The waterproofing layer should be arranged on the plastered outer surface of the basement walls from at least two layers of bitumen-based waterproofing material glued to the bitumen layer and coated with bitumen on top.
5.8.3.2 If there is a hydrostatic pressure of groundwater in the floors on the ground, a membrane waterproofing system should be arranged, which consists of two layers of concrete with a thickness of at least 75 mm each and a layer of bitumen or other waterproofing coating between them, brought to the waterproofing layers on the walls of the basement.
5.9. Protection against soil gases
5.9.2 Protection of floors on the ground
5.9.2.1 The joints between the floor slab along the ground and the walls of the basements, as well as all the gaps in the slabs along the ground in the places where pipes and other structural elements pass through, must be sealed using non-hardening sealants.
5.9.2.2 Holes for water drainage in floor slabs along the ground shall have hydraulic seals to prevent the penetration of ground gases.
5.9.2.3 The insulating layer is laid under the concrete floor slab. In the case of flooring on a concrete slab, the insulation layer is laid over the concrete slab.
When laying the insulating layer under the slab, the butt joints of the vapor barrier material must be overlapped with a floor width of at least 300 mm.
When laying the insulating layer on top of the slab, the joints of the vapor barrier material must be sealed.
5.9.3 Protection of basement walls
5.9.3.1 In the absence of moisture insulation on the inner surface of the walls, the blocks of the lower row of the wall should not have voids, and at the point where the floor slab adjoins the wall, a waterproofing layer should be laid, attached to the wall and the floor slab with a plastic sealing compound or inserted under the floor slab.
5.10. backfilling
5.10.1 In cases where the design of the house does not provide for measures to ensure the resistance of the basement walls to the forces arising from the backfilling of the sinuses and the foundation pit (for example, buttresses, pilasters), backfilling work should be performed after the overlap over the basement or underground.
5.10.2 When performing work on backfilling of sinuses and pits, measures should be taken to avoid damage to drainage pipes, basement walls and the thermal insulation, moisture insulation, waterproofing and vapor barrier layers applied to them.
5.10.3 Backfill soil should be compacted and laid with a slope away from the house to prevent surface water from flowing to the basement walls.
5.10.4 Backfilling should be performed with non-porous soils in the warm season. The backfill soil within 60 cm from the wall of the house should not contain solid inclusions larger than 250 mm.
BUILDING REGULATIONS
INSULATION AND FINISHING COATINGS
SNiP 3.04.01-87
STATE BUILDING
USSR COMMITTEE
Moscow 1988
Development of TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Candidate of Technical Sciences N.N. Zavrazhin - head of the topic, V.A.Anzigitov) with the participation of TsNIIpromzdanii Gosstroy of the USSR (Candidate of Technical Sciences I.P. D. B. Baulin), NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. E. D. Belousov, Candidate of Technical Sciences G. S. Agadzhanov), SKTB Glavtonnelmetrostroy of the USSR Ministry of Transport (Candidates of Technical Sciences V. V. Krylova , V.G. Golubov), Department of Soyuzmetrospetsstroy of the USSR Ministry of Transport (A.P. Levina, P.F.Litvin), NIIZhB Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences Prof. F.M. Ivanova).
Introduced by TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR.
Prepared for approval by the Department of Standardization and Technical Norms in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (DI Prokofiev).
With the introduction of SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings" SNiP III-20-74 *, SNiP III-21-73 *, SNiP IIIV.14-72 are no longer valid; GOST 22753-77, GOST 22844-77, GOST 23305-78.
When using a normative document, one should take into account the approved changes in building codes and regulations and state standards published in the journal "Bulletin of Construction Equipment", "Collection of changes to building codes and regulations" of the USSR State Construction Committee and the information index "USSR State Standards" of the USSR State Standard.
Building codes and regulations (SNiP 3.04.01-87) - Insulation and finishing coatings
Instead: SNiP III-20-74 *; SNiP III-21-73 *; SNiP III-B.14-72; GOST 22753-77; GOST 22844-77; GOST 23305-78
1. General Provisions
2. Insulating coatings and roofs
- General requirements
- Preparation of foundations and underlying insulation elements
- Installation of insulation and roofing from roll materials
- Installation of insulation and roofs made of polymer and emulsion-bitumen compositions
- Insulation device from cement mortars, hot asphalt mixtures, bitumen perlite and bitumen claydite
- Production of thermal insulation works using soft, rigid and semi-rigid fibrous products and the device of thermal insulation cover shells made of rigid materials
- Thermal insulation device made of slabs and bulk materials
- Installation of roofs made of piece materials
- Insulation and roofing parts made of metal sheets
- Requirements for finished insulating (roofing) coatings and structural elements
3. Finishing work and protection of building structures and technological equipment from corrosion (anti-corrosion work)
- General provisions
- Surface preparation
- Plastering and stucco work
- Production of painting works
- Production of decorative finishing works
- Production of wallpaper works
- Production of glass works
- Production of facing works
- Installation of suspended ceilings, panels and slabs with front finishing in building interiors
- Requirements for finished finishing coatings
4. Floor arrangement
- General requirements
- Preparation of the underlying floor elements
- Arrangement of concrete underlays
- Coupler device
- Soundproofing device
- Waterproofing device
- Requirements for intermediate floor elements
- Installation of monolithic coatings
- Arrangement of coatings from plates (tiles) and standardized blocks
- Arrangement of coatings from wood and wood-based products
- Arrangement of coatings made of polymer materials
- Requirements for the finished floor covering
1. General Provisions
1.1. These building codes and regulations apply to the production and acceptance of works on the installation of insulation, finishing, protective coatings and floors of buildings and structures, with the exception of works due to the special conditions of operation of buildings and structures.
1.2. Insulation, finishing, protective coatings and floor structures must be performed in accordance with the project (finishing coatings in the absence of project requirements - according to the standard). Replacement of materials, products and compositions envisaged by the project is allowed only in agreement with design organization and the customer.
1.3. Work on the production of thermal insulation works can begin only after the execution of an act (permit) signed by the customer, representatives of the installation organization and the organization performing thermal insulation work.
1.4. The device of each element of insulation (roof), floor, protective and finishing coatings should be carried out after checking the correctness of the implementation of the corresponding underlying element with the drawing up of an inspection report for hidden works.
1.5. With appropriate justification, in agreement with the customer and the design organization, it is allowed to designate methods of production of work and organizational and technological solutions, as well as establish methods, volumes and types of registration of quality control of work that differ from those provided for by these rules.
2. INSULATING COATINGS AND ROOFS
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Insulation and roofing works are allowed to be performed from 60 to minus 30 (C of the environment (work with hot mastics - at an ambient temperature of at least minus 20 (C, using water-based compounds without antifreeze additives at least 5 (C)).
2.2. In the foundations for roofing and insulation, in accordance with the project, the following work must be performed:
to seal the seams between the precast plates;
arrange temperature-shrinkage seams;
mount embedded elements;
to plaster sections of vertical surfaces of stone structures to the height of the abutment of the roll or emulsion-mastic carpet of the roof and insulation.
2.3. Insulating compounds and materials should be applied in continuous and uniform layers or in one layer without gaps and sagging. Each layer must be arranged on the hardened surface of the previous one with leveling of the applied compositions, with the exception of painting. When preparing and preparing insulating compounds, the requirements of table must be observed. 1.
Table 1
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
|
Bitumen and tar (pitch) must be used cleaned from impurities and dehydrated. Heating should not exceed, (C: bitumen - 180 tar (pitch) - 140 |
Measuring, periodic but not less than 4 times per shift, work log |
|
Fillers (aggregates) must be sieved through a sieve with mesh sizes, mm: for sand - 1.5 for dusty - 2 for fibrous - 4 |
||
Permissible moisture content of fillers (aggregates): for sand for formulations with sealing additives for other formulations |
||
Temperature of emulsions and their components, С: bitumen - 110 emulsifier solution - 90 latex (when introduced into an emulsion) - 70 |
Minus 10 C |
The same, at least 5-6 times per shift, work log |
Uniform distribution of bitumen in bitumen perlite and bitumen-claydite - 90% |
||
Compaction coefficient of bitumen-perlite and bitumen-claydite under a pressure of 0.67-0.7 MPa - not less than 1.6 |
||
Temperature when applying mastics, С: hot bitumen - 160 hot tar - 130 cold (in winter) - 65 |
||
Insulation device dispersedly reinforced with fiberglass (fiberglass fibers): fiber dimensions - 20 mm the ratio by weight of alumina cement to Portland cement - 90: 10 |
Measuring, periodic at least 16 measurements per shift (every 0.5 hours of operation), work log |
|
Heavy concrete for roofing without insulation coating (roofs) must contain: plasticizing and air-entraining additives, aggregates made from fractionated sand and coarsely graded crushed stone; portland cement - hydrophobic, containing no more than 6% calcium aluminate; crushed stone of igneous rocks or gravel with a temporary resistance of at least 100 MPa in a water-saturated state; granulometric composition of crushed stone, mm: sand of the protective layer of the size module - 2.1 - 3.15 |
Measuring, periodic, at least 4 times per shift, work log |
|
Gravel and other frost-resistant mineral materials must be sorted and washed |
Preparation of foundations and underlying insulation elements
2.4. Substrates must be dedusted before applying priming and insulating compounds, including adhesives and mastics.
2.5. Leveling screeds (made of cement-sand, gypsum, gypsum-sand mortars and asphalt concrete mixtures) should be arranged with grapples 2-3 m wide along guides with leveling and compaction of the surface.
2.6. The priming of the surface before applying the adhesives and insulating compounds must be continuous without gaps and breaks. The priming of screeds made of cement-sand mortars should be carried out no later than 4 hours after their laying, using primers on slowly evaporating solvents (except for screeds with a surface slope of more than 5%, when priming should be carried out after they have hardened). When preparing the base surface, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of Table 2.
The primer must have a strong adhesion to the base, and there must be no traces of the binder on the tampon attached to it.
table 2
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Permissible deviations of the base surface for roll and roll-free emulsion and mastic insulation and roofing: along a slope and on a horizontal surface across a slope and on a vertical surface from piece materials: along and across the slope |
Measurement, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 70-100 m2 of surface or on a smaller area in places determined by visual inspection |
|
Deviations of the element plane from the specified slope (over the entire area) |
||
Structural element thickness (from design) |
||
The number of irregularities (smooth outlines with a length of not more than 150 mm) on a surface area of \u200b\u200b4 m 2 |
No more than 2 |
|
Primer thickness, mm: for roofs made of weldable materials - 0.7 when priming the hardened screed - 0.3 when priming screeds within 4 hours after applying the solution - 0.6 |
2.7. The moisture content of the base before applying the primer should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bindicated in table. 3. On damp substrates, it is allowed to apply only water-based primers or insulating compounds, if the moisture appearing on the surface of the substrate does not damage the integrity of the coating film.
2.8. The metal surfaces of pipelines, equipment and fasteners to be insulated must be cleaned from rust, and those subject to corrosion protection must be treated in accordance with the project.
2.9. Insulation of installed equipment and pipelines should be carried out after their permanent fixation in the design position. Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines in places that are inaccessible for insulation must be carried out completely before installation, including the installation of cover sheaths.
Insulation of pipelines located in non-passable channels and trays must be performed before they are installed in the channels.
2.10. Equipment and pipelines filled with substances must be emptied of them before the start of insulation work.
2.11. When performing work in negative temperatures, rolled insulating materials must be warmed up to a temperature of at least 15 (C) within 20 hours, rewound and delivered to the place of installation in an insulated container.
2.12. When installing roof insulation from large-sized complex panels with a factory-applied roof carpet, the joints of the roof panels should be sealed and pasted after checking the insulation of the mounted panels.
INSULATION DEVICE AND ROOF OF ROLLED MATERIALS
2.13. Roofing and waterproofing carpets made of roll materials with a mastic layer pre-melted at the factory must be glued onto a pre-primed base by melting or liquefying (plasticizing) the mastic layer of the material without the use of adhesive mastics. The adhesive strength should be at least 0.5 MPa.
Liquefaction of the mastic layer should be carried out at an air temperature of at least 5 (C with the simultaneous laying of a roll carpet or before it is laid (depending on the ambient temperature).
Melting of the mastic layer should be carried out simultaneously with the layout of the panels (the temperature of the melted mastic is 140-160 ° C). Each laid layer of the roof must be rolled with a roller before the device of the next one.
2.14. Roll materials must be marked at the place of installation before gluing; the layout of panels of rolled materials must ensure compliance with the values \u200b\u200bof their overlap when gluing.
The mastic should be applied in a uniform continuous, without gaps or stripe layer in accordance with the project. When the panels are point-glued to the base, the mastic should be applied after the panels are rolled out at the locations of the holes.
2.15. When installing roll insulation or roofing using adhesives, hot mastics should be applied to the primed base immediately before gluing the panels. Cold mastics (adhesives) should be applied to the substrate or panel in advance. Between the application of adhesive compositions and gluing of panels, technological breaks must be observed to ensure strong adhesion of the adhesive compositions to the base.
Each layer should be laid after the mastics have hardened and a strong adhesion to the base of the previous layer is achieved.
2.16. When installing roofs, sheets of roll materials should be glued:
in the direction from low to high areas with the location of the panels along the length perpendicular to the water drain with roof slopes up to 15%;
in the direction of the drain - with roof slopes of more than 15%.
Cross-sticking of insulation and roof panels is not allowed. The type of sticker on the rolled carpet (solid, stripe or dotted) must correspond to the project.
2.17. When gluing, the panels of insulation and roofs should be laid with an overlap of 100 mm (70 mm across the width of panels of the lower layers of the roof of roofs with a slope of more than 1.5%).
2.18. When installing insulation or roofing, glass cloth must be spread, laying without the formation of waves, immediately after applying hot mastic and covered with mastic with a thickness of at least 2 mm.
Subsequent layers should be laid in the same way after the lower layer mastic has cooled.
2.19. Temperature-shrinkage joints in screeds and joints between floor slabs must be covered with strips of rolled material up to 150 mm wide and glued on one side of the seam (joint).
2.20. In places where it adjoins the protruding roof surfaces (parapets, pipelines, etc.), the roofing carpet should be raised to the top of the screed edge, glued on mastic with filling of the upper horizontal seams. Bonding of additional layers of roofing should be performed after the installation of the top layer of the roof immediately after the application of the adhesive mastic in a continuous layer.
2.21. When gluing roofing carpet panels along the roof slope, the upper part of the lower layer panel must overlap the opposite slope by at least 1000 mm. The mastic should be applied directly under the roll to be rolled in three strips 80-100 mm wide. Subsequent layers must be glued on a continuous layer of mastic.
When gluing the panels across the roof slope, the upper part of the panel of each layer laid on the ridge should overlap the opposite roof slope by 250 mm and stick on a continuous layer of mastic.
2.22. When installing a protective gravel coating on the roofing carpet, it is necessary to apply hot mastic in a continuous layer 2 - 3 mm thick and 2 m wide, sprinkling immediately over it a continuous layer of gravel, free of dust, 5-10 mm thick. The number of layers and the total thickness of the protective coating must correspond to the design.
2.23. When installing roll insulation and roofing, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of table. 3.
Table 3
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
The permissible moisture content of the bases when applying all compositions, except for water-based compositions, should not exceed: concrete cement-sand, gypsum and gypsum-sand any substrates when applying water-based formulations |
Before the appearance of surface moisture |
Measurement, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements evenly for every 50-70 m 2 of the base, registration |
Temperature when applying hot mastics, (C: bituminous - 160 tar - 130 |
Measuring, periodic, at least 4 times per shift, work log |
|
The thickness of the mastic layer when gluing the roll carpet, mm: hot bituminous - 2.0 intermediate layers - 1.5 cold bituminous - 0.8 |
||
Thickness of one layer of insulation, mm: cold asphalt mastics - 7 cement mortars - 10 emulsions - 3 polymer compounds (such as "Roofleit" and "Venta") - 1 |
Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 70-100 m2 in places determined by visual inspection, work log |
INSULATION DEVICE AND ROOF OF POLYMER AND EMULSION-BITUMEN COMPOUNDS
2.24. When installing insulation and roofing from emulsion-mastic compositions, each layer of the insulating carpet must be applied in a continuous, without breaks, uniform thickness after the primer or the base layer has hardened.
2.25. When installing insulation and roofing made of polymer compositions such as "Roofleit" and "Venta", they must be applied with high-pressure units that ensure density, uniform coating thickness and adhesion strength of the coating to the base not less than 0.5 MPa. When using cold asphalt emulsion mastics, the supply and application of the compositions should be carried out by units with screw pumps (mechanical action), which ensure the adhesion of the coating to the base not less than 0.4 MPa.
2.26. When installing insulation and roofing from emulsion-mastic compositions reinforced with fiberglass fibers, their application should be carried out with units that ensure the production of fibers of the same length, uniform distribution in the composition and density of the insulating coating.
2.27. When installing insulation and roofing made of polymer and emulsion-mastic compositions, the requirements of table must be observed. 3. Roof joints should be arranged similarly to rolled roofs.
INSULATION DEVICE FROM CEMENT MORTARS, HOT ASPHALT MIXTURES, BITUMEN PERLIT AND BITUMOCERAMZITE
2.28. Perlite bitumen, bitumen claydite, cement mortars, hot asphalt mixtures with a surface slope of up to 25% must be laid on lighthouse battens in strips 2-6 m wide in layers of uniform thickness (no more than 75 mm) with compaction and smoothing of the layer surface.
Each layer must be applied after the previous one has hardened.
2.29. When installing cement waterproofing from mortars using waterproof expanding cements (WRC), waterproof nonshrinking cements (VBC) or Portland cement with sealing additives, the compositions should be applied to the base surface moistened with water.
Each subsequent layer should be applied no later than 30 minutes (when using VRC and VBC compounds) or no more than a day (when using compounds on Portland cement with sealing additives) after the previous layer has hardened.
Cement waterproofing within two days after application (1 hour when using VBC and VRC) should be protected from mechanical stress.
2.30 Moistening of cement waterproofing during hardening should be carried out with a spray water jet without pressure when using the following compounds:
VRC and VBC - 1 hour after application and every 3 hours during the day;
on Portland cement with sealing additives - 8-12 hours after application, and then 2-3 times a day for 14 days.
2.31. When installing insulation from bitumen perlite, bitumen claydite, waterproofing from cement mortars and hot asphalt mixtures, mastics and bitumen, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of Table. 4.
Table 4
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Permissible surface deviations (when checking with a two-meter rail): horizontally vertically element plane from a given slope - 0.2% coating element thickness - |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements for every 50 - 100 m2 of surface or on a smaller area in places determined by visual inspection |
|
Mobility of compositions (mixtures) without plasticizers, cm: when applied by hand - 10 when applied with units with piston or screw pumps - 5 when using plasticizers - 10 |
Measuring, at least 3 measurements for every 70-100 m 2 of the coating surface |
|
The temperature of hot asphalt mixtures, bitumen-perlite and bitumen-claydite during application is not less than 120 (С |
Measuring, periodic, at least 8 times per shift, work log |
PRODUCTION OF THERMAL INSULATION WORKS USING SOFT, RIGID AND SEMI-RIGID FIBROUS PRODUCTS AND DEVICE OF HEAT INSULATION COVERINGS FROM RIGID MATERIALS
2.32. When constructing cover casings made of flat or corrugated asbestos-cement sheets, their installation and fastening must correspond to the project.
When carrying out work on the construction of cover shells of thermal insulation made of rigid and flexible (non-metallic) materials, it is necessary to ensure a tight fit of the shells to the thermal insulation with reliable fastening using fasteners and careful sealing of the joints of flexible shells with their gluing in accordance with the project.
On pipelines with a diameter of up to 200 mm, fiberglass should be laid spirally, on pipelines with a diameter of more than 200 mm - in separate sheets in accordance with the requirements of the project.
2.33. Installation of heat-insulating structures and cover shells must be started from unloading devices, flange joints, curved sections (bends) and fittings (tees, crosses) and carried out in the direction opposite to the slope, and on vertical surfaces - from the bottom up.
2.34. When installing thermal insulation from rigid products laid dry, a gap of no more than 2 mm between the products and the insulated surface must be provided.
When gluing hard products, the temperature of the mastics must meet the requirements of table. 3. The fixing of the products to the base must correspond to the project.
2.35. When installing thermal insulation of pipelines using soft and semi-rigid fibrous products, it is necessary to ensure:
compaction of heat-insulating materials according to the project with a compaction coefficient for soft fibrous products no more than 1.5, for semi-rigid ones -1.2;
tight fit of products to the insulated surface and to each other; with insulation in several layers - overlapping of longitudinal and transverse seams;
dense spiral laying of insulation with cords and bundles with a minimum deviation relative to the plane perpendicular to the pipeline axis, and winding in multilayer structures of each subsequent layer in the direction opposite to the turns of the previous layer;
installation on horizontal pipelines and fastening devices to prevent sagging of thermal insulation.
HEAT INSULATION DEVICE FROM PLATES AND BULK MATERIALS
2.36. Insulation materials when installing thermal insulation from slabs should be placed on the base tightly to each other and have the same thickness in each layer.
When installing thermal insulation in several layers, the seams of the slabs must be staggered.
2.37. Heat-insulating bulk materials must be sorted into fractions before laying. Thermal insulation must be arranged along the lighthouse slats in strips 3-4 m wide with the laying of loose insulation of smaller fractions in the lower layer.
Layers must be laid with a maximum thickness of 60 mm and compacted after laying.
2.38. When installing thermal insulation from plate and bulk materials, the requirements of table must be observed. 5 and 6.
Table 5
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
The permissible moisture content of the bases should not exceed: from prefabricated from monolithic |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements for every 50-70 m2 of coverage, work log |
|
Heat insulation made of piece materials the thickness of the interlayer layer should not exceed, mm: from glues and cold mastics - 0.8 from hot mastics - 1.5 width of seams between plates, blocks, products, mm: when gluing - no more than 5 (for rigid products - 3) when laying dry - no more than 2 |
||
Monolithic and slab thermal insulation: insulation coating thickness (from design) |
5 ... + 10% but not more than 20 mm |
|
Insulation plane deviations: from a given slope horizontally vertically |
Measuring, for every 50-100 m2 of coating surface |
|
The size of the steps between tiles and sheets of roofs should not exceed 5 mm |
||
The size of the overlap of plates and sheets must correspond to the design - 5% |
||
Deviations of insulation thickness from design |
Measuring, at least 3 measurements for every 70-100 m 2 of the coating surface after continuous visual inspection, work log |
|
Deviations of the compaction coefficient from the design |
The same, at least 5 measurements for every 100-150 m2 of the coating surface |
DEVICE ROOF FROM PIECE MATERIALS
2.39. When installing wooden bases (lathing) under roofs made of piece materials, the following requirements must be observed:
the joints of the crate should be staggered;
the distances between the elements of the crate must correspond to the design;
in places where eaves, gutters and valleys are covered, as well as under roofs from small-piece elements, the base must be made of boards (solid).
2.40. Piece roofing materials should be laid on the lathing in rows from the eaves to the ridge according to the preliminary marking. Each overlying row should go over the underlying one.
2.41. Asbestos-cement sheets wavy ordinary profile and medium-wavy must be laid with an offset of one wave in relation to the sheets of the previous row or without offset. Sheets of reinforced and unified profiles must be laid in relation to the sheets of the previous row without displacement.
When laying sheets without shifting to the wave at the junction of four sheets, the corners of two middle sheets should be trimmed with a gap between the abutting corners of sheets VO 3-4 mm and sheets SV, UV and VU-8-10 mm.
2.42. Asbestos-cement sheets VO and SV should be fastened to the crate with slate nails with a galvanized head, sheets with UV and VU-screws with special grips, flat sheets - with two nails and an anti-wind button, outer sheets and ridge parts - in addition with two anti-wind brackets.
2.43. When installing roofs from piece materials, the requirements of table. 4.
INSULATION AND ROOF DETAILS FROM METAL SHEETS
2.44. Metal waterproofing should be arranged with sheet welding in accordance with the project. After welding, the filling of cavities behind the insulation should be injected with the compound under a pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa.
2.45. When installing metal roofs, parts and abutments made of metal sheets of any kind of roofs, the joining of pictures located along the water drain must be carried out with recumbent folds, except for ribs, slopes and ridge, where the pictures must be connected with standing folds. With roof slopes less than 30 °, the recumbent seam must be double and coated with red lead putty. The amount of bending of pictures for the device of recumbent folds should be taken 15 mm; standing folds -20 mm for one and 35 mm for another, adjacent picture. Fastening pictures to the base must be carried out with clamps passed between the folds of the sheets and T-shaped crutches.
REQUIREMENTS FOR FINISHED INSULATING (ROOFING) COATINGS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
2.46. Requirements for finished insulating (roofing) coatings and structures are given in table. 7.
Table 7
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Full drainage of water over the entire surface of the roofs should be carried out through external and internal drains without stagnant water |
||
The strength of adhesion to the base and to each other of the roofing and waterproofing carpet made of roll materials over a continuous mastic adhesive layer of emulsion compositions with the base is not less than 0.5 MPa |
Measuring, 5 measurements per 120-150 m 2 of the coating surface (when tapping, the nature of the sound should not change); when the glued materials break, there should be no delamination along the mastic (the break should occur inside the roll panel), acceptance certificate |
|
The heat resistance and compositions of mastics for gluing roll and board materials, as well as the strength and composition of solutions of the adhesive interlayer must correspond to the design. Deviation from the project - 5%. |
Technical inspection, acceptance certificate |
|
The arrangement of panels and metal paintings (depending on the slope of the coating), their connection and protection in an ordinary coating, in places of abutments and mates in different planes must correspond to the project |
||
Bubbles, bulges, air bags, tears, dents, punctures, spongy structure, sagging and sagging on the surface of roofing and insulation are not allowed |
||
Increase in moisture content of substrates, intermediate elements, coating and the entire structure compared to the standard |
No more than 0.5% |
Measuring, 5 measurements on an area of \u200b\u200b50-70 m 2 of the coating surface or in separate areas of a smaller area in places identified by visual inspection, acceptance certificate |
When accepting finished insulation and roofing, it is necessary to check: the correspondence of the number of reinforcing (additional) layers in the mates (abutments) to the project; for waterproofing: the quality of filling joints and holes in prefabricated structures with sealing materials; the quality of the minting; correct waterproofing of bolt holes, as well as holes for injecting solutions for finishing structures; absence of leaks and discontinuities in the lines of seams in the metal waterproofing; for roofs made of roll materials, emulsion, mastic compositions: the bowls of the water intake funnel of internal drains should not protrude above the surface of the base; the corners of the abutment structures (screeds and concrete) must be smoothed and even, not have sharp corners; for roofs made of piece materials and roofing parts made of metal sheets: the absence of visible gaps in the coating when inspecting the roof from the attic; absence of spalling and cracks (in asbestos-cement and sealed flat and corrugated sheets); strong connection of the links of the drainpipes to each other; the presence of a smear of double recumbent folds in the joints of metal paintings on a coating with a slope of less than 30 (; for thermal insulation: the continuity of the layers, the quality of the lining of the passages of the pipe fasteners, equipment, structural parts, etc. through thermal insulation; absence of mechanical damage, sagging layers and looseness of adhesion to the base |
Deviation from the project is not allowed |
Technical inspection, acceptance certificate |
3. FINISHING WORKS AND PROTECTION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES AND TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT FROM CORROSION (ANTI-CORROSION WORKS)
GENERAL PROVISIONS
3.1. Finishing work, with the exception of facades, must be carried out at a positive temperature of the environment and the surfaces to be finished not lower than 10 ° C and air humidity not more than 60%. This temperature in the room must be maintained around the clock, at least 2 days before the start and 12 days after the end of work, and for upholstery work - before the facility is put into operation.
3.2. Work on the application of protective coatings should be carried out at an ambient air temperature and protected surfaces not lower than ° С:
10 - for paint and varnish protective coatings from compositions prepared on the basis of natural resins; mastic and putty coatings from silicate compounds; lining protective coatings using bituminous roll materials, polyisobutylene plates, Butylcor-S plates, duplicated polyethylene; rubber coatings; facing and lining coatings using acid-resistant silicate putties and bituminol mastics; for acid-resistant concrete and silicate polymer concrete;
15 - for paint and varnish reinforced and unreinforced continuous coatings from compositions prepared on the basis of synthetic resins; mastic coatings and sealants from compositions based on synthetic rubbers and nairite; coatings from sheet polymeric materials; facing and lining coatings with the use of putties such as "Arzamit", "Furankor", as well as polyester, epoxy resins and resins with epoxy additives; for coatings made of polymer concrete and polymer cement coatings;
25 - for coatings from the "Polan" composition.
3.3. Finishing work should be carried out in accordance with the project for the production of work (PPR) for the construction of buildings and structures. Before the start of finishing work, the following work must be performed:
protection of the finished premises from atmospheric precipitation has been carried out;
waterproofing, heat and sound insulation and leveling floor screeds are arranged;
sealed seams between blocks and panels;
the joints of window, door and balcony blocks were sealed and insulated;
glazed skylights;
embedded products were installed, tests of heat and water supply and heating systems were carried out.
Plastering and cladding (according to the project) of surfaces at the places of installation of embedded products of sanitary-technical systems must be performed prior to their installation.
3.4. Before finishing the facades, the following work must additionally be performed:
external waterproofing and roofing with details and abutments; installation of all floor structures on balconies;
installation and fixing of all metal pictures of the edging of architectural details on the facade of the building;
installation of all downspout fixing devices (according to the project).
3.5. Anti-corrosion work should be performed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85 "Protection of building structures and structures from corrosion".
3.6. When preparing and preparing finishing and anti-corrosion compounds, the requirements of table must be observed. 8.
Table 8
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Plaster solutions must pass without residue through a mesh with mesh sizes, mm: for spraying and soil - 3 for topcoat and single-layer coatings - 1.5 |
Measuring, periodic, 3-4 times per shift, work log |
|
Solution mobility - 5 |
The same for each party |
|
Delamination - no more than 15% |
The same, in laboratory conditions 3-4 times per shift |
|
Water-holding capacity - not less than 90% |
||
Bond strength, MPa, not less: for interior work - 0.1 for outdoor use - 0.4 |
The same, at least 3 measurements per 50-70 m 2 of the coating surface |
|
Size of aggregates for decorative finishing of interiors and facades of buildings, mm: on an adhesive layer of granite, marble, slate, ceramic, glass and plastic chips, as well as coarse sand - 2 cement-lime, lime-sand and cement compositions with sand: quartz - 0.5 marble - 0.25 |
The same, at least 5 measurements per batch per shift |
|
Terrazite mixtures with fine filler: with middle placeholder: mica - 2.5 with a large placeholder: |
|
|
Glass must arrive at the object without cracks, cut to size, complete with seals, sealants and fasteners |
According to the project in accordance with the standards and specifications |
Technical inspection |
Putties: drying time - no more than 24 hours adhesion strength, MPa: after 24 hours not less than 0.1 after 72 hours not less than 0.2 viability - at least 20 minutes |
Measuring, periodic, at least 5 measurements on 50 - 70 m 2 of the coating surface, work log Technical inspection, at least three test spatulas per batch, work log |
|
After drying, the putty coating should be even, without bubbles, cracks and mechanical impurities |
||
Painting and wallpaper materials |
According to the project in accordance with the standards and specifications |
The same, at least three times per batch, work log |
SURFACE PREPARATION
3.7. Finishing and protective coatings on substrates with rust, efflorescence, grease and bitumen stains are not allowed. Wallpapering is also prohibited on surfaces that have not been cleaned from whitewash.
3.8. Dedusting of surfaces should be done before applying each layer of priming, gluing, plastering, paint and protective compounds, plasters and glass putties.
3.9. The strength of the bases must be no less than the strength of the finishing coating and correspond to the design.
3.10. Protruding architectural details, junctions with wooden stone, brick and concrete structures should be plastered on a metal mesh or braided wire attached to the base surface; wooden surfaces - on shingles.
3.11. The internal surfaces of stone and brick walls, erected by the freezing method, should be plastered after thawing the masonry from the inside by at least half the wall thickness.
3.12. When painting and wallpapering, the quality of the prepared substrates must meet the following requirements:
surfaces when painting with oil, glue, water-based compositions and wallpapering should be smoothed, without roughness;
surface cracks are opened, primed, filled with putty to a depth of at least 2 mm and sanded;
shells and irregularities are primed, putty and smoothed;
exfoliation, drips of solution, traces of treatment with trowels are removed;
the seams between the sheets of dry gypsum plaster and the areas adjacent to them are primed, putty, sanded flush with the surface or treated with rustication (in accordance with the project), and when wallpapering, they are additionally pasted over with strips of paper, gauze, etc .;
when pasting the surfaces with wallpaper, the painting of the ceilings has been completed and other painting work has been done.
Substrates prepared for painting, pasting with synthetic wallpaper on a paper and fabric basis, as well as with an adhesive applied at the factory must meet the requirements of Table. 9. The surfaces of all fasteners located under cardboard, paper or directly under wallpaper must be pre-coated with an anti-corrosion agent.
Table 9
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Plastered surfaces deviations from the vertical (mm per 1 m), mm: with simple plaster - 3 the same, improved - 2 the same, high quality - 1 uneven surfaces of smooth outline (by 4 m 2): with simple plaster - no more than 3, depth (height) up to 5 mm the same, improved - no more than 2, depth (height) up to 3 mm the same, high quality - no more than 2, depth (height) up to 2 mm horizontal deviations (mm per 1 m) should not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 3 the same, improved - 2 the same, high quality - 1 |
No more than 15 mm for the height of the room The same, no more than 10 mm The same, no more than 5 mm |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements with a control two-meter rod on 50-70 m 2 of surface or in a separate area of \u200b\u200ba smaller area in places identified by continuous visual inspection (for molded products - at least 5 by 35-40 m and three per element), work log |
Deviations of window and door slopes, pilasters, pillars, husks, etc. from the vertical (mm per 1 m) should not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 4 the same, improved - 2 the same, high quality - 1 |
Up to 10 mm for the whole element The same, up to 5 mm The same, up to 3 mm |
The same, except for measurements (3 by 1 mm) |
The deviation of the radius of curved surfaces checked by the piece from the design value (for the entire element) should not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 10 the same, improved - 7 the same high quality - 5 Deviations of the slope width from the design should not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 5 the same, improved - 3 the same, high quality - 2 |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements with a control two-meter rod on 50 - 70 m 2 of the surface or in a separate section of a smaller area in places identified by continuous visual inspection (for molded products - at least 5 by 35-40 m and three per element), except for measurements ( 3 by 1 mm), work log |
|
Deviations of the rods from a straight line within the limits between the angles of intersection of the rods and ripping should not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 6 the same, improved - 3 the same, high quality - 2 |
||
The surfaces of prefabricated panels and panels must meet the requirements of the standards and specifications for the respective products |
||
Allowable humidity: brick and stone surfaces when plastering, concrete, plastered or putty surfaces when wallpapering and when painting with paints, except for cement and lime the same, when painting with cement and lime compositions wooden surfaces to be painted |
No more than 8% Before the appearance of drip-liquid moisture on the surface No more than 12% |
Measuring, at least 3 measurements per 10 m2 surface |
When applying paint coatings, the surface of the base must be smooth, without roughness; local irregularities with a height (depth) of up to 1 mm - no more than 2 on an area of \u200b\u200b4 m 2 of the coating surface |
3.13. When facing surfaces, the quality of prepared substrates must meet the following requirements:
walls must have a load of at least 65% of the design load with the internal and 80% with the external facing of their surface, with the exception of walls, the facing of which is carried out simultaneously with the masonry;
concrete surfaces and surfaces of brick and stone walls, laid out with fully filled joints, must have a notch;
the surfaces of the walls laid out in a washer must be prepared without notching them with filling the joints with mortar;
any surfaces must be cleaned, rinsed before facing, and moistened to a matte shine before applying an adhesive layer from a solution and other aqueous compounds;
before cladding in rooms, it is necessary to paint the ceilings and wall planes above the surface to be faced. Before cladding the walls with sheets and panels with a front finish, also arrange hidden wiring.
3.14. When preparing facing and other types of surfaces in the production of finishing work, the requirements of table must be observed. nine.
PRODUCTION OF PLASTERING AND STUDY WORKS
3.15. When plastering brick walls at an ambient temperature of 23 ° C and above, the surface must be moistened before applying the solution.
3.16. Improved and high quality plaster should be carried out on beacons, the thickness of which should be equal to the thickness of the plaster coating without a cover layer.
3.17. When installing single-layer coatings, their surface should be leveled immediately after application of the solution, in the case of using trowels - after it has set.
3.18. When installing a multi-layer plaster coating, each layer must be applied after the previous one has set (the covering layer - after the mortar has set). Leveling the soil should be carried out before the mortar starts to set.
3.19. Sheets of gypsum plaster must be glued to the surface of brick walls with compositions corresponding to the design, located in the form of marks, 80x80 mm in size on an area of \u200b\u200bat least 10% along the ceiling, floor, vertical plane angles every 120-150 mm, in the intervals between them at a distance of no more 400 mm, along the vertical edges - in a continuous strip. Sheets should be fastened to wooden bases with wide-headed nails.
3.20. Installation of plaster molded products should be carried out after setting and drying of the base from plaster solutions. The architectural details on the facade must be fixed to the reinforcement embedded in the structure of the walls, previously protected from corrosion.
3.21. In the production of plastering work, the requirements of table must be met. ten.
Table 10
Technical requirements |
Control (method, volume, registration type) |
Allowable thickness of one-layer plaster, mm: when using all types of solutions, except for gypsum - up to 20, from gypsum solutions - up to 15 |
|
Permissible thickness of each layer when installing multi-layer plasters without polymer additives, mm: spraying on stone, brick, concrete surfaces - up to 5 splashing on wooden surfaces (including the thickness of the shingles) - up to 9 soil from cement mortars - up to 5 soil from lime, lime-gypsum solutions - up to 7 covering layer of plaster coating - up to 2 decorative finishing layer - up to 7 |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements per 70-100 m2 of the coating surface or in one room of a smaller area in places identified by continuous visual inspection, work log |
PRODUCTION OF PAINT WORKS
3.22. The production of painting work on the facades should be carried out with the protection of the applied compositions (up to their complete drying) from direct exposure to sunlight.
3.23. In the production of painting work, the surface should be completely putty only with a high-quality painting, and with an improved one - for metal and wood.
3.24. The putty from low-shrinkage compositions with polymer additives must be leveled immediately after application with grinding of individual areas; when applying other types of putty compounds, the surface of the putty should be sanded after it dries.
3.25. Surfaces must be primed before painting with paint compositions, except for organosilicon ones. The priming must be done in a continuous, even layer, without gaps and breaks. The dried primer should have a strong adhesion to the base, not flake off when stretched, there should be no traces of binder on the tampon attached to it. Painting should be done after the primer has dried.
3.26. Paint compounds must also be applied in a continuous layer. The application of each paint composition should begin after the previous one has completely dried. Fluting or trimming of the paint composition should be done according to the freshly applied paint composition.
3.27. When painting plank floors, each layer, except for the last, must be sanded to remove the gloss.
3.28. In the production of painting work, the requirements of table. eleven.
Table 11
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Allowable thickness of paint layers: putties - 0.5 mm paint coating - not less than 25 microns |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements on 50-70 m 2 of the coating surface or in one smaller room, after a complete visual inspection, work log |
|
The surface of each layer of the paint coat with improved and high-quality internal painting with anhydrous compounds should be even, without paint drips, not have a jagged structure, etc. |
The same, on 70-100 m 2 of the coating surface (when illuminated by an electric lamp with a reflector having a narrow slit, the light beam directed parallel to the painted surface should not form shadow spots) |
PRODUCTION OF DECORATIVE FINISHING WORKS
3.29. When decorative finishing with compositions with fillers, the surface of the base must be unsmooth; putty and sanding of rough surfaces is not allowed.
3.30. When finishing surfaces with decorative pastes and terrazite compounds, each layer of multi-layer decorative coatings must be performed after the previous one has hardened, without grinding the front surface.
3.31. When installing finishing coatings from decorative pastes on plaster instead of a cover layer, the work should be carried out in compliance with the rules for the device of a cover layer of plaster coatings.
3.32. Decorative finishing with terrazite compounds should be performed in a single layer in compliance with the requirements for the device of single-layer plaster coatings.
3.33. When finishing surfaces with decorative crumbs, it must be applied over a wet adhesive layer. The applied crumb should have a strong (not less than 0.8 MPa) adhesion to the base and form a continuous, without gaps, coating with a snug fit of the crumb to each other.
Before applying the hydrophobizing composition, the surface must be cleaned with compressed air.
3.34. When arranging decorative finishing coatings, the requirements of table must be observed. 12.
Table 12
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
The amount of embedding of decorative chips into the adhesive layer should be 2/3 of its size |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements on 50-70 m2 of surface in places identified by continuous visual inspection, work log |
|
The adhesion of decorative chips to the base must be at least 0.3 MPa |
The same, at least 5 measurements for 70-100 m 2, work log |
|
Permissible thickness of decorative coating, mm: with the use of crumbs on the glue layer - up to 7 using pastes (on plaster) - up to 5 using terrazite compounds - up to 12 |
The same, at least 5 measurements for every 30-50 m2 of the coating surface |
3.35. When priming the surface under the wallpaper, the adhesive composition should be applied in a continuous uniform layer, without gaps and drips, and kept until thickening begins. An additional layer of adhesive layer should be applied along the perimeter of window and door openings, along the contour and in the corners of the surface to be trimmed with a strip 75-80 mm wide at the moment the base layer begins to thicken.
3.36. When gluing the bases with paper in separate strips or sheets, the distance between them should be 10-12 mm.
3.37. Sticking of panels of paper wallpaper should be done after they have swollen and impregnated with an adhesive.
3.38. Wallpaper with surface density up to 100 g / m2 must be glued overlapping, 100-120 g / m2 and more - back to back.
3.39. When joining overlapping panels, wallpapering of surfaces should be done in the direction from the light openings without arranging joints of vertical rows of panels at the intersections of the planes.
3.40. When pasting surfaces with synthetic wallpaper on a paper or fabric basis, the corners of the walls must be pasted over with a whole sheet. Glue spots on their surface must be removed immediately.
The vertical edges of adjacent panels of textovinite and films on a fabric backing should overlap the width of the previous panel with an overlap of 3-4 mm when gluing. Trimming overlapping edges should be done after the glue layer has completely dried, and after removing the edge, additionally apply glue in the places where the edges of adjacent panels are glued.
3.41. When gluing pile wallpaper, the panels should be smoothed in one direction when gluing.
3.42. When pasting surfaces with wallpaper, the formation of air bubbles, stains and other dirt, as well as adhesion and delamination, is not allowed.
3.43. When wallpapering the premises, until the wallpaper is completely dry, it is necessary to protect it from drafts and direct exposure to sunlight with the establishment of a constant humidity regime. The air temperature when drying the pasted wallpaper should not exceed 23 ° C.
PRODUCTION OF GLASS WORKS
3.44. Glazing works should be carried out at a positive ambient temperature. Glazing at a negative air temperature is allowed only if it is impossible to remove the bindings, when using putty heated to at least 20 ° C.
3.46. When glazing metal and reinforced concrete bindings, metal glazing beads must be installed after laying the rubber gaskets in the rebate.
3.46. Fastening glasses in wooden bindings should be carried out using glazing beads or pins with filling the folds of the binding with putty. The glass should overlap the folds of the bindings by no more than 3/4 of the width. The putty should be applied in an even continuous layer, without tears, until the fold of the binding is completely compacted.
3.47. Docking of glasses, as well as the installation of glasses with defects (cracks, gouges of more than 10 mm, indelible stains, foreign inclusions) when glazing residential buildings and objects of cultural and domestic purposes are not allowed.
3.48. Fastening of uviol, frosted, matte-patterned, reinforced and colored glass, as well as tempered glass in window and door openings, should be performed in the same way as sheet, depending on the binding material.
3.49. The installation of glass blocks on a solution should be carried out with strictly constant horizontal and vertical joints of constant width in accordance with the project.
3.50. Installation of glass panels and assembly of their fittings should be carried out in accordance with the project.
PRODUCTION OF FACING WORKS
3.51. Surface cladding must be carried out in accordance with the PPR in accordance with the project. The connection of the cladding field with the base should be carried out:
when using facing plates and blocks larger than 400 cm2 and more than 10 mm thick - fastening to the base and filling the space between the facing and the wall surface (sinuses) with mortar or without filling the sinuses with mortar when the facing is removed from the wall;
when using slabs and blocks of 400 cm2 or less, no more than 10 mm thick, as well as when facing horizontal and inclined (no more than 45%) surfaces with slabs of any size - on mortar or mastic (in accordance with the project) without additional attachment to the base ;
when facing with embedded plates and facing brick simultaneously with the laying of the walls - on the masonry mortar.
3.52. Cladding of walls, columns, pilasters of interiors should be done before floor covering.
3.53. Cladding elements on an adhesive layer of mortar and mastic must be installed in horizontal rows from bottom to top from the corner of the cladding field.
3.54. The mastic and adhesive layer solution should be applied evenly, without drips, in a layer before installing the tiles. Small-sized tiles on mastics or mortars with retarders should be installed after applying the latter over the entire area to be faced in one plane when the mastics and solutions with retarders thicken.
3.55. Finishing the site and the entire surface of the interior and facade with facing products of different colors, textures, textures and sizes should be carried out with the selection of the entire pattern of the facing field in accordance with the project.
3.56. Cladding elements when using natural and artificial stone of polished and glossy texture must be dry-matched, adjusting the edges of adjacent slabs selected according to the pattern with fastening according to the project. The seams of the slabs must be filled with mastic after filling the sinuses with a solution and hardening.
3.57. Plates with a polished, dotted, bumpy and grooved structure, as well as with a "rock" type relief, must be installed in mortar; vertical joints should be filled with mortar to a depth of 15 - 20 mm or sealant after the adhesive layer has hardened.
3.58. The cladding seams must be even, of the same width. When facing walls erected by the freezing method, filling the joints of the facing from embedded ceramic slabs must be performed after thawing and hardening of the masonry mortar with loads on the walls of at least 80% of the design.
3.59. Filling the sinuses with a solution must be done after installing a permanent or temporary fastening of the lining field. The mortar should be poured in horizontal layers, leaving a space of 5 cm after pouring the last layer of the mortar to the top of the cladding.
The solution, poured into the sinuses, during technological breaks exceeding 18 hours, should be protected from moisture loss. Before continuing work, the unfilled part of the sinus must be cleaned of dust with compressed air.
3.60. After facing, the surfaces of slabs and products must be immediately cleaned of slugs of mortar and mastic, while: the surfaces of glazed, polished and polished slabs and products are rinsed with hot water, and polished, dotted, bumpy, grooved and "rock" types are treated with 10% - solution of hydrochloric acid and steam using a sandblaster.
3.61. Surfaces from sawing slabs of soft rocks (limestone, tuff, etc.), as well as protruding more than 1.5 mm edges of slabs with polished, ground, grooved and dotted surfaces must be respectively sanded, polished or hacked down to obtain clear contour of slab edges.
3.62. In the production of facing work, the requirements of table 13 must be observed.
Table 13
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Glue layer thickness, mm: from solution - 7 from mastic - 1 |
||
Veneered surface deviations from the vertical (mm per 1 m length), mm: mirrored, polished - no more than 2 polished, point, tuberous, grooved - no more than 3 ceramic, glass-ceramic and other cladding products outdoor - 2 internal - 1.5 deviation of the location of the seams from the vertical and horizontal (mm per 1 m length) in the cladding, mm: mirror, polished - up to 1.5 polished, point, bumpy, grooved - up to 3 rock type textures - up to 3 ceramic, glass-ceramic, other cladding products: outdoor - up to 2 internal - up to 1.5 |
No more than 4 per floor No more than 8 per floor No more than 5 per floor No more than 4 per floor |
The same, at least 5 measurements on a 50-70 m2 surface |
Permissible profile mismatches at the joints of architectural details and seams, mm: mirror, polished - up to 0.5 polished, point, tuberous, grooved - up to 1 textures like "rock" - up to 2 outdoor - up to 4 internal - up to 3 |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements on 70-100 m2 of surface or in a separate area of \u200b\u200ba smaller area in places identified by continuous visual inspection, work log |
|
Irregularities in the plane (when controlled with a two-meter rail), mm: mirror, polished - up to 2 polished, point, tuberous, grooved - up to 4 ceramic, glass-ceramic and other cladding products: outdoor - up to 3 internal - up to 2 |
||
Deviations in the width of the facing seam: mirrored, glossy granite and artificial stone marbles polished, point, bumpy, grooved textures like "rock" ceramic, glass-ceramic and other products (interior and exterior cladding) |
|
INSTALLATION OF SUSPENDED CEILINGS, PANELS AND PLATES WITH FACES IN BUILDING INTERIORS
3.63. The installation of suspended ceilings must be carried out after installation and fastening of all frame elements (in accordance with the project), checking the horizontal plane of its plane and compliance with the marks.
3.64. Installation of slabs, wall panels and suspended ceiling elements should be carried out after marking the surface and starting from the corner of the faced plane. Horizontal joints of sheets (panels) not provided for by the project are not allowed.
3.65. The surface plane lined with panels and slabs must be flat, without sagging at the joints, rigid, without vibration of the panels and sheets and delamination from the surface (when gluing).
3.66. When installing suspended ceilings, panels and slabs with front finishing in the interiors of buildings, the requirements of Table 1 must be observed. fourteen.
Table 14
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Finished cladding: maximum steps between slabs and panels, as well as slats (suspended ceilings) - 2 mm |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements on 50-70 m 2 of the surface or individual areas of a smaller area, identified by continuous visual inspection, work log |
|
Deviation of the plane of the entire field of finishing diagonally, vertically and horizontally (from the design) by 1 m - 1.5 mm |
7 full surface |
|
Deviation of the direction of the joint of wall cladding elements from the vertical (mm per 1 m) - 1 mm |
REQUIREMENTS FOR FINISHED FINISH COATINGS
3.67. Requirements for finished finishing coatings are given in table. 15.
Table 15
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Adhesion strength of a coating made of plaster compounds and sheets of dry gypsum plaster, MPa: internal plastered surfaces - not less than 0.1 external plastered surfaces - 0.4 |
||
Irregularities of the plastered surface should have deviations and irregularities not exceeding those given in table. 9 (for dry gypsum plaster coatings, the indicators must correspond to high-quality plaster) |
||
Plastering from sheets of dry gypsum plaster should not be flimsy, with light tapping with a wooden hammer, cracks should not appear in the joints; sagging at joints is allowed no more than 1 mm |
||
Molded products Horizontal and vertical deviations per 1 m of part length - no more than 1 mm The displacement of the axes of separately located large parts from the specified position should not exceed 10 mm The sealed joints should not be noticeable, and parts of the closed relief should be in the same plane; the pattern (profile) of the embossed products must be clear; on the surface of the parts there should be no cavities, breaks, cracks, mortar flows |
Measuring, at least 5 measurements on 50-70 m 2 of the coating surface or on the area of \u200b\u200bindividual areas identified by continuous visual inspection, acceptance certificate |
|
Acceptance of finishing coatings must be carried out after the water-based paints have dried and a strong film has formed on surfaces painted with anhydrous compounds. Surfaces after drying of aqueous compositions should be uniform, without stripes, stains, smudges, splashes, abrasion (mist coating) of surfaces. Local corrections that stand out against the general background (except for simple coloring) should not be noticeable at a distance of 3 m from the surface |
Technical inspection, acceptance certificate |
|
Surfaces painted with anhydrous paint compounds should have a uniform glossy or matte surface. Translucence of underlying layers of paint, peeling, stains, wrinkles, drips, visible grains of paint, film clots on the surface, traces of a brush and roller, irregularities, prints of dried paint on the attached swab are not allowed |
||
Surfaces painted with varnishes should have glossy coatings, without cracks, visible thickenings, traces of varnish (after drying) on \u200b\u200bthe attached swab |
||
In places where surfaces painted in different colors meet, curved lines, high-quality painting (for other types) in some areas should not exceed, mm: for simple painting - 5 for improved coloring - 2 curvature of panel lines and surface painting when using different colors - 1 (per 1 m of surface) |
Technical inspection, acceptance certificate |
|
When wallpapering the surface, the following must be done: with the overlap edges of the panels facing the light openings, without shadows from them (when gluing with an overlap); from panels of the same color and shades; with precise fit of the pattern at the seams. The deviations of the edges should be no more than 0.5 mm (invisible from a distance of 3 m); air bubbles, stains, gaps, gluing and delamination, and in the places adjacent to the slopes of the openings, distortions, wrinkles, wallpapering skirting boards, platbands, sockets, switches, etc. not allowed |
||
In the production of glass works: after the formation of a solid film on the surface, the putty should not have cracks, lag behind the glass surface and the fold; the cut of the putty at the point of contact with the glass must be even and parallel to the edge of the fold, without protruding fasteners; the outer chamfers of the glazing beads should fit snugly to the outer edge of the folds, not protruding beyond their limits and not forming depressions; glazing beads installed on glass putty must be firmly connected to each other and to the binding fold; on rubber gaskets - the gaskets should be tightly pinched by glass and fit snugly to the surface of the fold, glass and glazing beads, not protrude above the edge of the glazing bead, not have cracks or breaks; when using any fastening devices, rubber profiles should be tightly pressed against the glass and the rebate groove, the fastening devices must correspond to the design ones and tightly stocked in the rebate grooves |
||
Glass blocks installed on the mortar must have even, strictly vertical and horizontal joints of the same width, filled flush with the surfaces of the glass units; the whole structure after installation of a glass unit must be vertical, with tolerances not exceeding 2 mm per 1 m of surface |
10 full height |
Technical inspection, acceptance certificate |
The surface of glass and glass structures must be free of cracks, gouges, holes, no traces of putty, mortar, paint, grease stains, etc. |
||
Surfaces lined with blocks, slabs and tiles of natural and natural stone must meet the following requirements: surfaces must correspond to the specified geometric shapes; deviations should not exceed those given in table. 13; the material for mating and sealing the seams, the dimensions and patterns of the cladding must correspond to the design; surfaces lined with monochromatic artificial materials should have uniformity, with natural stone - uniformity or smooth transition of shades; the space between the wall and the cladding must be completely filled with mortar; horizontal and vertical lining seams should be of the same type, one-row and uniform in width; the surface of the entire cladding must be rigid; chips in the seams are allowed no more than 0.5 mm; cracks, spots, solution drips, efflorescence are not allowed; large-block elements made of natural stone must be installed on concrete; fastening devices (fasteners) for cladding exposed to aggressive environments must be coated with anti-corrosion compounds or made of non-ferrous metal in accordance with the project |
Technical inspection, acceptance certificate |
|
Finishing (cladding) of walls with sheets with a factory finish must meet the following requirements: cracks, air bubbles, scratches, stains, etc. on the surface of sheets and panels. not allowed; the fastening of sheets and panels to the base must be strong, without instability (with light tapping with a wooden hammer, there should be no warping of products, destruction of their edges and displacement of sheets); the seams must be uniform, strictly horizontal and vertical; fastening devices and the distance between them, as well as the material, dimensions and drawing must correspond to the project; deviations from the plane, horizontal and vertical should not exceed the norms given in table. sixteen |
Technical inspection, acceptance certificate |
|
Note. Anti-corrosion coatings of building structures and technological equipment must meet the requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85. |
4. FLOOR ARRANGEMENT
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1. Prior to the commencement of flooring work, measures to stabilize, prevent heaving and artificially consolidate soils, lower groundwater, as well as adjoining expansion joints, channels, pits, gutters, ladders, etc., should be performed in accordance with the project. coatings must be completed prior to installation.
4.2. The subgrade under the floors must be compacted in accordance with SNiP 3.02.01-87 "Earthen structures, foundations and foundations".
Vegetable soil, silt, peat, as well as bulk soils with an admixture of construction debris under the subsoil are not allowed.
4.3. The device of floors is allowed at an air temperature in the room, measured in the cold season near door and window openings at a height of 0.5 m from the floor level, and laid floor elements and materials to be laid - not lower than, ° С:
15 - when installing coatings from polymeric materials; this temperature must be maintained for 24 hours after the end of work;
10 - when constructing floor elements made of xylene and from mixtures that include liquid glass; this temperature must be maintained until the laid material acquires the strength of at least 70% of the design;
5 - when installing floor elements using bituminous mastics and their mixtures, which include cement; this temperature must be maintained until the material acquires strength of at least 50% of the design;
0 - when installing floor elements from soil, gravel, slag, crushed stone and from piece materials without gluing to the underlying layer or on sand.
4.4. Before the installation of floors, in the construction of which products and materials based on wood or its waste, synthetic resins and fibers, xylolite coatings are incorporated, plastering and other work related to the possibility of wetting the coatings must be performed in the room. When installing these floors and in the subsequent period before putting the object into operation, the relative humidity in the room should not exceed 60%. Drafts are not allowed indoors.
4.5. Floors resistant to aggressive environments must be made in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85.
4.6. Work on the construction of asphalt concrete, slag and crushed stone floors should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.06.03-85 (Section 7).
4.7. Requirements for materials and mixtures for special types of floors (heat-resistant, radiation-resistant, non-sparking, etc.) must be specified in the project.
4.8. Subbases, screeds, connecting layers (for ceramic, concrete, mosaic and other tiles) and monolithic coatings on a cement binder should be under a layer of permanently moist water-retaining material for 7-10 days after installation.
4.9. The standard operation of xylolite floors, made of cement or acid-resistant concrete or mortar, as well as from piece materials laid on layers of cement-sand or acid-resistant (on liquid glass) mortar, is allowed after the concrete or mortar has acquired the design compressive strength. Pedestrian traffic on these floors can be allowed not earlier than the acquisition by concrete of monolithic coatings of compressive strength equal to 5 MPa, and by the solution of the interlayer under piece materials - 2.5 MPa.
PREPARATION OF UNDERFLOOR ELEMENTS
4.10. Dedusting of the surface must be performed before applying primers, adhesive layers for roll and tile polymer coatings and mastic compositions for continuous (seamless) floors to the surface.
4.11. The priming of the surface layer should be performed on the entire surface without gaps before applying to the underlying element of building mixtures, mastics, adhesives, etc. (based on bitumen, tar, synthetic resins and aqueous dispersions of polymers) with a composition corresponding to the material of the mixture, mastic or glue.
4.12. Moistening of the surface layer of floor elements made of concrete and cement-sand mortar should be carried out before laying on them building mixtures of cement and gypsum binders. Moistening is carried out until the final absorption of water.
DEVICE OF CONCRETE SUB-LAYERS
4.13. Preparation, transportation and laying of concrete mixtures must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures" (Section 2).
4.14. When performing concrete underlays using the vacuum method, the requirements of table must be observed. sixteen.
Table 16
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Measuring, for every 500 m2 of surface, work log |
||
Concrete mix mobility - 8-12 cm |
||
Vacuum vacuum - pump - 0.07-0.08 MPa |
Not less than 0.06 MPa |
Measuring, at least four times per shift, work log |
Duration of evacuation - 1-1.5 minutes per 1 cm of the underlying layer |
The same for each vacuum section, work log |
STRAP DEVICE
4.15. Monolithic screeds made of concrete, asphalt concrete, cement-sand mortar and prefabricated screeds from fibreboard must be carried out in compliance with the rules for the construction of the same pavement.
4.16. Self-leveling gypsum and porous cement screeds should be laid immediately to the design thickness specified in the project.
4.17. When installing screeds, the requirements of table. 17.
Table 17
Technical requirements |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Screeds, laid along sound-insulating gaskets or backfills, at the points of abutment to walls and partitions and other structures, must be laid with a gap of 20-25 mm across the entire thickness of the screed and filled with the same sound-insulating material: monolithic screeds should be insulated from walls and partitions with strips of waterproofing materials |
Technical, all junction points, work log |
The end surfaces of the laid section of monolithic screeds, after removing the lighthouse or limiting rails, before laying the mixture into the adjacent section of the screed, must be primed (see clause 4.11) or moistened (see clause 4.12), and the working seam smoothed so that it is invisible |
|
Smoothing the surface of monolithic screeds should be performed under coatings on mastics and adhesive layers and under continuous (seamless) polymer coatings before the mixtures set. |
The same, the entire surface of the screeds, work log |
The joints of prefabricated fiberboard screed must be glued along the entire length of the joints with strips of thick paper or adhesive tape 40 - 60 cm wide |
Technical, all joints, work log |
Laying of additional elements between prefabricated screeds on cement and gypsum binders should be done with a gap of 10-15 mm wide, filled with a mixture similar to the screed material. If the width of the gaps between the prefabricated screed slabs and walls or partitions is less than 0.4 m, the mixture should be laid over a continuous sound-insulating layer |
Technical, all clearances, work log |
SOUND INSULATION DEVICE
4.18. Loose soundproofing material (sand, coal slag, etc.) must be free of organic impurities. It is prohibited to use backfills made of dusty materials.
4.19. The gaskets should be installed without adhesion to the floor slabs, and the slabs and mats should be dry or glued on bituminous mastics. Soundproofing pads under the logs should fit along the entire length of the log without breaks. Tape gaskets for prefabricated screeds of size "per room" should be placed in continuous strips along the perimeter of the premises close to the walls and partitions, under the joints of adjacent slabs, and also inside the perimeter - parallel to the larger side of the slab.
4.20. When installing soundproofing, the requirements of table. 18.
Table 18
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Coarseness of bulk sound-insulating material - 0.15-10 mm |
Measuring, at least three measurements for every 50-70 m 2 backfill, work log |
|
Moisture content of bulk backfill material between logs |
No more than 10% |
|
Soundproof spacers width, mm: for lags 100-120; for prefabricated screeds "per room" along the perimeter - 200-220, inside the perimeter - 100-120 |
Measuring, at least three measurements for every 50 - 70 m 2 of the floor surface, work log |
|
The distance between the axes of the strips of sound-insulating gaskets inside the perimeter of prefabricated screeds with the size "per room" is 0.4 m |
The same, at least three measurements on each prefabricated screed plate, work log |
WATERPROOFING DEVICE
4.21. Papered waterproofing using bitumen, tar and mastics based on them should be performed in accordance with Sec. 2, and polymer waterproofing - according to SNiP 3.04.03-85.
4.22. Crushed stone waterproofing with bitumen impregnation should be made in accordance with SNiP 3.06.03-85.
4.23. The surface of the bituminous waterproofing before laying coatings, interlayers or screeds on it, which include cement or liquid glass, should be covered with hot bitumen mastic with dry coarse sand embedded in it in compliance with the parameters of Table. nineteen.
Table 19
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
The temperature of the bitumen mastic during application is 160 (C |
Measuring, for each batch, prepared for applying mastic, work log |
|
Sand temperature - 50 (С |
The same, for each portion of sand before applying it, work log |
|
Bituminous mastic layer thickness - 1.0 |
The same, at least three measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of the waterproofing surface, an act of survey of hidden works |
REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERMEDIATE FLOOR ELEMENTS
4.24. The strength of materials hardening after laying must be at least as designed. Permissible deviations for the construction of intermediate floor elements are given in table. 20.
Table 20
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
The gaps between the control two-meter rail and the tested surface of the floor element should not exceed, mm, for: soil bases - 20 sand, gravel, slag, crushed stone and adobe underlying layers - 15 concrete underlays for gluing waterproofing and for coatings on an interlayer of hot mastic - 5 concrete underlays for other types of coatings - 10 screeds for polyvinyl acetate coverings, from linoleum, roll based on synthetic fibers, parquet and polyvinyl chloride boards - 2 screeds for coverings of other types of slabs, end blocks and bricks, laid on an interlayer of hot mastic, polyvinyl acetate-cement-concrete coatings and under waterproofing - 4 screeds for coverings of other types - 6 |
Measuring, at least five measurements for every 50-70 m2 of floor surface or in one room of a smaller area in places identified by visual inspection, work log |
|
Deviations of the element plane from the horizontal or the specified slope - 0.2 of the corresponding room size |
No more than 50 |
Measuring, at least five measurements evenly for every 50-70 m2 of floor surface in one room of a smaller area, work log |
4.25. Monolithic mosaic coverings and coverings with a hardened surface layer, arranged over concrete underlying layers, should be carried out simultaneously with the latter by embedding into a freshly laid evacuated concrete mix decorative, reinforcing and other bulk materials.
4.26. When installing monolithic coatings, the requirements of table. 21.
Table 21
Technical requirements |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
The maximum size of crushed stone and gravel for concrete coatings and marble chips for mosaic, polyvinyl acetate-cement-concrete, latex-cement concrete coatings should not exceed 15 mm 0.6 thickness of coatings |
Measuring - during the preparation of mixtures, at least three measurements per batch of aggregate, work log |
Marble chips: for mosaic coverings must have a compressive strength of at least 60 MPa polyvinyl acetate-cement-concrete and latex-cement concrete at least 80 MPa |
The same, at least three measurements per batch of aggregate, work log |
Concrete and mosaic mixtures, which do not contain plasticizers, should be used with a cone draft of 2-4 cm, and cement-sand mixtures - with a cone immersion depth of 4-5 cm. The mobility of mixtures should be increased only by the introduction of plasticizers |
The same, one measurement for every 50-70 m2 of coverage, work log |
Cutting monolithic coverings into separate cards is not allowed, except for multi-color coverings, where dividing veins must be installed between individual cards of different colors. The processing of the joints of adjacent sections of a single-color coating should be performed in accordance with clause 4.11 or 4.12 |
|
Hard mixtures must be compacted. Compaction and smoothing of concrete and mortar in places of working joints should be carried out until the joint becomes invisible |
Visual, the entire surface of the monolithic coating, work log |
Grinding of coatings should be carried out when the strength of the coating is reached, at which chipping of the filler is excluded. The thickness of the layer to be removed should ensure complete opening of the texture of the decorative filler. When sanding, the surface to be treated must be covered with a thin layer of water or an aqueous solution of surfactants |
Measuring, at least nine measurements evenly for every 50-70 m 2 of the coating surface, work log |
Surface impregnation of coatings with fluates and sealing compounds, as well as finishing with polyurethane varnishes and epoxy enamels of concrete and cement-sand coatings should be carried out no earlier than 10 days after laying the mixtures at an air temperature in the room not lower than 10 (C. Before impregnation, the coating must be dried and clean thoroughly |
Technical, the entire surface of the coating, work log |
DEVICE OF COVERINGS FROM PLATES (TILES) AND UNIFIED BLOCKS
4.27. Slabs (tiles) of cement-concrete, cement-sand, mosaic-concrete, asphalt concrete, ceramic, stone-cast, cast iron, steel, natural stone and standardized blocks should be laid immediately after the installation of a connecting layer of mortar, concrete and hot mastics. Embedding of plates and blocks into the interlayer should be carried out using vibration; in places inaccessible for vibration heating - manually. Finish laying and embedding the plates and blocks before the mortar starts to set or the mastic hardens.
4.28. The main requirements that must be met when installing coatings from plates and blocks are given in table. 22.
Technical requirements |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
Porous slabs (concrete, cement-sand, mosaic and ceramic) before laying on a layer of cement-sand mortar should be immersed in water or in an aqueous solution of surfactants for 15-20 minutes |
Technical, at least four times per shift, work log |
The width of the joints between tiles and blocks should not exceed 6 mm when inserting tiles and blocks into the interlayer manually and 3 mm when vibrating tiles, unless a different joint width has been established by the project |
Measuring, at least five measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of the surface of the coatings or in one room of a smaller area in places identified by visual inspection, work log |
Mortar or concrete protruding from the seams must be removed from the coating flush with its surface before it hardens, hot mastic - immediately after cooling, cold mastic - immediately after protruding from the seams |
Visual, entire surface of the coating, work log |
The interlayer material must be applied to the back side of slag-glass slabs with a corrugated bottom surface immediately before laying the slabs flush with the protruding corrugation |
Visual, at least four times per shift, work journal |
DEVICE FOR COATINGS FROM WOOD AND PRODUCTS BASED ON IT
4.29. Logs for coverings should be laid across the direction of light from windows, and in rooms with a certain direction of movement of people (for example, in corridors) - perpendicular to the movement. The logs should be joined together close to each other with their ends anywhere in the room with a displacement of the joints in adjacent logs by at least 0.5 m. Between the logs and walls (partitions), a gap of 20-30 mm must be left.
4.30. In floors on ceilings, the surface of the lag should be leveled with a layer of sand with tamping it under soundproofing gaskets or logs along their entire width or length. The logs should touch the soundproofing layer, floor slabs or sand leveling layer with the entire bottom surface, without gaps. Tamping wooden wedges or pads under the logs to align them or supporting the logs on wooden pads is prohibited.
4.31. Under the logs, located on posts in the floors on the ground, wooden gaskets should be laid on two layers of roofing roofing, the edges of which should be released from under the gaskets by 30-40 mm and fastened to them with nails. The lag joints should be located on the posts.
4.32. In the doorways of adjacent rooms, a widened log should be installed, protruding beyond the partition by at least 50 mm on each side.
4.33. Planks, parquet boards, joined together by side edges into a tongue, and parquet boards - with dowels, must be tightly pulled together. Reducing the width of the coating products when joining should be at least 0.5%.
4.34. All planks should be attached to each log with nails 2-2.5 times longer than the thickness of the coating, and parquet boards - with nails 50-60 mm long. Nails should be driven obliquely into the face of the planks and into the base of the bottom cheek of the groove on the edges of parquet boards and parquet boards with embedding of caps. Driving nails into the front surface of parquet boards and parquet boards is prohibited.
4.35. The joints of the ends of the planks of planks, the joints of the ends and side edges with the ends of adjacent parquet boards, as well as the joints of the edges of adjacent parquet boards parallel to the logs should be placed on the logs.
4.36. The joints of the ends of the coating boards should be covered with a board (frieze) 50-60 mm wide, 15 mm thick, embedded flush with the coating surface. The frieze is nailed to the log with nails in two rows with a step (along the log) of 200-250 mm. Docking of the ends without overlapping with a frieze is allowed only in two or three wall boards; the joints should not be opposite doorways and should be located on the same log. When joining parquet boards, as well as parquet boards with sawn edges, a groove should be made on some of them, on others - a ridge corresponding to those on other edges.
4.37. Superhard wood-fiber boards, type-setting and block parquet should be glued to the base with quick-hardening mastics on waterproof binders used in a cold or heated state. Glue mastic should be applied to the base for superhard fibreboard in strips 100-200 mm wide along the perimeter of the boards and in the middle zone with an interval of 300-400 mm. When laying out and cutting wood fiber boards, joining four corners of the boards at one point is not allowed.
4.38. When constructing coatings made of wood and products based on them, the requirements of table must be observed. 23.
Table 23
Technical requirements |
Limit deviations |
Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
All logs, boards (except for the front side), wooden gaskets laid on columns under the logs, as well as wood under the base of fiberboard must be antiseptic |
Visual, all materials, certificate of inspection of hidden works |
|
The moisture content of materials should not exceed for: lag and gaskets covering boards and bases during their laying of inlaid and piece parquet, parquet boards and parquet boards fibreboard covering |
||
The length of the jointed logs should be at least 2 m, the thickness of the logs resting on the entire lower surface on the floor slabs or the soundproof layer is 40 mm, the width is 80-100 mm. The thickness of the logs laid on separate supports (columns in the floors on the ground, floor beams, etc.) should be 40 - 50 mm, width - 100-120 mm |
||
Wooden pads for joists in floors on the ground: width - 100-150 mm, length - 200-250 mm, thickness - at least 25 mm |
||
The distance between the axes of the logs laid on the floor slabs and for floor beams (when laying the coating directly on the beams) should be 0.4-0.5 m.When laying the logs on separate supports (columns in the floors on the ground, floor beams, etc.) ) this distance should be: with a lag thickness of 40 mm 0.8 - 0.9 m with a lag thickness of 50 mm 1.0 - 1.1 m With large operational loads on the floor (more than 500 kg / m 2), the distance between the supports for the logs, between the logs and their thickness should be taken according to the project |
Measuring, at least three measurements for every 50-70 m2 of floor surface, work log |
|
The length of the covering boards joined by the ends must be at least 2 m, and parquet boards - at least 1.2 m |
||
The thickness of the adhesive layer for type-setting and piece parquet and superhard fibreboard should be no more than 1 mm |
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Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
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