Compact house with a basement. Features of designing a one-story house with a basement
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How to prepare a cellar for winter: we do it right).- Disinfected.
- When freezing, the basement needs to be insulated
Tomato storage features
- Storage of green vegetables.
- Ripe fresh tomatoes
- Brown tomatoes
- Canned vegetables.
- Dried tomatoes
- Sun-dried tomatoes
How to store tomatoes in the cellar
- Dried in the sun.
- Stacked for ripening.
- Set on fire.
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How to prepare a cellar for storing vegetables
For the winter content of vegetables, fruits, preservation and other products, it is necessary to prepare the cellar (see How to prepare the cellar for winter: do it right). In this case, at the beginning of autumn:- The room is intensively ventilated.
- Disinfected.
- In a wooden basement, the sprayer is treated with a solution of copper sulfate in a concentration of 5 to 10%, all wooden surfaces.
- In the brick structure of the wall, it is enough to whitewash with a solution of lime, with the addition of 3-5% solution of copper sulfate.
- The cellar is carefully dried with intensive ventilation.
Tip: In the cellar you should anneal the sulfur block. The gas secreted by it is capable of killing all insects and rodents lurking in the cracks. The checker is mounted on a metal substrate, the room is closed. After 24 hours, the cellar must be thoroughly ventilated.
- When freezing, the basement needs to be insulated. To do this, you can use expanded polystyrene glued to the wall.
- With increased humidity in the cellar salt, weighing up to 15 kilograms, or several red bricks laid out in the room, perfectly absorbing moisture, helps to get rid of it.
Tomato storage features
There are several ways that can increase the safety of fresh tomatoes. These include:- Storage of green vegetables. These fruits are more resistant to pests, they are able to lie longer than ripe. Green tomatoes contain folic acid, which promotes ripening. This process occurs quite slowly, which allows tomatoes to remain unspoiled for more than two months. In this case, the room temperature should not be higher than 12 degrees. With reddening of the fetus, it can ripen under the same conditions, but the temperature should be 2-4 degrees higher than for green ones.
- Ripe fresh tomatoes can be placed in the refrigerator, but this is not desirable. They can become more acidic.
Tip: When storing ripe tomatoes in the refrigerator, do not put them in a plastic container, the lack of air and high humidity inside the package will speed up the process of spoiling ripe fruits.
- Brown tomatoes should be located in the coldest place of the refrigerator, they are not afraid of low temperatures, for this there is a special compartment for vegetables.
- Canned vegetables. Wooden barrels are used for pickling, only whole intact tomatoes are placed in them, filled with brine with various additives. You can perform salting in glass jars using the same technology, but the can is closed with a regular plastic lid. Such vegetables are stored for several years.
- Pickled tomatoes require more attentionThey must be sealed tightly with a tin lid. To store them, you need a dark, cool place, and the shelf life should not exceed one year. With a longer time, fermentation processes begin inside the cans, the lid simply breaks.
- Dried tomatoes cannot stay outdoors for a long time. To do this, after drying and cooling, they are placed in a glass container and filled with oil. Such a container is closed with a capron lid or the can is rolled up with a tin lid. Dry tomatoes can also be stored without oil: they are placed in clay dishes or in a paper bag. Containers are placed in the refrigerator, in the cellar, on the loggia or balcony.
- Sun-dried tomatoes immediately need to put in a glass container and pour oil. For storage, you can choose a refrigerator or other cool place. So the mass of fortified products is prepared, it can be used as seasoning or additives to salads and other dishes.
How to store tomatoes in the cellar
In the fall, with the onset of cold weather, on many tomato bushes you can see green fruits. You can try to save them until winter, which will lead to the gradual ripening of fruits. Absolutely healthy tomatoes are suitable for this, without dents or cracks on them, or damage by diseases. Tomatoes can be stored in wooden or cardboard boxes, sprinkled with dry sawdust or small shavings. Wherein:- In one container stack up to five layers.
- Boxes are placed in a cool place, with temperatures up to 15 ° C.
- If necessary, for quick ripening, tomatoes are transferred to a warmer room.
Tip: Green tomatoes that do not have time to ripen should be placed in flat wooden crates and kept on the floor, in a cool and dark room, at plus temperature.Such fruits can remain until the new year, if they are individually wrapped in paper and carefully placed in a box covered with straw or finely torn paper. The peduncle should be at the top. The room temperature is maintained (+ 11 ° C) - (+ 13 ° C) until the tomatoes turn red. There are other ways to store tomatoes. Before laying for ripening, to protect the fruits from blackening, they warm up. For this:
- One kilogram of tomatoes for two minutes is lowered into a bucket of hot water (60 ° C).
- Each fruit is wiped with a soft cloth.
- Dried in the sun.
- Stacked for ripening.
- To accelerate this process, it must be carried out in a warm room (20-25 °. C).
- Vegetables are stacked in small drawers up to three layers, with several red tomatoes.
- With the release of ethylene by ripe fruits, the ripening of green tomatoes is accelerated.
- In a clean, three-liter jar warmed in the sun, washed and dried vegetables of blanche ripeness are placed.
- Two tablespoons of alcohol are poured into the jar.
- Set on fire.
- The can is shaken several times.
- Quickly closes with a sterilized lid.
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- At the bottom of a thoroughly washed can is put grated horseradish, about 200 grams per three-liter jar.
- A circle of cardboard lies on top with holes.
- Tomatoes fit tightly on a circle, the can is closed with a lid and put in the refrigerator. You can also store fresh and cucumbers, brushes of grapes.
Choosing a house project for yourself, you will probably proceed from considerations of rational use of the area and your own financial capabilities. In this case, we advise you to take a closer look at the projects of houses with basement.
Actually, what is a basement? This is a room with a floor mark below the ground level. That is, part of its outer walls are in the soil and rests on the foundation.
It is better to build such a house on a small site with a difficult terrain, when there is no way to build a house on several full floors.
What are the benefits of the basement
- Obviously, this house gives its owners considerable advantages. Given that the cost of implementing a project of a house with a basement will be cheaper than the construction of an elevated floor two-story house, we get the first advantage - saving money on construction.
- In addition, the basement may be larger than the area of \u200b\u200bthe house itself. And this allows you to diversify the architecture of the building. For example, the closure of the basement can serve as the basis for a large veranda or balcony.
- But the main advantage of a house with a base is that it becomes possible to transfer auxiliary premises from the living area to the lower floor. Agree that it is logical to organize a boiler room, water meter unit, and laundry here. Sometimes this floor is used as a recreational area, placing there a gym, billiard room or sauna. There are projects where the basement is used as a place to store tools or products. Some arrange a winery in such a room. But most often the basement is used as a garage with a workshop.
House project with a base: a fly in the ointment in a barrel of honey
- But not on every plot you can build a house with a basement. You need to understand that it is reasonable to erect such a building where groundwater is deep enough. Otherwise, the idea will have to be abandoned, because the waterproofing device will ultimately cost more than building a ground floor.
- It is worth mentioning another minus of the basement, which is difficult to argue with - the lack of natural light. But here it all depends on you: do not like the dark - take care of lighting, want to save money - move around the basement in the twilight with a flashlight. In Dom4M projects, we try to minimize this factor as much as possible, but nevertheless, it is worth considering.
The choice in favor of the project of a house with a basement is obvious
Summarize. Of course, there will be certain expenses for the basement. But, firstly, they are not comparable in comparison with the construction of a full-fledged ground floor. And, secondly, you get a huge gain in the form of additional square meters usable areawhich you can use as you wish.
What was done
Project: the Innsbruck project was adapted to the site and the wishes of the Customer's family, a decision was proposed to move the terrace.
foundation: based on the geology and calculations of the architect, the house was erected on a pile-foundation foundation.
overlappings: basement - monolithic reinforced concrete; Interfloor - reinforced concrete slabs.
box: walls of aerated concrete blocks, masonry on masonry glue. The windows are custom-made, with one-side lamination, installation in place.
roof: metal tile.
Exterior finish: the walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered, the wooden finishing elements are made in place, relying on the TK-visualization, painted. The base is lined with decorative stone.
interior decoration: the decoration was carried out according to the design project, where the combination of decorative plaster with stone and wood was taken as the basis. False beams were mounted on the ceilings.
Optional: a fireplace is installed and finished.
What was done
The same case when our customer and we speak the same language and are inspired by the high-tech eco style! Designer Ilya came to us with already finished project your future home! Our team liked the project - after all, such unusual and stylish solutions are always a professional challenge!
We prepared estimates for Ilya and developed unique design solutions - all this allowed us to implement this project! Frame house made in our proven Canadian technology with 200 mm insulation over the entire circuit! Outside, the house is sheathed with imitation timber. All windows are custom-made and laminated in colors according to the design. Additional accents are placed thanks to professional coloring of imitation of a bar and selection of paints.
What was done
What should we build a house? Indeed, having a team of professionals and knowledge - building a house from scratch is a matter of time! But sometimes the task is more complicated! We have introductory ones - the existing foundation, or buildings on the site, extensions to existing buildings, and much more! For the Matsuev family it was precisely such a difficult task. They had a foundation from an old burned-out house, and a landscaped plot around it! A new house had to be built in a short time on the existing foundation. Dmitry and his family had a desire to build new house in high tech style. After careful measurements, a project was made that took into account the old layout, but had a new modern form with interesting innovations! An entrance group appeared on the house, where you can sit at the table on cozy evenings and a difficult but possible exploited roof in our strip. To implement such a roof, we called on our knowledge and modern construction Materials LVL beams, built-up roofing and much more. Now in the summer on such a roof you can arrange an unusual dinner or watch the stars at night! In the decoration, our architect also emphasized the minimalistic and graphic high-tech style. Smooth plastered walls with painted plank details, individuality added wooden beams at the entrance. Inside the house is decorated with imitation of timber, which is painted in different colors depending on the purpose of the room! Large windows in the kitchen of the living room overlooking the site - created the desired effect of light and airiness of the space! The Matsuev family house - decorated our photo gallery in the section of high-tech suburban architecture, in the style chosen by brave Customers with excellent taste.
What was done
Olga and her family have long dreamed of a country house! A reliable, solid home for living that fits perfectly into their difficult narrow site! With the advent of children, it was decided to make the dream come true, children grow quickly and in their own home in the countryside have many opportunities and fresh air. We, in turn, were pleased to work on an individual project of the house in the classical style of red brick with a bay window! After the first acquaintance with our company in a comfortable office, we invited Olga to look at our existing construction site: to evaluate the order and construction processes, storage of materials on the site, get acquainted with the construction team, and make sure of the quality of work. After visiting the facility, Olga decided to work with us! And we were glad to once again do our favorite work to realize another country dream!
What was done
Project: the San Rafael project was amended and redeveloped according to the wishes of the customer.
floors: basement - concrete floor slabs; floor - concrete slabs
box: walls of expanded clay concrete blocks, masonry for mortar ??? Windows are inserted.
roof: metal tile
Terrace: rough fencing elements are made, flooring is made.
What was done
Dmitry turned to our company with an interesting outline design for calculating the cost. Our experience allows us to perform such calculations on preliminary designs with minimal errors, not more than 2%. Having visited our construction sites and received the cost of construction, Dmitry chose us from our many colleagues in the workshop to complete the project. Our team began to carry out a difficult and expressive suburban project with spacious rooms and a garage, large windows and sophisticated architecture. After the project was completed, Dmitry chose us as a contractor company, and we, in turn, wanted to do further work at the same high level! Since the object is large, Dmitry suggested phased cooperation, namely, with the successful completion of the foundation work, we proceeded to the second part of the project - walls + floors + roofing. The exact construction dates were also important for Dmitry, in order to accelerate the construction processes, the team was strengthened by 2 experienced masons.
The box on the pile-grillage foundation was delivered on time! The result pleased us and the customer. All stages of the work were coordinated and worked out under Dmitry and his individual projectwhat all participants of the process have benefited from!
What was done
Project: The project of our company Inkerman, was changed taking into account the wishes of the Customer’s family, the house was planted on the site, taking into account the existing situation on the site and the terrain
foundation: based on the geology and calculations of the architect, the house was built on a reinforced pile-grill foundation.
floors: wooden on wooden beams, in places of large spans installation of LVL beams. Basement is insulated with 200 mm basalt insulation; floor level with soundproofing 150mm.
box: box: walls of expanded clay concrete blocks, mortar. Windows are inserted.
roof: installation of a metal tile.
Exterior finish: the facade is insulated with 100 mm basalt facade plates, the facades are closed facing brick; color scheme proposed by the architect and agreed with the customer.
What was done
Krutov family decided to build spacious house for the life of the whole family!
From the idea to its implementation, Olga and other family members walked in several stages! The choice of technology, long work on the project, the construction of the foundation, the construction of a house with exterior decoration and then work on interior decoration! Frame technology has been selected as energy-efficient, quick-set and high-tech! Why did the Krutovs choose our company? They liked the quality of work at our construction site and the workers who conducted a detailed tour! We also worked on the estimate for a long time, combining different finishes, comparing their cost. This allowed us to choose the best option from a wide variety decoration materials and complete sets.
The project was created by a girlfriend by an architect, but we had to work out its constructive part. After that, the most reliable and effective foundation was built - USP. Next, work began on the box. A frame house with 200 mm insulation along the entire contour and a unique technology of roof insulation of 300 mm. For outdoor decoration, siding was chosen in an effective combination of colors - coffee and cream. The accents are set thanks to the powerful overhangs of the roof, the interfloor belt and large windows!
What was done
When you decide to become the happy owner of your own home and move to a new home for permanent residence, first of all you think about what the house will be; what to build it from; how much will it cost and most importantly, WHO will deal with all this?
Alexander, came to our company with the desire to move to his own vacation home. He liked the Avignon project and already stood on the site strip foundation. After the initial visit to the site, measurements and a survey of the foundation, we gave our conclusions and recommendations. Strengthen the foundation, change the project and adapt it to the dimensions of the existing foundation! After agreeing on the cost, it was decided to build in the winter. Alexander received a reinforced concrete flooring as a gift, one of the leading construction crews and a house according to the project he liked, which stood on the site with exterior decoration already in the spring! Alexander watched every stage of the construction, regularly visiting the construction site and was pleased with the result, and we are with our work. This is an individually designed Avignon project, implemented in stone technology with external insulation and siding decoration!
What was done
Each house is a separate story of creation and embodiment! Once we built a house for good people and they recommended us to another good person! Rumyantsev Andrey came to our company with the desire to replace the old country house to build a one-story spacious country house with a fireplace for warm family evenings ... It was decided to erect the house from aerated concrete blocks so that the future handsome country man would please the owner for decades! The customer voiced the wishes for finishing - and we, in turn, brought everything to life. Thanks to the detailed visualization of the project, each element of the exterior decoration is a member of a friendly ensemble! Bavarian masonry, as the final stage of the exterior decoration, looks noble and thorough. Without a doubt, such a tandem - aerated concrete and brick can be safely called the best solution in the field of stone housing construction - it is warm, affordable, beautiful, reliable. Modern technologies have stepped forward so much that such unique configurations become available in a short time, because we built this project during the winter months. The main thing is to possess the necessary knowledge and constantly replenish their stock!
What was done
Project: the project was taken as a project of a European company and was adapted to the site and the wishes of the Customer’s family, a terrace and a patio were proposed, taking into account cardinal points on the Customer’s site.
foundation: based on the geology and calculations of the architect, the house was erected on a pile-screed foundation.
overlappings: basement - monolithic reinforced concrete; interfloor - wooden on beams with a sound insulation device of 150 mm.
box: walls of aerated concrete blocks, masonry on masonry glue. The windows are custom-made with one-side lamination, installation in place.
roof: metal tile.
Exterior finish: the walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered. Based on visualization, facade panels under the Tolento stone have been added. The enclosing elements of the terrace, the balcony of the tree, made locally, based on the TK-visualization, painted. Roof overhangs are sewn with soffits in the color of the roof.
Vladimir Murashkin, The owner of the house "individual 8x9m" House parameters: |
What was done
When Customers come to us with bright, modern ideas for their future home, we light up doubly! After all, to work on a new stylish project is always interesting and a challenge, how to implement all bold ideas from a constructive point of view, which materials should be used? Vladimir bought a plot with spectacular views of the banks of the Oka! This view could not be ignored, so a dizzying terrace (51.1 m2) and a large balcony, oriented to beauty, became an indispensable attribute of the future home! Vladimir wanted to rest in nature precisely in wooden house, and to build a house was necessary in a short time and became the ideal solution for such tasks wireframe technology construction! If to differ, then in everything! The house was made even more spectacular by a vertical finish imitating a bar made of long-lasting larch, painted in natural shades with emphasized wood texture. Complement the modern look of the house - windows with lamination! An excellent country house, with highlights and incredibly functional.
One of the most inexpensive ways to enlarge your house without taking up a lot of space on the site and without violating the norms of storeys in a suburban building is to arrange the space under the house and create a basement floor. This approach makes it possible during construction to take out all the auxiliary premises and separate them from living rooms. Since it’s not good for human health to be at levels below zero (that is, buried underground) for more than four hours a day, it is not worth placing a dining room, a living room or, especially, a bedroom in the basement.
Design Features
- It is necessary to think about sufficient ventilation to prevent the air from stagnating and increasing humidity, otherwise there will be a risk of the appearance of fungus on the walls.
- Since sunlight does not penetrate the ground, enhanced artificial lighting will be required, which must be taken into account when calculating the load on the network at the stage of creating the drawings.
- When installing a sauna, showers and bathrooms, you will need to install a special pump for sewage, since natural drainage underground is not possible.
- The height of the basement should be at least 2.2 m, which is the norm for both physical and psychological comfort of residents.
- In areas with wet soils, the cost of waterproofing will be significantly higher than with sandy or rocky soil.
FROM it should be borne in mind that when installing in the basement of the premises where people will be staying, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of 16 to 22 0 C. In pantries or dressing rooms, enough heating to 8 0 C.
Use cases
A garage in the basement is a great opportunity to create convenience for all family members at the same time. This is a comfortable parking, and saving space on the site, and the safety of the rest of the family. There are quite a few projects with such a solution in the catalog:
- original log on a high stone base;
- three-story with a garage for two cars, giving the opportunity to build on a small plot;
- compact modern cottage
- unique, unparalleled
The basement can accommodate home gym and mini-gyms:
- where the "simulator" is adjacent to the sauna and the laundry room, and the technical room separates the cold pantry from them;
- a cottage with a corner terrace where the size of the basement allows you to plan a spacious billiard room next to the sports area;
- aristocratic where a staircase hall separates the gym from a large-scale relaxation room with a home theater.
A fairly reasonable solution is to use the equipment in the basement of the sauna or steam room with a relaxation room, where you can take various wellness treatments at any time of the year. These are projects such as:
- a cottage with a small attic, where on both sides of the shower room there is a steam room and a dry sauna;
- a representative three-story building, whose underground level includes a sports area, a game room, and a corner where you can listen to music or watch a movie, relaxing after a Finnish bath;
- quite economical and compact ”with a large shower and Jacuzzi combined with a steam room in one volume.
In addition, the space underground can be fully economic or assigned to be a workshop. You can fill it with pantries for various purposes, both heated and cold for food storage and home preservation. When choosing a project, focus on the needs of your family, and we will be happy to help you with this.
Find projects on the Internet single storey houses with a basement it is extremely difficult, most often, they have to be ordered. The basement, in other words, the basement is a special room, without which no high-rise building can do.
Another thing is a cottage or private housecalculated on one family. Of course, the extra square meters no one will be disturbed, especially since in the basement, our man habitually stores everything that nature gave him on his six hundredths. They dump potatoes, all kinds of pickles and jams, and indeed everything in a row.
Everything that does not fit in the house is dumped there. Maybe someday old holey galoshes will come in handy, from which you can do so much useful, while it is not clear what and how much, but it is clear that a lot. It is clear that no developer in his right mind and with a solid memory will not spend time and money on a one-story house with a basement, hoping to use it in this way.
Usually, setting out to build a house with a ground floor, a person thinks that on this very floor he will keep his car or, for example, will make a workshop that he always dreamed of and did not reach.
In general, in order to tackle the task of creating a base, you need to clearly understand why you need it. Just like that, and not every potential homeowner is able to take on the ground floor under the house. To decide on this you need, at a minimum, to have free money.
Just dig a pit
There are three types of basement floors: deep, protruding and located at the foundation level. For the construction of a ground floor of a sunken type, the land on which it will be built must be dry. Work begins with digging a pit, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich must be determined in advance.
The depth of the pit should in no case be lower or at groundwater level. In general, the depth of the recessed base should be about one meter above their level.
And he is different in each locality, and is determined by the level of water in the wells during the hot summer season. At the same time of the year, you need to start building the basement in a private house.
Arrangement of a drainage system
The most important element of the house in which this structure is present is the drainage system. The fate of not only the basement, but also the whole house, depends on how it will function. Since the floor is ground floor and is located below ground level, water will be present there by definition.
Drainage system quite simple to do. After the pit is dug, it is completely cleaned of debris, its bottom is leveled and compacted. Somewhere in the corner of the pit, a pit is rummaging. A metal barrel is inserted into it, the edges of which should be flush with the floor of the future basement.
In order to ensure the most even bottom of the pit, it is covered with a layer of fine sand, its thickness should be at least 15 centimeters and not more than 20. After that, the sand is leveled again and waterproofing material is laid on its surface.
A reinforcing mesh is laid on the waterproofing and poured with concrete. At the same time, there should not be any gaps between the edges of the drainage barrel and the floor so that water does not subsequently flow in them. A drain pump is installed in the barrel. The drainage system can be considered finished.
Mounting the basement walls
Now, when water gets into the basement in any way, it will merge into the drainage tank and be pumped out by the pump. In order for the walls of the pit not to crumble, they are reinforced with formwork.
Then the walls of the basement are erected. Usually, they are made of brick or building blocks. A sand-cement mixture is used as a binder solution.
After the basement walls are laid out, it remains to make the upper ceiling. One or more concrete slabs are used as such a ceiling. Their use for this purpose is preferable since they have high strength.
Ventilation
In order for the cellar to be suitable for storing food, reliable ventilation must be arranged in it, otherwise the basement will become a habitat for mold, and there can be no talk of storing food in it. To prevent this from happening, ventilation in a buried basement should be arranged as follows.
Two vertical pipes (supply and exhaust) are installed on both sides of the cellar, opposite each other, they can be either metal or plastic. The task of the supply pipe is to draw air from the outside into the basement, while the exhaust pipe is designed to draw air from the basement floor.
The lower end of the supply pipe is located about twenty centimeters above the floor, while the exhaust pipe, the lower end of which is thirty centimeters from the ceiling, on the opposite side, draws air from the room. The system, consisting of these two pipes, provides constant air circulation in the base.
In general, if the main purpose of your basement is to be a large refrigerator, then your basement can be considered almost ready. It only remains to make shelves so that all your cans with cucumbers and tomatoes, as well as buckets with sauerkraut fit without problems.
Basement garage
Many projects of houses with a basement are created with the aim of placing a garage there. They are considered much more complex structures than a basement adapted for storage. First of all, it should be located at a depth of at least two meters, a width of at least four, and a length of at least six meters.
Of course, all these sizes are taken with a large margin, but if you take into account that in the garage, besides the car, there are a lot of other things, then this margin will not be so great.
Unlike the cellar for food storage, the garage should be a heated room. Moreover, the temperature in it should not differ much from the temperature inside the house, because if such a large room, like a garage, is not heated as it should, then, being directly under the living rooms, it will inevitably cool down the housing. In this case, heating costs will inevitably increase.
If for lighting a food warehouse you need only one light bulb without a lampshade and lampshade, then in the garage you will need full lighting.
If in order to get into the basement, with the food stored in it, it will be enough to use a ladder, then a strong ramp is required to exit the garage.
Other premises
Even more serious costs will be required to adapt the basement to a full living room or, for example, for arranging a bowling or gym in it.
Looking at a photo of a house with a basement, it is easy to notice that the illumination of the rooms is quite intense, at least so much that it fully complies with sanitary standards.
The air temperature in it should not be lower than the temperature in the house. Since the basement is located practically in the ground, maintaining a comfortable microclimate in it will fly into a pretty penny. In general, the basement can be used for the needs of the family, both as a utility room and as the main one.