Frame house German technology. Houses on German and Canadian technology
Frame houses using German technology are distinguished primarily by the use of high-quality materials in the construction process that will serve for a long time. It is for this reason that this construction method is becoming more common. What are the features of the construction of buildings using German technology and how the construction process itself takes place - let's figure it out further.
German frame house
German building technology involves the construction of a frame house. To do this, you need a wooden frame and insulation panels that can withstand any frost.
One of the advantages of using German technology is the fact that it takes several months to build a building. So, for example, to build a house of aerated concrete with an area of \u200b\u200b200 sq. M. and carry out its subsequent finishing, it will take at least 3 months. For the construction of a building erected in accordance with German technology, a month and a half will suffice, since the foundation is being made for 10 days, and the rest of the work is associated with finishing.
Among the positive qualities of construction frame houses, it is necessary to highlight:
- Thermal insulation - ensures good heat retention in the house. For this reason, it is necessary to spend several times less money on heating a building than on heating a brick one.
- Duration of operation - the minimum service life of such a building is 50 years.
- Environmental friendliness - the house is made of materials that are safe for nature. For example, to insulate panels, it is enough to use ordinary wood shavings.
- Aesthetics - such a house is suitable for minimalists, since it does not contain unnecessary elements.
- Easy and simple to operate - all the premises are thought out down to the details, the building is convenient to use at any time of the year.
If we talk about the cost of constructing a building using German technology, in this case, about 38 thousand euros will be needed to carry out work on the arrangement of a house with an area of \u200b\u200b60 square meters. This factor is influenced by the construction technology, which is of 2 types:
- frame;
- aerated concrete.
In addition, facing materials vary in cost, their choice depends on the wishes of the owners and the characteristics of the building.
Characteristics of the German frame house
When erecting low-rise buildings, several methods of building frame houses are taken into account. The most popular methods of erecting frame buildings are Finnish and German, the main differences of which are in the type of materials used, the method of erecting the frame structure and the quality of the work done.
For the construction of the frame, which is considered the main supporting structure of the building, rods made of wood or metal are used. It is because of them that the system turns out to be strong and reliable.
For the construction of a German frame building, a solid glued beam is used, from which the frame is made. In the production of such a bar, specialized pre-dried pine needles are used. Only conifers are less exposed to rotting and drying out, since they contain a large amount of resin.
Building frame construction technology
Frame house according to German technology - construction technology
The most popular type of frame construction is considered to be pre-strapped walls, installation of load-bearing racks, beams and struts. In addition, additional components are installed - racks and supports, between which openings are made for doors and windows.
To fill the interframe space, insulation is used, the main property of which is not susceptibility to decay and deformation. For this reason, the most the best view insulation is considered to be basalt stone wool or polystyrene foam plates.
After that, the frame is upholstered from 2 sides with oriented strand boards. For their production, pressed wood chips, resins and an antifungal agent are used. Option of upholstery with cement-bonded particle boards. The inner part of the structure is protected by the use of a water and vapor barrier membrane that allows moisture and steam to pass only outward, as a result, without exception, all wooden structural elements do not get wet.
Finishing work that follows includes plasterboard wall cladding, and an additional waterproofing layer will be required to handle high humidity rooms.
This construction method is the best option when constructing buildings in a short time. With its help, they build not only low-rise buildings, but also office, warehouse and industrial buildings. For their construction, materials are used that are more durable than when building a residential building.Let's look at the main advantages of the construction technology of frame-type buildings in comparison with other construction methods:
- Small wall widths that can provide a high degree of thermal insulation. The thermal insulating material used in the construction of walls has a very low thermal conductivity in comparison with brickwork or a concrete slab. For this reason, for example, when using stone wool, it is enough to install a layer 15 cm thick. In this case, the thickness of the entire wall will be 25cm. This is enough to keep warm and comfortable even in severe frosts.
- High bearing capacity of the walls and low weight of the structure itself. It is thanks to these qualities that you do not need to make a very powerful and expensive foundation for building a house. Thus, it turns out to save money on its installation. Due to the significant bearing capacity of the walls, a large selection opens up in roofing, since almost any materials can be used.
- The ability to build a building of any shape and configuration. This construction technique can bring to life all sorts of ideas of architects, designers and building owners. In addition, there is the possibility of arranging additional outbuildings located close to the building.
- Building construction speed is high. Exercising absolutely everyone construction works takes no more than 2 months. The buildings, built according to German technology, are based on SKD panels, they are prepared in advance by the manufacturing plant, and all that remains is to combine them on site by 4-5 workers. Without exception, all the elements made at the factory are of high quality, for this reason there is almost no risk of making mistakes in the process of connecting the elements.
- All year round construction work is possible. Buildings can be erected both in summer and winter.
The construction of frame-panel houses according to German technology involves the creation of fireproof structures belonging to the 4th category of fire resistance.
Construction of houses using Canadian technology involves the construction of a building from pre-prepared structural elements. Frame elements and wall panels are manufactured in production areas and transported to the construction site, where they are finally assembled on a pre-erected foundation. Pre-introduced through the foundation engineering Communication and perform its waterproofing.
After the final installation of wall structures, roofing and floors, pipes and electrical wiring are installed around the house, windows and doors are installed, and interior decoration is performed. The BAKO company builds turnkey frame houses using Canadian technology from elements of its own production according to standard and individual projects. Ready houses they look attractive and are distinguished by their comfort thanks to high-quality finishing and thought-out life support systems.
Advantages of frame technologies
- Construction costs 25-30% less than the implementation of a similar project made of bricks, foam concrete or wooden beams;
- It is twice as fast to build such a turnkey house;
- Thermal circuit frame house retains heat better and helps to save money on heating;
- Due to the low thermal conductivity in summer, the walls and roof are less heated under the sun's rays and keep the inside cool;
- You can build a frame house not only in summer, but also in winter;
- The main material for construction is wood, an environmentally friendly and renewable resource;
- The houses are designed for operation in the conditions of the Russian climate, they are not afraid of high air humidity and seasonal temperature changes;
- Frame houses are built in countries with different climates; they protect equally well from frost -45C and heat + 45C;
- In Japan, due to the increased seismic hazard, about 90% of buildings are built using frame technologies, because they are better able to withstand earthquakes.
Design features and stages of construction
Before starting construction, it is necessary to study soil samples, and determine the level of standing groundwater at the site. After receiving data geological surveys in the area of \u200b\u200bconstruction begin excavation work.
Frame houses are relatively lightweight, do not require a massive foundation and are mainly designed without a basement. Built on pile-tape or monolithic strip foundations shallow laying. Simultaneously with the concreting of the foundation, we carry out the input and laying of utilities in the underground of the house.
At the company's production sites, we manufacture a double frame and deliver it to the construction site. On top foundation tape we lay 2-3 layers of waterproofing and proceed with the installation of the frame. When the external walls and ceilings are installed, we mount the beams, rafters and roofing.
We begin to create a thermal circuit - we insulate the walls and ceilings, we make a vapor barrier and sheathe it with wooden contours, to which the internal wall and ceiling panels are attached. In each project, engineering systems are thought out and planned to the smallest detail, the structures are made taking into account their device.
After assembling the frame, we lay pipes for water supply, sewerage, heating and ventilation. We install radiators, heating boilers, boilers and an electrical panel, we lay electric wires and cables, we do grounding. We install sockets, switches and lamps in accordance with the household appliances connection plan.
At the final stage, we carry out interior decoration - preparation of walls for painting, tiling or wallpapering, and fine decorative finishing. We sheathe the facade with wood or siding, revet it with bricks or artificial stone.
Before handing over the object to the customer, we install decorative elements, additional equipment, arrange a blind area around the perimeter of the foundation, steps of the porch, fencing of stairs, balconies and open terraces. The house is being commissioned completely ready for living.
German technology for building houses
A distinctive feature of German technology is the production of house structures completely ready for fine interior finishing in the factory. Window openings have already been made on the walls of the house, and external and internal wall panels are fixed, between which there is a heater. The prepared elements of the house are quickly assembled together, utilities are connected and the finishing is completed.
This is how the German technology for building houses differs from the Canadian one, in which only individual elements of the frame and panels for the outer and inner walls are prepared at the plant. European technology assumes a more careful choice of building materials already at the design stage and high precision in the manufacture of large structures. During installation, construction equipment with a higher carrying capacity is required than with construction using Canadian technology.
Frame houses from the BAKO company
The BAKO company independently manufactures structures for the construction of houses using turnkey Canadian technology. You can familiarize yourself with the standard projects presented in our catalog, in any of them it is possible to make changes to your requirements.
We care about the health of our customers and do not use formaldehyde-releasing materials inside the house. For insulation, we use soft KNAUF insulation, which does not contain adhesives. It is recommended for use in childcare facilities. We produce interior wall panels from pressed wood chips, joined with cement mortar.
We treat the wood used in construction with antiseptic impregnations and primers to extend their service life. We provide a 10-year warranty for frame structures, and within a year we eliminate any problems that sometimes arise due to the settlement of the building. All materials used have been certified in Russia, they are provided with a manufacturer's warranty.
In many countries, there are special technologies for the construction of residential private houses that have been used for centuries. Basically, the traditions were formed based on the climatic conditions and the capabilities of the area where the construction was carried out, that is, taking into account what material it was rich in. True, in our time everything is already somewhat different - for the construction of buildings the most diverse materials are available everywhere, and the task, therefore, has become simplified. However, the basic technological principles are largely preserved.
Recently, many questions from the owners of building plots have caused a special direction - building a house using German technology. It should be noted right away that this image is largely, so to speak, collective. Most often, this approach involves erecting walls quickly at the lowest cost and with maximum energy efficiency in the building. Therefore, it is becoming more and more popular in some Russian regions, with similar to European climatic conditions.
In fact, there are several technologies that are classified with one degree or another as "German". Let's look at them first briefly, and then we will analyze one in more detail.
Benefits of German building technologies
The main advantage of technologies, which are commonly called German, is that construction is very fast. Literally during the summer period, the house can be erected and commissioned on a turnkey basis. For example, a house made of high-quality aerated concrete blocks with an area of \u200b\u200b180 ÷ 200 m² can be easily erected in one and a half ÷ two months.
In addition, there are other "pluses" of using special technological methods, which include the following.
- The house design can be adapted to any reasonable climatic conditions. That is, if a house is being built in a region with cold winters, then it will be enough to produce more reliable floors, floors and roofs.
- Considering that in Germany it is traditional to have a very careful, economical attitude to energy resources that provide comfortable living, houses built using one of the German technologies become very energy efficient in themselves.
- The period of trouble-free operation, of course, with proper maintenance, is at least 50 years.
- All of Europe is especially demanding about the environmental safety of the home. And therefore, houses are built from non-toxic materials that are harmless to humans and the environment, which is one of the most important advantages.
- Ease of construction and operation. As a rule, the projects of such houses are freed from unnecessary elements, and the arrangement of the premises is thought out so that their use is as comfortable as possible.
- It should be noted the aesthetic appearance of the facade of the building. And after the completion of construction, if desired, it can be "complicated" with additional decorative elements.
The main types of "German" houses and their general characteristics
In Germany, the construction of houses from various materials is widely practiced - these can be insulated frame structures, buildings from sandwich panels, slabs or blocks.
- Perhaps the most affordable option for building a house is. By the way, it is widely used not only in Germany, but also in Finland and other Scandinavian countries, which are similar in their climatic conditions to the cold Russian regions.
In such a construction, the frame of the walls is formed from laminated veneer lumber. Insulation material is laid between the frame elements, which is then sheathed with boards, plywood, OSB or other modern sheet or piece materials on both sides.
Mineral wool is most often used as a heater in frame structures, preferably on a basalt basis. But other thermal insulating material can also be used that is not subject to deformation and decay. Glued laminated timber, which forms the skeleton of the walls, is manufactured using a special technology that takes into account the area of \u200b\u200bits application, which makes the base more durable and reliable.
How is a frame house built?
If you follow all the technological requirements for the construction of such housing, do not allow ill-considered simplifications, then it will serve a lot and will be very comfortable. Detailed information about it is stated in a special publication of our portal.
- Another popular option for building houses in Germany is using sandwich panels (SIP panels) for wall construction.
The panels are produced in different sizes and can be used for insulation of already erected walls, in frame construction, or as an independent self-supporting material. For the construction of walls, special panels are used, which are a block frame, insulated with expanded polystyrene, which is sheathed on both sides with OSB (approximate particle board).
SIP panel prices
SIP panels
The insulation embedded in the panel can have different thicknesses - this parameter is selected depending on the region in which the house will be built, based on the heat engineering calculations carried out.
Houses built from SIP panels are assembled using SKD technology. Building elements, as a rule, are manufactured in the factory at 90% of their availability. And at the construction site, all that remains is to assemble them into a single structure. The production of panels is immediately carried out according to the exact dimensions, according to the developed project, therefore it is not difficult to assemble them on site.
The complexity of assembling a house from panels lies only in the fact that when installing them, you cannot do without special lifting equipment. However, if we compare the long-term work of a team of builders, which will also cost a lot, then the cost of renting equipment will seem quite inexpensive.
The advantages of frame and panel structures include the following factors:
- The lightness of the structure allows it to be installed on a shallow or pile foundation.
- Due to the low thermal conductivity of the insulation, the walls, even having seemingly small thickness, will provide a good level of thermal insulation of the premises;
- Provides the ability to use the in-wall space to accommodate certain engineering communications.
- The fairly high bearing capacity of the walls allows you to choose any of your favorite roofing materials.
- There is a high degree of seismic stability and low susceptibility to seasonal ground movement.
- The non-shrinking design makes it possible to start finishing works on the facade and internal surfaces without additional waiting.
- This technology opens up wide opportunities for the implementation of any, even the most complex projects.
- There remains an opportunity to equip capital extensions in the future, which is rather difficult to do if the house is built of brick and has a deep foundation.
- It is possible to build a house almost at any time of the year, provided that it is protected from high humidity and precipitation.
- The ecological cleanliness of the building being created is important - in Germany all building materials have a special certification certifying their quality.
- When building a frame house, you can completely do without the involvement of specialized equipment.
- The quite affordable total cost of construction is due to all the factors listed above.
- However, still the more popular material for the construction of a low-rise house is blocks made using different technologies and on different bases. Building blocks are gas silicate (foam concrete or aerated concrete) and ceramic. Here on the house made of ceramic blocks our attention will be concentrated in the future.
Construction of a residential building from ceramic blocks
Recently, ceramic blocks have been increasingly used in low-rise construction, which have excellent characteristics for building houses in regions with cold climates. These piece products are quite large, which makes the construction process quicker and easier, as opposed to using bricks made from the same material. In addition, ceramic blocks have a lower thermal conductivity due to the large number of internal voids separated by partitions.
Manufacturing of ceramic blocks
Let's take a closer look at what a ceramic wall block is. Sometimes this type of material is also called porous warm ceramic or large-format stone. It is a more high-tech analogue of hollow brick, similar to the latter in terms of raw materials, however, surpassing it in operational parameters, as well as in linear dimensions - at least twice.
Prices for ceramic blocks
ceramic blocks
"Warm ceramics" - special wall blocks that are very convenient in laying and have high thermal insulation qualities for this type of material
The ceramic block on both sides along its length has a comb-groove joint, which minimizes the number of through joints in the masonry, which significantly reduces the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the walls. Thanks to this, houses built from ceramic blocks, in contrast to brick buildings, are much warmer.
The production of this building material is almost impossible in artisanal conditions. Therefore, the chances of running into a cheap fake is probably an Internet, that is, the consumer can be sure of the quality of the building material, since the process takes place in accordance with technological requirements and under strict control. Ceramic blocks are made on special equipment and are absolutely environmentally friendly material, since only natural raw materials are used in production.
The manufacturing process consists of several stages:
- The specially selected refined clay is thoroughly mixed until smooth.
- Then porizers are added to the mass, which are used as sawdust, chopped straw, husks from rice and seeds, crushed peat or other similar organic waste, after which the mass is well mixed again.
- Further, the mass by extrusion technology is molded into the specified geometric dimensions and cut into blocks.
- The next step is to dry the molded products from excess moisture.
- The final of the manufacturing process is the firing of dried blocks at temperatures determined by technology. During such firing, the porousizers burn out, leaving in their place the smallest voids-pores, which even more significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the material.
Linear parameters and technical and operational characteristics of ceramic blocks
Ceramic blocks from different manufacturers differ in their linear parameters, on which, of course, some technical and operational characteristics of products depend. As an example, we can consider the characteristics of Porotherm ceramic blocks of the Austrian company Wienerberger:
Name of characteristics | "Porotherm 38" | "Porotherm 44" | "Porotherm 50" |
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Length, width, height, mm | 380 × 248 × 238 | 440 × 248 × 238 | 500 × 248 × 238 |
Weight, kg | 17 | 19 | 21 |
Compressive strength, MPa | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Thermal conductivity, W / (m × K) | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
Frost resistance, cycle | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Moisture absorption,% | 11 ÷ 14 | 11 ÷ 13 | 11 ÷ 13 |
In total, 14 different standard sizes of blocks are produced. In addition, products can differ in the number and size of voids in their inner part, as well as in the geometry of the tongue-and-groove locks.
Like ordinary bricks, ceramic blocks can be divided into front and ordinary. Privates are used to build external walls or internal partitions, which will later be lined with decorative material or plastered. Front blocks are intended for the construction of external walls for joining. They are often used to create multi-layer insulated masonry, similar to the one shown in the illustration above.
Positive and negative qualities of ceramic blocks
Naturally, like any building material, ceramic blocks have their own advantages and disadvantages. And you need to know about them in advance when choosing such material for building a house.
TO advantages ceramic blocks compared to many other building materials , the following points can be attributed:
- Low thermal conductivity of products. The voids inside the block, as well as the porosity of the material itself, contribute to excellent heat retention inside the house.
- The large dimensions of the blocks allow you to build the walls of the house as soon as possible. In addition to size, the block lock contributes to the convenience of masonry.
- Saving masonry mortar. Blocks are stacked on thin enough a layer of mortar, and on their sides of the blocks, the solution is applied only to the grooves of the lock or not applied at all.
- The ecological purity of products is also important, since they are not only made from environmentally friendly raw materials. In addition, they are "breathable" material, on the surface and inside of which there is no favorable environment for the formation of mold colonies.
- Relatively light weight products also helps to speed up masonry work, and also reduces the load on the foundation of the structure being erected.
- Low moisture absorption makes the material resistant to external natural influences.
- Walls with a large number of voids create a high level of sound insulation of premises from external noise.
- Ceramic blocks are non-flammable materials and belong to the “NG” flammability group.
TO negative aspects associated with the choice of this material, include the following:
- The complexity of cutting ceramic blocks. In order to cut them, you will need an electric saw, with which you need to be able to work.
- The high cost of ceramic products, frightening off many consumers.
- For the construction of walls, it is better to invite a specialist who has previously worked with this material, since there are some nuances that are taken into account when carrying out work.
- To complete the masonry, a special solution will be required, which will also require additional expenses... True, as already mentioned, it is spent very economically.
- There are considerable difficulties in transportation and unloading. These operations must be performed very carefully, since the ceramics that have been fired are fragile enough material. Products may crack or even crack completely if accidentally hit hard.
Illustration | Brief description of the stages of construction work |
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Further, strips of waterproofing material are laid on the finished concrete belt, and on top of them a board 50 mm thick is laid and fixed (this is in the example shown, but in general it is desirable to make the Mauerlat thicker). This frame will become a Mauerlat for securing the elements of the rafter system. |
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On the Mauerlat, along the pre-made marking lines, special perforated corners are fixed, which will facilitate the fixation of the rafter legs, and also give strength to the fastening. | |
Then, starting from the middle of the building, the formation of the hipped rafter system begins. The work process takes place quite quickly, since the system is assembled from ready-made elements, that is, the assembled trusses are raised to a height. It remains only to fix them to the Mauerlat, and then fasten them together. (It is clear that this is a special case, shown as an example. And so the rafter system can be completely different). |
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The trusses are attached to the rafters already connected to the floor beam and reinforced with metal perforated plates. | |
Then, the rafter legs are attached to the rafter legs, already equipped with racks and attached to the corresponding sections of the floor beams. Thus, a rigid triangular structure is installed, so installation is quite simple. |
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On the Mauerlat, all parts of the rafter system are fixed on the corners previously screwed to it. Since the finished parts are easy to fix, one person may well carry out the work. |
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The assembled rafter system is framed by a wind board, which is attached to the end sides of the rafters and rafters. | |
In the next step, the rafters of the rafter system are covered with a diffuse membrane, which will protect the under-roofing from moisture penetration, but will not retain the internal moisture that can form as a result of indoor fumes. That is, the coating is waterproofing from the outside and vapor-permeable from the inside of the building. |
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Further, on top of the waterproofing sheet, first, counter-lattice slats are mounted along the rafters, which will finally fix the sheet and set the required ventilation gap. On top of these slats, perpendicular to them, a lathing made of timber is mounted for laying ceramic tiles. The installation step of the timber is calculated depending on the linear dimensions of the tiles. |
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At the same stage, the waterproofing of the valleys, which are located on the sides of the protruding roof section, is reinforced. In addition, when arranging the lathing, it is necessary to arrange the adjoining of the waterproofing and framing with additional bars of the ventilation pipe. |
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Further, the valleys are closed with metal gutters, which are fixed at the edges on the lathing and covered with the edges of the tile covering. | |
At the joints of the slopes, special metal supporting elements are fixed on the elements of the crate, on which they are laid and fixed by an additional beam. The beam will serve as the basis for laying the ridge tiles. Further, the beam is covered with a waterproofing material along its entire length, which must go under the ordinary roof tiles of the slopes. |
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After the joints of the slopes are prepared, the roofing material rises upward and evenly spreads over the roof surface. This method is convenient for installation work, which will take place much faster, since all the material will be at hand. | |
The tiles are laid starting from the cornice, each of the upper rows is overlapped on the lower one. The shingles are fixed to the battens only at the top. |
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The tiles used in this case are fastened together with the help of special metal locks. Simultaneously with the privates, the ridge elements of the roofing are also mounted. |
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After covering the roof, a ventilation pipe is raised to the required level with the help of ceramic blocks of a certain shape. | |
Then the pipe is sheathed with plates imitating tiles, and a decorative protective cap is installed on top of it. | |
From the side of the rooms of the second floor, a vapor barrier membrane is stretched and fixed to the floor beams of the rafter system, and then the ceiling is hemmed with a board or plasterboard. From the side of the attic, on the prepared base, between the floor beams, insulation material is laid. In this case, mineral basalt wool is used in this capacity. |
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Further, along the eaves, a drainage system is fixed. First, brackets are fixed in the wind board, on which gutters are installed at an angle towards the downpipe. |
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The next step is the filing of soffits, the panels of which are attached to the overhangs formed by the protruding elements of the rafter system. | |
When all the main external work is completed, they move on to carrying out internal communications - electrical wiring, heating, water supply, etc. To pass pipes and cables through walls, holes are drilled in them using a perforator and a crown nozzle. For future sockets and switches, sockets are cut out to which the corresponding cables are connected. |
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Windows and doors are installed in the openings. | |
Plastering the walls or plastering them with plasterboard. | |
The installation of the water system "warm floor" is being carried out, the elements of which are laid on the insulation mats. | |
Further, the floors are filled with a leveling screed and rubbed over. | |
The stairs to the second floor are being installed. | |
In parallel with the interior decoration, if there are enough working hands, the external surfaces of the walls are plastered and a decorative facade coating is applied. |
Readers must have noticed that the description of the construction turned out to be rather short, literally just listing the operations to be performed. However, detailed information about each of these processes can be found on the pages of our portal in specialized articles. These are calculations and installation of various types of rafter systems, installation of roofing, installation of a drainage system, communications, facade and interior decoration, arrangement of drainage and stormwater systems around the house, creation of a system of "warm floors" and much, much more.
Prices for "warm floor"
warm floor
And from the above description, the conclusion suggests itself that building a house using this technology will still cost a lot. The material of the roads is already in itself, and besides, many stages of work require the involvement of specialized equipment. However, you have to pay for the speed and quality of work. But it will be possible to move into the finished house immediately after the completion of construction, without waiting for shrinkage.
Concrete mixer prices
concrete mixer
Unfortunately, this technology is not suitable for all areas, therefore, before choosing such a project, it is necessary to conduct soil studies on the site.
And at the end of the publication - another interesting approach to the construction of houses "according to German technology". The proposed video shows the construction of a residential building in a panel way.
Video: Construction of a panel private house in Germany
The construction of a house using German technology is characterized primarily by the use of high quality materials that will serve their owner for many years. It is because of this that this construction technology is becoming more and more popular. We will talk about the process of building houses using German technology further.
Houses on German technology: manufacturing features and advantages
German technology for building a house involves the construction of a frame-type building. To carry out this process, you will need a wooden frame and insulated panels that can easily withstand the most severe climate.
One of the advantages of using German technology is the fact that it takes several months to build a house. So, for example, to build aerated concrete house, with an area of \u200b\u200b200 square meters and its further finishing will take at least three months. For the construction of a building built according to German construction technology, a month and a half is enough. Since ten days are enough for the construction of the foundation, and further work is associated with finishing.
Among the advantages of building houses using German technology, it should be noted:
1. Heat - which consists in carrying out the correct thermal insulation and in keeping heat, especially in winter. Therefore, for heating such a house, you need to spend half the energy resources than heating a stone one.
2. Duration of operation - the minimum service life of such a house to its owner is fifty years.
3. Environmental safety - the house is made of materials that are harmless to the environment. For example, to insulate panels, it is enough to use ordinary wood chips.
4. Aesthetic appeal - such a house is rightfully suitable for minimalists, as it does not contain any unnecessary details.
5. Simplicity and ease of use - all rooms are thought out to the smallest detail, the house is convenient to use at any time of the year.
If we consider the question of the cost of a house built according to German technology, then it will take about 38 thousand euros to complete construction work on arranging a house with an area of \u200b\u200b60 square meters. This factor is influenced by the construction technology, which happens:
- frame;
- aerated concrete type.
Besides, decoration Materials, differ in cost, their choice depends on the preferences of the owners and the characteristics of the premises.
Characteristics of frame houses according to German technology
Low-rise construction involves several technologies for arranging a frame house. They are used in and from various countries and get their names. The most common technologies for the construction of frame houses are Finnish and German. The main difference lies in the type of materials used, the technology of the frame construction and the quality of the work performed.
For the construction of the frame, which is the main supporting structure of the house, wooden or metal rods are used. It is because of them that the design turns out to be durable and reliable.
For the manufacture of a frame house according to German technology, a solid glued wooden beam is used, from which the frame is constructed. For the manufacture of such a bar, special pre-dried and calibrated wood of exclusively coniferous species is used. It is the conifers that are less susceptible to rotting and drying out, since they have a high resin content.
The most common option for the construction of the frame is the preliminary strapping of the walls: from below and from above, installation of stiffeners, beams and struts. In addition, additional elements are installed in the form of racks and crossbars, in the space between which window and door openings are installed.
To fill the interframe space, insulation is used, the main quality of which is non-susceptibility to decay and deformation. Therefore, the best option for insulation is the use of basalt stone wool or polystyrene-based slabs.
Projects of German houses:
Further, the frame is upholstered on both sides with OSB boards. Pressed wood chips, resins and antifungal agent are used for their manufacture. Option of upholstering with cement particle boards. The inside of the structure is protected by the use of a hydro and vapor barrier membrane, which allows steam and moisture to pass only to the outside, thus, all wooden parts of the structure always remain dry.
Subsequent finishing includes plasterboard wall cladding, and for the treatment of rooms with high levels of humidity, another additional waterproofing layer will be required.
It is quite possible to replace wooden structures with a light metal profile. This construction technology is ideal when building houses in the shortest possible time. With its help, they construct not only low-rise residential premises, but also offices, warehouses and industrial premises. For their construction, materials of higher strength are used than for the construction of a residential building.
German houses photos:
We propose to study the advantages of frame technology for building houses:
1. Low wall thickness, providing a high level of thermal insulation.
Insulation, which is used in the process of building walls according to German technology, has a very low thermal conductivity, in comparison with brick or concrete. Therefore, for example, using mineral wool, it is enough to install a layer 15 cm thick. At the same time, the thickness of the entire wall will reach 25 cm. This is quite enough to keep the house warm and comfortable even in a harsh winter. In addition, the cost of heating such a house, in comparison with a brick one, will be five or even eight times less. And in order to hide all the communication elements, the inter-wall space is used, so the appearance of the room will not suffer in any way.
2. High load-bearing capacity of walls and low weight of the building itself. Thanks to these qualities, for the construction of a house, it is not required to equip an overly powerful and expensive foundation. A shallow columnar or strip type of foundation is sufficient. Thus, it is possible to save funds for their arrangement. Due to the high bearing capacity of the walls, there is a huge choice in the decoration of the roof, since almost any materials are used.
3. High level of seismic resistance and immunity to seasonal ground movements. The house that was built using German frame technology withstands earthquakes from 7.5 to 9.2 points.
4. The design is non-shrinking, so there is no need to wait a certain period of time for finishing work.
5. The ability to build a house of any shape and configuration. This construction technology is able to bring to life any ideas of architects, designers and home owners. In addition, there is the possibility of arranging additional outbuildings located next to the house.
6. The speed of building houses is the highest. All construction works are carried out directly at the construction site and this process takes no more than two months. Houses built according to German technology are based on SKD panels, the degree of readiness of which is 91%, since they are pre-prepared by the manufacturer, and all that remains is to connect them on site using a small labor force in the form of four to five people. All elements manufactured at the factory are of high quality, so there is practically no chance of errors in the process of connecting parts.
7. Availability of circular construction work opportunities. Houses built according to German technology are equipped both in the summer and in the winter. Installation work does not depend on the ambient temperature. The main condition is the absence of precipitation and high humidity.
8. Harmlessness to health is ensured by the use of exclusively environmentally friendly materials. In this case, not only the person, but also the environment does not suffer.
9. Low level of labor costs for building a house. During the construction process, there is no need to involve special technical equipment. Houses are installed both in small narrow streets and in spacious areas. In addition, five people are enough to install such a house.
10. The low price for a built house is due to all of the above advantages.
11. High level of durability. Houses made according to German construction technology will serve their owners from fifty to eighty years.
Panel houses using German technology
The service life of a panel house in Germany is about 100 years. This is due to the presence of such qualities of a panel house as:
- use of dry materials and manufacturing of parts in factories;
- sending to the object of finished walls, floor slabs, elements of the rafter system and gables;
- high speed in carrying out installation work.
The wall structure consists of:
- dry planed timber;
- non-combustible basalt insulation;
- internal cladding of cement-bonded particle board;
- vapor barrier film;
- external cladding of DSP.
Cement particle boards are non-flammable, durable, moisture-resistant and frost-resistant fireproof material used for construction, structural or repair work.
For the manufacture of frame structures, pine is used, undergoing strict control, automatic calibration work, sorting in relation to quality and a drying procedure.
The most optimal type of insulation is basalt mineral wool. Since it has good density, it prevents shrinkage. If the house is located in the northern region, then the recommended wall thickness is more than 25 cm.
Construction according to German technology implies the arrangement of fireproof houses, which are classified as the fourth category of fire resistance. Plates of a cement bonded type are classified as flame retardant and non-spreading materials. Mineral wool is completely non-flammable. In addition, in the event of a fire, the house does not emit toxic or poisonous vapors and gases.
Video German houses:
Exterior walls
Exterior wall panels
2) Vapor barrier film.
Partitions
Internal partition panels
Support bar
Internal walls
Interior wall panels
1) Wall cladding - CBPB TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.
4) Wall cladding - CBPB TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.
Interfloor slabs
TAMAK frame-panel structures have a high load-bearing capacity with a small panel thickness. The timber frame, sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards, withstands more than 990 kg / m2 of uniformly distributed load. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates.
Interfloor and attic floor panels
5) CBPB TAMAK 12 mm.
Attic slabs
TAMAK frame-panel structures have excellent thermal protection with a small panel thickness. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates. The energy efficiency of the structures ensures low heat losses and low operating costs.
Interfloor and attic floor panels
1) Subfloor - CBPB TAMAK 20 mm.
2) Wooden load-bearing beams 195 mm high with spans of not more than 4.2 mm, 240 mm high, with spans of more than 4.2 mm to 4.8 mm.
3) Non-combustible insulation "Isolight M50" 100 mm thick (in the attic areas to the full height).
4) Vapor barrier - polyethylene film - for attic areas.
5) CBPB TAMAK 12 mm.
Disassembled roof structure
The structures of the rafter system are made of dry planed lumber, sawn to size according to the developed project, marked according to the installation diagram. Manufacturing of the most complex structures is possible.
Roof structure
1) Metal tiles (not included in the delivery set).
2) Lathing 44x50 mm with a step of 300-340 mm.
3) Clamping plate 44x50 mm.
4) Diffusion film "Ondutis SA115", for cold attics - waterproofing film "Ondutis RV100".
5) Rafters, girders, wooden section by calculation.
Exterior walls
TAMAK frame-panel structures have better thermal protection with a small wall thickness. The timber frame sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards creates a solid structure. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates. The energy efficiency of the structures ensures low operating costs.
Exterior wall panels
1) Internal wall cladding - CBPB TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.
2) Vapor barrier film.
3) Wooden frame made of dry planed timber 144 mm.
4) Non-combustible insulation made of Isolight-Lux mineral wool board (ISOROC) with a density of 60 kg / m3, for the thickness of the frame.
5) External wall cladding - CBPB TAMAK 12 mm.
Partitions
TAMAK frame-panel structures withstand a high weight load with a small wall thickness. The timber frame sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards creates a solid structure. The weight load on the two support points is about 400 kg. Partitions are easy to dismantle without dirt and dust if redevelopment is necessary.
Internal partition panels
1) Wall cladding - CBPB TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.
2) Wooden frame made of dry planed timber 44 mm or 70 mm (according to the project).
3) Non-combustible insulation made of Isolight M50 mineral wool 50 mm thick.
4) Wall cladding - CBPB TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.
Support bar
Antiseptic timber, section 44 * 144 mm, softwood lumber.
Internal walls
TAMAK frame-panel structures can withstand a high weight load with a small wall thickness. The timber frame sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particleboards creates a solid structure. The weight load on the two support points is about 400 kg. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates.
Interior wall panels
1) Wall cladding - CBPB TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.
2) Wooden frame made of dry planed timber 144 mm.
3) Non-combustible insulation made of Isolight M50 mineral wool 100mm thick.
4) Wall cladding - CBPB TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.
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