Restoration of the foundations of an old house. Methods for reconstruction of building foundations
Foundation repair. The reasons for the destruction. Restoration of the foundations of brick and wooden buildings
In any structure, the base is the most important part, since it is this structural element that bears the main load and protects the structure from moisture penetration from the soil. But sometimes, due to the influence of unfavorable factors and due to a long period of operation, it is required to repair the foundation - this work can be done with your own hands only if you know all the basic nuances of the process. In this article, we will consider some options for solving the problem.
Cracks are the first sign of foundation problems
Reasons for the destruction of the foundation
Let's figure out what factors have a negative impact on the design:
Soil subsidence | If a shallow design option is used, then a situation is not excluded in which the soil will sag during freezing and thawing. Often there are cases when the lower part of the base is washed away by groundwater, which leads to deformation of the system and can cause destruction individual sites |
Ejecting the foundation | Such troubles happen exclusively with shallow foundations and occur when the ground freezes and pushes the structure located underground upward. That is why such options are rarely used, especially if winters are cold in your area. |
Frosty heaving | If the base is not very strong, then when freezing, the soil can break through the structure from the side, which will cause cracks and a shift in individual sections relative to the plane of the main system. It should be noted that such situations are most often encountered in old buildings, where the material is already weakened and the surface layer has begun to collapse. |
Tipping the base | This is most often due to the fact that groundwater washes out the soil from the outside or inside and the lateral plane has no support. This is the most dangerous situation, as it can cause the destruction of the entire structure. |
Important!
There may be other causes of problems.
Before proceeding with their elimination, you need to understand the issue in order to exclude the appearance of such troubles later.
Processes in the soil are most often the cause of structural failure
Description of some types of work
We will tell you about the most common situations and how to fix the problem correctly. Much depends on what material the house is built from - brick or wood. It is on this basis that we will divide all the works.
Brick buildings
Repairing the foundation of a brick house begins with checking how quickly the process of destruction or subsidence occurs. To do this, a paper tape is glued to the cracks, which is checked daily, if it breaks within a few days, it means that it is urgent to start strengthening the structure in order to avoid big problems.
The first way to solve the problem is to saturate the soil under the base with cement mortar.
The foundation repair technology in this case is as follows:
- A pit is dug next to the structure at an inclination of 35 degrees to the surface... The depth should be such that the lower part is located near the bed stone or near the cushion of rubble. It is important that you free up space and provide access to the soil, which carries the bulk of the load;
- Next, a pipe with a diameter of 150-200 mm is inserted into the dug hole, through which cementation will be carried out... For work, a liquid cement mortar is prepared, which is poured until the soil is completely saturated (that is, after filling the pipe, the composition will not decrease for at least 2 hours);
Saturation of the soil with cement allows you to make the base under the foundation much more reliable and stop the destruction of the structure
- After 48 hours, the procedure is repeated to ensure the best result... If necessary, such work can be carried out in several areas of the system. Such repair of the strip foundation will be effective in cases where problems have arisen due to the weakening of the soil or its washing out by groundwater;
- After the end of the work, paper is again glued to the cracksif it breaks within two weeks, it means that you will have to use more radical methods of work.
Repair of a burst foundation can also be carried out by drilling the structure itself and strengthening it and the soil with cement mortar
A more radical method is the following option to strengthen the base:
- A trench 20 wide and at least 35 centimeters deep is dug around the entire structure... If the ground is not very hard, then you can strengthen the walls with boards, it is important that the edges do not crumble;
Sometimes when digging a trench, big problems are found in the form of collapsed areas.
- Further, holes are drilled in the surface, the diameter of which should be 10 mm, and the depth is about 5 cm less than the thickness. For work, a perforator with a drill of the appropriate length is used, the tool must be powerful enough, since the work is associated with high loads;
Professionals use support equipment to facilitate work
- Then pieces of reinforcement are hammered into the holes prepared in advance. with a diameter of 12 mm, they should protrude on the surface by about 50-100 mm. The next step is to construct a reinforcing belt on the surface, which can either be welded or fixed with a knitting wire. It is important that the design is reliable, because the strength of the final result depends on it;
When constructing, do not save on materials, it is better to achieve excessive than insufficient reliability
- After that, if necessary, formwork is installed and pouring is performed, for which concrete of the M200 brand is used with a filler of fine or medium crushed stone. It is important to carry out the entire work process in one stage in order to achieve maximum structural strength;
- Such a reinforced concrete ring allows you to distribute the load on the old and new part of the foundation. and eliminate problems with destruction and subsidence.
Important!
With problems on only one side, a similar workflow is performed only there.
This allows you to reduce the complexity of work.
Repair of a columnar foundation is carried out in the same way, with the only difference that you need to make a formwork around each support, and then pour concrete. This allows you to increase the bearing capacity of the elements at times.
Wooden structure
Cases when it is necessary to repair the foundation of an old wooden house are very common. Most often, the foundations are in such a deplorable state that a complete reconstruction is required.
The process is as follows:
- First of all, it is necessary to lighten the structure as much as possible.: remove all furniture from the building. Next, it is necessary to punch holes in the foundation for the location of metal channels, which should be installed in steps of one and a half to two meters, depending on the reliability of the structure and its design features;
If the lower crown has rotted, then it is better to make holes right in it so that the structure rests on strong logs
- When it comes to lifting the structure, there are two main options.... The first is the use of manual jacks, you will need a lot of them, while working you should constantly monitor the uniformity of the process so that the structure does not tilt. The second option involves the use of special equipment, work with it will take a matter of minutes, but you will have to pay specialists who provide such services;
You can lift the house with manual devices, but this will take a lot of effort
- Make sure the structure is stable after lifting. and will not fall on you during work. Next, a trench of the required width and depth is dug, a crushed stone pillow is poured into it and a reinforcing frame made of reinforcement is installed;
- Pouring the foundation is no different from ordinary work of this kind. It is necessary that the structure has stood for at least 3 weeks in order for the concrete to gain strength characteristics. After that, the surface is waterproofed and the box of the house is lowered onto it.
The second option for solving the problem is repairing the foundation with screw piles, this type of work has the following features:
- First of all, you need to raise the house, this is carried out in the same way as described above, so we will not dwell on this process in detail;
- Next, you need to screw in the piles, their number and length are calculated depending on the structural features and the depth of soil freezing. The elements are located on the outside of the old base and can be wrapped either with the help of special equipment or manually;
- After screwing in, the top edge of the elements is aligned, if necessary, the protruding elements are cut to the desired height, it is important to achieve minimal differences;
- Next, you need to weld the frame from the channel and the profiled pipeso that a solid foundation is formed on which the house will subsequently be installed. The size and thickness of the products must be sufficient to withstand loads without compromising reliability;
- Applying a protective anti-corrosion coating - an important part of work on the protection of metal elements, use only high-quality compounds for these works.
A pile structure will cost significantly less than a concrete base
Of course, when apartments are being renovated, there is no foundation as such, but when working in the private sector, you will have to pay close attention to this part of the building.
Output
Naturally, the repair of the foundation of a wooden house can be carried out by analogy with a brick one; it is not at all necessary to raise it. The most important thing is to choose the option for strengthening the structure, in which you will achieve the best result. The video in this review will help you understand the works even better, and if you have questions, ask them in the comments below.
Every foundation, even the highest quality foundation, needs restoration over time. The need to perform this method of restoring a house is evidenced by its uneven shrinkage, destruction or cracking. We will consider how to restore the foundation of a wooden house further.
Reasons to repair the foundation of a wooden house
The need to repair the foundation in a wooden house is most often visible visually. Already at first glance at the house, you can see its distortion, deformation or sagging in a certain area. In this case, the foundation of the building cannot cope with the load imposed on it and needs additional strengthening.
In addition, during operation, many factors affect the foundation, such as high humidity, temperature drops, precipitation, soil swelling. Under their influence, the properties and structure of the foundation itself change, and there is a risk of reducing the duration of the building itself.
Also, another reason for restoring the foundation of a wooden house is a technologically incorrectly made foundation, not adhering to certain rules when arranging the foundation. The use of low-quality cement mortar, non-observance of the moisture or temperature regime of pouring, incorrect calculations - these facts are the main reasons for the destruction of the foundation after the first winter of its operation.
In addition, the foundation of a wooden house needs restoration due to its old age, in the event that a certain period of its operation comes to an end.
In any case, before starting work, you should visually inspect the house for any defects. If the main part of the house gradually sags into the ground, then it is enough to carry out a partial restoration. Those sections of the foundation that have been subject to decay or destruction should be replaced with new ones or reinforced with additional reinforcing elements. Please note that it is unrealistic for one person to cope with such work. Since it may be necessary to have special equipment to raise the building body. Concrete blocks or bricks will help build up an additional section of the foundation.
If the house shows significant traces of its destruction or cracking of the walls, then it will be necessary to perform work aimed at the complete restoration of the foundation of the house. It is preferable to entrust this process to specialists, although it is possible to carry it out independently. The main rule of successful foundation restoration is to determine the cause of its destruction and apply the correct restoration technology.
And in order to determine the method of restoring the foundation, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the types of foundations made for the construction of wooden houses.
Repair of the foundation under a wooden house: types of foundations for a wooden house
1. The foundation is tape.
This foundation option is the most popular, especially when it comes to shallow foundation... The strip foundation is distinguished primarily by its high strength characteristics and excellent rigidity. For its arrangement under the building, under its load-bearing walls and partitions, a continuous trench is dug, its width along its entire length is the same, but the depth is determined by many factors, among which we note:
- the type of soil on which the house is being built;
- the amount of groundwater and the level of their occurrence;
- building weight, number of floors;
- type of roof, wall, floor, etc.
In relation to the depth of soil freezing, the strip foundation is deep and shallow. The first option is based on the fact that the depth of the foundation necessarily exceeds the level at which the soil freezes. The construction of a buried foundation will cost much more than a shallow foundation.
For the construction of a wooden house, the second option is most often used - a shallow strip foundation. It looks like a solid, but T-shaped structure that can withstand moderate loads over a long service life. Thus, the foundation is located at a shallow depth, which means that the force of the heaving of the soil affects it to a small extent. The depth of arrangement of a shallow foundation is 30-80 cm. At the same time, the costs of the amount of reinforcement and concrete solution for filling the trench are significantly reduced.
This foundation is relevant for moisture-saturated and heaving soil... To reduce the depth of soil freezing, part of the soil near the foundation is additionally insulated. A shallow-type strip foundation is an ideal option for a wooden house, as it is able to ensure its high-quality operation for more than a hundred years.
2. The foundation on piles.
The second most popular option is the foundation of the pile-grillage type. This option is relevant if the walls of the house are very light, and the topsoil does not withstand a significant load. For example, if the groundwater is laid at a rather high level, there are influxes on the soil, or sudden changes in temperature in winter.
In this case, it is recommended to install piles to a depth of more than 200 cm. Thus, it is possible to reduce the risk of damage to the foundation in the winter season. Installation of piles is carried out on the corner parts of the building and at the intersection of its load-bearing walls. It is also recommended to install additional piles under sections of heavy or load-bearing walls. The optimal value of the interval between the piles is 150-200 cm. There are several options for making such a foundation - the use of monolithic piles, asbestos or concrete piles with additional reinforcement. The most suitable option for a wooden house is a pile foundation with a permanent formwork. In addition, such a foundation contains beams called grillages. They create a rigid structure that is 100-150mm above the ground. Compared to the strip foundation, the pile option requires significantly less time and material investments for its construction.
Another variety pile foundation - screw piles... They are installed in the event that the site has a certain slope. In order not to waste time on its leveling, a special technique is used with which screw piles are installed.
3. The monolithic option is the most reliable, but the most expensive.
This type of foundation is characterized by a rigid structure in the form of a reinforced concrete slab, which is located under the entire house along its perimeter. Such a foundation is built only if it is impossible to arrange the two previous options. If the soil on the site has poor bearing capacity not only in the upper, but also in the lower layers, then it is necessary to fill in a monolithic foundation.
With the help of such a foundation, it is possible to significantly level the surface both horizontally and vertically. Please note that without fail, the base plate must be reinforced. Otherwise, the duration of operation of such a foundation will be halved.
DIY wooden house foundation repair
To begin with, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the guide for repairing the strip foundation of a wooden house. In order to take any measures, you must first bare the foundation. Dig a trench around the perimeter of the entire building, up to half a meter wide and deep enough to open the lower part of the foundation.
With an uneven subsidence of the house, it is enough to strengthen only those places in which the house subsided. If the above measures did not help, then you will have to restore the foundation completely.
Partial restoration of the strip foundation consists in the removal of its previously crumbled parts. Further, a hole is drilled into the foundation, and reinforcement or anchor connections are installed in it. If you preferred the second option, then after installing the anchors, connect them to the reinforcement using welding. Next, the trench is filled with a liquid concrete composition. It is preferable to carry out the work in sections of 150-200 cm. Install small jumpers between them. Do not rush to fill the entire trench, as the concrete will gradually soak into the damaged areas of the foundation. Each of the poured sections is connected to the previous one with the help of reinforcing rods. Thus, filling the soil with concrete for a while prevents soil subsidence.
Repair of the foundation of a wooden house photo:
If the building subsides evenly, then it is preferable to build a solid belt around the perimeter of the entire foundation, about 25 cm deep, which is reinforced with reinforcement and filled with high-quality concrete mortar.
In this case, at the bottom of the pit settles drainage system in the form of a sandy and crushed stone pillow. Further, the old masonry is subjected to general reinforcement using a solid steel mesh. After the final filling of the trench is completed, the size of the foundation increases and it acquires additional strength. It is imperative to install drips on the basement part.
Repairing the foundation of an old wooden house with an uneven skew in one of the parts is more difficult to perform. To do this, you will need to involve a special technique that will raise the house in the right place. Most often, hydraulic jacks are used to raise the house, under which beams or steel profiles are placed, which perform a supporting function.
It is recommended to remove all kinds of utensils and heavy objects from the house before lifting it. In some cases, windows and doors are even removed in the house. In order not to damage the roof of the building, wall decoration or the floor, the process is carried out very slowly, while the four corners of the house rise at once, approximately 4-5 cm. Further, insurance is placed under the house and the process continues.
The formwork is installed in relation to the hydraulic level. The old foundation masonry is subject to mandatory reinforcement. At the same time, the reinforcement connects the foundation with a new coating. After the completion of the foundation, in some cases, a brick base is laid, although it is possible to return the house directly to reinforced concrete. Please note that the installation of waterproofing between the basement and the house itself is mandatory.
Repair of the foundation of a wooden house price: technology for the restoration of a pile foundation
The repair of a pile-type foundation is carried out in the same cases as the restoration of a strip foundation. The cost of repairing the foundation of a wooden house depends on its individual characteristics, the degree of destruction and many other factors.
If piles are used as the foundation for a wooden house, then in case of cracking, care should be taken to strengthen the pillars. For this, they are processed with a concrete reinforced belt.
In the event that it is impossible to repair them in this way, it will be necessary to raise the structure and lay out new pillars.
If the piles have characteristic signs of skewing, then try to perform work aimed at fully straightening them. At the same time, dig in the pile in the opposite skewed position, try to straighten the pile and fill the hole with concrete mortar, which will help fix the foundation.
If the inner part of the pile has undergone deformation or destruction, it is recommended to completely replace it. An excellent alternative to piles will be asbestos cement pipes with a diameter of about 20 cm.
To establish a pile under the house, you should dig a small groove with a slope in the right direction, run a pipe through it, set it in the right direction and fill it with concrete mortar. Note that the mortar should not only saturate the inside of the pile, but also the sand and gravel pad underneath.
Also, the sand and gravel cushion should be reinforced with external concrete grout. Thus, the lower part of the well will resemble a T-shape. After that, the foundation will acquire additional strength and stability.
Please note that in order for the foundation to serve you as long as possible, you should definitely carry out a number of works aimed at waterproofing and insulating it. Indeed, moisture that gets through microcracks into the inside of the foundation leads to its gradual destruction. The most common way to provide waterproofing is by coating. It is performed using bituminous mastic, liquid glass or special penetrating compounds. After the waterproofing is applied to the surface, thermal insulation works are carried out. The best option is insulation boards based on expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam. The thickness of the material depends on the climatic conditions of the region and on the required thermal insulation effect.
Repair of the foundation of a wooden house video:
Old wooden houses go to new owners in different situations. They can pass into ownership by inheritance, some citizens knowingly acquire cheap accommodation under the dacha. Both those and others subsequently face the same problems. Due to the influence of time or due to lack of maintenance, wooden houses require major repairs. First of all, it is necessary to fix the foundation, insulate the walls, repair the roof, replace windows and doors. And after that, you can move on to internal work. The foundation is the base of any structure, therefore, the restoration of a wooden house most often begins with it. Repair work should be carried out in warm and dry weather.
Common foundation damage.
Depending on the area and epoch of construction, buildings are found different types foundation.
The oldest houses are on ordinary stones, the gaps between which are filled with cement-sand mortar. Over time, numerous cracks appear, which increase annually if the owners did not perform timely maintenance.
Monolithic foundations replaced stone foundations a little later. However, they were made by ancestors without taking into account the depth of soil freezing and without a reinforcing frame. Therefore, often the corners of the house sag, and wide cracks appear at the base.
Any of these foundations can be repaired on their own, spending money on materials and devoting their free time to occupation.
Elimination of cracks and gaps in the foundation
To restore the fortress of the base of the house, you must first think over the next steps to repair the entire structure. It's one thing if you just need a cosmetic update of the exterior (plaster, painting). In this case, you can use a reinforcing mesh and plaster to restore the foundation. But if you plan to insulate the house, decorate the walls with siding or embossed plaster, then you have to increase the thickness of the base. The technology of such a repair looks different.
First, a dig is made under the base of the old foundation. This is necessary to increase the adhesion of the new concrete layer to the old one.
Further, the reinforcement of the cracked foundation sections is carried out. For this, holes are drilled with a perforator into which pieces of reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 mm and a length of 150-200 mm are hammered. They should protrude outward by about 3-5 cm.
The individual steel pins must be tied together with knitting wire.
The next stage of the repair will be the installation of the formwork. The distance between the plank structure and the concrete base is selected taking into account the increase in the width of the walls. The formwork must be securely supported by props from the outside, and wooden partitions are installed inside to fix the width.
The fastest stage of work will be pouring a cement-sand mixture into the formwork. To speed up the preparation of concrete, you will need a concrete mixer, and you will have to work with building mixtures with the help of shovels.
So simple but effective way you can restore 2-3-meter sections of a cracked foundation.
Complete replacement of the concrete base
In the case of a stone foundation, as well as in case of subsidence of corners with complete chipping of large sections of concrete, a complete replacement of the base will have to be performed. This work must be done in stages, using the following scheme.
The first step is to remove stones or a piece of concrete from under one of the corners. For this, a certain layer of earth is selected, the remains of the old foundation are removed. At this stage, you can raise the sagging corner of the log box with a jack.
If the soil is loose, then it is necessary to install the inner formwork and fix it. The length of the section is limited to 2-3 m.
Using steel reinforcement or rods, a reinforcing frame is made. It must extend to the boundaries of the area being restored so that the reinforcing belt can be tied into a single metal structure.
The individual rods are tied together with a knitting wire.
After that, you can proceed with the installation of the external formwork. Internal spacers and external supports are used to fix the wooden structure.
Stones from the old foundation are placed on the bottom of the formwork, and concrete is poured.
It is important to tamp thoroughly concrete mixto eliminate large air pores. It is best to smash old pieces of concrete with a heavy sledgehammer.
After a day, the formwork can be rearranged to another area, where an internal plank wall has been previously installed and a reinforcing frame has been created.
When the entire foundation around the perimeter of the house has been restored, you can start decorating it or repair the walls. Now there is no need to be afraid for the foundation of the house.
Repairing the foundation is a costly and complex undertaking, in order to perform it correctly, you need to know the principle of the device, the causes and signs of the destruction of the foundation. Wooden private house It is very common in our area, which is not surprising, because wood is an affordable material, construction costs are relatively low, and the built house will be environmentally friendly and warm. These are the undoubted advantages of a wooden structure. There are also disadvantages, but they do not appear immediately, but after some time of operation.
Most often, the owners of wooden houses are faced with the fact that the house is “bursting at the seams”. Windows and doors are warped, walls are sagging, cracks appear. All these visual defects are caused by one reason - the destruction of the foundation. To extend the life of the house, it is necessary to timely eliminate this destruction. This will require strengthening or reconstruction of the foundation (restoration), complete (overhaul) or partial (elimination of cracks).
It should be noted that repairing the foundation of an old wooden house is not an easy undertaking, so it is advisable to entrust it to professionals. But, you can do the work yourself. The main thing here is the time factor. The problem should be fixed as soon as it is found.
Reasons for the destruction of the foundation
Before proceeding with a detailed study of how to repair the foundation of a wooden house, you need to figure out what caused its deformation. Two factors can contribute to this:
change in the bearing capacity of the soil. This is due to an increase in the load on the foundation, and therefore on the ground below it. The cause may be improper drainage of rain / melt water or an increase in the water table, which leads to soil erosion. Erection of other buildings next to the house also increases the load on the soil. As a result, the soil, as it were, is squeezed out from under the foundation of the house, which can ultimately lead to subsidence of the house or its distortion.
loss of strength of the material from which the foundation is made. Among the main reasons are the following: the wrong choice of the type of foundation, the effect of water, the wrong grade of concrete that was used during construction, the wrong calculation of the depth of soil freezing, violation of the device technology.
Identifying the cause of foundation failure provides a starting point for research.
Types of deformation of foundations
The second point that needs to be considered is identifying the degree of damage to the foundation. According to the criterion of maintainability, they can be conditionally divided into 4 types.
1. Minimal damage.
These include the partially exfoliated finishing of the foundation of a wooden house. Such defects do not significantly affect the bearing capacity of the foundation. In addition, they are visible to the naked eye and can be removed without too much trouble.
2. Damage of moderate severity.
These include the appearance of cracks in the foundation of the house due to subsidence or destruction of the foundation. In this case, you should be more careful, because crack crack strife. First of all, its direction is determined. As a rule, horizontal cracks in the foundation are the least dangerous, but vertical or zigzag cracks should alert you. It will also be found out whether the subsidence of the foundation is temporary or it is progressive.
The nature of the destruction can be determined using the beacons installed on the crack (see photo).
Plain paper can be used as beacons, but it is worth remembering that when moisture gets in, the paper gets wet and will no longer give a complete picture of the behavior of the crack. Plaster plasters are suitable for use. But the easiest way is to put some putty on the wall and draw a straight line on it with a spatula and make a mark. Such a beacon is good because it breaks at the slightest movement of the surface. The installation of a beacon will allow not only to notice an increase in the crack, but to determine the rate of destruction.
Important. The beacon should be installed on a clean, dry wall to prevent movement. The beacon thickness should not exceed 5 mm.
When the foundation subsides temporarily, the lighthouses will remain motionless. Those. there is a high probability that the soil under the foundation has moved a little, took its place and does not intend to move anymore. Therefore, it is only necessary to carry out routine repair of cracks in the foundation.
Elimination of cracks:
- expand the crack;
- clean it from falling parts and dust;
- treat with a primer;
- seal the seam with a special mixture or cement mortar.
The destruction of the lighthouses indicates that the fault in the foundation or wall is increasing. This means that sealing cracks will not help, it is time to take urgent measures - this type of deformation can be classified as catastrophic.
3. Catastrophic damage.
These are foundation defects that can lead to the destruction of the house. Of course, it is advisable to repair the foundation under wooden house, but there are times when the moment is missed.
Then the technology for carrying out repair work will be determined by the type of foundation. The most popular of which are columnar and tape. In each individual case, each owner decides for himself whether he needs to strengthen the foundation or replace it completely.
4. Fatal deformations.
In this case, the state of the foundation is so deplorable that there is nothing to repair. It is usually easier and cheaper to demolish an old house and build in its place. new cottagethat meets all the requirements of a modern person.
Repairing the strip foundation of a wooden house is somewhat more complicated, so we will dwell on it in more detail.
Strengthening the foundation of a private house - ways to strengthen
The method of strengthening is chosen when the deformations of the foundation are eliminated, and the soil under its cushion is stable. Or if there is a need for an add-on to the house, and the existing foundation cannot cope with the increasing load.
Strengthening strip foundation technology - instruction
- dig a trench around the perimeter of the foundation. Its width should be sufficient for comfortable work and take into account the fact that the thickness of the foundation will increase;
- clean the surface of the foundation from soil;
Council. You can clean the surface well using a metal brush.
- drill holes. Its diameter should exceed the diameter of the reinforcement by 1 mm. This is necessary for a more dense installation of metal rods;
- hammer the fittings into the holes. Thus, the new foundation will be reliably linked to the existing one;
- make a reinforced belt. For this, reinforcement is welded to the installed pieces;
Council. It is advisable to weld the reinforcement in only a few places, and to carry out the main part of the strapping using wire. Such fastening does not require special skills and tools. But if it is present, the reinforcing belt does not deform when the concrete is poured and solidified.
- formwork is installed;
- concrete is poured. After the concrete hardens, the formwork is removed, and reinforced foundation it stands for several more days;
- waterproofing of the new foundation is in progress;
- a blind area is made, which will allow water to be diverted from the foundation.
Strengthening the foundation of a wooden house allows you to redistribute the load of the building over a large area. As a result, the foundation will stop sagging or collapsing.
Complete replacement of the foundation of the house
Often the foundation sags so much that water can flow into the room without hindrance. In this case, you need to figure out how to raise the foundation of a wooden house? Or the old foundation can no longer cope with the load falling on it and then the foundation is reconstructed.
Replacing the foundation under a wooden house - technology
- maximum reduction of constant and variable load on the foundation. For this, everything that can be taken out of the house is taken out, it is even desirable to dismantle the floor and disassemble the stoves. The exception is furnaces on a separately poured foundation. Naturally, tenants are also evicted during the renovation;
- load calculation (house weight). The weight is easy to determine, having at your disposal data on the density of the wood from which the house is built and the total cubic capacity of the wood used. Cubic capacity is calculated based on the dimensions of the house and the thickness of the walls;
Council. A small and lightweight wooden house is lifted by means of wagons. For this, the 80x80 timber is wound up at the corner of the house. Further, the bar rests on the log. By pressing on the timber, you can raise the house like a large lever.
- the choice of a jack for raising the house. Depends on the weight of the structure, the lifting capacity of the jack and their number;
- digging pits (trenches). It breaks out around the entire perimeter of the house or only in those places where the house needs to be raised. Its presence simplifies access to the foundation. In addition, the appearance of water in the pit will make it possible to understand the level of occurrence of groundwater;
- establishment of a jack. To raise the house smoothly, you need to properly install the jack. It is installed only in safe places, without destruction or damage;
- lifting the house. You need to lift the house carefully, slowly, and most importantly evenly;
Council. To insure yourself in case the jack cannot handle the load or is installed unsuccessfully, you need to start wooden wedges between the house and the foundation cushion. It is advisable to wind the wedges every 15-20 mm.
Important: to lay the foundation for a wooden house, you need to raise the entire structure. Considering that the house is wooden, the maximum load will fall on the lower rims. To prevent them from sagging, you need to pull off the bottom crown with a steel hoop or fill the boards.
- dismantling of the old foundation. If the budget is very limited, and the condition of some parts of the foundation is satisfactory, then a partial disassembly can be performed, i.e. remove only the destroyed foundation. However, the cost of work will not decrease significantly from this, but the quality of work may suffer;
Council. You need to dismantle the old foundation to the ground.
- installation of a sand-cement cushion for the future foundation. Despite the fact that the foundation is being laid for the finished house, the pillow is an important component of it;
- installation of concrete or brick supports in the corners of the house. Installation of piles is also possible. They will reduce the load on the foundation in the future. The height of the support is equal to the height of the new foundation;
- reinforcement. After the columns are installed, fittings are installed. The reinforcement belt will give the foundation strength. We remind you that his device of an armored belt for the foundation is carried out using wire, not welding;
- installation of formwork;
- pouring concrete. The foundation must stand for several days to gain strength. After that, the formwork is removed, and the foundation is left open for another 1-2 days;
- waterproofing. To protect the wood of the house from decay, a layer of waterproofing should be laid on the foundation. Roofing material is excellent for these purposes;
- lowering the house. The house descends as slowly as it rose;
- finishing work. This includes complete waterproofing, cladding, drainage and blind area.
It can be seen from the description that replacing the foundation under a wooden house is a rather risky and time-consuming undertaking, for the implementation of which it is advisable to invite specialists.
How the raising of the house is implemented in practice and its moving to a new foundation can be seen at
Using the methods described above, you can repair the strip foundation of a wooden house. But what about those who have a columnar foundation?
Repair of the columnar foundation of a wooden house - technology
- the house rises to the calculated height. The height should be sufficient for carrying out work and at the same time did not contribute to a strong sagging of the lower rim.
- the bent pillars are dismantled. It is worth noting that the dilapidated pillar-support must be removed, and the tilted one is simply leveled.
- soil is selected at the place of installation of new poles. We remind you that the pillars are installed at the corners of the building and at the junction / intersection of the walls.
- a sand-cement pillow is arranged under the post.
- the column is reinforced.
- concrete is poured.
- installation of steel or wooden beams is carried out, which take on all the load from the weight of the house and transfer it to the poles.
- the structure falls.
If you need to replace one or two posts, you can do it as follows. In the place where the post is installed, which must be replaced, a tunnel is made. The tilt angle is 35 °. A pipe is inserted into it and filled with solution. After hardening, the old pillar is removed, and the new one is leveled. The process is shown more clearly in the photo.
It is worth noting that the repair or complete replacement of the pile foundation is much easier and faster than the strip foundation and takes only a few days, after which you can operate the house as usual.
Repair of brick and rubble foundation - replacement for a monolith
In times of total scarcity, i.e. during the construction of the main part of the houses, the foundation was built of bricks (both tape and columnar). Due to its fragility, repairing the brick foundation of a wooden house usually involves replacing brickwork for a more durable material - concrete. This reinforcement technology is applicable for a foundation made of rubble stone. The method was described on the forum "House and Dacha" and judging by the reviews, the technique has shown itself well in practice.
To carry out repair work, you will need
- Concrete mortar
- Armature
- Corner for making supports
- Jacks for lifting a house with a lifting capacity of 20 tons.
Dismantling the old rubble (or brick) foundation masonry Dismantle the old rubble foundation masonry (or brick) in small sections of half a meter.
The freed fragments at the base of the house are needed to install the jack and further transfer the weight of the house to metal supports.
The device of the base plate for the jack In place of the destroyed base, a base plate for the jack is made. The platform must be strong and stable, poured from concrete with mandatory reinforcement.
Hanging the house with jacks Hanging the house with jacks. You need to lift it alternately in all openings.
Transferring the weight of the house to a metal support When the house is hung out, it is necessary to install supports previously welded from the corner onto which we lower the house.
Installation of external formwork and concrete pouring Upon completion of the reinforcement, the external part of the formwork is installed and concrete is poured.
Thus, the foundation under the wooden house is replaced.
After reading this article, you got an idea of \u200b\u200bhow to repair a damaged foundation, how to strengthen the foundation of a wooden house, and in which cases it must be completely replaced. Using this information, you will gain sufficient knowledge to do the work yourself.
Repair of the foundation of a wooden house - strengthening, reconstruction and replacement of the old foundation with your own hands - My Life
Repairing the foundation of a wooden house - strengthening, reconstructing and replacing the old foundation with your own hands Repairing the foundation is a costly and complex undertaking to do it correctly,
The sad topic of repairing the foundation has touched me recently. Moreover, it became necessary to restore the old building, which was built 8 years ago and its appearance was not at all "five". Build the foundation, namely - completely ground floor, was quite expensive, long and unprofitable, and the place for the construction of the house was not bad, so the only correct option was to restore what was.
In fact, we had: cast concrete 3.5 meters underground, forming the basement, rose 0.5 meters above the ground and was leveled with red brick along the perimeter. There were cracks in the concrete, the edges crumbled almost everywhere, the red brick turned into a "mess" after 8 winters in the open air.
All this was supposed to be solved by a major overhaul of the foundation, with the establishment of formwork around the existing elevation of the foundation, processing of holes, cracks and with reinforcement around the entire perimeter, on which the future walls will be based. It was necessary to do it thoroughly and for centuries, since the wall was supposed to be made of shell rock in 40 cm + 15 cm of aerated concrete + 15 cm of foam + plaster. A kind of "thermos", but rather heavy.
Cleaning the base before repairing the foundation of the house
You could boldly pour the reinforced belt on top of all the construction waste and that would be enough, but when you do it for yourself, you want better. It was decided to take a chisel, a small hammer, a scraper and a broom. Overhaul foundation provided for the removal of old brick from above, which thawed and crumbled, cleaning and sealing cracks, deepening in loose areas of the basement and washing it all with water under pressure. As a result, only high-quality, solid concrete should have remained, serving as a support for the new basement.
STEP 1: working with a chisel and hammer... Repair of cracks in the foundation must be deep, so we knock out everything that does not hold well, it is better to remove more than less. All loose concrete that has come under the influence of moisture must be replaced with a high-quality, new one. You can also remove all unnecessary on the surface of the base with a chisel.
STEP 2: cleaning up large debris... With the help of a metal scraper, you can check if there are still weak areas on the surface, if nothing falls off anywhere and a ringing sound from metal conduction is heard everywhere - you can clean further and restore everything.
STEP 3: bathing the work surface... If you have a pressure washer, it’s time to bathe the concrete, it’s hot in summer after all! We remove dust, dirt and everything that is superfluous on it, proceed to the installation of the formwork and reinforcement.
When repairing the foundation with your own hands, you need not be shy and work well with a hammer, it is better to remove the excess than to leave a damaged base, which can sag over time and cause the reinforced belt to crack. In the end, after all, you are building a house for yourself, and not "Uncle Vasya" - you need to do it beautifully. Yes, and "Uncle Vasya" can give it in the neck if he suspects hack!
Reinforcement and installation of formwork for the restoration of the foundation
Now in front of us is a not very even and not very beautiful base, since someone hammered it with a chisel! But durable! Now we need to make a beautiful reinforced belt out of this garbage and align everything as much as possible so as not to adjust the zero strongly for the future masonry. It is better to do everything at once according to the level - there are much less worries in the future, and if an intelligent bricklayer comes across, then additional alignments will not be needed at all. Consider the repair of a brick foundation in more detail in the step-by-step instructions.
STEP 1: we clog fittings everywhere... The belt must be reinforced, so we take a grinder and cut twigs from the 14th reinforcement 30-60 centimeters each. Based on 2 short and 2 long twigs for every 50 linear centimeters around the entire perimeter. We hammer: those that are 30 cm - on the side, which are 60 cm - on top, deepen by half. It is better to use a drill for concrete or a hammer drill for making holes and immediately set the desired mark on the tool's depth gauge. If everything is done correctly, we will get a "hedgehog": the reinforcement will stick out in all directions, on the sides by 15-20 cm, on top by 25-30 cm.
STEP 2: tying reinforcement... We use a special steel wire for knitting (if show-offs are not needed, we fasten everything with aluminum or any other wire), so that everything is according to SNiP. It is easier to work with a homemade crochet crochet, or fasten it by hand (it is better to ask your wife, children or a neighbor to help, since this simple activity can take more than 1 or 2 hours). We take a long reinforcement and knit it around the perimeter to each hammered peg.
Associated reinforcement
Rebar knitting hook
Side reinforcement knitting
Wire for tying reinforcement
STEP 3: placing the formwork... It’s kapets what a boring and uninteresting business, but repairing the foundation of an old house cannot do without it. If the neighbor who helped with the viscous reinforcement hasn't escaped yet, you're in luck. Take an assistant and begin to set up shields from OSB around the perimeter, which needs to be restored. It is easier to fix it with dowels to the concrete on the side, every 25 cm. Between the sheets of OSB we insert wooden bars, the length of which is equal to the required width of the base - so we will make the same value everywhere. Sheets can be fixed directly with bars, screwing several wood screws into the end or pulling them together with wire.
foundation repair formwork
Formwork for foundation restoration
Fixing the foundation formwork
Important: when repairing an old foundation, it is better to use OSB sheets 15 mm thick - the sides will be perfectly flat, 10 mm is not suitable, because even with abundant fastening with dowels and a screed through a block of wood, the plane will "drive" like a drunk after a feast.
STEP 4: check, measure... The strength of the formwork can be determined "per tooth". Gnawing, of course, is not worth it unless absolutely necessary, but it will not hurt to pull the formwork well, check all the fixing points of the bars between OSB sheets, screeds and dowels. Remember that it is better to attach it once more than 1 dowel will come off and all the work will go down the drain, you will not do anything later. If you made the formwork with bricks, make sure that the cement has already set (changed color).
It should be noted right away that repairing the foundation of a house with your own hands is not an easy process and here you cannot be lazy and save time on fixing formwork or installing fittings. If you fill the base crookedly, then it will be extremely difficult to align it and this is an extra cost. You must always use the level, apply it vertically and horizontally to the sheets, check their installation.
The final stage of the restoration of the old foundation
Now we turn to the most interesting process: pouring concrete. Everything seems to be simple here: stand by the concrete mixer, work with a bucket and the process is already underway. But there are several nuances that it would be desirable to know for everyone who does not often deal with the restoration of the old foundation. Some of them are self-explanatory, while others can become very useful advice for beginners and not only. Now we will voice them and try to fully understand all the "pitfalls".
- Before you start repairing the foundation of a brick house, it is advisable to fill the entire area to be treated with water, it will wash off the dust, moisten the surface and significantly increase the adhesion of the two surfaces.
- You need to fill in on a thread that stretches strictly along the level. This will allow you to go to zero and then not level the surface with materials, the density of which will be much lower than high-quality concrete. You can also trim it with a trowel.
- The restoration of the foundation of the house should be carried out only with a high-quality, durable mixture. Use cement grade M 500 with a low slag content, mix 1: 4. Yes, it's a little more expensive, but for centuries and with the guarantee that the work will not go to the ass. A good result can be seen even in the "healthy" color of the hardened cement. Watch your neighbor so that he does not mess with the proportions!
- It is necessary to do all the work in one go, it is highly not recommended to fill it with "layers", and even more so it is impossible to join the masses with a period of several days or weeks. At the junction, the concrete will crack, the solidity is significantly violated, even in the presence of reinforcement. Restoring the foundation should be as sharp as inflation, only then can we talk about quality.
- Initially, for the first pass, it is better to use a liquid mixture so that it replenishes the entire relief and improves the adhesion of materials. You can also use plasticizers (or regular shampoo will work too - cheap and cheerful). Enough 10 grams per 1 concrete mixer. With such a thing, the repair of the foundation of a private house will go much easier and better (it is convenient to pour out, good filling of voids is everywhere, it mixes quickly). And the result will be much smoother:
Cast foundation in formwork
Restored old foundation
The surface of the restored foundation
Foundation repair completed- You cannot perform work at temperatures below +8 degrees, even at night. This significantly impairs the strength of the materials. Similarly, you cannot do this earlier than 1 month before frost.
After filling a certain gap, you need to check with the thread and check everything that is done with the level - this is a guarantee of the absence of problems in the future. Shields from OSB sheets can be removed after 3-5 days, the next day cannot be removed, since the base can be destroyed. It is also not necessary to hold for a very long time - concrete hardens better when ventilated from all sides.
We remove a little formwork after 1 week
Removed formwork after foundation restoration
Completion of the restoration of the foundation
Ready repair foundationNow the repair of the foundation of a brick private house has been completed, it remains to wait 3 weeks and you can begin to actively build walls. We now have +30 degrees outside with a humidity of no more than 40%, so you can do it even earlier - curing according to the norms will be in 12 days with such air humidity and temperature. If the foundation still comes out a little crooked or has led the corner, you need to trim it within 2-3 first days after removing the formwork, until it is very hard.
Now that's all. Successful restorations to all and let your new foundation quickly settle down with walls and a roof!
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