Compact house with a basement. Features of designing a one-story house with a basement
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How to prepare a cellar for winter: doing it right).- Disinfected.
- When freezing, the basement needs to be insulated
Features of storing tomatoes
- Storing green vegetables.
- Ripe fresh tomatoes
- Brown tomatoes
- Canned vegetables.
- Dried Tomatoes
- Sun-dried tomatoes
How to store tomatoes in the cellar
- Dried in the sun.
- Stacked for ripening.
- Are set on fire.
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How to prepare a cellar for storing vegetables
It is necessary to prepare the cellar for the winter keeping of vegetables, fruits, canned food and other products (see How to prepare the cellar for the winter: we do it right). In this case, at the beginning of autumn:- The room is intensively ventilated.
- Disinfected.
- In a wooden basement from a sprayer, they are treated with a solution of copper sulfate in a concentration of 5 to 10%, all wooden surfaces.
- In a brick structure, it is enough to whitewash the walls with a solution of lime, with the addition of a 3-5% solution of copper sulfate.
- The cellar is thoroughly dried with intensive ventilation.
Advice: In the cellar, you should anneal a sulfur checker. The gas emitted by it is capable of killing all insects and rodents lurking in the cracks. The checker is installed on a metal base, the room is closed. After 24 hours, the cellar must be thoroughly ventilated.
- When freezing, the basement needs to be insulated... To do this, you can use expanded polystyrene glued to the wall.
- With increased humidity in the cellar To get rid of it, salt poured into a plastic pallet, weighing up to 15 kilograms, or several red bricks laid out in the room, which perfectly absorb moisture, helps.
Features of storing tomatoes
There are several ways you can improve the freshness of tomatoes. These include:- Storing green vegetables. These fruits are more resistant to pests, they are able to lay for a longer period than ripe ones. Green tomatoes contain folic acid, which helps them ripen. This process is slow enough that the tomatoes remain unspoiled for more than two months. In this case, the room temperature should be no higher than 12 degrees. With reddening of the fruit, it can ripen under the same conditions, but the temperature should be 2-4 degrees higher than for green ones.
- Ripe fresh tomatoes can be refrigerated, but not desirable. They can become more acidic.
Tip: When storing ripe tomatoes in the refrigerator, do not put them in a plastic container, the lack of air and high humidity inside the bag will accelerate the process of spoilage of ripe fruits.
- Brown tomatoes should be located in the coldest place of the refrigerator, they are not afraid of low temperatures, for this there is a special compartment for vegetables.
- Canned vegetables. For pickling, wooden barrels are used, only whole undamaged tomatoes, filled with brine with various additives, are placed in them. Salting can be performed in glass jars using the same technology, but the jar is closed with an ordinary plastic lid. Such vegetables are stored for several years.
- Pickled tomatoes require more attention, they must be sealed with a tin lid. They need a dark, cool place to store them, and the shelf life should not exceed one year. With a longer time, fermentation processes begin inside the cans, the lid will simply break off.
- Dried Tomatoes cannot stay outdoors for a long time. To do this, after drying and cooling, they are placed in glass containers and filled with oil. Such a container is closed with a nylon lid or the can is rolled up with a tin lid. Dry tomatoes can be stored without oil: they are placed in earthenware dishes or in a paper bag. The container is placed in the refrigerator, in the cellar, on the loggia or balcony.
- Sun-dried tomatoes immediately need to be placed in a glass container and filled with oil. For storage, you can choose a refrigerator or other cool place. So a lot of fortified products is harvested, it can be used as a seasoning or additives to salads and other dishes.
How to store tomatoes in the cellar
In autumn, with the onset of cold weather, green fruits can be seen on many tomato bushes. You can try to keep them until winter, which will lead to a gradual ripening of the fruit. For this, absolutely healthy tomatoes are suitable, without the presence of dents and cracks, damage from diseases. You can store tomatoes in wooden or cardboard boxes, sprinkling them with dry sawdust or small shavings. Wherein:- Up to five layers are stacked in one container.
- The boxes are placed in a cool place with temperatures up to 15 ° C.
- If necessary, for quick ripening, tomatoes are transferred to a warmer room.
Tip: Green tomatoes that have not had time to ripen should be placed in flat wooden boxes and kept on the floor, in a cool and dark room, at freezing temperatures.Such fruits can be stored until the new year if they are individually wrapped in paper and carefully placed in a box covered with straw or finely torn paper. The stalks should be at the top. The room temperature is maintained (+ 11 ° C) - (+ 13 ° C) until the tomatoes turn red. There are other ways to store tomatoes. Before laying for ripening, to protect the fruits from blackening, they are warmed up. For this:
- One kilogram of tomatoes is dipped into a bucket of hot water (60 ° C) for two minutes.
- Each fruit is wiped with a soft cloth.
- Dried in the sun.
- Stacked for ripening.
- To speed up this process, it must be carried out in a warm room (20-25 ° C).
- Vegetables are packed in small boxes of up to three layers, with a few red tomatoes.
- With the release of ethylene by ripe fruits, the ripening of green tomatoes is accelerated.
- Warmed in the sun, clean three-liter jar washed and dried vegetables of blanche ripeness are stacked.
- Two tablespoons of alcohol are poured into the jar.
- Are set on fire.
- The can is shaken several times.
- Closes quickly with a sterilized lid.
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- At the bottom of a thoroughly washed jar, put grated horseradish, about 200 grams per three-liter jar.
- A circle of cardboard lies on top with holes.
- Tomatoes are tightly placed on the circle, the jar is closed with a lid and placed in the refrigerator. You can also keep fresh and cucumbers, bunches of grapes.
When choosing a home project for yourself, you will probably proceed from considerations of rational use of the area and your own financial capacity... In this case, we advise you to take a closer look at the projects of houses with ground floor.
Actually, what is a basement floor? This is a room whose floor level is below the ground level. That is, part of its outer walls is in the soil and rests on the foundation.
It is better to build such a house on a small plot with a difficult terrain, when there is no way to build a house with several full floors.
What are the benefits of the basement floor
- Obviously, this house gives its owners a lot of benefits. Considering that the cost of implementing a project for a house with a basement floor will be cheaper than building an aboveground floor two-storey house, we get the first advantage - savings on construction costs.
- In addition, the basement floor can be larger than the area of the house itself. And this allows you to diversify the architecture of the building. For example, a basement floor overlap can serve as the basis for a large veranda or balcony.
- But the main advantage of a house with a plinth is that it becomes possible to transfer auxiliary premises from the living area to the lower floor. Agree that it is logical to organize a boiler room, a water meter unit, a laundry here. Sometimes this floor is used as a recreational area with a gym, billiard room or sauna. There are projects where the basement is used as a place to store tools or products. Some set up a wine cellar in such a room. But most often the basement is used as a garage with a workshop.
House project with a plinth: a fly in the ointment in a barrel of honey
- But not on every site you can build a house with a basement. You need to understand that it is reasonable to erect such a building where the groundwater is deep enough. Otherwise, the idea will have to be abandoned, because the waterproofing device, in the end, will cost more than building a ground floor.
- It is worth mentioning another disadvantage of the basement floor, which is difficult to argue with - the lack of natural light. But here everything depends on you: if you don't like the darkness - take care of the lighting, if you want to save money - move around the basement in the twilight with a flashlight. In Dom4M projects, we try to minimize this factor as much as possible, but nevertheless, it should be taken into account.
The choice in favor of the project of a house with a basement floor is obvious
Summarize. Of course, there will be certain expenses for the basement. But, firstly, they are not commensurate in comparison with the construction of a full-fledged ground floor. And, secondly, you get a colossal gain in the form of additional square meters useful area that you can use as you see fit.
What was done
Project: the Innsbruck project was adapted to the site and the wishes of the customer's family, a solution was proposed to move the terrace.
foundation: based on geology and the architect's calculations, the house was erected on a pile-grillage foundation.
floors: basement - solid concrete; interfloor - reinforced concrete floor slabs.
box: walls made of aerated concrete blocks, laying on masonry glue. Windows are made to order, with one-sided lamination, on-site installation.
roof: metal tiles.
exterior decoration: walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered, finishing elements are made of wood, made on site, based on TZ-visualization, painted. The plinth is lined with decorative stone.
interior finishing: finishing was carried out according to the design project, where the combination of decorative plaster with stone and wood was taken as a basis. False beams were installed on the ceilings.
additionally: a fireplace is installed and finished.
What was done
The very case when our Customer and we speak the same language and are inspired by the ECO high-tech style! Designer Ilya came to us with already finished Project your future home! Our team liked the project - after all, such unusual and stylish solutions are always a professional challenge!
We prepared estimates for Ilya and developed unique design solutions - all this allowed us to implement this project! Frame house made in our proven Canadian technology with 200 mm insulation along the entire contour! Outside, the house is sheathed with imitation timber. All windows are custom-made and laminated in the colors of the project. Additional accents are highlighted by the professional timber imitation dyeing and color matching.
What was done
What does it cost us to build a house? Indeed, having a team of professionals and knowledge - building a house from scratch is a matter of time! But sometimes the task is more difficult! We have introductory - an already existing foundation, or buildings on the site, extensions to existing buildings and much more! For the Matsuev family, it was just such a difficult task. They had a foundation from an old burnt-out house, and a landscaped area around it! The new house had to be built in a short time on the existing foundation. Dmitry and his family had a desire to build new house in high-tech style. After careful measurements, a project was made that took into account the old layout, but had a new modern shape with interesting innovations! The house now has an entrance group, where you can sit at a table on cozy evenings and a complex but possible exploited roof in our lane. To implement such a roof, we called on our knowledge and modern Construction Materials LVL beams, bonded roofing and much more. Now in the summer on such a roof you can arrange an unusual dinner or watch the stars at night! In the decoration, our architect also emphasized the minimalist and graphic high-tech style. Smooth plastered walls with painted planken details, wood beams at the entrance added personality. Inside, the house is finished with imitation timber, which is painted in different colors depending on the purpose of the room! Large windows in the kitchen of the living room overlooking the plot - created the desired effect of illumination and airiness of the space! The house of the Matsuev family - decorated our photo gallery in the section of suburban architecture in high-tech style, in a style that is chosen by courageous Customers with excellent taste.
What was done
Olga and her family have long dreamed of a country house! A reliable, solid home for life, which will perfectly fit into their difficult narrow area! With the advent of children, it was decided to make the dream come true, children grow up quickly and in their own house in nature there are many opportunities and Fresh air... We, in turn, were happy to work on an individual project of a classic-style red brick house with a bay window! After the first acquaintance with our company in a cozy office, we invited Olga to take a look at our current construction site: evaluate the order and construction processes, storage of materials on the site, get acquainted with the construction team, make sure of the quality of the work. After visiting the facility, Olga decided to work with us! And we were glad to do our favorite job again to make another country dream come true!
What was done
Project: changes were made to the San Rafael project and redevelopment was made according to the wishes of the Customer.
floors: basement -zhb floor slabs; interfloor - reinforced concrete floor slabs
box: walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, laying on mortar ??? Windows inserted.
roof: metal tiles
terrace: rough enclosing elements have been made, flooring has been made.
What was done
Dmitry contacted our company with an interesting draft design to calculate the cost. Our experience allows us to carry out such calculations for draft designs with minimal errors, no more than 2%. Having visited our construction sites and received the construction cost, Dmitry chose us from many of our colleagues in the workshop to complete the project. Our team has started to perform a difficult and expressive country project with spacious rooms and a garage, large windows and sophisticated architecture. After the project was completed, Dmitry chose us as a contractor company, and we, in turn, wanted to do further work at the same high level! Since the object is large, Dmitry proposed a step-by-step cooperation, namely, upon successful completion of the foundation work, we proceeded to the second part of the project - walls + ceilings + roof. Also, for Dmitry, the exact timing of construction was important, in order to speed up the construction processes, the team was reinforced with 2 experienced bricklayers.
The box on the pile-grillage foundation was delivered on time! The result pleased us and the customer. All stages of work were coordinated and worked out for Dmitry and his individual project, from which all participants in the process benefited!
What was done
Project: The project of our company Inkerman, was changed taking into account the wishes of the Customer's family, the house was planted on the site, taking into account the existing situation on the site and the relief
foundation: based on geology and the architect's calculations, the house was erected on a reinforced pile-grillage foundation.
floors: wooden on wooden beams, in places of large spans, installation of LVL beams. The basement floor is insulated with 200mm basalt insulation; interfloor overlap with noise insulation 150mm.
box: box: walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, laying on mortar. Windows inserted.
roof: installation of metal tiles.
exterior finish: the facade is insulated with 100 mm basalt facade slabs, the facades are closed facing brick; the color scheme was proposed by the architect and agreed with the customer.
What was done
The Krutov family decided to build spacious house for the life of the whole family!
Olga and other family members went from idea to implementation in several stages! The choice of technology, long work on the project, construction of the foundation, construction of a house with exterior decoration and then work on interior decoration! The frame technology has been chosen as energy-saving, pre-fabricated and high-tech! Why did the Krutovs choose our company? They liked the quality of work on our construction site and the workers who gave a detailed tour! We also worked on the estimate for a long time, combining different options for finishes, comparing their cost. This made it possible to choose the best option from a wide variety finishing materials and complete sets.
The project was created by a friend of the architect, but we had to work out the constructive part of it. After that, the most reliable and effective foundation was erected - the USP. Next, work began on the box. A frame house with 200 mm insulation along the entire contour and a unique roof insulation technology of 300 mm. For the exterior, siding was chosen in a spectacular combination of colors - coffee and cream. The accents are highlighted by the powerful overhangs, the interfloor belt and large windows!
What was done
When you decide to become the proud owner of your own home and move to a new home for permanent residence, first of all, you think about what the house will be like; what to build it from; how much will it cost and, most importantly, WHO will do all this?
Alexander, came to our company with a desire to move to his own Vacation home... He liked the Avignon project and was already on the site strip foundation... After the initial visit to the site, measurements and examination of the foundation, we gave our conclusions and recommendations. Strengthen the foundation, change the project and adapt to the size existing foundation! After agreeing on the cost, it was decided to build in winter. Alexander received as a gift reinforced concrete floors, one of the leading construction teams and a house according to the project he liked, which stood on a site with an external finish by the spring! Alexander watched every stage of construction, regularly visiting the construction site and was pleased with the result, and we were with our work. This is an individually designed Avignon project, realized in stone technology with external insulation and siding!
What was done
Each house is a separate story of creation and implementation! We built a house once good people and they recommended us to another good person! Andrey Rumyantsev came to our company with a desire to replace the old country house to build a one-story spacious country house with a fireplace for warm family evenings ... It was decided to build the house from aerated concrete blocks so that the future handsome country house would delight the owner for decades! The customer voiced his wishes for finishing - and we, in turn, brought everything to life. Thanks to the detailed visualization of the project, each element of the exterior finish is a member of a friendly ensemble! Bavarian masonry, as the final stage of exterior decoration, looks noble and solid. Without a doubt, such a tandem - aerated concrete and brick can be safely called the best solution in the field of stone housing construction - warm, affordable, beautiful, reliable. Modern technologies have stepped forward so much that such unique configurations become available in a short time, because we built this project during the winter months. The main thing is to own the necessary knowledge and constantly replenish their stock!
What was done
Project: the project of a European company was taken as a basis and was adapted to the site and the wishes of the Customer's family, a terrace and patio were proposed, taking into account the cardinal points of the Customer's site.
foundation: on the basis of geology and the architect's calculations, the house was erected on a pile foundation.
floors: basement - solid concrete; interfloor - wooden on beams with 150 mm soundproofing device.
box: walls made of aerated concrete blocks, laying on masonry glue. Windows are custom made with one-sided lamination, on-site assembly.
roof: metal tiles.
exterior finish: walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered. Based on the visualization, the facade panels under the Tolento stone have been added. The enclosing elements of the terrace, balcony are made of wood, made on site, based on the TK-visualization, painted. Roof overhangs are lined with soffits in the color of the roof.
Vladimir Murashkin, House owner "individual 8x9m" House parameters: |
What was done
When Customers come to us with bright, modern ideas for the future home, we light up twice! After all, to work on a new stylish project is always interesting and a kind of challenge, how to implement all bold ideas from a constructive point of view, what materials to use in this case? Vladimir bought a plot with picturesque views of the Oka River! This view could not be ignored, so a dizzying terrace (51.1 m2) and a large balcony, oriented towards beauty, became an indispensable attribute of the future house! Vladimir wanted to have a rest in nature in wooden house, but it was necessary to build a house in a short time and frame construction technology became an ideal solution for such tasks! If you are to be different, then in everything! The house was made even more spectacular by a vertical finish imitating a timber made of durable larch, painted in natural shades with an emphasized wood texture. Complementing the modern look of the house - laminated windows! It turned out to be a great country house, with a twist and at the same time incredibly functional.
One of the most inexpensive ways to increase your home without taking up a lot of space on the site and without violating the number of storeys in suburban development is to arrange the space under the house and create a basement floor. This approach makes it possible to take out all auxiliary premises during construction and separate them from living rooms. Since it is not beneficial for human health to be at levels below zero, (i.e., buried underground) for more than four hours a day, you should not place a dining room, living room or, moreover, bedrooms in the basement floor.
Design features
- Consideration should be given to adequate ventilation to prevent stagnant air and humidity from rising, otherwise there is a risk of fungus on the walls.
- Since sunlight does not penetrate underground, enhanced artificial lighting will be required, which must be taken into account when calculating the load on the network at the stage of creating drawings.
- When arranging a sauna, showers and toilets, it will be necessary to install a special pump for the sewage system, since natural drainage under the ground is impossible.
- Basement height should be at least 2.2 m, which is the norm for both physical and psychological comfort of residents.
- In areas with wet soils, the cost of waterproofing will be significantly higher than in sandy or rocky soils.
WITH It should be borne in mind that when installing in the basement of rooms where people will stay, it is necessary to maintain the temperature from 16 to 22 0 C. In pantries or dressing rooms, heating up to 8 0 C. is sufficient.
Use cases
The arrangement of a garage in the basement is a great opportunity to create convenience for all family members at the same time. This is comfortable parking, and saving space on the site, and the safety of the rest of the family. There are quite a few projects with such a solution in the catalog:
- original log cabin on a high stone base;
- three-storey with a garage for two cars, making it possible to build on a small plot;
- compact modern cottage
- unique, unparalleled
The basement can accommodate home gyms and mini-gyms:
- where the "simulator" is adjacent to the sauna and the laundry room, and the technical room separates the cold storage room from them;
- a cottage with a corner terrace where the size of the basement allows you to plan a spacious billiard room next to the sports area;
- aristocratic where a staircase hall separates the gym from a large-scale recreation room with a home theater.
A rather sensible solution is to equip a sauna or steam room with a relaxation room in the basement, where you can take a variety of wellness treatments at any time of the year. These are projects such as:
- a cottage with a small attic, where there is a steam room and a dry sauna on both sides of the shower room;
- a representative three-storey one, whose underground level accommodates both a sports area and a playroom, and a corner where you can listen to music or watch a movie while relaxing after a Finnish bath;
- quite economical and compact ”with a large shower and jacuzzi combined with a steam room in one volume.
In addition, the space underground can be completely economic or assigned to be a workshop. You can fill it with pantries for various purposes, both heated and cold for storing food and home preservation. When choosing a project, focus on the needs of your family, and we will be happy to help you with this.
Find projects on the Internet one-story houses with a basement floor is extremely difficult, most often, they have to be ordered. The basement floor, in other words, the basement, is a special room, without which no high-rise building can do.
Another thing is a cottage or private house, designed for one family. Of course, superfluous square meters will not interfere with anyone, especially since in the basement our man habitually stores everything that mother nature gave him on his six hundred square meters. Potatoes, all kinds of pickles and preserves are dumped there, and in general everything.
Everything that does not fit in the house is thrown there. Maybe someday old leaky galoshes will come in handy, from which you can make so many useful things, while it is not clear what and how much, but it is clear that a lot. It is clear that not a single developer in their right mind and with a firm memory will not waste time and money on a one-story house with a basement, hoping to use it in this way.
Usually, when setting the goal to build a house with a zero floor, a person thinks that on this very floor he will keep his car or, for example, make a workshop, which he has always dreamed of and never got around to.
In general, in order to get down to business of creating a base, you need to clearly understand why it is needed. Not every potential homeowner is able to just take it and make a basement floor under the house. To decide on this, you need, at least, to have free money.
Just dig a pit
There are three types of basement floors: recessed, protruding and located at the level of the foundation. For the construction of a recessed basement, the land on which it will be built must be dry. Work begins with digging a pit, the area of which must be determined in advance.
The depth of the pit should in no case be lower or at the level of groundwater. In general, the depth of the buried basement should be about one meter above their level.
And it has its own in each locality, and is determined by the level of water in the wells in the hot summer season. At the same time of year, you need to start building the basement in a private house.
Drainage system arrangement
The most important element of the house in which this structure is present is the drainage system. The fate of not only the basement, but the whole house depends on how it will function. Since the floor is basement and located below ground level, water will be present there by definition.
Drainage system it's pretty simple to do. After the pit is dug, it is completely cleared of debris, its bottom is leveled and compacted. A hole is being dug somewhere in the corner of the foundation pit. A metal barrel is inserted into it, the edges of which should be flush with the floor of the future basement.
In order to ensure the most even bottom of the pit, it is covered with a layer of fine sand, its thickness should be at least 15 centimeters and no more than 20. After that, the sand is again leveled and a waterproofing material is laid on its surface.
Reinforcement mesh is laid on the waterproofing and poured with concrete. At the same time, there should not be any gaps between the edges of the drainage barrel and the floor, so that water does not flow into them later. A drainage pump is installed in the barrel. The drainage system can be considered complete.
Installation of plinth walls
Now, when water gets into the basement in any way, it will drain into a drainage tank and pumped out. To prevent the pit walls from crumbling, they are reinforced with formwork.
Then the walls of the basement are erected. Usually, they are made of bricks or building blocks. A sand-cement mixture is used as a binder solution.
After the walls of the basement are laid out, it remains to make the top floor.One or more concrete slabs are used as such a floor. It is preferable to use them for this purpose, since they have high strength.
Ventilation
In order for the cellar to be suitable for storing food, reliable ventilation must be arranged in it, otherwise the basement will become a habitat for mold, and there can be no question of storing food in it. To prevent this from happening, ventilation in a buried basement should be arranged as follows.
On both sides of the cellar, opposite each other, two vertical pipes (supply and exhaust) are installed, they can be either metal or plastic. The purpose of the supply pipe is to draw air from the outside into the basement, while the exhaust pipe is designed to draw air out of the basement room.
The lower end of the supply pipe is located at a height of about twenty centimeters from the floor, while the exhaust pipe, the lower end of which is located at a distance of thirty centimeters from the ceiling, being on the opposite side, draws air out of the room. The system, consisting of these two pipes, ensures constant air circulation in the plinth.
In general, if the main purpose of your basement is to be a large refrigerator, then your basement can be considered almost complete. It remains only to make shelves so that all your jars of cucumbers and tomatoes, as well as buckets of sauerkraut, fit without problems.
Basement garage
Many projects of houses with a basement are created with the aim of placing a garage there. They are considered to be much more complex structures than a basement adapted for storage. First of all, it should be located at a depth of at least two meters, a width of at least four, and a length of at least six meters.
Of course, all these dimensions are taken with a large margin, but if you take into account that a lot of other things are stored in the garage, in addition to the car, then this stock will not be so great.
Unlike a basement for storing food, a garage must be a heated space. Moreover, the temperature in it should not differ much from the temperature inside the house, because if such a large room as a garage is not properly heated, then, being directly under the living rooms, it will inevitably cool down the home. In this case, heating costs will inevitably increase.
If only one light bulb without a shade and shade is required to illuminate a food warehouse, then full lighting will be required in the garage.
If in order to get into the basement, with the food stored in it, it will be enough to use a ladder, then a strong ramp will be required to leave the garage.
Other premises
Even more serious costs will be required to adapt the basement floor for a full living quarters or, for example, for the arrangement of a bowling alley or a gym in it.
Looking at the photo of a house with a basement floor, it is easy to see that the illumination of the premises is quite intense, at least so much that it fully complies with sanitary standards.
The air temperature in it should not be lower than the temperature in the house. Since the base is located almost in the ground, maintaining a comfortable microclimate in it will cost a pretty penny. In general, the basement floor can be used for the needs of the family, both as a utility room and as the main one.