What are material costs in accounting? Composition of material expenses used for tax purposes
4.1.1. For the purchase of raw materials and basic materials used in the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services) and (or) forming their basis, or being necessary components in the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services).
In the oil and fat industry, the raw materials are:
In the production of vegetable oil - oilseeds;
In fat processing - vegetable oils, interesterified fats, lard, animal fats, fatty acids, hydrogen; soda products used for soap production, etc.
4.1.2. For the purchase of auxiliary materials used to ensure the normal technological process, as well as for packaging and other preparation of manufactured and (or) sold goods (including pre-sale preparation);
materials for other production and economic needs (testing, control, maintenance, operation of fixed assets and other similar purposes).
In oil and fat production, auxiliary materials include such materials as, for example, nefras solvent (in the production of vegetable oil by extraction method), bleaching earth, citric acid, filter cloth, caustic soda (in the refining of oil and lard), etc.; To packaging materials- glass and polymer containers for packaging vegetable oil and mayonnaise, boxes, parchment, foil, labels for packaging margarine, etc.
4.1.3. For the purchase of tools, fixtures, inventory, instruments, laboratory equipment, workwear and other property that is not depreciable property. The cost of such property is included in material costs in full as it is put into operation.
4.1.4. For the purchase of components undergoing installation and (or) semi-finished products undergoing additional processing, for example lard used in margarine and soap factories.
4.1.5. For the purchase of fuel, water and energy of all types, spent on technological purposes, the generation of all types of energy for production needs, heating of buildings, as well as costs for transformation and transmission of energy.
4.1.6. For the acquisition of works and services of a production nature, performed by third-party organizations or individual entrepreneurs, as well as for the performance of these works (provision of services) by structural divisions of the enterprise itself.
Works (services) of a production nature include the performance of individual operations for the production (manufacturing) of products, performance of work, provision of services, processing of raw materials (materials), monitoring compliance with established technological processes, maintenance of fixed assets and other similar work.
Works (services) of a production nature also include transport services of structural divisions of an organization for the transportation of goods within the organization, in particular the movement of raw materials (materials), tools, parts, blanks, and other types of goods from the base (central) warehouse to workshops (departments) and delivery finished products in accordance with the terms of agreements (contracts), as well as transport services of third parties (including individual entrepreneurs).
4.1.7. Related to the maintenance and operation of fixed assets for environmental purposes (including costs associated with the maintenance and operation of treatment facilities, ash collectors, filters and other environmental facilities, costs for the disposal of environmentally hazardous waste, costs for the purchase of services from third-party organizations for reception, storage and destruction environmentally hazardous waste, wastewater treatment, payments for maximum permissible emissions (discharges) of pollutants into the natural environment and other similar expenses).
4.1.8. The following are equivalent to material costs:
Losses from shortages and (or) damage to raw materials during storage and (or) transportation within the limits of natural loss;
Technological losses during production, transportation, storage of oilseeds and fatty raw materials in warehouses of oil production enterprises and elevators.
Losses from shortages and (or) damage to raw materials during storage and (or) transportation in excess of the norms of natural loss in the absence of specific culprits for the loss of material resources are included in financial results.
4.1.9. The cost of goods material assets included in material expenses, is determined based on the prices of their acquisition (without taking into account the amounts of taxes subject to deduction or included in expenses), including commissions paid to intermediary organizations, import customs duties and fees, transportation costs and other costs associated with the acquisition inventory items.
4.1.10. If the cost of returnable packaging accepted from the supplier with inventory items is included in the price of these items, from total amount expenses for their acquisition exclude the cost of returnable packaging at the price of its possible use or sale. The cost of non-returnable containers and packaging accepted from the supplier with inventory items is included in the amount of expenses for their acquisition.
The classification of containers as returnable or non-returnable is determined by the terms of the agreement (contract) for the purchase of inventory items.
4.1.11. If products (works, services) of own production are used as raw materials, supplies and other material costs, then they are assessed in accordance with clause 1.3 of these Instructions.
4.1.12. The cost of returnable waste and by-products is excluded from the costs of material resources included in the cost price in accordance with the valuation method adopted in accounting policy organization: either at a reduced price of the original material resource (at the price of possible use), or at the price of possible sale.
Returnable production waste refers to the remains of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products, coolants and other types of material resources generated during the production of products (works, services), which have lost completely or partially the consumer properties of the original resource (chemical or physical) and are therefore used with increased costs (reduced product yield) or not used at all for their intended purpose.
Returnable waste from the oil and fat industry includes:
Sunflower husks, soybean hulls and seed hulls of other oilseeds, separated during the hulling process in preparation for oil extraction;
1. Material expenses, in particular, include the following expenses of the taxpayer:
1) for the acquisition of raw materials and (or) materials used in the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services) and (or) forming their basis or being a necessary component in the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services);
2) for the purchase of materials used:
paragraph excluded. - the federal law dated May 29, 2002 N 57-FZ;
for packaging and other preparation of manufactured and (or) sold goods (including pre-sale preparation);
for other production and economic needs (testing, control, maintenance, operation of fixed assets and other similar purposes);
3) for the purchase of tools, devices, equipment, instruments, laboratory equipment, workwear and other means of individual and collective protection provided for by law Russian Federation, and other property that is not depreciable property. The cost of such property is included in material costs in full as it is put into operation. In order to write off the value of the property specified in this subparagraph for more than one reporting period, the taxpayer has the right to independently determine the procedure for recognizing material expenses in the form of the cost of such property, taking into account the period of its use or other economically feasible indicators;
4) for the purchase of components undergoing installation and (or) semi-finished products undergoing additional processing from the taxpayer;
5) for the purchase of fuel, water, energy of all types, spent on technological purposes, production (including by the taxpayer himself for production needs) of all types of energy, heating of buildings, as well as costs of production and (or) acquisition of power, costs of transformation and energy transfer;
6) for the acquisition of works and services of a production nature, performed by third-party organizations or individual entrepreneurs, as well as for the performance of these works (provision of services) by structural divisions of the taxpayer.
Works (services) of a production nature include the performance of individual operations for the production (manufacturing) of products, performance of work, provision of services, processing of raw materials (materials), monitoring compliance with established technological processes, maintenance of fixed assets and other similar work.
Works (services) of a production nature also include transport services of third-party organizations (including individual entrepreneurs) and (or) structural divisions of the taxpayer itself for the transportation of goods within the organization, in particular the movement of raw materials, tools, parts, workpieces, and other types of goods with base (central) warehouse to workshops (departments) and delivery of finished products in accordance with the terms of agreements (contracts);
7) related to the maintenance and operation of fixed assets and other property for environmental purposes (including costs associated with the maintenance and operation of treatment facilities, ash collectors, filters and other environmental facilities, costs for the disposal of environmentally hazardous waste, costs for the purchase of services from third-party organizations reception, storage and destruction of environmentally hazardous waste, wastewater treatment, formation of sanitary protection zones in accordance with current state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations, payments for emissions of pollutants into the air, discharges of pollutants in wastewater into water bodies, carried out within the limits of permissible emissions standards, permissible discharge standards, for the disposal of production and consumption waste within the established limits for their disposal and other similar expenses).
2. Material cost inventories included in material costs, is determined based on their acquisition prices (excluding value added tax and excise taxes, except for cases provided for by this Code), including commissions paid to intermediary organizations, import customs duties and fees, transportation costs and other costs associated with the acquisition of inventories.
The cost of inventories, other property in the form of surpluses identified during the inventory, and (or) property received free of charge, and (or) property received during the dismantling or disassembly of decommissioned fixed assets, repair, modernization, reconstruction, technical rearmament or partial liquidation of fixed assets is defined as the amount of income recorded by the taxpayer in the manner prescribed by paragraphs 8, 13 and 20 of part two of Article 250 of this Code.
3. If the cost of returnable packaging accepted from a supplier with inventories is included in the price of these valuables, the cost of returnable packaging at the price of its possible use or sale is excluded from the total cost of their acquisition. The cost of non-returnable containers and packaging accepted from the supplier with inventories is included in the amount of expenses for their acquisition.
The classification of containers as returnable or non-returnable is determined by the terms of the agreement (contract) for the acquisition of inventories.
4. If the taxpayer uses products of its own production as raw materials, spare parts, components, semi-finished products and other material expenses, and also if the taxpayer includes the results of work or services of its own production as part of the material expenses, the assessment of these products, results works or services of own production are carried out based on the assessment of finished products (works, services) in accordance with Article 319 of this Code.
5. The amount of material expenses of the current month is reduced by the value of the remaining inventories transferred to production, but not used in production at the end of the month. The valuation of such inventories should correspond to their valuation upon write-off.
6. The amount of material costs is reduced by the cost of returnable waste. For the purposes of this chapter, returnable waste refers to the remains of raw materials (materials), semi-finished products, coolants and other types of material resources generated during the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services), which have partially lost the consumer qualities of the original resources (chemical or physical properties) and in Because of this, they are used at increased costs (reduced product yield) or are not used for their intended purpose.
Remains of inventories, which, in accordance with the technological process, are transferred to other departments as full-fledged raw materials (materials) for the production of other types of goods (works, services), as well as by-products obtained as a result of implementation of the technological process.
Returnable waste is assessed in the following order:
1) at a reduced price of the initial material resource (at the price of possible use), if this waste can be used for main or auxiliary production, but with increased costs (reduced yield of finished products);
2) at the selling price, if this waste is sold externally.
7. The following are considered material expenses for tax purposes:
1) expenses for land reclamation and other environmental measures, unless otherwise established by Article 261 of this Code;
2) losses from shortages and (or) damage during storage and transportation of inventories within the limits of natural loss norms approved in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation;
3) technological losses during production and (or) transportation. Technological losses are losses during the production and (or) transportation of goods (work, services), caused by the technological features of the production cycle and (or) the transportation process, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials used;
4) expenses for mining and preparatory work during the extraction of mineral resources, for operational stripping work in quarries and cutting work during underground mining within the mining allotment of mining enterprises.
8. When determining the amount of material costs when writing off raw materials and supplies used in the production (manufacturing) of goods (performing work, providing services), in accordance with the adopted organization accounting policy For tax purposes, one of the following methods for assessing the specified raw materials and materials is used:
valuation method based on the cost of a unit of inventory;
average cost valuation method;
valuation method based on the cost of first acquisitions (FIFO);
Material costs are part of production costs, the costs of producing products, goods, services, which includes the costs of raw materials, basic and auxiliary materials, fuel, energy and other costs equated to material costs. Material costs (expenses) form part of the cost of production.
Material costs include: the cost of purchased raw materials and materials, fuel; basic auxiliary materials; components and semi-finished products; container; spare parts for repairs; IBP and other costs. The cost of material resources consists of their acquisition prices.
Material costs are classified as direct costs and are taken into account under the following costing items: - raw materials and basic materials;
- - returnable waste production;
- - purchased semi-finished products and components;
- - fuel and energy for technological purposes;
- - and others.
One of the necessary elements of the production process of any industrial enterprise are objects of labor, which are ready-made natural or pre-processed material resources: raw materials, semi-finished products, fuel, spare parts, etc. In the production process, they act as objects of human influence using available means there in order to create a product for consumption.
Unlike fixed assets, material resources participate in the production process once and transfer their value to the produced product completely. Therefore, after each production process they have to be measured with new specimens of the same species.
On manufacturing enterprises material resources account for a significant portion of the cost of manufactured products specific gravity. Therefore, their accounting, storage and rational use in the production process are important in increasing the efficiency of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise.
The main objectives of inventory accounting are:
- - correct and timely documentation of all operations on the movement of material resources;
- - control over the safety of material resources in places of their storage and at all stages of movement;
- - control over compliance with established standards for the consumption of material resources in the production process;
- - timely identification of material resources not used by the enterprise and subject to sale to other enterprises, etc.
Necessary conditions for effective control over the safety and rational use of material resources in an enterprise are:
Proper organization of logistics;
the official state of the warehouse and weighing facilities;
the presence of progressive standards for the consumption of material resources per unit of production;
Inventory inventories must comply with the standards established by the administration. When determining standards, they take into account the planned volumes of production, the current dynamics of prices for material assets, the reliability of suppliers and transport organizations, the specific features of purchased raw materials and supplies, the availability of warehouse space at the organization and a number of other factors.
With a high level of organization of supply and production processes, organizations should strive to establish minimum standards for material inventories, which will reduce losses due to damage during storage and insurance, and increase income from working capital.
The consumption of raw materials and materials in the production process refers to their direct consumption in the production process. The release of raw materials and supplies to workshop storerooms is considered not as a production expense, but as a transfer of material assets.
An important condition control over the rational use of materials is their rationing and release based on established limits. Limits are calculated by the material department based on data from the planning department on the volume of production and standards for material consumption per unit of production.
All services of the enterprise must have a list of officials who are authorized to sign documents for the receipt and release of materials from the warehouse, as well as to give permission to remove them from the enterprise. Dispensed materials must be accurately weighed, measured and counted.
Order documentation release of materials depends primarily on the organization of production, direction of consumption and frequency of release.
The consumption of materials for production is determined by primary documents (requirement - invoice, invoice, limit-fence card).
A more simplified and convenient method is the method of accounting for materials, where in this case the received materials in accounting debit account 10 “Materials” and credit account: 76 “Settlements with different debtors and creditors” - for the cost of services paid by checks to transport organizations.
- 71 “Settlements with accountable persons” - for the cost of raw materials and supplies, purchased and paid amounts;
- 23 “Auxiliary production” - for the costs of delivering materials by own transport and for the actual cost of materials of own production.
- 20 “Main production” - for the cost of age-related waste received from production, etc.
When maintaining synthetic accounting of materials at actual cost within the framework of account 10 “Materials,” it is advisable to open two analytical accounts: - materials at accounting prices;
The release of raw materials and materials from central warehouses to storerooms of production workshops is considered as an internal movement and is reflected in accounting by the entry: debit of account 10 “Materials”, analytical account “Central warehouse”; credit account 10 “Materials”, analytical account “Production workshop”.
In the second method of accounting for materials at their actual cost based on received settlement documents suppliers and other organizations, account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” is debited and accounts are credited: 60 “Settlements with suppliers”; 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”; 71 “Calculations with accountable persons", etc. Account entries are made regardless of when the raw materials and supplies arrived at the warehouse of the manufacturing enterprise - before or after receiving payment documents from suppliers and other organizations.
When materials are released into production or otherwise disposed of, they can be assessed by:
- * cost of each unit;
- * average cost;
- * the cost of the first acquisition of inventories (FIFO method);
- * the cost of the most recent acquisition of inventories (LIFO method).
Operations for the movement of material assets all legal entities regardless of the form of ownership, they must be formalized in unified primary documents on accounting of materials developed by the State Statistics Committee of Russia. Primary documents for receipt and release of materials must be correctly executed, have appropriate signatures and be numbered in advance
The list of persons who have the right to sign for the issuance of especially scarce and expensive materials, and the list of such materials are established by the head of the organization upon the recommendation of the head of the supply department and the chief accountant.
Let us list the documents on inventory accounting.
- * Power of attorney (form No. M-2 and No. M-2a) - used to formalize the right of an official to act as a proxy for an organization when receiving material assets from a supplier. The power of attorney is drawn up in one copy by the organization's accounting department and issued against signature to the recipient. The validity period of powers of attorney, as a rule, cannot exceed 15 days; in exceptional cases it may be issued for a calendar month.
- * Receipt order (form No. M-4) - used to account for materials arriving from suppliers or from processing.
The receipt order is drawn up in one copy by the financially responsible person on the day the valuables arrive at the warehouse. It is issued for the actually accepted amount of valuables. Forms of receipt orders are handed over to financially responsible persons in a pre-numbered form.
- * Certificate of acceptance of materials (form No. M-7) - used to formalize the acceptance of material assets in cases where there are quantitative and qualitative discrepancies with the data of the supplier’s accompanying documents, as well as when accepting stocks received without documents (for uninvoiced deliveries ). The act is the legal basis for filing a claim with the supplier; it is drawn up in duplicate by members acceptance committee with the mandatory participation of a financially responsible person and a representative of the supplier or a representative of a disinterested organization. The act is approved by the head of the organization or other authorized person. One copy of the act with attached primary documents is transferred to the accounting department to record the movement of material assets, the other - to the supply department or accounting department to send a letter of claim to the supplier.
- * Limit and intake card (form No. M-8) - needed to account for the release of raw materials, materials, purchased semi-finished products, etc. from the warehouse. to the production units of the organization within the approved limit. The supply limit is determined on the basis of existing standards by calculation, based on the volume of production tasks of workshops, taking into account carryover balances of inventories at the beginning of the reporting period. Limit cards are issued in two copies for a period of one month, and for small volumes - for a quarter. Before the beginning of the month, one copy of the card is transferred to the structural unit - the consumer of materials, the other - to the warehouse.
Materials are released into production by the warehouse only upon presentation by a representative structural unit your copy of the limit-fence card. The storekeeper notes in both copies the date and quantity of materials issued, and then displays the remainder of the material limit. The limit and intake card of a structural unit is signed by the storekeeper, and the limit and intake card of the warehouse is signed by a representative of the structural unit. The warehouse delivers limit-fence cards to the accounting department after the limit has been used.
* Requirement invoice (form No. M-11) - used to account for the movement of material assets within the organization, their release to branches located outside the organization, and when selling inventories. The invoice is drawn up in two copies by the financially responsible persons of the warehouse or workshop handing over the valuables. The first copy is intended for write-off of valuables (by the warehouse, workshop), the second copy is intended for the receipt of valuables by the receiving party (warehouse, workshop). Exceeding the limit release of materials from the warehouse can only be carried out with the permission of the manager or chief engineer and is documented with a demand invoice (form No. M-11).
Replacement of some types of materials with others, similar in their properties, is also allowed only with the permission of the manager and is formalized by a demand invoice in the specified form. This document, together with the limit and intake card of the replaced material, is transferred to the warehouse, and the storekeeper reduces the balance of the limit taking into account the issuance of substitute materials.
* Invoice for the release of materials to third parties (form No. M-15) - used to account for the supply of material assets to third parties on the basis of contracts and other documents. The invoice is issued in two copies upon presentation by the recipient of a power of attorney to receive valuables, completed in the prescribed manner. The first copy is transferred to the warehouse as a basis for the release of materials, the second - to the recipient.
When releasing materials by pick-up or take-out, the storekeeper submits an invoice signed by the recipient to the accounting department for issuing settlement and payment documents if the materials were issued with subsequent payment. material production products enterprise
* Materials accounting card (form No. M-17) - used for accounting
movement of materials in the warehouse for each grade, type, size. Cards are a document strict reporting and are issued to the storekeeper against receipt. Financially responsible person(storekeeper, warehouse manager) makes entries in cards based on primary receipt and expense documents on the day of the transaction in kind.
* Act on the recording of material assets received during the dismantling and dismantling of buildings and structures (form No. M-35) - used to account for material assets received in the process of liquidation of fixed assets suitable for use in carrying out work in the organization itself. The cost of such valuables reduces the loss from the liquidation of the corresponding objects.
Synthetic inventory accounting is maintained on active accounts 10 “Materials”, 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets”, 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”. Accounting for material assets on synthetic accounts is carried out at actual cost or at accounting prices. Accounting for materials is kept on account 10 “Materials”, to which the following sub-accounts can be opened: “Raw materials and materials”, “purchased semi-finished products”, “fuel”, “packaged materials”, “spare parts”, “materials transferred for processing to the side", " Construction Materials", "inventory", "special cloth". At the same time, the credit of this subaccount reflects the transfer of the cost of special tools, special devices, special equipment and special clothing to the cost of products (works, services) in correspondence with the debit of the organization’s expense accounts 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 25 “ General production expenses", 26 " General running costs", 44 "Sales expenses". Write-off residual value objects upon their early disposal are reflected:
Kit 10 “Materials”, sub-account “Special equipment and special clothing in use”.
Organizations engaged in the production of agricultural products can open separate sub-accounts for account 10 “Materials”.
Account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” is used to reflect information on the acquisition of inventories related to funds in circulation. The account reflects the purchase price of the procurement and acquisition of inventories, determined according to the supplier's settlement and payment documents, and the accounting value of the assets actually capitalized.
On account 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”
the difference in the cost of acquisition of inventories, calculated in the actual costs of acquisition and at the accounting value, is reflected. Analytical accounting for account 16 is carried out for groups of inventories that have approximately the same level of these deviations.
Accounting for receipt of materials can be organized in two ways:
- * using accounts 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”;
- * without using accounts 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”.
Organizations independently determine the procedure for accounting for materials and reflect it in their accounting policies. Accounting using accounts 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets” occurs when materials are accounted for at accounting prices, and accounting without using these accounts occurs when accounting is carried out at actual cost.
In the first case, based on the supplier’s payment documents received by the organization, the following entry is made:
The entry to the debit of account 15 and the credit of account 60 is made regardless of when the materials were received - before or after receiving the supplier's payment documents. In this case, the debit of account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” shows the cost of acquired inventories at purchase prices. At the same time reflect value added tax
Kit 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”
After receipt and payment of materials, VAT paid to suppliers is applied to settlements with the VAT budget
Dt 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees*, subaccount “Calculations for VAT”
K-t 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets”, subaccount “VAT on acquired inventories” Depending on where certain assets came from, and on the nature of the costs for the procurement and delivery of materials, the following can also be made accounting records.
Dt 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets”
K-t 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”,
76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, etc.
The posting of materials actually received by the organization is carried out at accounting prices and is reflected in the entry.
Dt 10 “Materials”
As a result of the entries made for each batch of materials on account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets,” a difference arises between the debit turnover and the credit turnover.
If the debit turnover is greater than the credit turnover, this means that actual cost of prepared materials above the book price. An accounting entry is made for this difference:
Dt 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”
Book 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets.”
As a result of this, turnover in the debit and credit of account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” will reflect the amount of procured inventories at actual cost.
If the turnover on the credit of account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” exceeds the debit turnover of this account, it means that the accounting price is higher than the actual cost. In this case, an accounting entry is made
Dt 15 “Procurement and acquisition of valuables”
With this procedure for accounting for the receipt of materials, their actual cost will be as follows: * the balance of account 10 “Materials” at accounting prices plus or minus the balance of account 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets.” Analytical accounting for account 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets” is carried out according to groups of material assets with approximately the same level of deviations. The balance of account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” at the end of the month represents the cost of materials that are in transit or have not been removed from suppliers’ warehouses.
There is a known option for accounting for the procurement of materials without a balance on account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets”, in which at the end of the month an entry is made without posting materials in the warehouse:
Dt 10 “Materials”
Kit 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” At the beginning next month these amounts are reversed. In the second case (accounting is carried out only at actual cost), the posting of materials received from suppliers is reflected by the entry:
Dt 10 “Materials”
Kit 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors.”
VAT on capitalized materials is reflected in the accounting entry:
D-19 “Value added tax on acquired assets”, subaccount “VAT on acquired inventories”
Kit 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors.”
It should be noted that materials received from suppliers are received regardless of when they arrived - before or after receipt of payment documents. The cost of paid materials that are in transit or have not been removed from the supplier’s warehouse at the end of the month is reflected:
Dt 10 “Materials” Kt 60 “Settlements with suppliers and Contractors”.
At the beginning of the next month, these amounts are reversed, and in current accounting they are shown as accounts receivable supplier, which is paid as materials are received into the warehouse.
When materials are received from other sources, entries may be made:
Dt 10 “Materials” Kt 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”, 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, etc.
The actual consumption of materials for production and other needs is reflected in accounting records:
Kit 10 “Materials”.
If materials were accounted for in account 10 “Materials” at accounting prices, then when they are transferred to production, the deviation taken into account in account 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets” is written off to cost accounts. In this case, the accounting entry is made:
Dt 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 25 “General production expenses”, 26 “General expenses”, etc.
Kit 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”
or a reversal entry is made:
Dt 20 “Main production”
Book 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets.” The last entry is made if the cost of materials at accounting prices turns out to be higher than their actual cost.
Sales of materials to third parties are reflected in account 91 “Other income and expenses.” The debit of this account shows the actual cost of the valuables sold, expenses associated with the sale of valuables, and VAT received as part of the proceeds from the sale. The credit of the account reflects the proceeds received for the sold property.
Transactions on the sale of materials are reflected in the accounts accounting in the following way.
For the amount of revenue from the sale of materials, depending on the sales accounting method adopted in the organization, the following is recorded:
Dt 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”
Kt 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount “Other income”.
The amount of VAT received as part of revenue is reflected:
Dt 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount “Other expenses”
Kt 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, subaccount “Calculations for VAT”.
Other material costs include costs not related to the main activity, including:
Ø costs of payment for work and services of a production nature performed by third-party enterprises or auxiliary production facilities and facilities of a transport organization that are not related to the main type of activity.
Works and services of a production nature include:
Ø transport services of third-party organizations for the transportation of goods within the enterprise (movement of raw materials, materials, tools, parts, blanks, other types of goods from the central warehouse to workshops and delivery of finished products to storage warehouses, to the station (port, pier) of departure). Costs associated with delivery (including loading - unloading work) material resources, transport and personnel of the enterprise, are subject to inclusion in the relevant elements of production costs (labor costs, depreciation of fixed assets, material costs and others);
Ø services and work of third-party companies performed for maintenance, repair, service Vehicle and other fixed assets;
Ø storage services for vehicles and inventories;
Ø expenses for the purchase of office supplies, forms of technical and production documentation, maintenance of fire-fighting equipment, means of creating conditions for safe work, means of visual propaganda, the cost of issued workwear, special footwear and other personal protective equipment, soap, disinfectants, milk and medical and prophylactic food or reimbursement of expenses to employees for the special clothing, safety footwear and other personal protective equipment purchased by them in the event of failure to issue them to the administration;
Ø fee for Natural resources in the part attributable to the cost of transportation, work, services (payment for land reclamation, payment for water taken by enterprises from water management systems within established limits);
Ø losses from a shortage of received material resources within the limits of natural loss.
The cost of material resources also includes the costs of enterprises for the purchase of containers and packaging received from suppliers of material resources, minus the cost of this container at the price of its possible use in cases where the prices for them are set especially above the price for these resources.
In cases where the cost of packaging accepted from a supplier with a material resource is included in its price, the cost of the packaging at the price of its possible use or sale (taking into account the costs of its repair in terms of materials) is excluded from the total cost of its acquisition.
Other materials
Planning and sales of finished products
Promising dynamics of development market relations requires enterprises to increase production efficiency, which is not possible without clear planned measures to increase the competitiveness of products and services based on the introduction of scientific achievements...
Problems of generating enterprise income and expenses
Russia is undergoing profound economic changes as the country gets back on track general processes world development. The market economy, with all the diversity of its models, is characterized by the fact that it is a socially oriented economy...
MATERIAL COSTS - an element of the cost of products (works, services), which reflects the cost of: purchased raw materials and materials that are part of the manufactured products or are a necessary component in the manufacture of products (carrying out work, providing services); purchased materials used in the production process of products (works, services) to ensure a normal technological process and for packaging products or spent on other production and economic needs (testing, maintenance, repair and operation of equipment, buildings, structures, other fixed assets, etc. .), etc. spare parts for equipment repair, wear and tear of tools, fixtures, equipment, devices, laboratory equipment and other labor tools not classified as fixed assets, wear and tear of work clothes and other low-value items; purchased components and semi-finished products that are subject to further installation or additional processing at this enterprise; works and services of a production nature performed by third-party enterprises or production facilities and farms of the enterprise that are not related to the main type of activity. Works and services of a production nature include: performing individual operations for the manufacture of products, processing of raw materials and supplies; carrying out tests to determine the quality of consumed raw materials and materials, monitoring compliance with established technological processes, repairing basic production assets; use of natural raw materials (for the reproduction of the mineral resource base, for land reclamation, payment for land reclamation work carried out by specialized enterprises, payment for standing timber, harvested industrial enterprises from water management systems); purchased from the fuel of all types, spent on technological purposes, production of all types of energy (electric, thermal, compressed air, cold and other types), heating of buildings, transport for maintenance of production, carried out by enterprise transport (third-party transport organizations for the transportation of goods within the enterprise (movement of raw materials, materials, tools, parts, blanks), other types of cargo from the base (central) warehouse to workshops (departments) and delivery of finished products to storage warehouses, to the station (port, pier) of departure, etc. are also included in the services production nature); purchased energy of all types (electric, thermal, compressed air, cold and other types), spent on technological, energy, propulsion and other production and economic needs of the enterprise. Costs of electrical and other types of energy generated by the enterprise itself, etc. for the transformation and transmission of purchased energy to the places of its consumption are included in the corresponding elements of costs, losses from a shortage of received material resources within the limits of natural loss rates. The cost of material resources reflected in the element “Material” is formed based on the prices of their acquisition (excluding value added tax), markups (surcharges), commissions paid to supply and foreign economic organizations, cost of services commodity exchanges, including brokerage services, customs duties, transportation fees, and sufficiency carried out by third parties. Costs associated with the delivery (including loading and unloading) of material resources by transport and personnel of the enterprise are subject to inclusion in the corresponding elements of production costs (depreciation of fixed assets, material costs, etc.). The cost of material resources also includes: costs of enterprises for the purchase of containers and packaging received from suppliers of material resources, minus the cost of this container.
Economics and law: dictionary-reference book. - M.: University and school. L. P. Kurakov, V. L. Kurakov, A. L. Kurakov. 2004 .
See what “MATERIAL COSTS” is in other dictionaries:
Economic dictionary
The value of material production costs appears in the form depreciation charges and the cost of objects of labor... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Material costs- is the value of material production costs, appearing in the form of depreciation charges and the cost of objects of labor. [Large Encyclopedic Dictionary] Term heading: Economics Encyclopedia headings: Abrasive equipment, Abrasives... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials
Material costs- 20. Material costs represent the cost of consumed material resources in the process of production of products (works, services). According to their purpose and use in the production process, material resources are grouped by type... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation
material costs- part of production costs, the costs of producing products, goods, services, which includes the costs of raw materials, basic and auxiliary materials, fuel, energy and other costs equated to material ones. Material costs... ... Dictionary of economic terms
The amount of material production costs; act in the form of depreciation charges and the cost of objects of labor. * * * MATERIAL COSTS MATERIAL COSTS, the amount of material production costs, act in the form of depreciation... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
MATERIAL COSTS- (eng. direct materials costs) – the cost expression of the costs of material resources for the production and sale of products, determined in the calculations of its cost. The composition of M.z. includes: cost of raw materials and materials, purchased components... ... Financial and credit encyclopedic dictionary
Material costs- value created by past labor and transferred to the cost of a new product... A brief dictionary of basic forestry and economic terms
MATERIAL COSTS- - a set of items or cost elements involved in the formation of the cost per unit of production or cost estimate for production ... Concise Dictionary of Economist
material costs for drilling- Expenses for the purchase and repair of equipment and tools that can be used in the future after drilling and completion of the well. Typically, such costs account for about 30% of the cost of drilling a well)